| 1. |
- Callinan, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol's harm to others : An international collaborative project
- 2016
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Ingår i: The international journal of alcohol and drug research. - : International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research. - 1925-7066. ; 5:2, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: This paper outlines the methods of a collaborative population survey project measuring the range and magnitude of alcohol's harm to others internationally. Setting: Seven countries participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) and ThaiHealth Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth) research project titled The Harm to Others from Drinking, along with two other countries with similar studies, will form the core of a database which will incorporate data from other countries in the future. Measures: The WHO-ThaiHealth research project developed two comparable versions of a survey instrument, both measuring harm from others' drinking to the respondent and the respondent's children. Design: Surveys were administered via face-to-face methods in seven countries, while similar surveys were administered via computer-assisted telephone interviews in two additional countries. Responses from all surveys will be compiled in an international database for the purpose of international comparisons. Discussion: Harms from the alcohol consumption of others are intertwined with the cultural norms where consumption occurs. The development of this database will make it possible to look beyond reports and analyses at national levels, and illuminate the relationships between consumption, harms, and culture. Conclusions: This database will facilitate work describing the prevalence, patterning, and predictors of personal reports of harm from others' drinking cross-nationally.
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| 2. |
- Laslett, Anne-Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Scoping response system management of alcohol's harm to others in lower middle income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 33:5-6, s. 515-536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS - As part of the WHO Harm from others' drinking project, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, Chile, Nigeria and Vietnam undertook scoping studies to examine: which service agencies in low and middle income countries responded to people affected by others' drinking; how commonly key informants from these agencies indicated alcohol was part of the problems they managed; and whether any routine reporting systems collected information on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) and the types and examples of harms experienced across the six countries. METHODS - Researchers synthetised within country peer-review literature, reports, news and agency website information. Additionally, researchers interviewed key informants to investigate current structures, functions and practices of service agencies, and in particular their recording practices surrounding cases involving others' drinking. RESULTS - 111 key informants agreed to participate from 91 purposively selected agencies from health, social protection, justice and police, and 'other' sectors. National and provincial level data, as well as state-run and civil society agency data were collected. Diverse service response systems managed AHTO in the different countries. A large range in the percentage of all cases attributed to AHTO was identified. Case story examples from each country illustrate the different responses to, and the nature of, many severe problems experienced because of others' drinking. CONCLUSIONS - AHTO was a major issue for service systems in LMIC, and significantly contributed to their workload, yet, very few recording systems routinely collected AHTO data. Recommendations are outlined to improve AHTO data collection across multiple sectors and enable LMIC to better identify and respond to AHTO.
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| 3. |
- Pandya, Raj, et al.
(författare)
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Fine Structure and Spin Dynamics of Linearly Polarized Indirect Excitons in Two-Dimensional CdSe/CdTe Colloidal Heterostructures
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 13:9, s. 10140-10153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterostructured two-dimensional colloidal nanoplatelets are a class of material that has attracted great interest for optoelectronic applications due to their high photoluminescence yield, atomically tunable thickness, and ultralow lasing thresholds. Of particular interest are laterally heterostructured core-crown nanoplatelets with a type-II band alignment, where the in-plane spatial separation of carriers leads to indirect (or charge transfer) excitons with long lifetimes and bright, highly Stokes shifted emission. Despite this, little is known about the nature of the lowest energy exciton states responsible for emission in these materials. Here, using polarization-controlled, steady-state, and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, at temperatures down to 1.6 K and magnetic fields up to 30 T, we study the exciton fine structure and spin dynamics of archetypal type-II CdSe/CdTe core-crown nanoplatelets. Complemented by theoretical modeling and zero-field quantum beat measurements, we find the bright-exciton fine structure consists of two linearly polarized states with a fine structure splitting similar to 50 mu eV and an indirect exciton Lande g-factor of 0.7. In addition, we show the exciton spin lifetime to be in the microsecond range with an unusual B-3 magnetic field dependence. The discovery of linearly polarized exciton states and emission highlights the potential for use of such materials in display and imaging applications without polarization filters. Furthermore, the small exciton fine structure splitting and a long spin lifetime are fundamental advantages when envisaging CdSe/CdTe nanoplatelets as elementary bricks for the next generation of quantum devices, particularly given their ease of fabrication.
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| 4. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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The social location of harm from others' drinking in 10 societies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 114:3, s. 425-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Survey data from 10 diverse countries were used to analyse the social location of harms from others' drinking: which segments of the population are more likely to be adversely affected by such harm, and how does this differ between societies? Methods General-population surveys in Australia, Chile, India, Laos, New Zealand, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United States and Vietnam, with a primary focus on the social location of the harmed person by gender, age groups, rural/urban residence and drinking status. Harms from known drinkers were analysed separately from harms from strangers. Results In all sites, risky or moderate drinkers were more likely than abstainers to report harm from the drinking of known drinkers, with risky drinkers the most likely to report harm. This was also generally true for harm from strangers' drinking, although the patterns were more mixed in Vietnam and Thailand. Harm from strangers' drinking was more often reported by males, while gender disparity in harm from known drinkers varied between sites. Younger adults were more likely to experience harm both from known drinkers and from strangers in some, but not all, societies. Only a few sites showed significant urban/rural differences, with disparities varying in direction. In multivariate analyses, most relationships remained, although some were no longer significant. Conclusion The social location of harms from others' drinking, whether known or a stranger, varies considerably between societies. One near-commonality among the societies is that those who are themselves risky drinkers are more likely to suffer harm from others' drinking.
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| 5. |
- Steinmetz, Violette, et al.
(författare)
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Emission State Structure and Linewidth Broadening Mechanisms in Type-II CdSe/CdTe Core-Crown Nanoplatelets: A Combined Theoretical-Single Nanocrystal Optical Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:31, s. 17352-17363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type-II heterostructures are key elementary components in optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and quantum devices. The staggered band alignment of materials leads to the stabilization of indirect excitons (IXs), i.e., correlated electron-hole pairs experiencing spatial separation with novel properties, boosting optical gain and promoting strategies for the design of information storage, charge separation, or qubit manipulation devices. Planar colloidal CdSe/CdTe core-crown type-II nested structures, grown as nanoplatelets (NPLs), are the focus of the present work. By combining low temperature single NPL measurements and electronic structure calculations, we gain insights into the mechanisms impacting the emission properties. We are able to probe the sensitivity of the elementary excitations (IXs, trions) with respect to the appropriate structural parameter (core size). Neutral IXs, with binding energies reaching SO meV, are shown to dominate the highly structured single NPL emission. The large broadening linewidth that persists at the single NPL level clearly results from strong exciton-LO phonon coupling (E-ph = 21 meV) whose strength is poorly influenced by trapped charges. The spectral jumps (approximate to 10 meV) in the photoluminescence recorded as a function of time are explained by the fluctuations in the IX electrostatic environment considering fractional variations (approximate to 0.2 e) of the noncompensated charge defects.
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| 6. |
- Upadhayaya, Shankar, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazole, urea and thiourea derivatives of quinoline against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 17:13, s. 4681-4692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new series of 20 quinoline derivatives possessing triazolo, ureido and thioureido substituents have been synthesized and their antimycobacterial properties have been evaluated. Compounds 10, 22 and 24 inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv up to 96%, 98% and 94% respectively, at a fixed concentration of 6.25 mu g/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.125 mu g/mL was obtained for compound 10 and 24, while for compound 22 it was 6.25 mu g/mL. Molecular docking calculations suggest critical hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between polar functional groups (such as quinoline-nitrogen, urea-carbonyl and hydroxyl) of anti-mycobacterial (anti-TB) compounds and amino acids (Arg186 and Glu61) of ATP-synthase of M. tuberculosis, could be the probable reason for observed anti-mycobacterial action. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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