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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Menon, BK, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging criteria across pivotal randomized controlled trials for late window thrombectomy patient selection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of neurointerventional surgery. - : BMJ. - 1759-8486 .- 1759-8478. ; 13:11, s. 985-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials showed the benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients presenting beyond 6 hours from last known well (LKW) and selected by perfusion imaging criteria. The ESCAPE NA1-trial selected patients based on non-contrast CT (NCCT) Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and multiphase CT angiography (CTA) collateral status. This study compares baseline characteristics, workflow, and outcomes in the EVT arms of DAWN and DEFUSE-3 with late-window patients from the EVT-only arm of ESCAPE-NA1.MethodsAggregate data on baseline characteristics, workflow, reperfusion quality, final infarct volume, and clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Score [mRS] at 90 days) in subjects enrolled in the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 EVT arms were compared with similar data from the ESCAPE-NA1 control arm (EVT-only arm) presenting beyond 6 hours from LKW using descriptive statistics.ResultsBaseline characteristics among late-window patients in the ESCAPE NA1 trial were similar to those in the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 EVT arms. Median time from LKW-to-puncture in subjects enrolled in the ESCAPE NA1 trial was 9 hrs (IQR: 7.5–11 hours) when compared with DAWN (n=107; 12.8 hours, IQR: 10.6–16.7 hours) and DEFUSE-3 (n=92; 11.5 hours, IQR: 9.2–12.8 hours). Median post-treatment infarct-volume was largest in the ESCAPE NA1-patients (47 mL [IQR: 19–146] vs median 8 mL [IQR: 0–48] in the DAWN group and 35 mL [IQR: 18–82] in DEFUSE-3), while % mRS 0–2 at 90 days were similar across the three trials (ESCAPE NA1: 50/111 [45%], DAWN: 52/107 [49%], DEFUSE-3: 41/92 [45%]).ConclusionPatients enrolled beyond 6 hours from LKW in the ESCAPE-NA1 trial based on NCCT-ASPECTS and mCTA had similar clinical outcomes when compared with patients selected by perfusion imaging in the DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials.
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| 4. |
- Edsfeldt, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo flexor tendon forces generated during different rehabilitation exercises
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery, European Volume. - : SAGE Publications. - 1753-1934 .- 2043-6289. ; 40:7, s. 705-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured in vivo forces in the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor digitorum superficialis tendons during commonly used rehabilitation manoeuvres after flexor tendon repair by placing a buckle force transducer on the tendons of the index finger in the carpal canal during open carpal tunnel release of 12 patients. We compared peak forces for each manoeuvre with the reported strength of a flexor tendon repair. Median flexor digitorum profundus force (24 N) during isolated flexor digitorum profundus flexion and median flexor digitorum superficialis force (13 N) during isolated flexor digitorum superficialis flexion were significantly higher than during the other manoeuvres. Significantly higher median forces were observed in the flexor digitorum superficialis with the wrist at 30° flexion (6 N) compared with the neutral wrist position (5 N). Median flexor digitorum profundus forces were significantly higher during active finger flexion (6 N) compared with place and hold (3 N). Place and hold and active finger flexion with the wrist in the neutral position or tenodesis generated the lowest forces; isolated flexion of these tendons generated higher forces along the flexor tendons.
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| 5. |
- Grinberg, Marianna, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicogenomics directory of chemically exposed human hepatocytes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Archives of Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0738 .- 0340-5761. ; 88:12, s. 2261-2287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A long-term goal of numerous research projects is to identify biomarkers for in vitro systems predicting toxicity in vivo. Often, transcriptomics data are used to identify candidates for further evaluation. However, a systematic directory summarizing key features of chemically influenced genes in human hepatocytes is not yet available. To bridge this gap, we used the Open TG-GATES database with Affymetrix files of cultivated human hepatocytes incubated with chemicals, further sets of gene array data with hepatocytes from human donors generated in this study, and publicly available genome-wide datasets of human liver tissue from patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer (HCC). After a curation procedure, expression data of 143 chemicals were included into a comprehensive biostatistical analysis. The results are summarized in the publicly available toxicotranscriptomics directory (http://wiki.toxbank.net/toxicogenomics-map/) which provides information for all genes whether they are up- or downregulated by chemicals and, if yes, by which compounds. The directory also informs about the following key features of chemically influenced genes: (1) Stereotypical stress response. When chemicals induce strong expression alterations, this usually includes a complex but highly reproducible pattern named 'stereotypical response.' On the other hand, more specific expression responses exist that are induced only by individual compounds or small numbers of compounds. The directory differentiates if the gene is part of the stereotypical stress response or if it represents a more specific reaction. (2) Liver disease-associated genes. Approximately 20 % of the genes influenced by chemicals are up- or downregulated, also in liver disease. Liver disease genes deregulated in cirrhosis, HCC, and NASH that overlap with genes of the aforementioned stereotypical chemical stress response include CYP3A7, normally expressed in fetal liver; the phase II metabolizing enzyme SULT1C2; ALDH8A1, known to generate the ligand of RXR, one of the master regulators of gene expression in the liver; and several genes involved in normal liver functions: CPS1, PCK1, SLC2A2, CYP8B1, CYP4A11, ABCA8, and ADH4. (3) Unstable baseline genes. The process of isolating and the cultivation of hepatocytes was sufficient to induce some stress leading to alterations in the expression of genes, the so-called unstable baseline genes. (4) Biological function. Although more than 2,000 genes are transcriptionally influenced by chemicals, they can be assigned to a relatively small group of biological functions, including energy and lipid metabolism, inflammation and immune response, protein modification, endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, stress response, and DNA repair. In conclusion, the introduced toxicotranscriptomics directory offers a basis for a rationale choice of candidate genes for biomarker evaluation studies and represents an easy to use source of background information on chemically influenced genes.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of trapezius electromyography to differences between work tasks - influence of gap definition and normalisation methods
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. - 1873-5711. ; 10:2, s. 103-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used extensively to estimate muscular load in studies of work related musculoskeletal disorders, especially for the trapezius muscle. The occurrences of periods of EMG silence (gaps), the time below a predetermined threshold level (muscular rest) and various percentiles of the amplitude distribution (APDF) are commonly used summary measures. However, the effects of the criteria used to calculate these measures (e.g., gap duration, threshold level, normalisation method) on the sensitivity of these measures to accurately differentiate work loads is not well known.Bilateral trapezius EMG was recorded, for a full workday, for 58 subjects following both maximal (MVE) and submaximal (RVE) reference contractions. Gap frequency, muscular rest, and percentiles were derived for eight fundamental work tasks. The calculations were performed using different gap duration criteria, threshold levels and normalisation methods.A gap duration of less than 1/2 s, and threshold level approximately 0.3% MVE for gap frequency, and approximately 0.5% MVE for muscular rest, were the criteria that optimised sensitivity to task differences. Minimal sensitivity to tasks and a high sensitivity to individuals was obtained using gap frequency with a threshold level of approximately 1% MVE. Normalisation to RVE, rather than MVE, improved sensitivity to differences between tasks, and reduced undesirable variability. Muscular rest was more sensitive to task differences than APDF percentiles.
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| 7. |
- Holbein, Christina E., et al.
(författare)
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A multinational observational investigation of illness perceptions and quality of life among patients with a Fontan circulation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Congenital Heart Disease. - : Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press). - 1747-079X .- 1747-0803. ; 13:3, s. 392-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective First, to compare QOL and illness perceptions between patients with a Fontan circulation and patients with anatomically simple defects (ie, atrial septal defects [ASD] or ventricular septal defects [VSD]). Second, to explore illness perceptions as a mediator of the association between congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosis and QOL. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Twenty-four cardiology centers from 15 countries across five continents. Patients Four hundred thirty-five adult patients with congenital heart disease (177 Fontan and 258 ASD/VSD) ages 18-83 years. Outcome Measures QOL and illness perceptions were assessed by the Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, respectively. Results Patients with a Fontan circulation reported lower QOL (Wald Z = −3.59, p = <.001) and more negative perceptions of their CHD (Wald Z = −7.66, p < .001) compared with patients with ASD/VSD. After controlling for demographics, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and New York Heart Association functional class, path analyses revealed a significant mediation model, αβ = 0.15, p = .002, 95% CI = 0.06-0.25, such that CHD diagnosis was indirectly related to QOL through illness perceptions. Conclusions The Fontan sample’s more negative perceptions of CHD were likely a reflection of life with a more complex defect. Illness perceptions appear to account for unique differences in QOL between groups of varying CHD complexity. Psychosocial screening and interventions may be important treatment components for patients with CHD, particularly those with Fontan circulations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Nakama, L H, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of tendon microtears due to cyclical loading in an in vivo tendinopathy model
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : Wiley. - 1554-527X .- 0736-0266. ; 23:5, s. 1199-1205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tendon injuries at the epicondyle can occur in athletes and workers whose job functions involve repetitive, high force hand activities, but the early pathophysiologic changes of tendon are not well known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early tendon structural changes, specifically the formation of microtears, caused by cyclical loading. The Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP) muscle of nine New Zealand White rabbits was stimulated to contract repetitively for 80 h of cumulative loading over 14 weeks. The contralateral limb served as a control, The tendon at the medial epicondyle insertion site was harvested, sectioned, and stained. Microtears were quantified, using image analysis software, in four regions of the tendon, two regions along the enthesis and two distal to the enthesis. The tear density (loaded: 1329 +/- 546 tears/mm(2); unloaded: 932 474 tears/mm(2)) and mean tear size (loaded: 18.3 +/- 6.1 mu m(2); unloaded: 14.0 +/- 4.8 mu m(2)) were significantly greater in the loaded limb (p < 0.0001) across all regions compared to the unloaded contralateral limb. These early microstructural changes in a repetitively loaded tendon may initiate a degenerative process that leads to tendinosis.
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| 11. |
- Przybylski, D., et al.
(författare)
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Chromospheric extension of the MURaM code
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Detailed numerical models of the chromosphere and corona are required to understand the heating of the solar atmosphere. An accurate treatment of the solar chromosphere is complicated by the effects arising from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer. A small number of strong, highly scattering lines dominate the cooling and heating in the chromosphere. Additionally, the recombination times of ionised hydrogen are longer than the dynamical timescales, requiring a non-equilibrium (NE) treatment of hydrogen ionisation.Aims. We describe a set of necessary additions to the MURaM code that allow it to handle some of the important NLTE effects. We investigate the impact on solar chromosphere models caused by NLTE and NE effects in radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere.Methods. The MURaM code was extended to include the physical process required for an accurate simulation of the solar chromosphere, as implemented in the Bifrost code. This includes a time-dependent treatment of hydrogen ionisation, a scattering multi-group radiation transfer scheme, and approximations for NLTE radiative cooling.Results. The inclusion of NE and NLTE physics has a large impact on the structure of the chromosphere; the NE treatment of hydrogen ionisation leads to a higher ionisation fraction and enhanced populations in the first excited state throughout cold inter-shock regions of the chromosphere. Additionally, this prevents hydrogen ionisation from buffering energy fluctuations, leading to hotter shocks and cooler inter-shock regions. The hydrogen populations in the ground and first excited state are enhanced by 102–103 in the upper chromosphere and by up to 109 near the transition region.Conclusions. Including the necessary NLTE physics leads to significant differences in chromospheric structure and dynamics. The thermodynamics and hydrogen populations calculated using the extended version of the MURaM code are consistent with previous non-equilibrium simulations. The electron number and temperature calculated using the non-equilibrium treatment of the chromosphere are required to accurately synthesise chromospheric spectral lines.
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| 12. |
- Quintero Noda, C., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the capabilities for inferring atmospheric information from high-spatial-resolution simulations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 675
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we study the accuracy that can be achieved when inferring the atmospheric information from realistic numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations that reproduce the spatial resolution we will obtain with future observations made by the 4 m class telescopes DKIST and EST. We first study multiple inversion configurations using the SIR code and the Fe i transitions at 630 nm until we obtain minor differences between the input and the inferred atmosphere in a wide range of heights. Also, we examine how the inversion accuracy depends on the noise level of the Stokes profiles. The results indicate that when the majority of the inverted pixels come from strongly magnetised areas, there are almost no restrictions in terms of the noise, obtaining good results for noise amplitudes up to 1 x 10(-3) of I-c. At the same time, the situation is different for observations where the dominant magnetic structures are weak, and noise restraints are more demanding. Moreover, we find that the accuracy of the fits is almost the same as that obtained without noise when the noise levels are on the order of 1 x 10(-4) of I-c. We, therefore, advise aiming for noise values on the order of or lower than 5 x 10(-4) of I-c if observers seek reliable interpretations of the results for the magnetic field vector reliably. We expect those noise levels to be achievable by next-generation 4m class telescopes thanks to an optimised polarisation calibration and the large collecting area of the primary mirror.
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| 13. |
- Rempel, S., et al.
(författare)
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A mycobacterial ABC transporter mediates the uptake of hydrophilic compounds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 580:7803, s. 409-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an obligate human pathogen and the causative agent of tuberculosis(1-3). Although Mtb can synthesize vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) de novo, uptake of cobalamin has been linked to pathogenesis of tuberculosis(2). Mtb does not encode any characterized cobalamin transporter(4-6); however, the gene rv1819c was found to be essential for uptake of cobalamin(1). This result is difficult to reconcile with the original annotation of Rv1819c as a protein implicated in the transport of antimicrobial peptides such as bleomycin(7). In addition, uptake of cobalamin seems inconsistent with the amino acid sequence, which suggests that Rv1819c has a bacterial ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-exporter fold(1). Here, we present structures of Rv1819c, which reveal that the protein indeed contains the ABC-exporter fold, as well as a large water-filled cavity of about 7,700 angstrom(3), which enables the protein to transport the unrelated hydrophilic compounds bleomycin and cobalamin. On the basis of these structures, we propose that Rv1819c is a multi-solute transporter for hydrophilic molecules, analogous to the multidrug exporters of the ABC transporter family, which pump out structurally diverse hydrophobic compounds from cells(8-11). Analysis of cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ABC transporter Rv1819c suggests that it is a multi-solute transporter for hydrophilic molecules.
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| 14. |
- Rempel, S., et al.
(författare)
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Cysteine-mediated decyanation of vitamin B12 by the predicted membrane transporter BtuM
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uptake of vitamin B12 is essential for many prokaryotes, but in most cases the membrane proteins involved are yet to be identified. We present the biochemical characterization and high-resolution crystal structure of BtuM, a predicted bacterial vitamin B12 uptake system. BtuM binds vitamin B12 in its base-off conformation, with a cysteine residue as axial ligand of the corrin cobalt ion. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that the unusual thiolate coordination allows for decyanation of vitamin B12. Chemical modification of the substrate is a property other characterized vitamin B12-transport proteins do not exhibit.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Wahlström, Jens, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of time pressure and verbal provocation on physiological and psychological reactions during work with a computer mouse.
- 2002
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Ingår i: European journal of applied physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 87:3, s. 257-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether time pressure and verbal provocation has any effect on physiological and psychological reactions during work with a computer mouse. It was hypothesised that physiological reactions other than muscle activity (i.e. wrist movements, forces applied to the computer mouse) would not be affected when working under stressful conditions. Fifteen subjects (8 men and 7 women) participated, performing a standardised text-editing task under stress and control conditions. Blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electromyography, a force-sensing computer mouse and electrogoniometry were used to assess the physiological reactions of the subjects. Mood ratings and ratings of perceived exertion were used to assess their psychological reactions. The time pressure and verbal provocation (stress situation) resulted in increased physiological and psychological reactions compared with the two control situations. Heart rate, blood pressure and muscle activity in the first dorsal interosseus, right extensor digitorum and right trapezius muscles were greater in the stress situation. The peak forces applied to the button of the computer mouse and wrist movements were also affected by condition. Whether the increases in the physiological reactions were due to stress or increased speed/productivity during the stress situation is discussed. In conclusion, work with a computer mouse under time pressure and verbal provocation (stress conditions) led to increased physiological and psychological reactions compared to control conditions.
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