| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Habs, D., et al.
(författare)
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The REX-ISOLDE project
- 2000
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Ingår i: Hyperfine Interactions. - 0304-3843 .- 1572-9540. ; 129:1-4, s. 43-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Radioactive Beam Experiment REX-ISOLDE [1-3] is a pilot experiment at ISOLDE (CERN) testing the new concept of post acceleration of radioactive ion beams by using charge breeding of the ions in a high charge state ion source and the efficient acceleration of the highly charged ions in a short LINAC using modern ion accelerator structures. In order to prepare the ions for the experiments singly charged radioactive ions from the on-line mass separator ISOLDE will be cooled and bunched in a Penning trap, charge bred in an electron beam ion source (EBIS) and finally accelerated in the LINAC. The LINAC consists of a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, which accelerates the ions up to 0.3 MeV/u, an interdigital H-type (IH) structure with a final energy between 1.1 and 1.2 MeV/u and three seven gap resonators, which allow the variation of the final energy. With an energy of the radioactive beams between 0.8 MeV/u and 2.2 MeV/u a wide range of experiments in the field of nuclear spectroscopy, astrophysics and solid state physics will be addressed by REX-ISOLDE.
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| 3. |
- Maes, S.L., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 629:8010, s. 105-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon–climate feedback projections. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9–2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2–0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22–38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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| 4. |
- Bjornstad, T., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the Giant Gamow-Teller Resonance in Nuclear Beta-Decay - the Case of Ar-32
- 1985
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 443:2, s. 283-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delayed proton and gamma emissions following the β-decay of 32Ar have been studied. The half-life of 32Ar is 98 ± 2 ms, and the T = 2 analogue state in 32Cl lies at the excitation energy 5036 ± 12 keV. From the intensity of the feeding to this state the proton intensities can be converted to an absolute scale leading to a total proton branching ratio of (43 ± 3)%. From proton-gamma coincidence measurements it emerges that (1.9 ± 0.2)% of the protons lead to the first-excited state in 31S. A level scheme up to 8.75 MeV excitation in 32Cl has been constructed and the Gamow-Teller strength function has been deduced. The result is a renormalization of the axial-vector strength to (49 ± 5)% of the free-nucleon value.
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| 5. |
- Nordenskjöld, Anna, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized evaluation of beta blocker and ACE-inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA-BAT): Rationale and design
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 231, s. 96-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is common and occurs in 6-8% of all patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This paper describes the rationale behind the trial 'Randomized Evaluation of Beta Blocker and ACE-Inhibitor/Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Treatment (ACEI/ARB) of MINOCA patients' (MINOCA-BAT) and the need to improve the secondary preventive treatment of MINOCA patients. Methods MINOCA-BAT is a registry-based, randomized, parallel, open-label, multicenter trial with 2:2 factorial design. The primary aim is to determine whether oral beta blockade compared with no oral beta blockade, and ACEI/ARB compared with no ACEI/ARB, reduce the composite endpoint of death of any cause, readmission because of AMI, ischemic stroke or heart failure in patients discharged after MINOCA without clinical signs of heart failure and with left ventricular ejection fraction >= 40%. A total of 3500 patients will be randomized into four groups; e.g. ACEI/ARB and beta blocker, beta blocker only, ACEI/ARB only and neither ACEI/ARB nor beta blocker, and followed for a mean of 4 years. Summary While patients with MINOCA have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events and death, whether conventional secondary preventive therapies are beneficial has not been assessed in randomized trials. There is a limited basis for guideline recommendations in MINOCA. Furthermore, studies of routine clinical practice suggest that use of secondary prevention therapies in MINOCA varies considerably. Thus results from this trial may influence future treatment strategies and guidelines specific to MINOCA patients.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Coron, N., et al.
(författare)
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A Composite Bolometer as a Charged-Particle Spectrometer
- 1985
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 314:6006, s. 75-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The measurement of radioactivity by direct conversion of nuclear radiation into a temperature rise of a calorimeter is as old as nuclear physics itself. As part of a general programme aiming at a determination of the mass of the electron neutrino, we have designed an improved version of a He-cooled composite diamond bolometer with a monolithic germanium thermistor, developed at the Laboratoire de Physique Stellaire et Planetaire (LPSP)1. Our approach, based on an idea by De Rujula2, is to study the shape, near the upper end-point of the internal bremsstrahlung spectrum in electron-capture β decay. The best nucleus for a precise measurement seems to be 163Ho, for which we have determined3 the Q EC value to be 2.83±0.05 keV. A particularly interesting possibility is to use total absorption spectrometry4 (calorimetry), in which the radioactive holmium forms part of the sensitive volume of the detector. With 5–6-MeV α particles impinging on the diamond wafer of the bolometer, a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 36 keV was obtained at a temperature of 1.3 K. The theoretical resolution at 100 mK is a few electron-volts, so this new detection technique should give greatly enhanced energy resolution compared with present solid-state conductors based on charge carrier collection.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Farmakis, D., et al.
(författare)
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Levosimendan beyond inotropy and acute heart failure: Evidence of pleiotropic effects on the heart and other organs: An expert panel position paper
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 222, s. 303-312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Levosimendan is a positive inotrope with vasodilating properties (inodilator) indicated for decompensated heart failure (HF) patients with low cardiac output. Accumulated evidence supports several pleiotropic effects of levosimendan beyond inotropy, the heart and decompensated HF. Those effects are not readily explained by cardiac function enhancement and seem to be related to additional properties of the drug such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic ones. Mechanistic and proof-of-concept studies are still required to clarify the underlying mechanisms involved, while properly designed clinical trials are warranted to translate preclinical or early-phase clinical data into more robust clinical evidence. The present position paper, derived by a panel of 35 experts in the field of cardiology, cardiac anesthesiology, intensive care medicine, cardiac physiology, and cardiovascular pharmacology from 22 European countries, compiles the existing evidence on the pleiotropic effects of levosimendan, identifies potential novel areas of clinical application and defines the corresponding gaps in evidence and the required research efforts to address those gaps. © 2016 The Authors
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| 10. |
- Holmgren, Birgitta G, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in a middle-aged and older population in Guinea-Bissau
- 2007
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Ingår i: Retrovirology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-4690. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In Guinea-Bissau HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I are prevalent in the general population. The natural history of HIV/HTLV-I single and dual infections has not been fully elucidated in this population. Previous studies have shown that combinations of these infections are more common in older women than in men. The present study compares mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in individuals over 35 years of age within an urban community-based cohort in Guinea-Bissau. RESULTS: A total of 2,839 and 1,075 individuals were included in the HIV and HTLV-I mortality analyses respectively. Compared with HIV-negative individuals, adjusted mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were 4.9 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 2.3, 10.4) for HIV-1, 1.8 (95%CI: 1.5, 2.3) for HIV-2, and 5.9 (2.4, 14.3) for HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. MRR for HTLV-I-positive compared with HTLV-I-negative individuals was 1.7 (1.1, 2.7). Excluding all HIV-positive individuals from the analysis, the HTLV-I MRR was 2.3 (1.3, 3.8). The MRR of HTLV-I/HIV-2 dually infected individuals was 1.7 (0.7, 4.3), compared with HIV/HTLV-I-negative individuals. No statistically significant differences were found in retrovirus-associated mortality between men and women. CONCLUSION: HIV-1-associated excess mortality was low compared with community studies from other parts of Africa, presumably because this population was older and the introduction of HIV-1 into the community recent. HIV-2 and HTLV-I-associated mortality was 2-fold higher than the mortality in uninfected individuals. We found no significant differences between the mortality risk for HIV-2 and HTLV-I single infection, respectively, and HIV-2/HTLV-I dual infection. The higher prevalence of retroviral dual infections in older women is not explained by differential retrovirus-associated mortality for men and women.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Laursen, K. R., et al.
(författare)
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An RCT of acute health effects in COPD-patients after passive vape exposure from e-cigarettes
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2001-8525. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: E-cigarette use has been shown to have short-term acute effects among active users but less is known of the acute passive effects, particularly among individuals with existing respiratory diseases. Objective: To investigate local and systemic effects of short-term passive vape exposure among patients with mild or moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: In a double-blinded crossover study 16 non-smoking COPD-patients (mean age 68) were randomly exposed for 4 h to passive vape (median PM2.5: 18 mu g/m(3) (range: 8-333)) and clean air (PM2.5 < 6 mu g/m(3)) separated by 14 days. Particles were measured using an ultrafine particle counter (P-TRAK) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Health effects including Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) and albumin in exhaled air, spirometry, FeNO, and plasma proteins were evaluated before, right after, and 24 hours after exposure. Participants reported symptoms throughout exposure sessions. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Results: SP-A in exhaled air was negatively affected by exposure to vape and several plasma proteins increased significantly. Throat irritation was more pronounced during passive vape exposure, while FVC and FEV1 decreased, however, not significantly. Conclusions: SP-A in exhaled air and some plasma proteins were affected by passive vape in patients with COPD indicating inflammation, showing that passive vape exposure is potentially harmful.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Precht, H., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of image quality in chest, hip and pelvis examinations between mobile equipment in nursing homes and static indirect radiography equipment in the hospital
- 2020
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174. ; 26:2, s. 31-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: A hospital environment can be a significant burden and a health risk especially for dementia patients. Mobile x-ray equipment (ME) is used to enable imaging of these patients at home. The aim was to compare image quality (IQ) of chest, hip and pelvis images from ME to the stationary equipment (SE) used in a hospital department. Methods: We analysed examinations of the chest (n = 20), hip (n = 64) and pelvis (n = 32). Images were equally obtained from each setting of ME and SE. All images were graded using Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) by three radiographers (hip and pelvis) and three radiologists (chest). Technical IQ assessment was done by 80 additional images of a Contrast-Detail Radiography phantom (CDRAD). Results: All chest images were approved for diagnostic use, as well as the hip AP and pelvis images from SE. ‘Approved proportion of ME images was for HIP antero-posterior (AP) and pelvis, 78% [95% CI: 52–94%] and 81% [95% CI: 54–96%] respectively. Hip axial had an overall low, but not significant different approval rate. Ordered logistic regression indicated higher IQ of HIP AP and pelvic images from SE. This contrasts that the CDRAD substudy indicated better IQ, expressed as IQFinv, from ME. Conclusion: The VGA showed higher IQ for the SE system, while the CDRAD showed higher IQ for the ME system. Implications for practice: Dementia patients can be examined at their home if the acquisition is optimised according to image quality in conjunct to radiation dose. Performing imaging out of the hospital and coordinating the patients’ further treatment are new work areas for radiographers and requires excellent communication skills.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Stroke, H. H., et al.
(författare)
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Bolometers as Particle Spectrometers
- 1986
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; 33:1, s. 759-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Yndigegn, T., et al.
(författare)
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Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction and Preserved Ejection Fraction
- 2024
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Most trials that have shown a benefit of beta-blocker treatment after myocardial infarction included patients with large myocardial infarctions and were conducted in an era before modern biomarker-based diagnosis of myocardial infarction and treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention, antithrombotic agents, high-intensity statins, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists.Methods In a parallel-group, open-label trial performed at 45 centers in Sweden, Estonia, and New Zealand, we randomly assigned patients with an acute myocardial infarction who had undergone coronary angiography and had a left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 50% to receive either long-term treatment with a beta-blocker (metoprolol or bisoprolol) or no beta-blocker treatment. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or new myocardial infarction.Results From September 2017 through May 2023, a total of 5020 patients were enrolled (95.4% of whom were from Sweden). The median follow-up was 3.5 years (interquartile range, 2.2 to 4.7). A primary end-point event occurred in 199 of 2508 patients (7.9%) in the beta-blocker group and in 208 of 2512 patients (8.3%) in the no-beta-blocker group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.16; P=0.64). Beta-blocker treatment did not appear to lead to a lower cumulative incidence of the secondary end points (death from any cause, 3.9% in the beta-blocker group and 4.1% in the no-beta-blocker group; death from cardiovascular causes, 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively; myocardial infarction, 4.5% and 4.7%; hospitalization for atrial fibrillation, 1.1% and 1.4%; and hospitalization for heart failure, 0.8% and 0.9%). With regard to safety end points, hospitalization for bradycardia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, hypotension, syncope, or implantation of a pacemaker occurred in 3.4% of the patients in the beta-blocker group and in 3.2% of those in the no-beta-blocker group; hospitalization for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 0.6% and 0.6%, respectively; and hospitalization for stroke in 1.4% and 1.8%.Conclusions Among patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent early coronary angiography and had a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (>= 50%), long-term beta-blocker treatment did not lead to a lower risk of the composite primary end point of death from any cause or new myocardial infarction than no beta-blocker use. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; REDUCE-AMI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03278509.) Hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved EF were assigned to receive open-label long-term beta-blocker therapy or not. Beta-blockers did not lead to a lower risk of death or MI.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Axelsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Candidates for Electron-Neutrino Mass Measurements - the Case of Kr-81
- 1988
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Ingår i: Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 210:1-2, s. 249-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclear data of the known candidates for neutrino mass determination by resonant electron-capture beta decay are reviewed. New results are presented for the isotope 81Kr, where the transition to the 276 keV state has been found to have QEC=4.7±0.5 keV and a branching ratio of (3.0±0.2)×10−3
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| 25. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of intense beams of Li-11 from a tantalum foil target
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. - 0168-583X. ; 155:4, s. 515-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The yields of Li-11 from a tantalum target, constructed from very thin foils, have been measured at ISOLDE and found to be an order of magnitude greater than those previously measured for a standard roll foil target. The modifications to the existing target designs were based on theoretical modelling calculations. The tantalum foils are 2 mu m thick and the target mass is only one tenth of normal foil targets. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 26. |
- Bennett, J. R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Release studies of a thin foil tantalum target for the production of short-lived radioactive nuclei
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 701, s. 327C-333C
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements have been made at ISOLDE, of the release curves and yields of radioactive beams of lithium, sodium and beryllium from a target constructed from 2 pm thick foils. The release curves have been analysed by fitting to a mathematical model to determine the coefficients of diffusion of the particles in the foils and effusion through the target and ionizer at several temperatures. Through a better understanding of the rate of transport of the particles, it is possible to design targets and ionizers with improved yields. This is most important for the rare, short-lived isotopes in which there is considerable interest for physics experiments. This target has demonstrated large increases in the yields of Li-11 and Be-12, in agreement with the predictions of the model. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bjornstad, T., et al.
(författare)
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The Doubly Closed Shell Nucleus Sn-132(50)82
- 1986
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9474. ; 453:3, s. 463-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of excited states in 132Sn, fed in the β-decay of 132In, has been investigated. Absolute intensities were deduced from γ-singles measurements. From multi-spectrum analysis of γ-lines the half-life of 132In was determined to be 186 ± 22 ms. A level scheme based on γγ and βγ coincidences is presented. The conversion electron spectrum has been studied and internal conversion coefficients deduced for two low-energy transitions. The total decay energy of 132In was determined, from γ-gated β-spectra, to be Qβ = 13.6 ± 0.4 MeV. A lower limit of 6.968 MeV for the neutron separation energy in 132Sn was deduced from the β-delayed neutron spectrum. The experimental results on the level structure of the doubly closed shell nucleus 132Sn show that the shell model is applicable even far from the valley of stability.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Borchert, G. L., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanisms for K X-Ray-Energy Shifts
- 1987
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung - Section A Journal of Physical Sciences. - 0932-0784. ; 42:8, s. 781-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 31. |
- Borge, M. J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Limits on Neutrino-Mixing from the Internal Bremsstrahlung Spectrum of I-125
- 1986
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 1402-4896 .- 0031-8949. ; 34:6A, s. 591-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The massive antineutrino recently reported by Simpson in an experiment on tritium decay has not been confirmed by experiments on 35S decay. As an independent check, we report here the negative result of a search for the corresponding antiparticle (a massive neutrino) using the decay of 125I. As a by-product, we give accurate data on internal-bremsstrahlung spectra which we have followed over close to four decades in intensity, and we report a new way of measuring its E1/M1 ratio. The experiment provides a new and very accurate value for the 125I-125Te mass difference of 186.1 ± 0.3 keV.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Ekerstad, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Frailty Scale classes are independently associated with 6-month mortality for patients after acute myocardial infarction
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 11:2, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Data on the prognostic value of frailty to guide clinical decision-making for patients with myocardial infarction (MI) are scarce. To analyse the association between frailty classification, treatment patterns, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month mortality in a large population of patients with MI.Methods and results: An observational, multicentre study with a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data using the SWEDEHEART registry. In total, 3381 MI patients with a level of frailty assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS-9) were included. Of these patients, 2509 (74.2%) were classified as non-vulnerable non-frail (CFS 1–3), 446 (13.2%) were vulnerable non-frail (CFS 4), and 426 (12.6%) were frail (CFS 5–9). Frailty and non-frail vulnerability were associated with worse in-hospital outcomes compared with non-frailty, i.e. higher rates of mortality (13.4% vs. 4.0% vs. 1.8%), cardiogenic shock (4.7% vs. 2.5% vs. 1.9%), and major bleeding (4.5% vs. 2.7% vs. 1.1%) (allP < 0.001), and less frequent use of evidence-based therapies. In Cox regression analyses, frailty was strongly and independently associated with 6-month mortality compared with non-frailty, after adjustment for age, sex, the GRACE risk score components, and other potential risk factors [hazard ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.30–4.79]. A similar pattern was seen for vulnerable non-frail patients (fully adjusted HR 2.07, 95% CI1.41–3.02).Conclusion: Frailty assessed with the CFS was independently and strongly associated with all-cause 6-month mortality, also after comprehensive adjustment for baseline differences in other risk factors. Similarly, non-frail vulnerability was independently associated with higher mortality compared with those with preserved functional ability.
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| 35. |
- Giambiagi, Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Language-Based Support for Service Oriented Architectures: Future Directions
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: 1st International Conference on Software and Data Technologies (ICSOFT 2006).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fast evolution of the Internet has popularized service-oriented architectures (SOA) with their promise of dynamic IT-supported inter-business collaborations. Yet this popularity does not reflect on the number of actual applications using the architecture. Programming models in use today make a poor match for the distributed, loosely-coupled, document-based nature of SOA. The gap is actually increasing. For example, interoperability between different organizations, requires contracts to reduce risks. Thus, high-level models of contracts are making their way into service-oriented architectures, but application developers are still left to their own devices when it comes to writing code that will comply with a contract. This paper surveys existing and future directions regarding language-based solutions to the above problem.
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| 36. |
- Hirlekar, G, et al.
(författare)
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Survival and neurological outcome in the elderly after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 118, s. 101-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There have been few studies of the outcome in elderly patients who have suffered in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and the association between cardiac arrest characteristics and survival.AIM: The aim of this large observational study was to investigate the survival and neurological outcome in the elderly after IHCA, and to identify which factors were associated with survival.METHODS: We investigated elderly IHCA patients (≥70years of age) who were registered in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry 2007-2015. For descriptive purposes, the patients were grouped according to age (70-79, 80-89, and ≥90years). Predictors of 30-day survival were identified using multivariable analysis.RESULTS: Altogether, 11,396 patients were included in the study. Thirty-day survival was 28% for patients aged 70-79 years, 20% for patients aged 80-89 years, and 14% for patients aged ≥90years. Factors associated with higher survival were: patients with an initially shockable rhythm, IHCA at an ECG-monitored location, IHCA was witnessed, IHCA during daytime (8 a.m.-8 p.m.), and an etiology of arrhythmia. A lower survival was associated with a history of heart failure, respiratory insufficiency, renal dysfunction and with an etiology of acute pulmonary oedema. Patients over 90 years of age with VF/VT as initial rhythm had a 41% survival rate. We found a trend indicating a less aggressive care with increasing age during cardiac arrest (fewer intubations, and less use of adrenalin and anti-arrhythmic drugs) but there was no association between age and delay in starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In survivors, there was no significant association between age and a favourable neurological outcome (CPC score: 1-2) (92%, 93%, and 88% in the three age groups, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Increasing age among the elderly is associated with a lower 30-day survival after IHCA. Less aggressive treatment and a worse risk profile might contribute to these findings. Relatively high survival rates among certain subgroups suggest that discussions about advanced directives should be individualized. Most survivors have good neurological outcome, even patients over 90 years of age.
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| 37. |
- Hultcrantz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of myeloproliferative neoplasms - trends by subgroup and age in a population-based study in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:4, s. 448-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The reported incidence of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) differs substantially between previous reports, likely due to true regional differences in incidence and/or variations in the quality and coverage of the cancer registers. Objective We therefore assessed MPN incidence in Sweden during recent years using prospectively collected information captured in Swedish health registers. Methods Patients with MPNs were identified through the Swedish Cancer Register and Swedish Blood Cancer Register between 2000 and 2014. Information on the Swedish population was obtained from the Human Mortality Database. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates of MPNs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 6281 MPN cases were reported to the Swedish Cancer Register and Swedish Blood Cancer Register during 2000-2014. The age-standardized, to the Swedish population in 2000, incidence for all MPNs was 4.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.34-4.56)/100 000 person-years. The age-standardized incidence for polycythemia vera was 1.48 (1.42-1.54), for essential thrombocythemia 1.60 (1.53-1.66) and for primary myelofibrosis 0.52 (0.48-0.56)/100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate of MPNs was substantially higher in the older compared to the younger age groups. The incidence increased during the study period, likely to do better reporting and increasing age of the general population. Conclusion The reported MPN incidences in our study, which were in the higher interval of previously published studies, are likely more accurate compared to previous reports due to the population-based setting and high level of coverage in the Swedish Cancer and Blood Cancer Registers.
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| 38. |
- Kurcewicz, W, et al.
(författare)
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The nuclear structure of Fr-227
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 621:4, s. 827-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gamma-rays following the beta(-) decay of Rn-227 have been investigated by means of gamma-ray singles and gamma gamma-coincidence measurements using an array of 12 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. The fast-timing beta gamma gamma(t) method has been us
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| 40. |
- Lindahl, Bertil, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Poor long-term prognosis in patients admitted with strong suspicion of acute myocardial infarction but discharged with another diagnosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 290:2, s. 359-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Characteristics and prognosis of patients admitted with strong suspicion of myocardial infarction (MI) but discharged without an MI diagnosis are not well-described. Objectives: To compare background characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes in patients discharged with or without MI diagnosis. Methods: The DETermination of the role of Oxygen in suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (DETO2X-AMI) trial compared 6629 patients with strong suspicion of MI randomized to oxygen or ambient air. The main composite end-point of this subgroup analysis was the incidence of all-cause death, rehospitalization with MI, heart failure (HF) or stroke during a follow-up of 2.1 years (median; range: 1–3.7 years) irrespective of randomized treatment. Results: 1619 (24%) received a non-MI discharge diagnosis, and 5010 patients (76%) were diagnosed with MI. Groups were similar in age, but non-MI patients were more commonly female and had more comorbidities. At thirty days, the incidence of the composite end-point was 2.8% (45 of 1619) in non-MI patients, compared to 5.0% (250 of 5010) in MI patients with lower incidences in all individual end-points. However, for the long-term follow-up, the incidence of the composite end-point increased in the non-MI patients to 17.7% (286 of 1619) as compared to 16.0% (804 of 5010) in MI patients, mainly driven by a higher incidence of all-cause death, stroke and HF. Conclusions: Patients admitted with a strong suspicion of MI but discharged with another diagnosis had more favourable outcomes in the short-term perspective, but from one year onwards, cardiovascular outcomes and death deteriorated to a worse long-term prognosis.
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| 45. |
- Nymo, St., et al.
(författare)
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Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration is independently associated with mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1874-1754 .- 0167-5273. ; 262, s. 79-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration increases in cardiovascular disease, but the long-term prognostic value of NGAL concentration has not been evaluated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We examined the association between NGAL concentration and prognosis in patients with ACS after non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or STEMI.NGAL concentration was measured in blood from 1121 consecutive ACS patients (30% women, mean age 65years) on the first morning after admission. After adjustment for 14 variables, NGAL concentration predicted long-term (median 167months) mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.61, P=0.003) for quartile (q) 4 of NGAL concentration. NGAL concentrations also predicted long-term mortality (HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.31-2.03, P<0.001, N=741) when adjusting for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. With these adjustments, NGAL concentration predicted long-term mortality in NSTEMI patients (HR=2.02, 95% CI 1.50-2.72, P<0.001) but not in STEMI patients (HR=1.32, 95% CI 0.95-1.83, P=0.100). In all patients, the combination of NGAL concentration and GRACE score yielded an HR of 5.56 (95% CI 4.37-7.06, P<0.001) for q4/q4 for both variables.NGAL concentration in ACS is associated with long-term prognosis after adjustment for clinical confounders. Measuring circulating NGAL concentration may help to identify patients-particularly those with NSTEMI-needing closer follow-up after ACS.
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| 46. |
- Patterson, Allison, et al.
(författare)
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Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:17, s. 3800-3807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Ravn-Fischer, A, et al.
(författare)
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Prehospital ECG signs of acute coronary occlusion are associated with reduced one-year motality
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 168:4, s. 3594-3598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We wanted to evaluate predictors of direct admittance to a coronary care unit (CCU) and predictors of death in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: During 2004-2007, all consecutive prehospitally triaged patients with suspected ACS were prospectively included. Prehospital and emergency data were collected at point of care. Data from medical records, ECG-, echocardiography- and laboratory databases was collected retrospectively. RESULTS: In all, 2757 patients were included. Out of these 858 were directly admitted to the CCU or cath/lab. Predictors for direct admittance to the CCU were ST-segment elevation on the initial ECG; odds ratio (OR) 46.11, left bundle branch block; OR 3.30, ongoing symptoms; OR 2.90, current smoking; OR 2.18 and ST-segment depression; OR 2.05. Independent predictors for 1-year mortality were cardiogenic shock; OR 14.40, increasing age OR (per year) 1.08, diabetes; OR 2.09 and chronic heart failure; OR 1.67. ST-segment elevation was associated with a lower 1-year mortality rate; OR 0.52. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a suspected ACS, prehospital ECG-signs indicating an acute coronary occlusion were not only a predictor for direct admission to acute coronary care but also a predictor for increased survival. To improve future outcome in acute ischemic heart diseases we must find and treat not only the STEMI's but also the high-risk NSTEMIs that otherwise would have a poor prognosis.
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| 49. |
- Redfors, B. Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and prognosis of the takotsubo syndrome compared to acute myocardial infarction
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 21, s. 267-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TS) is a potentially life-threatening acute cardiac syndrome with a clinical presentation very similar to myocardial infarction (MI) and for which the natural history, management and outcome remain incompletely understood.Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess the relative short- and long-term mortality risk of TS , ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non STEMI (NSTEMI) and to identify predictors of in-hospital complications and poor prognosis in patients with TS.Methods: Using the nationwide Swedish Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) we identified almost all (n=117,720) patients who underwent coronary angiography due to TS (N=2,898 [2.5%]), STEMI (N=48,493 [41.2%]) or NSTEMI (N=66,329 [56.3%]) in Sweden between January 2009 and February 2018.Results: Patients with TS were more often women as compared with patients with STEMI or NSTEMI. TS was associated with unadjusted and adjusted 30-day mortality risks lower than STEMI (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]0.48-0.76, p<0.001), but higher than NSTEMI (adjHR 2.70, 95% CI 2.14-3.41, p<0.001). Compared to STEMI, TS was associated with similar risk of acute heart failure (adjHR 1.26, 95% CI 0.91–1.76, p=0.16) but lower risk of cardio-genic shock (adjHR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–0.89, p=0.02). The relative 30-day mortality risk for TS versus STEMI and NSTEMI was higher for smokers than non-smokers (adjusted pinteractionSTEMI=0.01 and pinteractionNSTEMI=0.01).Conclusion: Thirty-day mortality in TS was higher than in NSTEMI but lower than STEMI, despite a similar risk of acute heart failure in TS and STEMI. Among patients with TS, smoking was an independent predictor of mortality
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