| 1. |
- González Díaz, Katya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing conflicting interests : stakeholders’ interpretations of ‘moderation’ in Swedish gambling advertising legislation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Routledge. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On January 1st, 2019, a license-based system allowing online commercial companies to operate and advertise in the Swedish market was introduced. According to the Gambling Act, advertising should be ‘moderate’. Legislative changes are windows of opportunities where stakeholder interpretation and adaption may result in new agenda-setting based on conflicting interests. This article examines how stakeholder groups initially perceived and interpreted this key concept of moderation. Data from semi-structured interviews, seminars and press conferences, as well as policy documents and statements, were analyzed using a framework method approach. Contrary to what is stated in the legislation, stakeholders defined ‘moderation’ in terms of both content and volume. Although industry and media representatives requested further guidance for interpreting ‘moderation’, they favored self-regulation and allowing market consolidation. There was a notable ambivalence within and between stakeholder groups concerning balancing freedom of expression, market protection, consumer protection and public health. In conclusion, legislation is a blunt steering instrument when key concepts are largely left to stakeholders, with opposing interests, to interpret. Our study shows the incremental and interactive character of policy-making, where new legislation resulted in new policy responses. Case law and market consolidation take time and regulatory interventions need to take this into account.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ledberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased risk of death immediately after discharge from compulsory care for substance abuse
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In Sweden, approximately 1000 persons per year are committed to compulsory care for substance abuse for a maximum duration of six months. People admitted to compulsory care are known to suffer high mortality risks, but whether the risk of dying is further heightened immediately after discharge is not known.Methods: Individual data from Swedish national registers were used to follow all persons discharged from a six months compulsory care episode in the period 2000–2017 (N = 7, 929). Based on a competing risks framework including re-admissions to compulsory care or imprisonment, hazard rates were estimated in five non-overlapping time windows covering the first year after discharge.Results: In total, 494 persons died during follow-up, corresponding to an overall mortality rate of 7.1 per 100 person years (95% confidence interval: 6.5, 7.8). The risk was higher for men than for women and increased with age. The risk of dying during the first two weeks after discharge was higher than during the remaining follow-up period – hazard rate ratios comparing the first two weeks with subsequent time windows were between 2.6 (1.3, 5.0) and 3.7 (2.4, 5.9). This heightened risk in close proximity to discharge was only observed for deaths due to external causes, and only for people below the median age of 36 years.Conclusions: The risk of dying immediately after discharge from compulsory care is very high, especially for younger clients, and more efforts should be made to prevent these deaths.
|
|
| 3. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Arguing the case : Committing pregnant substance abusers to compulsory care
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The international journal of alcohol and drug research. - : International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research. - 1925-7066. ; 5:3, s. 131-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To analyse how social services relate to compulsory care legislation in applications for compulsory care for substance abuse in cases involving pregnant women, given that such commitments cannot be made solely for the sake of the fetus/unborn child. Design: Applications for compulsory care to administrative courts involving pregnant women categorized according to how the pregnancy was presented or emphasized. Setting: Compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden. Participants: 116 cases involving 107 individuals who were pregnant at the time of application for commitment to compulsory care between 2000 and 2009. Findings: In 43% of the cases the risks for both the woman and the fetus’/child’s health was emphasized. In 28% of the cases the applications were primarily for the sake of the fetus/child. In 17% of the cases the pregnancy was mentioned in a neutral manner, while in 8% of the cases the fact that the woman was abusing substances during pregnancy was presented as an indication of the severity of the problem. Conclusions: References were commonly made to the interests of the woman and the fetus/child as an entity, but social services also openly claimed the need for commitment primarily for the sake of the child. Arguments also mirrored the debate when legislation was first introduced; for example, that substance abuse during pregnancy is a clear indication of how serious the problem is, and how this situation may be hazardous to the woman’s mental health should she become the cause of severe and irrevocable harm to her child.
|
|
| 4. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Att styra mot noll : Förverkligandet av Nollvisionen i trafiken
- 2023
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedan Nollvisionen antogs av den svenska riksdagen hösten 1997 har dödsfallen i trafiken minskat avsevärt trots en ökad trafikmängd. Nollvisionen anses ha haft en väsentlig betydelse för den utvecklingen.Nollvisionen har även varit framgångsrik i andra avseenden. Den har spridits till ett antal länder och flera andra politikområden. Den har dessutom blivit ett varumärke för Trafikverket och en del av Sverigebilden, med trygghet och säkerhet, entreprenörskap och ingenjörskonst samt samverkan mellan politik, marknad och civilsamhälle som centrala komponenter.Men trots framgångarna fanns redan från starten ett antal spänningar och olösta spörsmål som alltjämt präglar Nollvisions-arbetet. Den här boken handlar om vilka dessa spänningar och konfliktlinjer är och hur de påverkat styrningen mot noll.
|
|
| 5. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in Smoking Rates Among Pregnant Women and the General Female Population in Australia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nicotine & tobacco research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-2203 .- 1469-994X. ; 19:3, s. 282-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Smoking rates have dropped substantially in most developed countries in recent decades. This general trend has, however, not always been evident among women—particularly younger women. Smoking habits do, however, often change in connection with pregnancy and the aim of this study is to determine whether smoking during pregnancy follows general trends in smoking rates in the general female population in four countries with active anti-tobacco policies and decreasing population smoking rates.Methods:Changes in rates of persistent smoking, that is, smoking in late pregnancy or daily smoking among all women of childbearing age were described according to age groups. Data were retrieved from the Australian Household Drug Surveys during 2000–2013 and from registries and surveys in Finland, Norway, and Sweden between 1995 and 2014.Results:In general, persistent smoking has decreased and late-pregnancy smoking rates are lower than daily smoking rates among all women. However, younger women are more likely to be persistent smokers regardless of pregnancy status. In Norway and Finland, persistent smoking was most common among young pregnant women and in Sweden there was an increased polarization between age groups. In Australia, a steady decrease in smoking rates appears to have stalled in younger pregnant women.Conclusion:Although smoking has declined substantially in recent decades, there are groups lagging behind this general trend. Young pregnant women are of particular concern in this respect. The possibility that these findings reflect the changing characteristics of younger pregnant women is discussed.Implications:This study puts recent trends in maternal smoking into a broader context by relating developments to changes in smoking rates among women in general. By using similar data from four countries we were able to follow changes in smoking rates “within” groups of women within the four countries without being limited by methodological problems related to cross-country or inter-group comparisons. We were above all able to show that aggregate data disclose the strong age gradient in maternal smoking habits.
|
|
| 6. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Commitment without confinement : Outpatient compulsory care for substance abuse, and severe mental disorder in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 45, s. 60-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, a person with severe substance abuse or a severe mental disorder may be committed to compulsory care according to two different legislations. Both acts include an option of providing involuntary care outside the premises of an institution - care in other forms (COF) and compulsory community care (CCC), respectively. As co-occurring disorders are commonplace many individuals will be subject to both types of compulsory care. The structures of both legislations and their provisions for compulsory care in the community are therefore scrutinized and compared. Based on a distinction between "least restrictive" or "preventative" schemes the article compares COF and CCC in order to determine whether they serve different purposes. The analysis shows that COF and CCC both share the same avowed aims of reducing time spent in confinement and facilitating transition to voluntary care and the community. But they also serve different purposes, something which is reflected in disparate scopes, eligibility criteria, rules, and practices. Overall, COF was found to be a more "least restrictive" and CCC a more "preventative" scheme. The distinction is associated with COF being an established part of legislation on compulsory care for substance abuse with a universal scope and CCC being a recent addition to compulsory psychiatric care legislation with a selective character.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Like mama always said : Family socio-economic status, maternal attitudes and leader role occupancy in adulthood
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. - 1757-9597. ; , s. 1-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership research has always recognised the importance of childhood factors for the occupation of formal or informal leader positions later in life. Still, empirical research in the field has mainly been based on retrospective accounts from selective and small samples. Such research has also concentrated on individual traits and experiences, less on characteristics of the family. Our aim is to fill this void by prospectively examining the role of the family of origin on educational attainment and holding a managerial position in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Multigenerational Study, including register and survey data, regarding 3,088 males born between 1950 and 1976 and their mothers’ attitudes to education and child-rearing in the late 1960s. Our results showed a significant effect of family socio-economic status (SES) on managerial role occupancy in late adulthood. This effect was mainly mediated through educational level. However, a noteworthy share of the total effect of family SES was channelled through maternal attitudes towards education. Positive attitudes towards education in the home environment accounted for an equally large share of the total indirect effect of family SES as the offspring’s cognitive capacity did. Authoritarian attitudes to child-rearing among mothers were also found to have a negative impact on cognitive capacity and educational level – two well-known antecedents to leader emergence. Parental attitudes may boost or modify structural characteristics and individual traits associated with holding formal leader roles such as a managerial position – but also showed an independent effect several decades later.
|
|
| 10. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Like mama always said : family socio-economic status, maternal attitudes and leader role occupancy in adulthood
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. - : Bristol University Press. - 1757-9597.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership research has always recognised the importance of childhood factors for the occupation of formal or informal leader positions later in life. Still, empirical research in the field has mainly been based on retrospective accounts from selective and small samples. Such research has also concentrated on individual traits and experiences, less on characteristics of the family. Our aim is to fill this void by prospectively examining the role of the family of origin on educational attainment and holding a managerial position in adulthood. Analyses were based on the Stockholm Multigenerational Study, including register and survey data, regarding 3,088 males born between 1950 and 1976 and their mothers' attitudes to education and child-rearing in the late 1960s. Our results showed a significant effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on managerial role occupancy in late adulthood. This effect was mainly mediated through educational level. However, a noteworthy share of the total effect of family SES was channelled through maternal attitudes towards education. Positive attitudes towards education in the home environment accounted for an equally large share of the total indirect effect of family SES as the offspring's cognitive capacity did. Authoritarian attitudes to child-rearing among mothers were also found to have a negative impact on cognitive capacity and educational level - two well-known antecedents to leader emergence. Parental attitudes may boost or modify structural characteristics and individual traits associated with holding formal leader roles such as a managerial position - but also showed an independent effect several decades later.
|
|
| 11. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Negotiating Space in Confined Places : Co-Production of Public Services with Unwilling Users
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration. - : University of Gothenburg. - 2001-7405 .- 2001-7413. ; 23:3-4, s. 61-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An expanding body of research on co-production, participation, co-creation and other forms of user involvement in public services has not sufficiently reflected their coercive nature. Coercion, like persuasion, is a central dimension of public administration and a defining element of, for example, compulsory care. It is, however, seldom properly addressed in the literature on co-production. The aim of this study is twofold; to propose a broadened definition of co-production which more adequately reflects the complexities of human services by distinguishing between users (clients) and consumers (social services), and to investigate the relevance and practice of co-production in a non-voluntary setting. Examples of enhanced, participative, consumer, and user co-production were identified based on organizational and individual data from the Swedish government agency responsible for compulsory care for substance abusers. Forms of user co-production at the operational level were highlighted through client records and administrative data concerning transfers to community care – so called Care in Other Forms (COF). COF placements are intricate processes involving many different stakeholders and the analysis revealed how clients actively partake in negotiations on the terms and content of service delivery. The idiosyncrasies of involuntary human services should be considered in future research on co-production.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 34:2, s. 145-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Studies of drug use during pregnancy have generally focused on individual substances or specific combinations of drugs. The aim of this article is to increase our knowledge about polydrug use and pregnancy in a Nordic context by describing the sociodemographic characteristics of a clinical population of pregnant women with severe substance use, examining the scope and type of polydrug use and analysing factors associated with concurrent use of many, as opposed to a few, drugs. Method: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women on admission to compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden between 2000 and 2009 (n = 119 women, representing 128 pregnancies). Data were retrieved from administrative registers and client records. Univariate links between demographic, social, obstetrical, treatment history variables and polydrug use were examined. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between explanatory variables and polydrug use. Results: The average number of drugs being used concurrently was 2.65, and injection drug use was recorded in 73% of the pregnancies. Opiates and amphetamines were the most common primary drugs, followed by alcohol. The likelihood of polydrug use increased with first trimester pregnancy, planned (as opposed to emergency) committals, as well as the combination of partner substance abuse and injection drug use. Conclusions: Polydrug use was widespread among pregnant substance abusers. Policies, interventions and research often focus on individual drugs separately, but for clinical populations in particular there is a need to address drug use broadly, including a systematic recording of smoking habits. This also entails awarding more attention to those not eligible for established interventions, such as opiate maintenance treatment, and giving more consideration to a variety of life circumstances, such as partner drug use.
|
|
| 14. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Public Servants or Simply (Government) Employees? : Job Advertisements in Two Scandalized Swedish Government Agencies
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Palgrave Handbook of the Public Servant. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030299798 - 9783030299804 ; , s. 1383-1408
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish central government is usually described as dualistic, where ministries are few and small and where the bulk of government activities are handled by a large number of semiautonomous agencies at the national level. Consequently, the Swedish model has been particularly receptive to increasing agencification associated with modern public management reforms, such as the separation of policy formation and policy implementation whereby new agencies are created, and existing agencies are given more autonomy. Since 1994 each government agency is, for example, responsible for developing state employer policies. Unlike many other countries, civil servants have not been recruited through designated elite schools but via the open labor market in competition with other private and public employers. Job advertisements are the most common channel for recruitment, and within are an arena for different institutional logics in which the organization is embedded, such as the logic of the organization, the democratic state, the market, the community, and the profession. Based on these institutional logics, job advertisements for non-stereotypical bureaucrats in two Swedish government agencies are scrutinized. Both agencies were recently involved in scandals in which IT and data security issues were at the center of events, forcing members of staff to emerge as public servants. Job ads for such positions do, however, rather emphasize organizational, professional, and market values, while public values are toned down or presented indirectly.
|
|
| 15. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-
(författare)
-
Substance abuse during pregnancy : a 5-year follow-up of mothers and children
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 26:3, s. 219-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The study investigates health and social conditions among pregnant substance abusers and the children that were born from these pregnancies, and analyses outcomes in relation to type of substance abuse.Methods: Register data concerning 97 pregnant substance abusers and 104 children, at birth and 5 years on, were analysed with descriptive statistics and chi square tests.Results: The women presented a multitude of problems, including low education, substance abusing partners, and elevated smoking rates. Compared with the population, more children were born prematurely and average birth weight was almost 350 g lower. About 14% were diagnosed as being affected by maternal substance abuse. During follow-up, 5 women died and 88% showed continued substance-related mental and health problems. All children survived and 85% experienced placement in out-of-home care. Purchase of psychotropic drugs and mental health problems were more common among women with alcohol as one drug of preference.Conclusions: Parenthood did not represent a turning point for pregnant substance abusers. Comprehensive and persistent support is necessary, but in the short-term, efforts should be made to curb excessive smoking rates. The children faced several disadvantages at birth, but a longer follow-up is required to assess the impact of maternal substance abuse properly.
|
|
| 16. |
- Reitan, Therese, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
We (All) Want You? Perceived Military Leadership Potential and Actual Leadership Role Occupancy in Working Life : A Longitudinal Study of a Swedish Cohort
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Armed forces and society. - : Sage Publications. - 0095-327X .- 1556-0848.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the main tasks of the armed forces is to recruit and select future soldiers and to identify potential officers. However, these procedures may have a wider societal impact beyond the borders of the military organization itself. This study aims to examine how compatible assessments of military leadership potential are with those in the labor market. Using longitudinal data concerning a large cohort of Swedish males who underwent mustering during the early 1970s, we analyzed the association between officer suitability assessments and managerial role occupancy at age 50 to 55, while controlling for socio-demographic factors in childhood and adulthood. We found a high level of predictability, whereby those who were ranked highest were four times more likely to hold managerial positions than those with the lowest ranking. Results are discussed in relation to perceptions about leadership skills and possible institutional isomorphism between the armed forces and other societal organizations.
|
|
| 17. |
- Sannerholm, Richard, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mellan straffrätt, offentligrättslig arbetsrätt och förvaltningspolitik : tjänstemannaansvaret och statsanställda
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Förvaltningsrättslig Tidskrift. - : Förvaltsningsrättsligs tidskrift. - 0015-8585. ; :4, s. 549-571
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar tjänstemannaansvaret i gränslandet mellan straffrätten, offentligrättsliga arbetsrätten och förvaltningspolitiken. Tjänstemannaansvaret har varit oförändrat sedan slutet på 1980-talet och efter den senaste genomlysningen verkar rådande läge bestå. Tjänstemannaansvarets stora utmaning handlar om hur väl straffrätten (tjänstefel) och den offentligrättsliga arbetsrätten (tjänsteförseelse) hänger samman. Åklagare väcker sällan åtal för tjänstemän utanför den rättsvårdande sektorn och det finns samtidigt brister i det disciplinära förfarandet inom arbetsrätten. Myndigheter hanterar ofta fel och försummelser på annat sätt än genom formell prövning, vilket i sin tur innebär att många saknar erfarenhet av disciplinärenden. Konsekvensen blir en osäkerhet kring hur tjänstemannaansvaret i stort ska bedömas och det är svårt att med säkerhet uttala sig om hur effektivt tjänstemannaansvaret är när det gäller att sanktionera och vägleda tjänstemän och samtidigt leva upp till allmänhetens krav på att offentlig verksamhet utförs korrekt och ansvarsfullt. En fördjupad kunskap och bevakning av hur tjänstemannaansvarets sanktionssystem fungerar samt interagerar med varandra och andra styrformer är önskvärt, vilket även skulle bidra till förvaltningspolitikens vidare utveckling.
|
|
