| 1. |
- Sharma, R., et al.
(author)
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Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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In: Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1253. ; 7:7, s. 627-647
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2.17 million (2.00-2.34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1.09 million (1.02-1.15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22.2 (95% UI 21.3-23.0) per 100 000 to 26.7 (24.6-28.9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14.3 (13.5-14.9) per 100 000 to 13.7 (12.6-14.5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308.5 (294.7-320.7) per 100 000 to 295.5 (275.2-313.0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62.0 [48.9-80.0] per 100 000), Monaco (60.7 [48.5-73.6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56.6 [42.8-71.9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31.4 [26.0-37.1] per 100 000), Brunei (30.3 [26.6-34.1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28.6 [23.6-34.0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15.6%), smoking (13.3%), a diet low in calcium (12.9%), and alcohol use (9.9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019. Interpretation The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Baranasic, D, et al.
(author)
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Multiomic atlas with functional stratification and developmental dynamics of zebrafish cis-regulatory elements
- 2022
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 54:7, s. 1037-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Zebrafish, a popular organism for studying embryonic development and for modeling human diseases, has so far lacked a systematic functional annotation program akin to those in other animal models. To address this, we formed the international DANIO-CODE consortium and created a central repository to store and process zebrafish developmental functional genomic data. Our data coordination center (https://danio-code.zfin.org) combines a total of 1,802 sets of unpublished and re-analyzed published genomic data, which we used to improve existing annotations and show its utility in experimental design. We identified over 140,000 cis-regulatory elements throughout development, including classes with distinct features dependent on their activity in time and space. We delineated the distinct distance topology and chromatin features between regulatory elements active during zygotic genome activation and those active during organogenesis. Finally, we matched regulatory elements and epigenomic landscapes between zebrafish and mouse and predicted functional relationships between them beyond sequence similarity, thus extending the utility of zebrafish developmental genomics to mammals.
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| 4. |
- Gallagher, S. J., et al.
(author)
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The enigma of rare Quaternary oolites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans : A result of global oceanographic physicochemical conditions or a sampling bias?
- 2018
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In: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 200, s. 114-122
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Marine ooids are iconic indicators of shallow seawater carbonate saturation state, and their formation has traditionally been ascribed to physicochemical processes. The Indo-Pacific stands out as a region devoid of oolites, particularly during the Quaternary: the "ooid enigma". Here we present results from recent coring by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP Expedition 356) off west Australia that shows that ooid horizons are common in Pleistocene strata up to 730,000 years old. Extensive "ooid factories" were created due to the presence of long-lived tidally influenced flat topped tropical platforms suitable for intermittent ooid accretion over hundreds to thousands of years during highstands and times of lower sea level. This work suggests marine ooids may actually be more common in Indo-Pacific than previously reported. Past global ocean alkalinity was elevated during Pleistocene glacial periods and continental climate was generally more arid in the Indo-Pacific region compared to interglacials and the Holocene. Therefore, increased aridity associated with higher alkalinity conditions during the glacials facilitated ooid precipitation on adjacent tropical carbonate platforms particularly offshore from arid Australia. This confluence of factors suggests that more "ooid factories" may be encountered by further coring Indo-Pacific regions with Pleistocene flat long-lived carbonate shelves. However, Indo-Pacific Quaternary ooid occurrences outside Australia are rare, suggesting that the Northwest Shelf may be a unique archive of this non-skeletal precipitate. Further investigations into the petrography and geochemistry of pre-Holocene ooid occurrences will provide insights into their origin and the relative role of biotic, physicochemical and other factors in their formation. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Oikonomou, Vasileios, et al.
(author)
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The Role of Interferon-γ in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.
- 2024
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In: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 390:20, s. 1873-1884
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a life-threatening, autosomal recessive syndrome caused by autoimmune regulator (AIRE) deficiency. In APS-1, self-reactive T cells escape thymic negative selection, infiltrate organs, and drive autoimmune injury. The effector mechanisms governing T-cell-mediated damage in APS-1 remain poorly understood.We examined whether APS-1 could be classified as a disease mediated by interferon-γ. We first assessed patients with APS-1 who were participating in a prospective natural history study and evaluated mRNA and protein expression in blood and tissues. We then examined the pathogenic role of interferon-γ using Aire-/-Ifng-/- mice and Aire-/- mice treated with the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib. On the basis of our findings, we used ruxolitinib to treat five patients with APS-1 and assessed clinical, immunologic, histologic, transcriptional, and autoantibody responses.Patients with APS-1 had enhanced interferon-γ responses in blood and in all examined autoimmunity-affected tissues. Aire-/- mice had selectively increased interferon-γ production by T cells and enhanced interferon-γ, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1), and CXCL9 signals in multiple organs. Ifng ablation or ruxolitinib-induced JAK-STAT blockade in Aire-/- mice normalized interferon-γ responses and averted T-cell infiltration and damage in organs. Ruxolitinib treatment of five patients with APS-1 led to decreased levels of T-cell-derived interferon-γ, normalized interferon-γ and CXCL9 levels, and remission of alopecia, oral candidiasis, nail dystrophy, gastritis, enteritis, arthritis, Sjögren's-like syndrome, urticaria, and thyroiditis. No serious adverse effects from ruxolitinib were identified in these patients.Our findings indicate that APS-1, which is caused by AIRE deficiency, is characterized by excessive, multiorgan interferon-γ-mediated responses. JAK inhibition with ruxolitinib in five patients showed promising results. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others.).
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| 7. |
- GholamHosseini, Hamid, et al.
(author)
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Cuffless blood pressure estimation using pulse transit time and photoplethysmogram intensity ratio
- 2018
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In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, vol 249. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998679 ; , s. 77-83
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High blood pressure (BP) is one of the common risk factors for heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease. An accurate, continuous and cuffless BP monitoring technique could help clinicians improve the rate of prevention, detection, and treatment of hypertension and related diseases. Pulse transit time (PTT) has attracted interest as an index of BP changes for cuffless BP measurement techniques. Currently, PPT-based BP measurement approaches have improved and are able to relieve the discomfort associated with an inflated cuff such as that used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, PTT can only track the BP variation in high frequency (HF) which limits the true representation of BP changes. This paper presents a continuous and cuffless BP monitoring method based on multiparameter fusion. We used photoplethysmogram (PPG) and a two-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and employed an algorithm based on PTT and the PPG intensity ratio (PIR) to continuously track BP in both high and low frequencies and estimate systolic and diastolic BP.
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| 8. |
- Rasoolimanesh, S. Mostafa, et al.
(author)
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Destination image during the COVID-19 pandemic and future travel behavior : The moderating role of past experience
- 2021
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In: Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-571X .- 2212-5752. ; 21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the effects of cognitive destination image shaped by media during the COVID-19 pandemic on willingness to support and post-pandemic travel intention. Drawing upon the concept of cognitive destination image and through an online self-administered survey, the effects of four factors including trust, crisis management, healthcare system, and solidarity on travel behavioral intention are compared based on tourists' prior experience of a given destination. To achieve this aim, ten countries with different coping strategies, numbers of positive cases and mortality rate were studied. A total number of 518 useable questionnaires were collected from the prospect international tourists who followed news related to COVID-19 for one of the selected countries and plan to travel in the future. Partial least squares - structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis were used to test the model and hypotheses. The results showed the high predictive power of the model on post COVID-19 travel behavioral intention. The findings revealed the strong and positive effects of trust and healthcare system on behavioral intention of respondents without past experience to visit a destination, whereas the effect of solidarity on behavioral intention was identified much stronger for the prospect tourists with past experience of visiting a destination. This research provides unique theoretical contributions by investigating the effects of trust, crisis management, healthcare system, and solidarity shaped by media during COVID-19 outbreak as the components of cognitive destination image on future behavioral intention across past experience of visiting a destination. This study also provides insights on post-crisis recovery factors affecting travel behavioral intention and demand.
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| 9. |
- Rastegar, S., et al.
(author)
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Estimating Systolic Blood Pressure Using Convolutional Neural Networks
- 2019
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In: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. - : NLM (Medline). - 0926-9630 .- 1879-8365. ; 261, s. 143-149
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring can produce a significant amount of digital data, which increases the chance of early diagnosis and improve the rate of survival for people diagnosed with hypertension and Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, mining and processing this vast amount of data are challenging. This research is aimed to address this challenge by proposing a deep learning technique, convolutional neural network (CNN), to estimate the systolic blood pressure (SBP) using electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Two different methods are investigated and compared in this research. In the first method, continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and CNN have been employed to estimate the SBP. For the second method, we used random sampling within the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization of CNN and the raw ECG and PPG signals for training the network. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC III) database is used for both methods, which split to two parts, 70% for training our network and the remaining used for testing the performance of the network. Both methods are capable of learning how to extract relevant features from the signals. Therefore, there is no need for engineered feature extraction compared to previous works. Our experimental results show high accuracy for both CNN-based methods which make them promising and reliable architectures for SBP estimation.
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| 10. |
- Seyfi, Siamak, et al.
(author)
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COVID-19 and post-pandemic travel behaviour changes
- 2023
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In: Handbook on Tourism and Behaviour Change. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800372481 - 9781800372498 ; , s. 318-335
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic vary internationally. The perceptions of particular destinations formed by such responses may substantially affect travel intention post pandemic. This study investigates the impact of perceptions towards trust, crisis management, health care system, and solidarity shaped by media on willingness to support a destination and travel intention post pandemic. Ten countries with different coping strategies, numbers of positive cases and mortality rate are studied. Trust, crisis management, health care system, and solidarity are identified as important predictors of future travel behavior. The results show the strong effects of solidarity and trust on willingness to support a destination and travel intention. The findings have potentially significant implications for post-COVID-19 destination marketing and recovery in the light of significant changes in the travel patterns of millions of people worldwide.
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| 11. |
- Zeinali, S., et al.
(author)
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Detecting shoreline changes in Chabahar Bay by processing satellite images
- 2017
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In: Scientia Iranica. International Journal of Science and Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1026-3098 .- 2345-3605. ; 24:4, s. 1802-1809
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Monitoring coastal areas is an important parameter in the sustainable development and protection of the environment. The expansion of constructions in Iran's southern coasts has not only led to the destruction of geomorphological landforms, but has also changed the process of erosion and sedimentation in coastal areas. Nowadays, remote sensing data are considered as the most efficient source of information for the study and interpretation of coastal landforms, tidal levels, changes in coastline, depth of water, and so forth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the coastline of Chabahar Gulf, located on the coasts of the Oman Sea by using remote sensing techniques. This study examined and interpreted qualitative and quantitative changes of the coastlines in a forty-two-year period. Different supervised classification methods were used from which the most accurate one was ultimately chosen. The classified images were divided into two classes of land and water, and the changes of these two classes between 1972 and 2014 were extracted. The net change results indicate that in the forty-two-year period, 1,832,436 m(2) of the land has been added to water class, and 7,004,844 m(2) of water has been added to land.
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