| 1. |
- Andreasen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Successful DNA amplification of a more than 200-year-old herbarium specimen : recovering genetic material from the Linnaean era
- 2009
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 58:3, s. 959-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limit for successful DNA extraction was tested by amplification and sequencing of an over 200-year-old herbarium specimen collected by Adam Afzelius, a student of Carl Linnaeus. We amplified and sequenced a 800-bp region between 16S ribosomal DNA and the 3′ part of the trnI gene (16S-trnI) in the chloroplast genomeof Phaulopsis talbotii S. Moore (Acanthaceae). To test the replicability and to control for contamination the procedure was performed in sealed vials and with negative PCR controls. The procedure was also repeated in a separate laboratory. In addition, the chloroplast rpl16 intron was successfully amplified and sequenced and the rps16 intron amplified. Sequences of taxa closely related to Acanthaceae were found to be most similar to the produced sequences. The results suggest that molecular investigations of other 18th century botanical collections are feasible and that molecular methods could be employed for comparative studies to extant plant collections. An important application would be to identify descendants or clones of Linnaean lectotypes by comparing DNA from these with potentially remnant plants from Linnaeus’ cultivations.
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| 2. |
- Andriambololonera, Sylvie Renée, et al.
(författare)
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Mussaendeae-Sabiceeae clade (subfamily Ixoroideae)
- 2022
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Ingår i: The new Natural History of Madagascar. - USA : Princeton University Press. ; , s. 756-758
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andriamihajarivo, Tefy H., et al.
(författare)
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Phyllopentas flava (Rubiaceae), a New Morphologically Heterodistylous and Functionally Dioecious Species from Madagascar
- 2011
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Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 36:4, s. 1024-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new species of the Afro-Malagasy genus Phyllopentas Karehed & B. Bremer, Phyllopentas flava Razafim., T. Andriam. et Karehed, is described and illustrated. This plant is restricted to the Itremo region in southeastern Madagascar and is distinct morphologically from the other species of the genus by its pubescent, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic leaves, grey-whitish and thickly hairy midribs and secondary veins on the lower surfaces of leaves, and functionally dioecious and heterodistylous flowers. Summaries of distribution, phenology, habitat, and ecology are given and a conservation assessment is also provided.
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| 4. |
- Appelhans, Marc S., et al.
(författare)
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Age and historical biogeography of the pantropically distributed Spathelioideae (Rutaceae, Sapindales)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 39:7, s. 1235-1250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The family Rutaceae (rue family) is the largest within the eudicot order Sapindales and is distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of both the New World and the Old World, with a few genera in temperate zones. The main objective of this study is to present molecular dating and biogeographical analyses of the subfamily Spathelioideae, the earliest branching clade (which includes eight extant genera), to interpret the temporal and spatial origins of this group, ascertaining possible vicariant patterns and dispersal routes and inferring diversification rates through time. Location Pantropics. Methods A dataset comprising a complete taxon sampling at generic level (83.3% at species level) of Spathelioideae was used for a Bayesian molecular dating analysis (beast). Four fossil calibration points and an age constraint for Sapindales were applied. An ancestral area reconstruction analysis utilizing the dispersalextinctioncladogenesis model and diversification rate analyses was conducted. Results Dating analyses indicate that Rutaceae and Spathelioideae are probably of Late Cretaceous origin, after which Spathelioideae split into a Neotropical and a Palaeotropical lineage. The Palaeotropical taxa have their origin inferred in Africa, with postulated dispersal events to the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands, Madagascar and Southeast Asia. The lineages within Spathelioideae evolved at a relatively constant diversification rate. However, abrupt changes in diversification rates are inferred from the beginning of the Miocene and during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. Main conclusions The geographical origin of Spathelioideae probably lies in Africa. The existence of a Neotropical lineage may be the result of a dispersal event at a time in the Late Cretaceous when South America and Africa were still quite close to each other (assuming that our age estimates are close to the actual ages), or by Gondwanan vicariance (assuming that our age estimates provide minimal ages only). Separation of land masses caused by sea level changes during the Pliocene and Pleistocene may have been triggers for speciation in the Caribbean genus Spathelia.
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| 5. |
- Appelhans, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny, evolutionary trends and classification of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade : morphological and molecular insights
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 107:8, s. 1259-1277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims The Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade is a group of morphologically diverse plants that have been classified together as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies. The clade is currently included in Rutaceae and recognized at a subfamilial level (Spathelioideae) despite the fact that most of its genera have traditionally been associated with other families and that there are no obvious morphological synapomorphies for the clade. The aim of the present study is to construct phylogenetic trees for the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade and to investigate anatomical characters in order to decide whether it should be kept in Rutaceae or recognized at the familial level. Anatomical characters were plotted on a cladogram to help explain character evolution within the group. Moreover, phylogenetic relationships and generic limits within the clade are also addressed. Methods A species-level phylogenetic analysis of the Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade based on five plastid DNA regions (rbcL, atpB, trnL-trnF, rps16 and psbA-trnH) was conducted using Bayesian, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Leaf and seed anatomical characters of all genera were (re) investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Key Results With the exception of Spathelia, all genera of the Spathelila-Ptaeroxylon clade are monophyletic. The typical leaf and seed anatomical characters of Rutaceae were found. Further, the presence of oil cells in the leaves provides a possible synapomorphy for the clade. Conclusions The Spathelia-Ptaeroxylon clade is well placed in Rutaceae and it is reasonable to unite the genera into one subfamily (Spathelioideae). We propose a new tribal classification of Spathelioideae. A narrow circumscription of Spathelia is established to make the genus monophyletic, and Sohnreyia is resurrected to accommodate the South American species of Spathelia. The most recent common ancestor of Spathelioideae probably had leaves with secretory cavities and oil cells, haplostemonous flowers with appendaged staminal filaments, and a tracheidal tegmen.
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| 6. |
- Atalahy, Anselme M., et al.
(författare)
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Nouvelles espèces du genre Pyrostria (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae) de Madagascar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Candollea. - : Society of Conservatoire at Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Geneve. - 0373-2967 .- 2235-3658. ; 76:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the course of a taxonomic revision of the genus Pyrostria Comm. ex Juss. (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae) in Madagascar, we describe five new species endemic from the Island: Pyrostria ambohitantelensis Atalahy, Rakotonas. & Razafim., Pyrostria ambrensis Atalahy, Rakotonas. & Razafim., Pyrostria betsomangensis Atalahy, Rakotonas. & Razafim., Pyrostria coriacea Atalahy, Rakotonas. & Razafim. and Pyrostria longicorollata Atalahy, Rakotonas. & Razafim. Each new species is provided with line drawings, a discussion on its morphological affinities and a risk of extinction assessment based on the IUCN Red List criteria.
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| 7. |
- Atalahy, Anselme, et al.
(författare)
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Un nouveau nom dans la tribu des Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) de Madagascar
- 2020
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Ingår i: Candollea. - 0373-2967 .- 2235-3658. ; 75:1, s. 71-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A variety of the Malagasy genus Canthium Lam. (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae), Canthium perrieri var. louvelii Cavaco, is transferred to the genus Pyrostria Comm. ex Juss. because, like the typical variety already transferred in this genus, it shares its distinctive characters (inflorescences or solitary flowers involucrate). This taxon is further raised to species level, as it is morphologically distinct from Pyrostria perrieri (Cavaco) Razafim. et al. We provide the necessary new replacement name: Pyrostria orientalis A. Atalahy, Rakotanas. & Razafim., since the epithet louvelii is already occupied in Pyrostria.
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| 8. |
- Bengtson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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New subtribal and generic limits in the tribe Athroismeae (Asteraceae) and further disintegration of the subtribe Madagasterinae of the tribe Astereae
- 2024
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Ingår i: Willdenowia. - 0511-9618 .- 1868-6397. ; 54:1, s. 103-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Astereae subtribe Madagasterinae (Asteraceae) sensu Nesom encompassing four Malagasy genera (Apodocephala, Madagaster, Rochonia and Vernoniopsis) is polyphyletic, as Apodocephala is a member of the Malagasy subtribe Lowryanthina of the tribe Athroismeae. While Madagaster was shown to belong to Astereae, the phylogenetic positions of Rochonia and Vernoniopsis (now Jalantzia) in this tribe remained to be tested with molecular data. Lowryanthinae presently contains Apodocephala with nine species and the monospecific Lowryanthus. The monophyly of Apodocephala remained to be assessed using a comprehensive sampling. The aims were to: (1) assess the phylogenetic placements of Rochonia and Jalantzia (Vernoniopsis) and test the monophyly of Jalantzia; (2) assess phylogenetic relationships within Lowryanthinae; and (3) re-assess the subtribal and generic limits within the tribe Athroismeae. New phylogenetic analyses based on plastid sequence data confirmed the position of Rochonia in Astereae. Jalantzia (Vernoniopsis) was resolved as sister to the subtribe Lowryanthinae and therefore transferred to Athroismeae. A new subtribe, Jalantziinae, is described to accommodate Jalantzia. Apodocephala is paraphyletic with respect to Lowryanthus, which is formally merged with Apodocephala. A description of the emended subtribe Madagasterinae containing Madagaster and Rochonia is presented.
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| 9. |
- Bengtson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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The Malagasy enigmatic genus Apodocephala (Asteraceae), a new member of the tribe Athroismeae
- 2021
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Ingår i: Willdenowia. - : Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin. - 0511-9618 .- 1868-6397. ; 51:2, s. 221-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apodocephala is a small genus of nine species of shrubs and trees endemic to Madagascar and currently classified in the tribe Astereae (Asteraceae). However, its present tribal position has been questioned, as it lacks some of the salient morphological features of that tribe. This study includes for the first time DNA sequences from Apodocephala (two species including the type of the generic name) to test its phylogenetic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from nuclear ribosomal (ETS and ITS) and plastid (ndhF and trnL–trnF) DNA regions, using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods, strongly reject the placement of Apodocephala in the Astereae. Our results, instead, support its position as sister to the Malagasy monospecific genus Lowryanthus within the tribe Athroismeae. Morphological comparison of these sister genera reveal similarities in cypsela morphology, and the inclusion of Apodocephala in the subtribe Lowryanthinae is proposed here. The tribe Athroismeae is now represented by ten genera (Anisochaeta, Anisopappus, Apodocephala, Artemisiopsis, Athroisma, Blepharispermum, Centipeda, Leucoblepharis, Lowryanthus and Symphyllocarpus), six of which occur in Madagascar. The Malagasy Athroismeae occur in all Malagasy terrestrial ecosystems (rainforests, deciduous dry forests, thicket spiny forests and savannas) and are likely the result of multiple independent colonization events mostly from mainland Africa.
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| 10. |
- Blanco-Gavaldà, Carme, et al.
(författare)
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Repeatedly Northwards and Upwards: Southern African Grasslands Fuel the Colonization of the African Sky Islands in Helichrysum (Compositae)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plants. ; 12:2213, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Afromontane and Afroalpine areas constitute some of the main biodiversity hotspots of Africa. They are particularly rich in plant endemics, but the biogeographic origins and evolutionary processes leading to this outstanding diversity are poorly understood. We performed phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses of one of the most species-rich plant genera in these mountains, Helichrysum (Compositae-Gnaphalieae). Most previous studies have focused on Afroalpine elements of Eurasian origin, and the southern African origin of Helichrysum provides an interesting counterexample. We obtained a comprehensive nuclear dataset from 304 species ( 50% of the genus) using target-enrichment with the Compositae1061 probe set. Summary-coalescent and concatenation approaches combined with paralog recovery yielded congruent, well-resolved phylogenies. Ancestral range estimations revealed that Helichrysum originated in arid southern Africa, whereas the southern African grasslands were the source of most lineages that dispersed within and outside Africa. Colonization of the tropical Afromontane and Afroalpine areas occurred repeatedly throughout the Miocene–Pliocene. This timing coincides with mountain uplift and the onset of glacial cycles, which together may have facilitated both speciation and intermountain gene flow, contributing to the evolution of the Afroalpine flora.
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| 11. |
- Borbar, Firouzeh, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic re‑assessment of the delimitation of Plocama and its species relationships and limits (Rubiaceae, Putorieae): resurrection of the monospecific genus Aitchisonia and a description of trib. nov. Aitchisonieae
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. ; 308:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monospecific genus Aitchisonia (Rubiaceae), a suffrutescent plant endemic to Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan, was merged in the genus Plocama of the monogeneric tribe Putorieae sensu Backlund et al. (Spermacoceae alliance, subfamily Rubioideae). This decision was based on the phylogenetic placement of the specimen Rafei and Zangooei 25651 (FUMH) erroneously identified as Aitchisonia rosea in Plocama. This specimen was later correctly re-identified as Plocama dubia, rending the position of Plocama rosea (= Aitchisonia rosea) in Plocama (thus Putorieae) doubtful. We reconstructed a new phylogeny of Spermacoceae alliance based on trnL-F and nrITS sequence data and using the Bayesian method to: 1) assess the phylogenetic placement of P. rosea within Rubioideae, using new material from Iran; 2) pinpoint the phylogenetic positions of Plocama asperuliformis, P. crucianelloides, P. dezfulensis, P. ehrendorferi, P. kandaharensis, P. szowitsii, and P. vassilczenkoi; and 3) re-assess the monophyly of Plocama bruguieri and P. eriantha. The trnL-F and nrITS trees further support the monophyly of the Rubieae complex, but were not fully congruent. The trnL-F tree resolved Plocama rosea as sister to tribe Rubieae (including Kelloggia), while the nrITS tree was inconclusive. We described a new monogeneric tribe Aitchisonieae to accommodate P. rosea. Our nrITS analysis resolved Plocama crucianelloides in the Plocama Middle-Eastern clade and P. asperuliformis, P. dezfulensis, P. ehrendorferi, P. kandaharensis, P. szowitsii, and P. vassilczenkoi in the Plocama Central-Asian clade, both sensu Rincón-Barrado et al. The non-monophyly of P. bruguieri and P. eriantha is confirmed.
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| 12. |
- Borges, Rodrigo Lopes, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Neotropical element of the Randia clade (Gardenieae, Rubiaceae, Gentianales)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Agentschap Plantentuin Meise. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 458-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims – Generic limits of the tropical tribe Gardenieae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) have partly remained unsettled. We produced a new phylogeny of the Randia clade, with emphasis on its Neotropical clade comprising five genera (Casasia, Randia, Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinctanthus, and Tocoyena). The result was subsequently used to evaluate and discuss: a) the respective monophyly of the above-mentioned genera and their interrelationships; b) relationships within Tocoyena and the evolutionary relevance of its subgeneric classification; and c) the monophyly of the morphologically variable T. formosa.Material and methods – We examined the phylogeny of the Randia clade based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of sequence data from two nuclear (ETS and Xdh) and two plastid (petB-petD and trnT-F) DNA regions from 59 individuals (including seven representatives from the remaining Ixoroideae).Key results – The Neotropical clade of the Randia clade comprises three major lineages, the Randia armata subclade, the Randia-Casasia subclade and the Rosenbergiodendron subclade. Neither Casasia nor Randia is monophyletic. Tocoyena is sister to Rosenbergiodendron + Sphinctanthus and is subdivided into three lineages: the Tocoyena pittieri group, the Tocoyena guianensis group, and the core Tocoyena. Tocoyena williamsii is paraphyletic with respect to T. pittieri. Tocoyena formosa is polyphyletic and should be re-circumscribed.Conclusions – Our results demonstrate the monophyly of each of the relatively species-poor genera Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinctanthus, and Tocoyena, and confirm their close affinity. The serial classification of Tocoyena does not reflect the evolutionary history of the genus. The paraphyly of T. williamsii with respect to T. pittieri, together with their morphological similarities and geographic distributions, support the inclusion of the former in the latter. Our study calls for additional phylogenetic work on Casasia and the more species-rich genus Randia. While the respective monophyly of both genera is rejected here, future work with a broader representation of Randia is needed.
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| 13. |
- Buerki, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and circumscription of Sapindaceae revisited : molecular sequence data, morphology and biogeography support recognition of a new family, Xanthoceraceae
- 2010
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Agentschap Plantentuin Meise. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 143:2, s. 148-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Recent studies have adopted a broad definition of Sapindaceae that includes taxa traditionally placed in Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae, achieving monophyly but yielding a family difficult to characterize and for which no obvious morphological synapomorphy exists. This expanded circumscription was necessitated by the finding that the monotypic, temperate Asian genus Xanthoceras, historically placed in Sapindaceae tribe Harpullieae, is basal within the group. Here we seek to clarify the relationships of Xanthoceras based on phylogenetic analyses using a dataset encompassing nearly 3/4 of sapindaceous genera, comparing the results with information from morphology and biogeography, in particular with respect to the other taxa placed in Harpullieae. We then re-examine the appropriateness of maintaining the current broad, morphologically heterogeneous definition of Sapindaceae and explore the advantages of an alternative family circumscription. Methods Using 243 samples representing 104 of the 142 currently recognized genera of Sapindaceae s. lat. (including all in Harpullieae), sequence data were analyzed for nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, rpoB, trnD-trnT, trnK-matK, trnL-trnF and trnS-trnG) markers, adopting the methodology of a recent family-wide study, performing single-gene and total evidence analyses based on maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) criteria, and applying heuristic searches developed for large datasets, viz, a new strategy implemented in RAxML (for ML) and the parsimony ratchet (for MP). Bootstrap analyses were performed for each method to test for congruence between markers. Key results Our findings support earlier suggestions that Harpullieae are polyphyletic: Xanthoceras is confirmed as sister to all other sampled taxa of Sapindaceae s. lat.; the remaining members belong to three other clades within Sapindaceae s. lat., two of which correspond respectively to the groups traditionally treated as Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae, together forming a clade sister to the largely tropical Sapindaceae s. str., which is monophyletic and morphologically coherent provided Xanthoceras is excluded. Conclusion To overcome the difficulties of a broadly circumscribed Sapindaceae, we resurrect the historically recognized temperate families Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae, and describe a new family, Xanthoceraceae, thus adopting a monophyletic and easily characterized circumscription of Sapindaceae nearly identical to that used for over a century.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Davis, Aaron, et al.
(författare)
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Nomenclatural changes in the genus Bremeria (Rubiaceae)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Blumea - Journal of plant taxonomy and plant geography. - 0006-5196 .- 2212-1676. ; 56:1, s. 4-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five new combinations are made in the genus Bremeria: B. arachnocarpa, B. eriantha, B. scabrella, B. landia var. holosericea, and B. landia var. stadmanii. Bremeria gerrardii is conspecific with Gaertnera phanerophlebia, and thus excluded from Bremeria. Lectotypes are designated for Mussaenda erectiloba var. scabrella, M. stadmanii, and M. trichophlebia.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- De Block, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 64:1, s. 79-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first phylogenetic study focused on the Pavetteae, one of the most species-rich and morphologically diverse tribes within the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Fifteen of the 17 currently recognized genera, represented by 85 taxa, were sequenced for rps16, trnT-F and ITS and analysed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The monophyly of the Pavetteae is confirmed. Four major lineages are identified, but their phylogenetic relationships are not fully resolved. The continental African genera Rutidea, Nichallea and Tennantia, the Madagascan genera Homollea and Robbrechtia, and the paleotropical genus Pavetta are monophyletic. Other genera are paraphyletic in their current circumscriptions and the following changes are made: Homolliella is placed in synonymy with Paracephaelis, and Coleactina and Dictyandra with Leptactina, resulting in four new combinations. The large paleotropical genus Tarenna is shown not to be monophyletic. In the future, the name Tarenna should not be used for continental African species. Most of these could be transferred to the hitherto monospecific genus Cladoceras, but other species might constitute altogether new genera. The relationship between the monophyletic Asian-Pacific and Madagascan Tarenna species remains unclear. The phylogeny of the Madagascan genera of the Pavetteae is largely unresolved and the largest Madagascar-centred genus Coptosperma was not recovered as monophyletic. The low resolution for the Madagascan taxa can be considered as an indication of rapid radiation. Further molecular and morphological studies are necessary to clarify the phylogeny of the Pavetteae, especially regarding the African Tarenna species and the Madagascan genera of the tribe.
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| 18. |
- De Block, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Tarennella, a new Pavetteae (Rubiaceae) genus from eastern Madagascar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Agentschap Plantentuin Meise. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:1, s. 87-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background – This contribution is part of an ongoing study on the taxonomy and the phylogenetic relationships of the Malagasy representatives of the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae).Material and methods – Taxonomic methods follow normal practice of herbarium taxonomy. A molecular study using the plastid markers rps16, trnT-F, petD, and accD-psa1, the nuclear ribosomal marker ITS and the nuclear MADS-box gene marker PI was executed.Key results – Five new species are described from littoral, lowland, or mid-elevation humid forests in eastern Madagascar. They are characterized by compact inflorescences with small, sessile flowers, a densely pubescent style, large placentas with 2–3 immersed ovules, seeds with a small, superficial hilum not surrounded by a thickened annulus, and pollen grains with supratectal elements. The phylogenetic tree, which included three of the five new species, showed an unresolved backbone but high support for distal nodes grouping species. The new species form a distinct monophyletic clade among the other Malagasy Pavetteae genera and are recognised at genus level under the name Tarennella. Provisional IUCN Red List assessments show that Tarennella homolleana is Vulnerable, T. cordatifolia and T. sanguinea are Endangered, T. puberula is Critically Endangered, and T. coronata is Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct).
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- De Block, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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The Vanguerieae alliance (subfamily Ixoroideae)
- 2022
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Ingår i: The new Natural History of Madagascar. - USA : Princeton University Press. ; , s. 762-764
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ferm, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Paracarphalea, a new genus of the coffee family segregated from the Malagasy endemic genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae, Knoxieae)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - Magnolia Press : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 263:2, s. 98-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Malagasy genus Carphalea (Rubiaceae) consists of six species (C. angulata, C. cloiselii, C. kirondron, C. linearifolia, C. madagascariensis, C. pervilleana) of shrubs or small trees and is recognizable by a distinctly lobed calyx, 2(–4)-locular ovaries, each locule with several ovules on a rod-like stalk arising from the base of the locule, and indehiscent fruits. Carphalea linearifolia, rediscovered in 2010, has not previously been included in any Rubiaceae molecular phylogenetic studies. We re-investigated the monophyly of Carphalea using sequence data from chloroplast (rps16 and trnT-F) and nuclear (ITS and ETS) markers analysed with parsimony and Bayesian methods. Carphalea linearifolia forms a clade with C. cloiselii and the type species C. madagascariensis. This clade is sister to a clade consisting of the rest of the Carphalea species plus the genus Triainolepis. According to these results, the new genus Paracarphalea is here described to accommodate Carphalea angulata, C. kirondron, and C. pervilleana. Theconservation status of Carphalea linearifolia is assessed as critically endangered according to IUCN criteria.
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| 23. |
- Ginter, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic affinities of Myrioneuron and Cyanoneuron, generic limits of the tribe Argostemmateae and description of a new Asian tribe, Cyanoneuroneae (Rubiaceae)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 64:2, s. 286-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Argostemmateae (Rubiaceae, subfam. Rubioideae) are a mostly tropical Asian group of about 200 species currently classified in four morphologically distinct genera (Argostemma, Mouretia, Mycetia, Neohymenopogon). The monophyly of the tribe and Mycetia is strongly supported by molecular data, however, the tropical Asian genus Myrioneuron, traditionally associated with Mycetia based on its berry fruits, has not previously been investigated. The Bornean and Sulawesian genus Cyanoneuron, described based on the species of Myrioneuron with drupaceous fruits, had not been sequenced. Therefore, the phylogenetic positions of Cyanoneuron and Myrioneuron within Rubiaceae and their generic status have yet to be assessed with molecular data. These genera have tentatively been placed in tribe Spermacoceae (Rubioideae). We reconstructed a robust phylogeny of Rubioideae with sequence data from five plastid regions of 176 accessions and using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo and parsimony methods. Once the positions of Cyanoneuron and Myrioneuron were revealed, a robust phylogeny of the Spermacoceae alliance was reconstructed with the combined plastid and nuclear data (nrETS, nrITS) from 61 accessions to reassess its tribal limits. Mycetia and Myrioneuron are non-monophyletic and intermixed, and formed a well-supported clade diagnosed by berry fruits. We formally transfer Myrioneuron to Mycetia (older name), and present nine new combinations in the latter genus. Cyanoneuron was resolved with high support as monophyletic, and appears to be closely related to the Chinese monogeneric tribes Foonchewieae and Dunnieae. A new tribe Cyanoneuroneae is described to accommodate Cyanoneuron. This tribe is morphologically distinct from related tribes by its stipules apically divided into multiple linear segments, condensed-cymose inflorescences and drupe-like fruits with numerous small seeds. A new key to the genera of Argostemmateae is provided.
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| 24. |
- Huang, Wei-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct Mitchella and its close relative Damnacanthus (Rubiaceae, Mitchelleae)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 171:2, s. 395-412
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitchella is a small genus of the Rubiaceae with only two species. It is the only herbaceous semishrub of the family showing a disjunct distribution in eastern Asia and eastern North America, extending to Central America. Its phylogeny and biogeographical diversification remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses for Mitchella and its close relative Damnacanthus based on sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and four plastid markers (rbcL, atpB-rbcL, rps16 and trnL-F). Mitchella is monophyletic, consisting of an eastern Asian M. undulata clade and a New World M. repens clade. Our results also support Michella as the closest relative to the eastern Asian Damnacanthus. The divergence time between the two intercontinental disjunct Mitchella species was dated to 7.73 Mya, with a 95% highest posterior density (HPD) of 3.14-12.53 Mya, using the Bayesian relaxed clock estimation. Ancestral area reconstructions suggest that the genus originated in eastern Asia. The semishrub Mitchella appears to have arisen from its woody ancestor in eastern Asia and then migrated to North America via the Bering land bridge in the late Miocene.
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| 25. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, et al.
(författare)
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Chapelieria magna, a new species of Rubiaceae from eastern Madagascar
- 2015
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Ingår i: PhytoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-2011 .- 1314-2003. ; 44, s. 89-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new species of Chapelieria was discovered during a recent field trip to the Masoala National Park in eastern Madagascar, and is described here as Chapelieria magna Kainul., sp. nov. This species is readily distinguishable from previously described species of the genus by its quadrangular shoots, triangular-calyptrate stipules, sessile leaves, pubescent styles, and ridged fruits. It also differs in the larger number of ovules and the much larger size of leaves and fruits.
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| 26. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, 1978-
(författare)
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Evolution and biodiversity of the Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae)
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The phylogenetic relationships within subfamily Ixoroideae of the coffee family are investigated by phylogenetic reconstruction of molecular data, including regions of the chloroplast DNA (matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16, trnH-psbA, trnS-G, and trnT-F), and the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS). The evolution of morphological characters within the group are inferred, with focus on characters used in classification. Ixoroideae have primarily been characterized by secondary pollen presentation, contorted corolla aestivation, and fleshy fruits. Secondary pollen presentation appears synapomorhic of a clade comprising the Ixoroideae crown group together with Retiniphyllum, whereas contorted corolla aestivation has evolved earlier and is synapomorphic for the crown group, Retiniphyllum, and Steenisia. Capsules likely represent a plesiomorphy from which various dry or fleshy indehiscent fruits have evolved independently in different clades. Reductions in seed number have also occured in many clades, none of which shows a secondary increase in the number of seeds. Within Ixoroideae, the phylogeny and tribal delimitations of Alberteae and Condamineeae are studied in more detail. The former appears restricted to Alberta, Nematostylis, and Razafimandimbisonia, a new genus described here. The Condamineeae are a diverse tribe largely unresolved in previous molecular phylogenetic studies. Our results support a synonymization of both Calycophylleae and Hippotideae, because these are nested within the Condamineeae. Ancestral state reconstructions indicate that intrapetiolar stipules, poricidal anthers, and protogyny, otherwise uncommon characters in Rubiaceae, all have evolved more than once in the Condamineeae. The rare genera Jackiopsis, Glionnetia, and Trailliaedoxa previously not included in molecular phylogenetic analyses, are all found nested within the Ixoroideae, and their systematic positions are discussed. The genera Bathysa, Calycophyllum, Elaeagia, and Rustia do not appear monophyletic. Consequently, resurrections of the names Holtonia, Schizocalyx, and Semaphyllanthe, and synonymizations of Phitopis (as Schizocalyx) and Tresanthera (as Rustia) are proposed. Also proposed are five new tribal names for clades that are not associated with any previously described tribes in the phylogenetic hypotheses presented.
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| 27. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Island hopping, long-distance dispersal and species radiation: historical biogeography of the Coffeeae alliance (Rubiaceae)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 44, s. 1966-1979
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The Western Indian Ocean region (WIOR) is home to a very diverse and largely unique flora that has mainly originated via long-distance dispersals. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the origins of the WIOR biodiversity and to understand the dynamics of colonization events between the islands. We investigate spatial and temporal hypotheses of the routes of dispersal, and compare the dispersal patterns of plants of the Coffeeae alliance (Rubiaceae) and their dispersers. Rubiaceae is the second most species-rich plant family in Madagascar, and includes many endemic genera. The neighbouring archipelagos of the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles also harbour several endemic Rubiaceae.Location. The islands of the Western Indian Ocean.Methods. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were reconstructed from plastid DNA data of an ingroup sample of 340 species, using Bayesian inference. Ancestral areas and range evolution history were inferred by a maximum likelihood method that takes topological uncertainty into account.Results. At least 15 arrivals to Madagascar were inferred, the majority of which have taken place within the last 10 Myr. Most dispersal events were supported as being from mainland Africa, but Catunaregam may have dispersed from Asia. Although most Coffeeae alliance lineages are zoochorous, the general pattern of dispersals from Africa is incongruent with the biogeographic origins of the extant Malagasy volant frugivores. Several out-of-Madagascar dispersals were inferred to the neighbouring islands, as well as back-colonizations of Africa.Main conclusions. The African flora has been of foremost importance as source of dispersal to the islands of the Western Indian Ocean. Following the colonization of Madagascar, rapid radiations appear to have taken place in some clades, and Madagascar has also been an important source area for subsequent dispersal to the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles.
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| 28. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, et al.
(författare)
-
Island hopping, long-distance dispersal and species radiation in the Western Indian Ocean : historical biogeography of the Coffeeae alliance (Rubiaceae)
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 44:9, s. 1966-1979
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The Western Indian Ocean region (WIOR) is home to a very diverse and largely unique flora that has mainly originated via long-distance dispersals. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the origins of the WIOR biodiversity and to understand the dynamics of colonization events between the islands. We investigate spatial and temporal hypotheses of the routes of dispersal, and compare the dispersal patterns of plants of the Coffeeae alliance (Rubiaceae) and their dispersers. Rubiaceae is the second most species-rich plant family in Madagascar, and includes many endemic genera. The neighbouring archipelagos of the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles also harbour several endemic Rubiaceae.Location The islands of the Western Indian Ocean.Methods Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times were reconstructed from plastid DNA data of an ingroup sample of 340 species, using Bayesian inference. Ancestral areas and range evolution history were inferred by a maximum likelihood method that takes topological uncertainty into account.Results At least 15 arrivals to Madagascar were inferred, the majority of which have taken place within the last 10 Myr. Most dispersal events were supported as being from mainland Africa, but Catunaregam may have dispersed from Asia. Although most Coffeeae alliance lineages are zoochorous, the general pattern of dispersals from Africa is incongruent with the biogeographic origins of the extant Malagasy volant frugivores. Several out-of-Madagascar dispersals were inferred to the neighbouring islands, as well as back-colonizations of Africa.Main conclusions The African flora has been of foremost importance as source of dispersal to the islands of the Western Indian Ocean. Following the colonization of Madagascar, rapid radiations appear to have taken place in some clades, and Madagascar has also been an important source area for subsequent dispersal to the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles.
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| 29. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
New taxonomic combinations in West Indian Ocean Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 282:4, s. 267-272
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides new combinations for two species endemic to the Seychelles, Canthium carinatum and C. sechellarum, which are transferred to Peponidium (tribe Vanguerieae, Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae), as supported by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. Several new combinations in Vanguerieae from Madagascar are also proposed, based on morphological studies. Canthium bakerianum and C. homolleanum are transferred to Peponidium, whereas C. andringitrense, C. mandrarense, and Peponidium montana are transferred to Pyrostria. The names Pyrostria angustifolia, P. media, and P. major, previously invalid, are here validly published.
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| 30. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogenetic relationships and new tribal delimitations in subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 173:3, s. 387-406
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subfamily Ixoroideae is one of three major lineages in Rubiaceae, with approximately 4000 species. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have indicated that many genera and tribes previously placed in other subfamilies are better considered as part of Ixoroideae. However, the internal resolution and clade support have generally been low, and several genera found to be nested in the subfamily do not appear to be associated with any described tribe. In order to resolve the phylogeny and assess the tribal delimitations in the expanded Ixoroideae, phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of six plastid DNA regions and a broad sampling of genera from all tribes of the subfamily. In the inferred phylogenetic hypotheses, the tribal relationships were mostly well supported, with Ixoroideae consisting of the Coffeeae and the Vanguerieae alliances as sister groups and a grade comprising Condamineeae, Henriquezieae, Posoquerieae, Retiniphylleae, Sipaneeae and the genus Steenisia. A revised tribal classification, including the description of five new tribes, Airospermeae, Augusteae, Scyphiphoreae, Steenisieae and Trailliaedoxeae, is provided.
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| 31. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Phylogeny and evolution of secondary pollen presentation, corolla aestivation patterns, fruit types, and seed number in the Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae)
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phylogenetic reconstructions using Bayesian and parsimony analyses of six chloroplast DNA region were performed in order to investigate character evolution and tribal relationships within the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae). In the inferred phylogenetic hypotheses, the tribal relationships were mostly well supported, with the subfamily comprised of a crown group of two major sister clades termed the Coffeeae-alliance and Vanguerieae-alliance respectively, and a basal grade comprising Condamineeae, Henriquezieae, Posoquerieae, Retiniphyleae, Sipaneeae, and Steenisia. Five new tribes are here recognized (Airospermeae, Augusteae, Scyphiphoreae, Steenisieae and Trailliaedoxeae). Secondary pollen presentation, corolla aestivation patterns,fruit types, and number of ovules are all characters that have been considered of great importance in the classification of Rubiaceae. Ancestral state reconstructions of these characters using likelihood optimization indicate that secondary pollen presentation is synapomorphic for a clade comprising the Ixoroideae crown group and Retiniphyllum, whereas left-contorted corolla aestivation is synapomorphic for a clade comprising the crown group, Retiniphyllum, and Steenisia. Capsular fruits with numerous seeds are plesiomorphic in Ixoroideae, from which dry or fleshy indehiscent fruits have evolved numerous times independently. Reductions in seed number appears to have occurred within several lineages, none of which show a secondary increase in the number of seeds.
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| 32. |
- Kainulainen, Kent, et al.
(författare)
-
The Coffeeae alliance (subfamily Ixoroideae)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The new Natural History of Madagascar. - USA : Princeton University Press. ; , s. 759-761
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Klackenberg, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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New rare and threatened species of Peponidium and Pyrostria (Rubiaceae, Vanguerieae) from the drylands of Madagascar
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Candollea. - 0373-2967 .- 2235-3658. ; 79:1, s. 53-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four new species of the tribe Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from southern, southwestern and western Madagascar are described and illustrated. Two species belong to the genus Pyrostria Comm. ex Juss.: P. costata Klack. & Razafim. with small leaves and distinctly ribbed pollen presenters and fruits, and P. macrocarpa Klack. & Razafim. characterized by its large, obconical, 5 – 6-lobed fruits. The other two species belong to the Malagasy subendemic genus Peponidium Ar.nes: P. leroyi Klack. & Razafim., characterized by hairy leaves with ciliate margins, sparsely pubescent flowers and ribbed pollen presenters, and P. sessile Klack. & Razafim., distinct by its cordate almost sessile leaves and double-tipped corolla lobes. Risk of extinction assessments for all four species are presented, as well as the respective distribution maps.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Krüger, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Danaideae (Rubiaceae: Rubioideae) : Another example of out-of-Madagascar dispersal
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 61:3, s. 629-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive efforts have been made to resolve the phylogeny of the large coffee family (Rubiaceae) based on molecular data. As a result, several small tribes have been described, but the phylogenies and generic delimitations for many of these groups remain unclear. This study focuses on the small tribe Danaideae that belongs to subfamily Rubioideae and whose generic limits have not previously been addressed with molecular data. It is the sole rubiaceous tribe distributed almost entirely in the Western Indian Ocean region, with the exception of the East African Danais xanthorrhoea. The tribe consists of three genera: Danais, Payera (including the monotypic genus Coursiana), and Schismatoclada. We present the first molecular phylogenetic study of Danaideae including representatives from all three genera and using Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods and sequence data from nuclear DNA (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA (petD, psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnL(UAG), rps16). Our main objectives were to rigorously test the monophyly of Danaideae as currently circumscribed and assess phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. The findings of this study shed light on the colonization history of the tribe. Our analyses reaffirm the monophyly of Danaideae and Danais but reveal the paraphyly of Payera and Schismatoclada. The close relationship between the three Danaideae genera and Coursiana is supported. However, we found very little support for the inclusion of the latter genus in Payera as proposed earlier. The tribe is resolved in two morphologically distinct major lineages, the highly supported Damns clade with lianescent habit (= Danais sensu Buchner & Puff) and the Payera-Schismatoclada clade with arborescent habit. The Malagasy and Mauritian specimens of Danais fragrans are not closely related, and we restrict D. fragrans to the Mauritian taxa and resurrect Danais lyallii Baker to accommodate the Malagasy D. fragrans. According to our analysis. Madagascar is the origin of all species of Danaideae occurring in the Comoro archipelago, East Africa, and Mauritius. The Mauritian and East African Danais each is the result of a single colonization event, while there were at least two independent colonization events to the Comoros.
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| 38. |
- Krüger, Åsa, 1981-
(författare)
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Systematics and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Region Rubiaceae : examples from Danaideae, Hymenodictyeae, and Naucleeae
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the systematics and biogeography of the tribes Danaideae, Hymenodictyeae, and Naucleeae in the angiosperm family Rubiaceae (coffee family), with a special interest in the Western Indian Ocean region (WIOR). The levels of endemism in the WIOR are remarkably high and Madagascar is the largest island surrounded by three main archipelagos with islands of various age and size. Rubiaceae is one of the species-rich families in the region, rendering it a suitable group for addressing evolutionary and biogeographic questions.Danaideae consists of the two Malagasy endemic genera Payera and Schismatoclada, and the WIOR-centered Danais. The monophyly and generic delimitations of the tribe were tested with molecular data. The tribe was strongly supported as monophyletic, and resolved in two well-supported clades: the Danais and Payera-Schismatoclada clade. The ancestor of Danaideae was inferred to have dispersed from continental Africa to Madagascar, where the major diversification of the tribe took place in the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Danais colonized the neighbouring archipelagos between 6.54 and 2.98 Mya, and recolonized continental Africa once.The predominantly Paleotropical sister tribes Hymenodictyeae and Naucleeae belong to the mainly Neotropical subfamily Cinchonoideae. The monophyly of the Hymenodictyeae genera, Hymenodictyon and Paracorynanthe, received strong support. Naucleeae consists of 26 genera divided in seven subtribes. All subtribes were resolved as monophyletic, while seven genera are paraphyletic; as a result, we recognize 17 genera. Both our results and the fossil record support the hypothesis of a boreotropical distribution for the ancestor of the Hymenodictyeae-Naucleeae clade. All dispersal events in the WIOR took place in the Miocene or later. The Malagasy species were the result of separate dispersal events from Africa and Gyrostipula comorensis endemic to the Comoros is the result of a single dispersal event from Madagascar.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lantz, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Three new species of Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar
- 2007
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Ingår i: Adansonia. - 1280-8571 .- 1639-4798. ; 29:1, s. 129-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new species of the tribe Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) from Madagascar aredescribed with illustrations. Two species are placed in Pyrostria, one in Peponi-dium. Peponidium crassifolium is recognized by its thick and slightly succulentleaves, Pyrostria pendula by the pendulous flowers and persistent pedicels, andPyrostria serpentina by a serpentine habit and small leaves. The morphology andtaxonomic history of the dioecious genera of the tribe are discussed.
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| 41. |
- Löfstrand, Stefan D., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships, infrageneric classification and species limits in the Neotropical genus Faramea (Coussareeae: Rubiaceae)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4074 .- 1095-8339. ; 197, s. 478-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Faramea is characterized by white or blue, tetramerous corollas and blue-black, fleshy fruits with a single, large pyrene. Both infrageneric relationships and species boundaries are poorly understood in the genus. This study represents the first broad-scale phylogenetic study of Faramea, with 80 of the c. 170 species sampled, 24 by two or more specimens. We aimed to include specimens representing the entire geographical, morphological and ecological ranges of the genus. Morphological characters historically utilized to delimit infrageneric sections in Faramea (e.g. bract and pyrene forms) were also evaluated. Only one of the currently accepted infrageneric sections was recovered as monophyletic (within a complex of species from other sections) and none of the morphological features traditionally utilized to determine infrageneric relationships in the genus was found to be uniquely diagnostic of a larger clade. Some Faramea lineages appear to be geographically isolated, with several clades containing solely specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest biomes. Of the 24 species represented by at least two specimens, 11 were supported as monophyletic, ten as non-monophyletic and three were not resolved as either monophyletic nor non-monophyletic. The results of the present study constitute a good basis for future studies of taxonomy, biogeography and ecology of Faramea.
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| 42. |
- Löfstrand, Stefan D., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and Generic Delimitations in the Sister Tribes Hymenodictyeae and Naucleeae (Rubiaceae)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 39:1, s. 304-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Hymenodicteae-Naudeeae clade is a predominantly Paleotropical group with 220 species in 28 genera. The phylogertetic relationships and generic limits within Naucleeae have previously been assessed using combined molecular-morphological data, however the status of some genera remains questionable. The evolutionary relationships within Hymenodictyeae have never been investigated before. We performed phylogenetic analyses of the Hymenodictyeae-Naucleeae clade using nuclear [nrETS; nrITS] and chloroplast [ndhF; rbcL; rps16; trnT-F] data and a large sampling of both tribes. Our study supports the monophyly of the tribes, all subtribes of Naucleeae (Adininae, Breoniinae, Cephalanthinae, Corynantheinae, Mitragyninae, Naucleinae, and Uncariinae), and the Hymenodictyeae genera Hymenodictyon and Paracorynanthe. In Naucleeae, the monotypic genera Adinauclea, Metadina, and Pertusadina are nested within Adina, Mitragyna within Fleroya, Ludekia, Myrmeconauclea, and Ochreinauclea within Neonauclea, and Burttdavya and Sarcocephalus within Nauclea. Corynanthe and Pausinystalia are mutually paraphyletic. We provisionally maintain the current generic status of Neonauclea and its allied genera, pending further study. In sum, we recognize 17 genera in Naucleeae: Adina s. l., Breonadia, Breonia, Cephalanthus, Corynanthe s. l., Diyaminauclea, Gyrostipula, Janotia, Khasiaclunea, Ludekia, Mitragyna s. l., Myrmeconauclea, Nauclea s. l., Neolamarckia, Neonauclea, Ochreinauclea, and Uncaria. Five new combinations were made: Adina euryncha, Adina malaccensis, Corynanthe lane-poolei subsp. iturense, Corynanthe talbotii, and Nauclea nyasica.
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| 43. |
- Löfstrand, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of Coussareeae (Rubioideae, Rubiaceae)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 2199-6881 .- 1615-6110. ; 305, s. 293-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coussareeae are a Neotropical clade of morphologically heterogeneous plants in the subfamily Rubioideae of the coffee family (Rubiaceae). The tribe encompasses about 330 species assigned to ten genera: Bradea, Coccocypselum, Coussarea, Cruckshanksia, Declieuxia, Faramea, Heterophyllaea, Hindsia, Oreopolus, and Standleya. Historically, the genera of Coussareeae have rarely been considered closely related, and the widely defined Coussareeae were delimited based on molecular systematics without proposed morphological synapomorphies. In order to assess the tribe’s monophyly, as well as the generic limits, infrageneric relationships, and suprageneric relationships, multiple specimens per genus were sampled whenever possible and analyzed using multiple molecular loci with the Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. The results of the phylogenetic analyses (all genera represented by multiple terminals are monophyletic, all genera are resolved with respect to each other, and three major suprageneric clades are resolved), coupled with herbarium and literature studies, were used to identify potential synapomorphic features. Non-molecular diagnostic features remain elusive for Coussareeae as a whole, but we have identified multiple diagnostic features and potential synapomorphies for each of the three major suprageneric clades: (1) Coussarea and Faramea(e.g., porate pollen grains with annuli bordering the pores); (2) Bradea, Coccocypselum, Declieuxia, Hindsia, and Standleya (e.g., colporate pollen grains with complex reticulate tecta); and 3) Cruckshanksia, Heterophyllaea, and Oreopolus (e.g., chartaceous, loculicidal capsules). The latter clade, distributed in different biomes of the Andes, is sister to the former two, both widely distributed in the Neotropics.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Mouly, Arnaud, et al.
(författare)
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Paraphyly of Ixora and new tribal delimitation of Ixoreae (Rubiaceae): Inference from combined chloroplast (rps16, rbcL and trnT-F) sequence data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. ; 96, s. 146-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of three chloroplast markers: rbcL, rps16, and trnT-F, to rigorously test the monophyly of competing circumscriptions of the tribe Ixoreae. Several genera traditionally or currently associated with the type genus Ixora L. were included in the analyses. Ixora as currently circumscribed appears paraphyletic, as many other genera are nested within it with strong support: Captaincookia N. Halle´, Doricera Verdc., Hitoa Nadeaud, Myonima Comm. ex Juss., Sideroxyloides Jacq., Thouarsiora Homolle ex Are`nes, and Versteegia Valeton. Further, Aleisanthia Ridl., Aleisanthiopsis Tange, and Greenea Wight & Arn. are more closely related to Ixora and allies than the monotypic genus Scyphiphora C. F. Gaertn. Consequently, Ixoreae fide Andreasen and Bremer (2000) is not monophyletic without an exclusion of Scyphiphora. Ixoreae fide Robbrecht and Manen (2006) is not monophyletic unless Captaincookia and Doricera are included. The monophyly of a morphologically heterogeneous Ixoreae alliance consisting of Ixora and its relatives Aleisanthia, Aleisanthiopsis, and Greenea is, however, strongly supported. In order to recognize monophyletic and morphologically consistent groups, we adopt a narrow circumscription of Ixoreae (including Bemsetia Raf., Captaincookia, Charpentiera Vieill., Doricera, Hitoa, Ixora, Myonima, Pancheria Montrouz., Sideroxyloides, Thouarsiora, Tsiangia But, H. H. Hsue & P. T. Li, and Versteegia), and two new tribes are erected for Aleisanthia + Aleisanthiopsis and Greenea, respectively. The Indo-Malesian Aleisanthieae and the pantropical Ixoreae s. str. are sister groups, and the Southeast Asian Greeneeae is sister to the Ixoreae–Aleisanthieae clade.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Mouly, Arnaud, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic structure and clade circumscriptions in the Gardenieae complex (Rubiaceae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 63:4, s. 801-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we investigate the large and diverse Rubiaceae-Gardenieae and closely related tribes Bertiereae, Coffeeae, Cremasporeae, Octotropideae, and Pavetteae. Some of the tribes or groups have been shown to be monophyletic and strongly supported, but the phylogeny of this large complex is still far from being satisfactorily elucidated particularly for Gardenieae, both in terms of intertribal relationships as well as tribal delimitations. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the complex using an extensive sampling of 108 genera and five plastid DNA regions. Phylogenetic relationships demonstrate that Gardenieae sensu Andreasen & Bremer is polyphyletic, as Burchellia, Didymosalpinx, Monosalpinx, and Mantalania are closer to Octotropideae-Cremasporeae. In addition, Pavetteae and the investigated members of Aulacocalyceae are nested in a supported but partially unresolved Gardenieae-Pavetteae clade. Within this clade, several strongly supported groups are resolved: an Aidia group, an Alibertia group, a Gardenia group, Pavetteae including Pelagodendron, a Porterandia group, a Randia group, a Rothmannia group (including Aulacocalyx and Heinsenia), a Sherbournia group, and the two isolated genera Massularia and Schumanniophyton. The latter genus presented a high rate of genetic substitutions, which resulted in perturbations of the phylogenetic reconstruction. A revised tribal circumscription is given for Gardenieae, the Alibertia group is recognized at tribal level as an emended Cordiereae, and a new tribe, Sherbournieae, is described to accommodate the members of the Sherbournia group.
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| 48. |
- Mouly, Arnaud, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and classification of the species-rich pantropical showy genus Ixora (Rubiaceae-Ixoreae) with indications of geographical monophyletic units and hybrids
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 96, s. 686-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species-rich genera often have various conflicting circumscriptions from independent regional fl ora treatments. Testing the monophyly of these groups of plants is an important step toward the establishment of a phylogenetic classifi cation. The genus Ixora of the tribe Ixoreae in the subfamily Ixoroideae (coffee family or Rubiaceae) is a species-rich pantropical genus of ca. 500 species. Phylogenetic analyses of Ixoreae based on combined sequence data from one nuclear (nrETS) and two chloroplast ( rps16 and trnT-F ) markers reveal the paraphyly of Ixora as presently delimited and also show that the tribe can be subdivided into three major clades: the Mascarene/neotropical/Malagasy/African clade, the Pacifi c clade, and the Asian clade. Given the lack of morphological synapomorphies supporting the different Ixora clades and the morphological consistency of the ingroup taxa, we propose a broad circumscription of Ixora including all its satellite genera: Captaincookia , Doricera , Hitoa , Myonima , Sideroxyloides , Thouarsiora, and Versteegia . The current infrageneric classifi cation of Ixora is not supported. The different Ixora subclades represent geographical units. Nuclear and chloroplast tree topologies were partially incongruent, indicating at least four potential natural hybridization events. Other confl icting positions for the cultivated species are most likely due to anthropogenic hybridization.
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| 49. |
- Nylinder, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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From Namib around the world: biogeography of the Inuleae-Plucheinae (Asteraceae)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43, s. 1705-1716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the historical biogeography of the Inuleae–Plucheinae (Asteraceae), a group of arid-adapted plants with partly unresolved generic circumscriptions, in order to understand its origin and spatiotemporal evolutionary history in relation to the Cenozoic climate shifts. Location Global, with highest species diversity in the Southern Hemisphere. The spatiotemporal biogeography of the Plucheinae was estimated by both a discrete method using a set of general distribution areas, and a relaxed random walk based on extant species distributions. The topology was time calibrated using a combination of secondary node ages and secondary derived rates for included loci. Our results indicate the median age of the Plucheinae to be approximately 15.4 Ma. The biogeographical analyses infer an ancestral origin in southern Africa, with the relaxed random walk analysis narrowing the uncertainty down to an area reaching from coastal Namibia to the western Kalahari. Africa was colonized in a (south)western–(north)eastern direction following the spread of arid habitats. Ancestral representatives of the Plucheinae colonized South America on at least three separate occasions (13.0–4.0, 4.3–3.1 and 4.1–3.7 Ma), with one subsequent spread to North America. Australia was colonized three times between 3.6 and 0.4 Ma. Madagascar and the Mascarenes were colonized at least seven times. The origin of the Plucheinae is estimated to the Namib region, with early speciations and radiations concurring with the timing of aridification of southern Africa, following the increase in strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and subsequent formation of the Benguela Upwelling at c. 11.8 Ma. The current biogeographical distribution of the Plucheinae is best explained by several Neogene long-distance dispersal events from tropical Africa.
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| 50. |
- Ordas, Jorge Anton D., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and the evolutionary origins of myrmecophytism in the Neonauclea clade (Rubiaceae) revisited, with particular emphasis on the Philippine lineages
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0378-2697 .- 1615-6110. ; 307:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Australasian Neonauclea is the largest genus of the tribe Naucleeae (subfamily Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae) and is well known for its extensive radiation of myrmecophytic species. The genus is paraphyletic with respect to the genera Ludekia and Myrmeconauclea, and these three genera constitute the Neonauclea clade sensu Löfstrand et al. The Philippines is a center of species diversity of Neonauclea; however, its members have yet to be included in any molecular studies. We produced a phylogeny of the Neonauclea clade based on sequence data from nuclear (ETS and ITS) and plastid (rbcL and trnT-F) markers and including a large sampling of Neonauclea species from the Philippines. The resulting phylogeny was used to assess the phylogenetic positions and relationships of the Philippine Neonauclea species within the Neonauclea clade. We also reassessed the origins of myrmecophytism in the Neonauclea clade using ancestral state reconstructions. The sampled Philippine Neonauclea were resolved in five morphologically and geographically distinct clades. Our ancestral state reconstructions inferred a non-myrmecophytic ancestor for the Neonauclea clade, as shown by Razafimandimbison et al., and suggested at least two independent origins of myrmecophytism, one in myrmecophytic Myrmeconauclea and another in the myrmecophytic Neonauclea species from core Neonauclea. Losses of myrmedomes through multiple evolutionary reversals back to the non-myrmedome condition were inferred within core Neonauclea. Unlike the Bornean myrmecophytic lineages, our results favored a single origin of the Philippine endemic myrmecophytic Neonauclea.
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