SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Renman Gunno) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Renman Gunno)

  • Resultat 1-50 av 136
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Blum, Kristin M., 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Comprehensive assessment of organic contaminant removal from on-site sewage treatment facility effluent by char-fortified filter beds
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 361, s. 111-122
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The removal of organic contaminants from wastewater using cost-efficient and easily accessible methods have been increasingly studied in recent years. Most studies have focused on municipal sewage treatment plants; however, our study investigated treatment with char-fortified filter beds for on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs). OSSFs are commonly used in rural and semi-urban areas all over the world to treat wastewater to reduce eutrophication and water-related diseases. To screen for a wide range of organic contaminants in order to improve the understanding of wastewater treatment efficiency and molecular properties, samples were taken from an OSSF field study site that used three filter types: sand, char-fortified sand, and char-fortified gas concrete. First, we screened for organic contaminants with state-of-the-art gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based targeted and untargeted analysis and then we developed quantitative structure-property relationship models to find the key molecular features responsible for the removal of organic contaminants. We identified 74 compounds, of which 24 were confirmed with reference standards. Amongst these 74 compounds were plasticizers, UV stabilizers, fragrances, pesticides, surfactant and polymer impurities, pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, and many biogenic compounds. Sand filters that are sometimes used as a last treatment step in OSSFs can remove hydrophobic contaminants. The addition of biochar significantly increases the removal of these and a few hydrophilic compounds (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, α = 0.05). Gas concrete did not appear to be suitable for the removal of organic contaminants. This study showed that, besides hydrophobic effects, biodegradation is the most important removal pathway in long-term field applications. However, further improvements are necessary to remove very hydrophilic contaminants as they were not removed with sand and biochar-fortified sand.
  •  
2.
  •  
3.
  • De Colle, Mattia, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • The Use of High-Alloyed EAF Slag for the Neutralization of On-Site Produced Acidic Wastewater: The First Step Towards a Zero-Waste Stainless-Steel Production Process
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 9:19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recycling of steelmaking slags has well-established applications, such as their use in cement, asphalt, or fertilizer industries. Although in some cases, such as the electric arc furnace (EAF) high-alloyed stainless-steel production, the slag’s high metal content prevents its use in such applications. This forces companies to accumulate it as waste. Using concepts such dematerialization, waste management, industrial symbiosis, and circular economy, the article drafts a conceptual framework on the best route to solving the landfilling issue, aiming at a zero-waste process re-design. An experimental part follows, with an investigation of the use of landfill slag as a substitute of limestone for the neutralization of acidic wastewater, produced by the rinsing of steel after the pickling process. Neutralization of acidic wastewater with both lime and slag samples was performed with two different methods. Two out of four slag samples tested proved their possible use, reaching desired pH values compared to lime neutralizations. Moreover, the clean waters resulting from the neutralizations with the use of both lime and slag were tested. In terms of hazardous element concentrations, neutralization with slag yielded similar results to lime. The results of these trials show that slag is a potential substitute of lime for the neutralization of acidic wastewater.
  •  
4.
  • Gustafsson, Jon Petter, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphate removal by mineral-based sorbents used in filters for small-scale wastewater treatment
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 42:1-2, s. 189-197
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mineral-based sorbents Filtra P, Polonite (R), natural wollastonite and water-cooled blast furnace slag (WCBFS) were studied in terms of their PO4 removal performance. Results from a long-term column experiment showed that both Filtra P and Polonite (R) removed > 95% of PO4 from the applied synthetic solution, and that the used filter materials had accumulated several (1.9-19) g kg(-1) P. Phosphorus was removed also by natural wollastonite and WCBFS, but these materials were less efficient. Batch experiments on the used materials showed that the solubility PO4 was considerably larger than the one expected for crystalline Ca phosphates such as hydroxyapatite, and results from investigations with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) on the Filtra P material showed that the formed P phase was not crystalline. These evidence suggest that a soluble amorphous tricalcium phosphate (ATCP) was formed in the mineral-based sorbents; the apparent solubility constant on dissolution was estimated to log K-s = -27.94 ( 0.31) at 21 degrees C. However, since only up to 18% of the accumulated PO4 was readily dissolved in the experiments, it cannot be excluded that part of the phosphorus had crystallized to slightly less soluble phases. In conclusion, Filtra P and Polonite are two promising mineral-based sorbents for phosphorus removal, and at least part of the accumulated phosphorus is present in a soluble form, readily available to plants.
  •  
5.
  • Hallberg, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of a sand filter material for road runoff treatment– Pilot-scale field trial focused on copper and zinc removal
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The negative effects of stormwater discharges on receiving aquatic environments and the need for their purification were highlighted by the EU courts' "Weser-Ruling" in May 2020. The ruling stated the need for removal of dissolved pollutants. The decision justifies field studies for development of far-reaching methods for runoff treatment. In this in situ study, a standard sand was used as medium for road runoff filtration and removal of dissolved and particle-bound (< 0.45 µm) zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), Data collected included 24 road runoff events, mimicking the flow variations and pollutant emissions over a seven-month period. The findings showed that filter sand can be used to remove Zn and Cu from road runoff in a gravity fed treatment system. The removal of total Zn and Cu was 93% and 67%, respectively. Dissolved Zn was efficiently removed by the sand (87%), however not Cu (19%). The sand efficiently removed total suspended solids (TSS) from maximum occurring 443 mg L-1 to below 5 mg L-1. No head loss due to the TSS loadings was observed. The initial studies show the sand's potential to remove the investigated metals, but in the longer term, effluent concentrations may exceed emission permit values.
  •  
6.
  • Hallberg, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of a sand filter material for road runoff treatment- pilot-scale field trial focused on copper and zinc removal
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Water practice and technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 1751-231X. ; 17:8, s. 1652-1665
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of stormwater discharges on receiving aquatic environments and the need for their purification were highlighted by an EU court in May 2020. The ruling stated the need for removal of dissolved pollutants, which justifies field studies for development of far-reaching methods for runoff treatment. In this study, a standard sand was used as medium for road runoff filtration and removal of dissolved and particle-bound (<0.45 mu m) zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Data included 24 road runoff events, mimicking the flow variations and pollutant emissions over a seven-month period. The findings showed that sand can be used to remove Zn and Cu from road runoff in a gravity fed treatment system at a surface load ranging from 16.8 to 201 L m(-2) h(-1). The removal of total Zn and Cu was 93 and 67%, respectively. Dissolved Zn was efficiently removed by the sand (87%), however not Cu (19%). The sand efficiently removed total suspended solids (TSS) from the maximum occurring 443 mg L-1 to below 5 mg L-1. No head loss due to the TSS loadings was observed. The sand's potential to remove the investigated metals was shown, but in the longer term, effluent concentrations may exceed permitted values.
  •  
7.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term phosphorus sorption and leaching in sand filters for onsite treatment systems
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 833, s. 155254-155254
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The sorption capacities of sand filters used for onsite wastewater treatment and their associated risks of phosphorus (P) leaching on contact with rainwater were investigated in column experiments and with modelling tool for over 300 days. Columns packed with sand were exposed to real domestic wastewater of different characteristics and hydraulic loading modes. The wastewater fed into the columns was effluent collected from three different treatment units in the field: a septic tank (ST), biofiltration tank (BF) and Polonite® filter bag (PO). The risk of P leaching to groundwater and surface water was also assessed, by exposing the same sand columns to natural rainwater. Overall results indicated that sand soils can exhibit different adsorption and desorption capacities for electrical conductivity (EC), Total-P, phosphate-P and total suspended solids, depending on the characteristics of influent wastewater, loading rate and total operation time. The removal efficiencies of the sand columns increased in the order ST (98.16 %) > PO (93.36%) > BF (81.57%) for PO4-P and slightly decreased ST (97.11 %) > PO (92.06%) > BF (76.76%) for Total-P columns. All sand columns loaded with actual wastewater solutions from septic tanks and biofiltration tank have demonstrated high risks of phosphorus leaching (> 99.99%) to the groundwater. The modelling was successful captured behavior of EC tracer and adsorption of PO4-P with acceptable prediction uncertainty in the PO < 8% columns. The modelling results indicated that the decrease of loading rate from 83.3 mL d-1 to 20.83 mL d-1 led to an average increase of removal efficiency and prolong operational lifetime and mass of adsorbed Total-P in the sand soil. This study concludes that sand is a valuable filter medium at low loading rate for phosphorus removal in full-scale operations of onsite treatment systems, however very vulnerable for leaching P when in contact with rainwater.
  •  
8.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling phosphorus sorption kinetics and the longevity of reactive filter materials used for on-sitewastewater treatment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 11:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Use of reactive filter media (RFM) is an emerging technology in small-scale wastewater treatment to improve phosphorus (P) removal and filter material longevity for making this technology sustainable. In this study, long-term sorption kinetics and the spatial dynamics of sorbed P distribution were simulated in replaceable P-filter bags filled with 700 L of reactive material and used in real on-site treatment systems. The input data for model calibration were obtained in laboratory trials with Filtralite P®, Polonite® and Top16. The P concentration breakthrough threshold value was set at an effluent/influent (C/C 0 ) ratio of 1 and simulations were performed with P concentrations varying from 1 to 25 mg L -1 . The simulation results showed that influent P concentration was important for the breakthrough and longevity, and that Polonite performed best, followed by Top16 and Filtralite P. A 100-day break in simulated intermittent flow allowed the materials to recover, which for Polonite involved slight retardation of P saturation. The simulated spatial distribution of P accumulated in the filter bags showed large differences between the filter materials. The modelling insights from this study can be applied in design and operation of on-site treatment systems using reactive filter materials.
  •  
9.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Optimization of on-site wastewater treatment efficiency and recovery based on nutrient mobility and adsorption kinetics modelling using HYDRUS-2D coupled with PHREEQC
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A closed-loop on-site wastewater treatment system (OWT) was studied comprising steps of septic tank to remove organics (Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)), biofiltration clarifier for biological removal of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and BOD, reactive Polonite® filter for chemical adsorption and precipitation removal of dissolved P, and tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) sand filter for polishing the effluent to low P and N effluent Swedish standards. The field experimental data that have been used to optimize TFCW design in the numerical modelling using HYDRUS-2D coupled with and without PHREEQC indicated that the adsorption efficiency of the reactive Polonite® adsorbent was nearly double to that obtained in TFCW sand filters for PO4-P (95 %) and Total-P (85 %) removal in summer at a high temperature range (15.4–18.8 °C) and pH range (9.9–10.8). The weaker PO4-P (53 %) and Total-P (25 %) removal efficiency in winter was due to a low temperature (1.5–8.1 °C) and low pH (7.2–7.9). This decrease in pH was attributed to salinity in the domestic wastewater and dilution of rainwater. Modelling results revealed that the transport mechanisms and rate of P adsorption kinetics in the TFCW sand filters enhanced with calcium and iron flow from chemical dissolution in the preceding Polonite® adsorbent was increased with the increase in temperature. However, the P adsorption was less sensitive at high ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)3) dose, suggesting limited effects of cations dissolution and abundance of metal oxides and hydroxide ions at the mineral surface for anions exchange with phosphate for surface complexation. The strategy of combining field data and modelling provided valuable insights for assessing adaptability and optimizing TFCW design under variable fluxes and scenario effects of insulated/uninsulated and dilution by rainwater in cold-climate regions.
  •  
10.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Performance of a tidal flow constructed wetland used for post-treatment of on-site wastewater in cold climate
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Water Process Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7144. ; 47
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The performance of a tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW) following wastewater treatment in a package plant designed for two households was studied in a nine-month field trial and its design evaluated through process modelling and pumping tests. The TFCW is operated by filling and draining periods lasting five to nine days, depending on wastewater production by users. The effects of passive aeration, temperature, influent concentration of nutrients and bacteria as well as hydraulic loading on the treatment efficacy of the TFCW system were studied. Results showed that the TFCW system removed ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N, 76%), phosphate -phosphorus (PO4-P, 56%), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN, 28%) and reduced water pH by15%. The removal efficiency of TIN was significantly improved in the summer (> 50%). The average influent concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was low after the preceding package plant treatment (1.12 mg L-1), but the TFCW showed ability to further reduce TP to the average concentration of 0.57 mg L-1. A coupled reactive transport model was developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics (R) 5.6 software to predict processes of water flow and was validated against the actual data from the field. The modelling exhibited a satisfactory prediction accuracy and capability to capture behavior of effluent PO4-P, NH4-N and dissolved oxygen concentration. Moreover, modelling processes helped to understand the defects of water flow and adsorption processes within the treatment wetland.
  •  
11.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Performance of an On-Site Wastewater Treatment System Using Reactive Filter Media and a Sequencing Batch Constructed Wetland
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many on-site wastewater treatment systems, such as soil treatment systems, are not sustainable in terms of purification efficiency, nutrient recycling potential, and economics. In this case study, a sequencing batch constructed wetland (SBCW) was designed and added after a package treatment plant (PTP) using reactive filter media for phosphorus (P) removal and recycling. The treatment performance of the entire system in the start-up phase and its possible applicability in rural areas were investigated. Raw and treated effluents were sampled during a period of 25 weeks and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD7, and bacteria. Field measurements were made of wastewater flow, electrical conductivity, oxygen, and temperature. The entire system removed total-P and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) by 83% and 22%, respectively. High salt concentration and very low wastewater temperature were possible reasons for these unexpectedly low P and TIN removal efficiencies. In contrast, removal rates of bacteria (Escherichia coli, enterococci) and organic matter (as BOD) were high, due to filtration in the alkaline medium Polonite((R)) (Ecofiltration Nordic AB, Stockholm, Sweden) and the fine sand used as SBCW substrate. High pH in effluent from the PTP was efficiently reduced to below pH 9 in the SBCW, meeting recommendations by environmental authorities in Sweden. We concluded that treating cold on-site wastewater can impair treatment performance and that technical measures are needed to improve SBCW performance.
  •  
12.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus sorption and leaching in sand filters used for onsite wastewater treatment - a column experiment
  • Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The sorption capacities of filter sands used for onsite wastewater treatment and their associated risks of phosphorus (P) leakage on contact with rainwater were investigated in column experiments and modelling studies. Columns packed with sand were exposed to real domestic wastewater of different characteristics and hydraulic loading modes. The wastewater fed into the columns was effluent collected from three different treatment units in the field: a septic tank (ST), biofiltration tank (BF) and Polonite® filter bag (PO). The risk of P leaching to groundwater and surface water was also assessed, by exposing the same sand columns to artificial rainwater. The results indicated that sand columns can exhibit different adsorption capacities for Total-P, phosphate-P and total suspended solids, depending on the characteristics of influent wastewater. The adsorption capacity increased in the order ST > BF > PO, based on availability of organic matter to form biofilm. Effluent from Pol columns was significantly clearer, indicating lower organics content, than effluent from ST and BF columns. The modelled breakthrough curves for Total-P desorption agreed satisfactorily with the measured values, but further model improvement is needed.
  •  
13.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Simulating the hydraulic dynamics and treatment performance of a sequencing batch flow constructed wetland
  • Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a six-month field trial, the performance of a full-scale sequencing batch flow constructed wetland (SBCW) treating on-site wastewater was determined. The filling and draining periods lasted 5-9 days, depending on wastewater production by users (two households). The results indicated that the SBCW system efficiently removed ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N, 76%) and Escherichia coli (89%). However, draining by pumping increased preferential water flow and considerably limited removal of dissolved phosphorus (PO4-P) in the filter bed. Analysis of water samples from nine points and three vertical levels of the wetland bed showed that pumping aerated the bed, resulting in removal of NH4-N being highest in the top 0-0.2 m layer (43%) intermediate in the 0.2-0.4 m layer (32%), and lowest in the deep (0.4-0.6 m) layer (4%). Complementary modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics software to predict the hydraulic dynamics for three different SBCW designs indicated that the drainage system of the present SBCW should be re-designed to increase contact time and aeration, for improved phosphorus and nitrogen removal.
  •  
14.
  • Hamisi, Rajabu, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment efficiency and recovery in sand filters for on-site wastewater treatment: Column studies and reactive modelling
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study examined the adsorption capacity and treatment efficiency of sand filters in on-site treatment systems for cold climate regions. The effects of different operating conditions, porosity and kinetics parameters were investigated in column experiments and COMSOL Multiphysics® modelling, to comprehensively reveal the mechanisms and optimize treatment efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal in a field tidal flow constructed wetland (TFCW), treating effluent from a package treatment plant with P filter material. The results from column experiments with sand showed that Total-P adsorption rate was dependent on feed water quality (Septic tank >0.77 ± 0.06 g kg−1; Biotreatment >0.41 ± 0.07 g kg−1; Reactive material Polonite® <0.18 ± 0.07 g kg−1). In the field TFCW trial, Total-P adsorption in the top layer (>1.42 ± 0.55 g kg−1) and middle layer (>1.06 ± 0.51 g kg−1) was twice that in laboratory columns, due to strong interaction with the air-water interface and use of fluctuated domestic wastewater solutions. The breakthrough curve (BTCs) of the coarse sand matched the physical behaviour of tracer electrical conductivity (EC) in effluent from the sand column experiments. The modelling results demonstrated that high filter porosity and low hydraulic load were significant factors for optimal removal of NH4–N, Total-N, PO4–P, Total- P in the top layer (>99.95 ± 0.03 %, 44.37 ± 28.75%, 70.89 ± 28.30%, 76.18 ± 20.3%), middle layer (>98.94 ± 1.77%, 18.23 ± 23.04%, 76.62 ± 28.73%, 65.40 ± 31.85%) and deep layer (>99.99 ± 0.02%, 65.50 ± 20.64%, 75.53 ± 23.16%, 41.54 ± 28.81%) in the TFCW system, respectively. The results show that on-site wastewater treatment in cold climate TFCW can be applied as a technology to polish effluent from a three-step pretreatment system. However, hydraulic optimization is an important factor for the design of the TFCW to receive a successful long-term operating system.
  •  
15.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, et al. (författare)
  • Filter Media-Packed Bed Reactor Fortification with Biochar to Enhance Wastewater Quality
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 10:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contamination of water sources by inappropriately disposed poorly treated wastewater from countryside establishments is a worldwide challenge. This study tested the effectiveness of retrofitting sand (Sa)- and gas-concrete (GC)-packed reactors with biochar
  •  
16.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Filter media-packed bed reactor fortification with biochar to enhance wastewater treatment
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Contamination of water bodies with inappropriately released, poorly treated wastewater from rural establishments is a challenge world-wide. Rural communities in developed countries are now required to comply with statutory discharge limits, but less costly alternative technologies by which to comply are scarce. However, it is possible that retrofitting on-site facilities with specialist treatment units could provide a feasible solution. This study tested the effectiveness of retrofitting sand (Sa)- and gas-concrete (GC)-packed down-flow reactors with biochar (BC) in removing turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), phosphate (PO43-) and total phosphorus (TP) from wastewater. The reactors were each intermittently loaded with 0.063 L/d for 399 days. In general, all reactors achieved <3 NTU effluent turbidity (99% efficiency). The GC reactors were best at removing incoming PO43- (6.1 mg/L) and DOC (25.3 mg/L), trapping >95% and >60%, respectively. Compared with a reference Sa reactor (PO43- removal 35%; DOC removal 52%), the fortified sand (Sa-BC) filter removed significantly more PO43- (>45% removal, p=0.022) and DOC (>58% removal, p=0.034). In regression analysis, 53%, 81% and 85% of PO43- sorption variation in Sa, BC and Sa-BC filters, respectively, was explained by variations in reactor effluent pH. Similarly, a strong linear correlation was found between PO43- sorption efficiency and the pH of fortified (GC-BC, r > 0.7) and reference (r = 0.6) GC filters, suggesting chemisorption mechanisms. Therefore, if only sand is readily available for treating septic tank effluent, fortifying it with biochar could be a possible measure to improve its efficacy.
  •  
17.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, 1972- (författare)
  • Fortification of soil-based wastewater treatment systems with versatile ubiquitous reactive media for enhanced removal of phosphorus and other pollutants
  • 2017
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Concerns about potential risks posed by discharge from small-scale wastewater treatment (SWT) systems to receiving water bodies have prompted robust enforcement of national discharge quality standards in rural areas of most developed countries. Consequently, communities in such places are in need of effective technologies with which to achieve compliance. Currently, reactive filter (RF) media are increasingly preferred over advanced alternatives, due mainly to their simplicity, affordability and proven potential. However, many of the field-tested filters are commercial products which are costly and scarce but also only capable of removing few contaminants they are engineered to target hence often requiring to be coupled with other treatment units to achieve full treatment. In the preliminary findings of this study, biochar (BC) was identified and thus suggested basing on existing literature, as a versatile ubiquitous low-cost material for treating wastewater. Its effectiveness in fortifying sand (Sa) and gas concrete (GC)-based SWT facilities was later demonstrated in long-term experiments using laboratory packed bed reactors and field constructed filter beds. The efficacy of SaBC and GCBC systems in reducing turbidity (>95%), DOC (60%; p<0.05) and PO43- (40-90%; p<0.05) was significantly higher than for their reference counterparts. Further, sorbed P was more leachable from Sa (11.2 mgkg-1) and SaBC (20.5 mgkg-1) filters but more extractable and hence plant-available in GC (65-91 mgkg-1). Therefore, the study concluded that fortification of soil-based systems with biochar filters may be a promising solution in enhancing performances of soil-based wastewater treatment systems, while P-rich RF media can act as a nutrient source for plants if recycled to agriculture.
  •  
18.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Leachability and plant availability of phosphorus in post-sorption wastewater filters fortified with biochar
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sand and gravel are widely applied in field filter systems for small-scale wastewater treatment. However, alternative filter materials are needed to achieve better treatment performance in removing contaminants and trapping plant nutrients for recycling to agriculture. This study assessed the plant availability and leachability of phosphorus (P) trapped in sand (Sa), biochar (BC) and gas concrete (GC, Sorbulite®) media used previously for phosphorus (P) removal in laboratory-scale packed bed reactors (PBR) and field-scale constructed filter beds (CFB). Phosphorus extraction and leaching were assessed in batch and leaching experiments using distilled water and ammonium lactate (AL) solution with a 1:20 solid:extractant ratio. The results revealed that both Sa (11.2 mgkg-1) and BC-fortified Sa (20.5 mgkg-1) leached P to percolating water, while P was less likely to leach from GC systems. Extraction with AL showed that the P retained in GC was plant-available and that the GC materials could release 65-90 mgkg-1 of the bound P mass. These findings highlight the need to evaluate the risk of nutrient leaching from filter media used in small-scale wastewater treatment systems with groundwater and surface water as final recipients. For greater sustainability, the P weakly bound in media such as sand and biochar and strongly bound in media such as gas concrete should be recovered by recycling the spent material to agriculture. However, this would require treatment system re-design to make recycling of filter material technically possible.
  •  
19.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, et al. (författare)
  • Leachability and plant -availability of phosphorus in post-sorption wastewater filters fortified with biochar
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 40:27, s. 3641-3651
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sand and gravel are widely applied for filtering pre- or primary-treated wastewater in small-scale wastewater treatment (SWT) systems. However, ecological materials continue to attract increasing interest in use as retrofits for achieving better performance in removing dissolved contaminants and recovering nutrients from wastewater. In this study, we assessed the plant availability and leachability of phosphorus (P) from sand (Sa) and gas concrete (GC) media previously fortified with biochar (BC) and used for phosphorus (P) removal in laboratory-scale packed bed reactors and field-scale constructed filter beds. Batch and leaching experiments were conducted, with distilled water and ammonium lactate (AL) solutions (1:20 solid–liquid (w/v) ratio) applied as extractants. In the findings, reference (Sa) and fortified (Sa-BC) sand filters leached 11.2 and 20.5 mg P kg−1 respectively, to percolating water while the P seemed less likely to leach from GC systems. Extraction with AL showed that P retained in GC was plant-available and that GC could release up to 90 mg kg−1 of the bound mass. These findings highlight the need to evaluate risks of nutrient leaching from filter media for SWT systems especially where groundwater and surface water are final recipients of such effluents. For greater sustainability of use of the media, the weakly bound P in media such as Sa and BC and strongly bound in media such as GC types of materials may be recovered by recycling the spent material to agriculture. However, this may require re-design of the treatment system especially with respect to particle size to make recycling technically feasible.
  •  
20.
  • Kholoma, Ezekiel, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus removal from wastewater by field-scale fortified filter beds during a one-year study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Environmental technology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0959-3330 .- 1479-487X. ; 37:23, s. 2953-2963
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to low availability of alternative technologies, rural communities are unable to comply with national wastewater discharge limits. This study tested the effectiveness of filter bed fortification with biochar on phosphorus removal. Water-tight down-flow beds of sand and gas concrete, constructed alongside a reference sand bed (all 0.8 m deep and 0.75 m2 surface area), were topped with a 0.2 m biochar layer. Pre-treated domestic wastewater with mean concentrations of 6.4 mg/L PO3-4 and 142.6 NTU, was infiltrated at 4 cm/d hydraulic loading rate. Ultimately, the biochar-sand was relatively outstanding in turbidity reduction, achieving < 5 NTU. The biochargas concrete exhibited superior performance in PO3-4 removal, trapping 32.3 g (40.2%), compared with 20.5 g (25.6%) and 15.5 g (19.3%) by biochar-sand and reference bed respectively. However, statistical analysis revealed a weak correlation between pH and biochargas concrete removal efficiency (r2= 0.2). The relationship was stronger for biochar-sand PO3-4 (r2 = 0.5) than reference (r2 = 0.4) bed. Paired samples t-tests showed that incorporating biochar into the sand bed significantly (p =.04) improved its PO3-4 removal efficiency. In conclusion, sand bed fortification with biochar could be an important measure for improving P removal and wastewater clarification efficiency.
  •  
21.
  • Nilsson, Charlotte, 1985-, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of organic load on phosphorus and bacteria removal from wastewater using alkaline filter materials
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 47:16, s. 6289-6297
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The organic matter released from septic tanks can disturb the subsequent step in on-site wastewater treatment such as the innovative filters for phosphorus removal. This study investigated the effect of organic load on phosphorus (P) and bacteria removal by reactive filter materials under real-life treatment conditions. Two long-term column experiments were conducted at very short hydraulic residence times (average similar to 5.5 h), using wastewater with high (mean similar to 120 mg L-1) and low (mean similar to 20 mg L-1) BOD7 values. Two alkaline filter materials, the calcium-silicate material Polonite and blast furnace slag (BFS), were tested for the removal capacity of total P, total organic carbon (TOC) and Enterococci. Both experiments showed that Polonite removed P significantly ( p < 0.01) better than BFS. An increase in P removal efficiency of 29.3% was observed for the Polonite filter at the lower concentration of BOD7 ( p < 0.05). Polonite was also better than BFS with regard to removal of TOC, but there were no significant differences between the two filter materials with regard to removal of Enterococci. The reduction in Enterococci was greater in the experiment using wastewater with high BOD7, an effect attributable to the higher concentration of bacteria in that wastewater. Overall, the results demonstrate the importance of extensive pre-treatment of wastewater to achieve good phosphorus removal in reactive bed filters and prolonged filter life.
  •  
22.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term phosphate removal by the calcium-silicate material Polonite in wastewater filtration systems
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 79:6, s. 659-664
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mineral-based filter material Polonite was tested for its PO4 removal capacity in column and full-scale systems using synthetic and domestic wastewater. Three long-term experiments (67, 68 and 92 wk), operated under different hydrological conditions, were compared. The best PO4 removal capacity (97%) was observed in an intermittent saturated column fed with a synthetic solution (530 L m(-2) d(-1)) without organic matter during 68 wk. An unsaturated column system using municipal wastewater (76.7 L m(-2) d(-1)) showed no tendency for PO4 breakthrough and effluent PO4 concentration was still low (0.2 mg L-1) after 67 wk. For a compact bed filter containing 560 kg of Polonite and fed with 70 m(3) of wastewater from a single house, the average PO4 removal was 89% after 92 wk of operation. The column experiments revealed that a design volume of 1-2 kg of material of a particle size of 2-5 mm was required amount for treating 1 m(3) of wastewater in on-site systems operating at target 90% P mass removal. Poor pre-treatment of the wastewater was suggested to reduce the phosphate removal capacity of Polonite in the bed filter trial, where 8 kg were required per m(3). To measure pH of the treated effluent water proved not to be a simple tool for determining when the filter material is exhausted and should be replaced. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  •  
23.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Metal removal by bed filter materials used in domestic wastewater treatment
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 166:2-3, s. 734-739
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bed filters using reactive materials are an emerging technology for on-site wastewater treatment. Used materials, which are enriched with phosphorus, can be used as a fertiliser or soil amendment. However the materials can also be enriched with metals from the wastewater. Six materials (opoka, sand, Polonite (R), limestone, two types of blast furnace slag) exposed to long-term wastewater loading in columns and in a compact filter well filled with Polonite were investigated for metal removal and accumulation. Wastewater applied to the columns had low heavy metal concentrations in the order Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cr. All columns were able to remove 53%-83% of Zn except those filled with sand. Polonite demonstrated a high removal capacity of Mn (>98%), while only the slag materials were able to remove Ni. All materials showed increased Cu, Cr(III). Mn. Pb and Zn content after filtration. Speciation calculations showed that high concentrations of dissolved organic matter might have prevented efficient metal removal, particularly in the case of Cu. The low content of toxic heavy metals in the studied filter materials studied would probably not restrict their use as a fertiliser or soil amendment.
  •  
24.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, 1969- (författare)
  • On-site wastewater treatment : Polonite and other filter materials for removal of metals, nitrogen and phosphorus
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Bed filters using reactive materials are an emerging technology for on-site wastewater treatment. Chemical reactions transfer contaminants from the aqueous to the solid phase. Phosphorus is removed from domestic wastewater by sorption to filter materials, which can then be recycled to agriculture as fertilisers and soil amendments. This thesis presents long-term column and field-scale studies of nine filter materials, particularly the novel product Polonite®. Phosphorus, nitro-gen and metals were removed by the mineral-based materials to varying degrees. Polonite and Nordkalk Filtra P demonstrated the largest phosphorus removal capacity, maintaining a PO4-P removal efficiency of >95%. Analysis of filter bed layers in columns with downward wastewater flow, showed that phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen content was vertically distributed, with de-creasing values from surface to base layer. Polonite and Filtra P accumulated 1.9-19 g P kg-1. Nitrogen in wastewater was scarcely removed by the alkaline filter materials, but transformation from NH4-N to NO3-N was >90%. Pot experiments with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) revealed that after wastewater treatment, slags and Polonite could increase plant production. Batch experi-ments and ATR-FTIR investigations indicated that amorphous tricalcium phosphate (ATCP) was formed in the materials, so some of the accumulated PO4-P was readily available to plants. Low heavy metal contents occurred in the materials, showing that they can be applied as soil amend-ments in agriculture without contamination risks. A full-scale treatment system using Polonite as filter material showed an average PO4-P removal efficiency of 89% for a 92-week period, indicat-ing the robustness of the filter bed technology.
  •  
25.
  •  
26.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Removal of Phosphorus from Hypolimnetic Lake Water by Reactive Filter Material in a Recirculating System—Laboratory Trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Water. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 14:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A toolbox of methods must be available for the remediation of lakes and water bodies suffering from eutrophication. One method suggested is hypolimnetic withdrawal based on a closed-circuit system. Prior to the start of a pilot-scale test at Lake Hönsan, Sweden, a laboratory trial with containers filled with water and bottom sediment from this lake was performed. A peristaltic pump distributed equal bottom water volume to four columns, two filled with glass beads and two with the filter material Polonite, and then back to the surface of the containers. The reactive filter medium (RFM) removed phosphate (PO4-P) efficiently (98.6%), despite the relatively low influent concentration (390 µg L−1). The control column filled with glass beads, removed 2.9% of the PO4-P. The anoxic sediment, containing 2.47 mg P g−1, released PO4-P, which was indicated by the increased concentration in near-bottom water. The redirected water after RFM filtration had high pH (x¯=11.1); however, an equalization took place in the water mass to a lower but still increased pH value  (x¯=8.7) compared to the control  (x¯=7.02). This article reports the pros and cons of a full-scale system using the proposed method.
  •  
27.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Transformation and removal of nitrogen in reactive bed filter materials designed for on-site wastewater treatment
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 34:3, s. 207-214
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) should be removed and recycled from wastewater in order to reduce the nutrient load to recipient waters, avoid contamination of groundwater and conserve resources. Nitrogen removal and transformation were studied in domestic wastewater percolating in unsaturated conditions through 0.5 m long columns containing potential filter materials. Six materials (three types of slag, limestone, opoka, Polonite(R) and sand) were compared at a design loading rate of 85 L m(-2) d(-1) during 67 weeks. All materials transformed ammonium efficiently to nitrate (>98%). Apparent removal of inorganic N was shown only by the coarsest slag and by Polonite(R), possibly due to losses through volatilisation. All other filter materials leached nitrate at the column effluent. Total N content was highest in the surface layer of the column material, with decreasing values with depth. In contrast, carbon
  •  
28.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Treatment method to remove dissolved metals from motorway runoff – initial observations and implications for operation and maintenance
  • 2021
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Konferensbidrag till NORDIWA,  28 september – 1 oktober, 2021,  Göteborg  Treatment method to remove dissolved metals from motorway runoff – initial observations and implications for operation and maintenance Magnus Hallberg1, Agnieszka Renman2, Raúl Rodríguez Gómez2, Gunno Renman2, Liselott Berndtsson1 1 Swedish Transport Administration, Stockholm, 2 Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Water and Environmental Engineering, Stockholm A large number of different stormwater treatment systems were designed over the years. Unfortunately, their adaptation to operation and maintenance were not always taken into account.  During the extensive construction of treatment plants at the new motorway bypass Stockholm, the Swedish Transport Administration investigate sustainable and maintenance efficient stormwater solutions for removal of dissolved pollutants. Moreover, the environmental authorities claim for high consent limits of stormwater effluent metal concentrations with particular regard to zinc (Zn). For this reason, the Swedish Transport Administration started a project in 2020. Runoff at three sites along a section of the E4 motorway, Stockholm, are used for testing filter materials in large column experiments and full-scale filter wells to assess removal of dissolved pollutants. The impact of particulate matter for filter clogging is also studied. The filter wells, situated at Lilla Essingen, aim to remove dissolved metals from road runoff. The pre-treated water, where the load of particulate matter reduces in an open storage pond, is pumped into two parallel filter wells, each filled with 2.7 m3 Leca Filtralite® P. The filter system received stormwater from July 2020 and the first part of the trial terminated in December 2020. The volume treated during this period was approximately 1300 m3. We performed automatic flow-proportional and occasional grab sampling of influent and effluent stormwater to the filters.  The water analyses comprised total and dissolved metals, suspended solids (SS), oil, electrical conductivity, turbidity and pH. We continuously monitored the pressure drop in the filters.  The SS and turbidity in the pre-treated, influent water ranged from below 5 up to  170 mg/l and 5.2 to 358 NTU, respectively. The filters removed SS efficiently (78%) and turbidity of effluent water was in average 7.8 NTU. The average removal was for dissolved Zn 94%. The oil index (fraction C10-C40) investigated reached 783 µg/l in the influent but was always below 50 µg/l in the filter effluent. The correlation between turbidity and SS was linear (R2=0.9806). Influent pH was in July and December 7.5 and 7.4 respectively. The filter effluent had a pH of 10.2 in July and 9.5 in December. The filters showed continuous pressure drop during the study period however it did not affect the water flow through the filters.   After six months of operation and up to 26 regulated pond volumes, the filter showed no signs of declining purification function or clogging.
  •  
29.
  • Renman, Agnieszka, et al. (författare)
  • Water filtration with mineral-based byproducts as a sustainable treatment technology
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim of the project was to investigate whether the 200 000 ton slag, that is not used optimally or deposited every year, can be alternatively applied as water treatment materials, ensuring future outlets and providing added value for the steel industry and society. Five goals had been set and could be met: test of filter material for purification in small sewage plants, testing of mineral filters for industrial wastewater and stormwater, new technology to build road shoulders on busy roads with slag that simultaneously cleans stormwater, laboratory-tested filter products, and two graduated doctors.Slag's properties can be modified in the furnace to contain minerals that have properties to bind phosphorus or metals from water. Slags can separate both cations and anions from contaminated water, anions even at pH value 10. Furthermore, slag and bark in combined filters are able to remove PFAS and also fluorine by modifying of AOD slag. Some types of slag are recommended to replace sand in soil beds for sewage treatment. Stormwater wells in cities and industry can be equipped with slag filters. Storm water from traffic-intensive roads can be cleaned in the road shoulder with certain types of slag.R&D has been conducted in clear collaboration between industry and academia. The research has been conducted in the laboratory, at the companies and in the field. Implementation has been possible through researchers and companies starting pilot facilities and studying their function and utility to achieve sustainability goals. The analysis made is that different types of Swedish-produced slag are useful by-products, after simple reprocessing or after modifications, in water purification applications. These applications can be of several different types and be interesting for several end users.
  •  
30.
  •  
31.
  • Renman, Gunno, et al. (författare)
  • Reaktiva sorbent för fastläggning av fosfor i Östersjöns bottnar
  • 2013
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The release of phosphorus (P) from sediments is of concern for the eutrophication process of the Baltic Sea. In this investigation a number of reactive and alkaline sorbents were tested for their P removal efficiencies in the environment of anaerobic sediments. Batch, pot and column experiments were performed and simulated real bottom conditions. The calcium silicate material Polonite®, a commercial product for P-traps in wastewater treatment, performed best particularly as used for thin-layer placement. The by-product AOD slag also showed promising sorption capacity. The presence of P in the materials after four months use at sediment surfaces was documented by means of ESEM-EDS and the analysis with XANES revealed that for Polonite, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and apatite had formed when saturated with pore water from anaerobic sediments. This study shows promising results for reactive materials to be used as binding agents for the sequestration of P from sediment. Further work will be performed to develop the technology with submerged thin-layer placement for full-scale application.
  •  
32.
  • Renman, Gunno, et al. (författare)
  • Småskaliga lösningar för avloppsrening med mineralbaserade filtermaterial
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Mineralbaserade filtermaterial har tidigare visats kunna avskilja fosfor från avloppsvatten, något som kan utnyttjas i hållbara småskaliga avloppssystem. Den verksamma mekanismen är främst utfällning som kalciumfosfater. Fosforn i använda material kan sedan återföras till brukad mark. Dock har de flesta tidigare studier studerat fosforavskiljning i laboratorieskala, med små belastningar och med fosfatsalter istället för avloppsvatten. Syftet med detta projekt var att studera fosforavskiljningsförmågan i fältförhållanden för fyra olika mineralbaserade filtermaterial; Filtra P (Nordkalk Oyj Abp), Polonite (Bioptech AB), hyttsand (SSAB Merox AB) samt wollastonit (Aros Mineral AB). Materialen placerades i kolonner inuti en container, vilken matades kontinuerligt med avloppsvatten vid en relativt hög belastning (1 m/dygn), som är en realistisk nivå då kompakta system används. Försöket lades upp som två delförsök där avloppsvattnets BOD-värde varierades. Resultaten visar att materialen Filtra P och Polonite ur ett rent kemiskt perspektiv klarar av fältförhållandena relativt väl eftersom de avskiljer fosfor effektivt trots ett högt BOD-värde och en hög belastning (> 80 % genomsnittlig avskiljning). Däremot uppvisade Filtra P stora problem med igensättning p.g.a. disintegration och kalcitutfällning, särskilt i försöket med högt BOD-värde, och dessa kolonner fick därför stängas av i förtid. Hyttsand och wollastonit var däremot ineffektiva som fosforavskiljande material under de rådande förhållandena (< 40 % genomsnittlig avskiljning). I samtliga fall visade resultaten att avskiljningen fungerade klart bättre då BOD-värdet är lågt. Projektet visar att det är stor skillnad mellan förhållanden i laboratorieskala och tuffa förhållanden i fält. Såväl BOD-värde som hydraulisk belastning tycks vara viktiga faktorer som påverkar effektivitet och livslängd för filtermaterialen. För att ha en bra fosforavskiljning kan det vara viktigt att ställa krav på en effektiv förbehandling av avloppsvattnet i slamavskiljare och mark/biobädd. Detta bör beaktas i den vidare utvecklingen av material för småskalig avloppsrening.
  •  
33.
  • Renman, Gunno, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainable use of crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC) as a filter medium in wastewater purification
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: 8th International conference on sustainable management of waste and recycled materials in construction, Gothenburg, Sweden, 30 May – 1 June, 2012. Proceedings. - : ISCOWA and SGI.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Scrap material from the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) should be considered a valuable by-product and not a waste, as should residues from the demolition of houses built with AAC. This paper presents an innovative use of AAC that can contribute to environmental improvement. We tested crushed AAC (CAAC, 2-4 mm) for its phosphorus (P) removal efficiency by filtering a solution containing phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) or pure wastewater in batch, bench-scale and field pilot-scale experiments. Slow phosphate removal kinetics of CAAC were demonstrated, but the removal efficiency was very high (93-99%). Mineralogical analyses (by ICP-OES) of the solid CAAC after contact with flowing wastewater yielded concentrations of 39.6 g P kg-1. Application of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) for mineral phase identification confirmed that the dominant mineral in AAC was tobermorite (Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 4H2O). Dissolution of this crystalline structure was followed by formation of calcium phosphates and the porous, tobermorite-rich material produced proved excellent in removal of P and organic matter from domestic wastewater. Only crushing and sieving to achieve a suitable particle size distribution is needed prior to application in different technical solutions.
  •  
34.
  • Rodriguez Gomez, Raul, et al. (författare)
  • Copper and Zinc Removal Efficiency of Two Reactive Filter Media Treating Motorway Runoff-Model for Service Life Estimation
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 13:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The predominant techniques used for road runoff treatment are sedimentation and filtration. In filtration systems, the ability of the media to adsorb the contaminants is a finite process. Consequently, construction, operation and maintenance managers of such systems should know in advance the service life, i.e., when the used medium should be replaced, and associated costs of operation and maintenance. A batch experiment followed by a packed bed reactor (PBR) experiment addressed the kinetics of the studied media argon oxygen decarburization slag (AOD) and Polonite, followed by the development of a 1D-model to describe the change of concentration of Cu and Zn within time. The batch test results showed that Cu and Zn adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherms for AOD and Polonite. Those results coupled with the linear driving force model and the developed model resulted in good agreement between the PBR results and the simulation. The model was capable to predict (i), the service life at the hydraulic load of 0.18 m/h for AOD (Cu: 395 d; Zn: 479 d) and Polonite (Cu: 445 d; Zn: 910 d), to show (ii) the profile concentration in the PBR within time and the gradient of the concentration along the height of the reactor.
  •  
35.
  • Zuo, Minyu, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus removal performance and speciation in virgin and modified argon oxygen decarburisation slag designed for wastewater treatment
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 87, s. 271-281
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Argon oxygen decarburisation (ADD) slag may be used for phosphorus (P) removal, as its high pH and weatherable calcium (Ca) minerals provide sufficient Ca2+ and OH- for calcium phosphate (Ca-PO4) precipitation. This study examined the P removal performance of AOD slag for use as wastewater treatment material. Batch experiments were carried out using both synthetic P solution and real wastewater, followed by chemical modelling and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The influences of initial P concentration, slag dose and modification by polyethylene glycol (PEG), an effective agent for generation of porous materials, were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for P removal by AOD slag. It was found that virgin AOD slag removed 94.8% of P from a synthetic P solution in 4 h and 97.8% in 10 h. This high P removal was accompanied by a rapid increase in pH from 7.0 to 10.74. The maximum P removal capacity (PRC) from synthetic P solution ranged from 1.3 to 27.5 mg P g(-1). The optimal AOD dose for P removal from wastewater, determined in 8-h batch experiments, was 25 g L-1. PEG modification increased the reaction rate and resulted in higher final pH, increasing PRC by 47.9%. Combined Visual MINTEQ and XANES analysis for detailed examination of P removal mechanisms revealed that the main P removal mechanism was precipitation of calcium phosphate. According to the XANES analysis, the main Ca-PO4 precipitate formed on virgin AOD slag under low initial P concentration and high pH was apatite, while brushite was the dominant product at high initial P concentration and low pH.
  •  
36.
  • Blum, Kristin M., et al. (författare)
  • Non-target screening and prioritization of potentially persistent, bioaccumulating and toxic domestic wastewater contaminants and their removal in on-site and large-scale sewage treatment plants
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 575, s. 265-275
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • On-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs), which are used to reduce nutrient emissions in rural areas, were screened for anthropogenic compounds with two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS). The detected compounds were prioritized based on their persistence, bioaccumulation, ecotoxicity, removal efficiency, and concentrations. This comprehensive prioritization strategy, which was used for the first time on OSSF samples, ranked galaxolide, α-tocopheryl acetate, octocrylene, 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol, several chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants and linear alkyl benzenes as the most relevant compounds being emitted from OSSFs. Twenty-six target analytes were then selected for further removal efficiency analysis, including compounds from the priority list along with substances from the same chemical classes, and a few reference compounds. We found significantly better removal of two polar contaminants 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol (p = 0.0003) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (p = 0.005) in soil beds, a common type of OSSF in Sweden, compared with conventional sewage treatment plants. We also report median removal efficiencies in OSSFs for compounds not studied in this context before, viz. α-tocopheryl acetate (96%), benzophenone (83%), 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole (64%), 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol (33%), and a range of organophosphorus flame retardants (19% to 98%). The environmental load of the top prioritized compounds in soil bed effluents were in the thousands of nanogram per liter range, viz. 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol (3000 ng L− 1), galaxolide (1400 ng L− 1), octocrylene (1200 ng L− 1), and α-tocopheryl acetate (660 ng L− 1).
  •  
37.
  • Brogowski, Zygmunt, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of opoka as a basis for its use in wastewater treatment
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 13:1, s. 15-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Opoka, as a silica-calcite sedimentary rock, occurs in south-eastern Europe and Russia. Stratigraphical studies down to 8 in depth were performed in Belzec, Poland, where samples were taken for further analyses. Vertical layers represented a heavy-weight opoka consisting of relatively more CaCO3 than the horizontal layers of lightweight opoka dominated by SiO2. Opoka had a mean bulk density of 1.34 g/cm(3), a porosity of 44.5 % and a specific surface area of 64 m(2)/g. Opoka, especially after heated to over 900degreesC can be used as reactive filter media for phosphorus removal. Maximum sorption capacity was 119.6 g PO4-P/ kg. Element analysis of the rock did not reveal any anomaly from that expected, and it was concluded that its element content does not devaluate opoka as a sorbent used in ecological wastewater treatment.
  •  
38.
  • Cucarella Cabañas, Victor (författare)
  • Phosphorus recycling from wastewater to agriculture using reactive filter media
  • 2007
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis focused on testing the suitability of reactive filter media used for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater as fertilizers, thus recycling P to agriculture. The work compared the P sorption capacity of several materials in order to assess their suitability as a source of P for plants. The selected materials (Filtra P, Polonite and wollastonite) were saturated with P and used as soil amendments in a pot experiment. The amendments tended to improve the yield of barley and ryegrass compared with no P addition. The amendments also increased soil pH, P availability and cation exchange capacity in the studied soils. The substrates studied here can be of particular interest for acid soils. Of the materials studied, Polonite appears to be the most suitable substrate for the recycling of P from wastewater to agriculture
  •  
39.
  • Cucarella Cabañas, Victor (författare)
  • Recycling Filter Substrates used for Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater as Soil Amendments
  • 2009
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis studied the viability of recycling filter substrates as soil amendments after being used in on-site systems for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater. Focus was put on the materials Filtra P and Polonite, which are commercial products used in compact filters in Sweden. A prerequisite for this choice was to review filter materials and P sorption capacity. The filter substrates (Filtra P, Polonite and wollastonite tailings) were recycled from laboratory infiltration columns as soil amendments to a neutral agricultural soil and to an acid meadow soil to study their impacts on soil properties and yield of barley and ryegrass. The amendments tended to improve the yield and showed a liming effect, significantly increasing soil pH and the availability of P. In another experiment, samples of Filtra P and Polonite were equilibrated in batch experiments with the two soils in order to study the P dynamics in the soil-substrate system.  Batch equilibrations confirmed the liming potential of Filtra P and Polonite and showed that improved P availability in soils was strongly dependent on substrate P concentration, phase of sorbed P, and soil type. Finally, samples of Polonite used for household wastewater treatment were recycled as soil amendments to a mountain meadow and to an agricultural field for wheat cropping. The liming effect of Polonite was confirmed under field conditions and the results were similar to those of lime for the mountain meadow soil. However, the results were quite different for the agricultural field, where Polonite did not affect soil pH or any other chemical and physical soil properties investigated and had no impact on wheat yield and quality. The results from field experiments suggested that Polonite can be safely recycled to meadows and cropping fields at rates of 5-10 ton ha-1 but long-term studies are needed to forecast the effects of accumulation.
  •  
40.
  • Cucarella, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Polonite used for phosphorus removal from wastewater on soil properties and fertility of a mountain meadow
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 157:7, s. 2147-2152
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reactive filter materials used for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater can be disposed of as soil amendments after treatment, thus recycling P and other macro- and micro-nutrients to plants. In addition, materials with a high pH and Ca content, such as Polonite, are potential soil conditioners which, can be particularly beneficial for acid soils. Polonite previously used for on-site wastewater treatment was applied as a soil amendment to a mountain meadow. The amendment significantly increased soil pH and decreased the hydrolytic acidity, thus reducing Al toxicity risks. The effects were comparable to those of liming. No difference in yield and P uptake by meadow plants was observed. The uptake of metals was lower for amended soils, especially the uptake of Mn. Using Polonite after wastewater treatment as a soil amendment is thus a viable disposal alternative that can replace liming, when necessary, being capable of recycling P and other nutrients to meadow plants.
  •  
41.
  • Cucarella, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of reactive substrates used for phosphorus removal from wastewater on the feritlity of acid soils
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:10, s. 4308-4314
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reactive substrates used in filter systems can reduce phosphorus (P) pollution and, once saturated with P, may be recycled in agriculture. These substrates are usually calcium carbonate derivates with high pH values, which may be particularly beneficial for acid soils. Three reactive substrates (Filtra P, Polonite and wollastonite) saturated with P were used as amendments to an acid soil in a pot experiment. Substrate amendments tended to improve ryegrass yield and P uptake compared with control and potassium phosphate treatments. Polonite produced the highest yield/amendment ratio, while Polonite and Filtra P significantly increased the concentrations of P and Ca in the ryegrass. Addition of all three substrates increased the pH, AL-extractable P and cation exchange capacity of soils during the experiment. These substrates can therefore be applied to acid soils in order to recycle P and improve soil properties.
  •  
42.
  • Cucarella, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Fertilizer potential of calcium-rich substrates used for phosphorus removal from wastewater
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 16:6, s. 817-822
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Phosphorus (P) in wastewater is an important source of pollution, but properly managed, it can become a resource. Reactive filter media with a high affinity for P are promising in reducing P from effluents allowing nutrient recycling. In this study, three calcium-rich substrates (Filtra P, Polonite, wollastonite) with ability to remove P from wastewater have been saturated with P and tested as potential fertilizers in a pot experiment. Polonite had a relatively higher P content than Filtra P and wollastonite after saturation. All three materials tended to improve the yield of barley compared with the control treatment. Polonite induced the highest yield per unit of amendment from all three materials due to its higher P content, which could be shown in a higher ammonium lactate (AL)-extractable P in soil after harvesting. The application of the substrates slightly increased soil pH and decreased the hydrolytic acidity.
  •  
43.
  • Cucarella, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus sorption capacity of filter materials used for on-site wastewater treatment determined in batch experiments – a comparative study
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 38, s. 381-392
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Increasing numbers of filter materials have been proposed as suitable media for P removal in on-site wastewater treatment systems. The phosphorus sorption capacity (PSC) of the material can be estimated in batch experiments and is commonly used as the criterion for material selection. However, there is no standard procedure and batch experimental parameters are arbitrarily established, thus leading to difficulties in comparing the results. The main parameters affecting the batch adsorption system are the form and amount of material, material-to-solution ratio, nature, pH and initial concentration of P solution, contact time, agitation, and temperature. This paper critically reviews a number of relevant studies that used batch experiments to estimate the PSC of different filter materials. The nature and form [if the materials vary significantly and there is broad variation in the batch experimental parameters set in the selected studies. Analysis of the data from selected studies showed a relationship between particle size or pH of the material and its PSC. The initial P concentration of the solution and the material-to-solution ratio in the batch system were found to be correlated with the estimated PSC suggesting that batch parameters have a great influence on the results. Based on the analysis of the selected studies, the difficulties Of using batch experiments are outlined, recommendations for batch experiment procedure ate suggested and a classification system for filter materials according to their PSC. and particle size is presented.
  •  
44.
  • Cucarella, Victor, et al. (författare)
  • Recycling of calcium-silicate material after wastewater filtration to agriculture -Soil condition impact
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1898-6196. ; 19:3, s. 373-382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reactive filter materials aimed at phosphorus (P) recovery is a novel method for on-site wastewater treatment. Once the bed filter is no longer effective, the sorbent must be replaced and can then be recycled as a soil amendment to agriculture. This study investigated the short-term effects of such amendments in a field with a wheat crop in order to evaluate the risks and/or potential benefits of this disposal option. The developed product Polonite (manufactured from Opoka) was used as a model filter sorbent in the field trial. Rates corresponding to approximately 6 and 8 tons per hectare were applied. In the short-term, this amending did not affect soil physical and sorption properties. The rate of Polonite used here, as P source for wheat was irrelevant in this kind of soil. The usefulness of this disposal option of exhausted filter material is discussed.
  •  
45.
  •  
46.
  • Earon, Robert, et al. (författare)
  • Initial Effects of a New Highway Section on Soil and Groundwater
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 223:8, s. 5413-5432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The environmental impacts of 16 different contaminants originating from the E18 Highway (17,510 annual average daily traffic) were studied over the initial months of the highway's operational life. Investigative methods used included electrical resistivity surveying, water chemistry analyses, soil analyses, distribution modeling, and transportation modeling of contaminants. The study conclusively showed a year-round infiltration due to melting of the snowpack from road salt, and a strong preferential, anthropogenic pathway due to increased hydraulic conductivities of road construction materials relative to in situ soils. The resistivity surveys produced values well below the expected values for the highway materials, indicating increased ionic content within the unsaturated zone. Time lapse resistivity modeling showed a clear downwards spreading of contamination from the roadway to subsurface distances greater than 5 m. Elevated concentrations of nearly every studied contaminant relative to baseline values were observed, with many metal concentrations within the snow pack averaging values in excess of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's groundwater limitations. Distribution modeling demonstrated a potential offset of peak values from the road surface due to plowing and splash transport processes, and indicated different distribution behavior during winter months than during summer months. One-dimensional transport modeling demonstrated the importance of adsorption and other retentive factors to the migration of contaminants to groundwater and provided an estimate for potential long-term contaminant concentrations.
  •  
47.
  • Eveborn, David (författare)
  • Bed filters for phosphorus removal in on-site wastewater treatment : Removal mechanisms and sustainability
  • 2010
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • For many surface waters, phosphorus (P) leaching is a serious problem that should be minimized to prevent eutrophication. In Sweden there is a demand for physical and technical development of high-performance P removal techniques to reduce phosphorus leaching from on-site wastewater treatment systems to the Baltic Sea. However, although these systems are designed to reduce eutrophication there are also other environmental impacts to be considered when implementing them in on-site systems; energy use and global warming potential are two examples. This study has investigated several bed filter materials (reactive media and natural soils) for their total environmental impact (in commercial applications) as well as for the predominating chemical phosphorus removal mechanisms. The use of life cycle assessment revealed that several reactive bed filters are relatively energy-consuming due to the material manufacturing process. Characterization of phosphorus compounds in used reactive media provided evidence for calcium phosphate precipitation as the predominating P removal mechanism in alkaline filter materials. However, in soil treatment systems with noncalcareous soils, batch experiments and extractions suggested that aluminium compounds were important for P removal. According to mass balance calculations that compared accumulated P with the estimated P load in a soil treatment system, the long term P removal capacity was very low; only 6.4 % of the applied phosphorus had been removed during 16 years of operation.
  •  
48.
  • Eveborn, David, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Phosphorus in soil treatment systems : accumulation and mobility
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 64, s. 42-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In several western countries, septic tanks with subsequent soil treatment systems (STS) are a common treatment technique for domestic wastewater in rural areas. However the suitability of STS (especially relatively close to surface waters) can be questioned since the discharge of phosphorus (P) from such effluents is not well known. In this study, six STS in Sweden (11 to 28 years old) were investigated by means of batch and column experiments on samples taken from the unsaturated subsoil beneath the distribution pipes. At all sites the wastewater had clearly influenced the soil. This was observed through decreased pH, increased amounts of oxalate extractable metals and altered P sorption properties. The amount of accumulated P in the STS (defined as the amount of total P in the STS samples minus the amount of total P in unused soil samples) were found to be between 0.32 and 0.87 kg m-3, which in most cases was just a small fraction of the estimated P load (< 30%). Column studies revealed that remarkably high P concentrations (up to 6 mg L-1) were leached from the material when deionized water was applied. However, the response to deionized water varied between the sites. The affinity for P in the soils was well correlated to the amount of oxalate-extractable aluminium (as evidenced by a strong relationship between oxalate-extractable Al and oxalate-extractable P) and generally soils with high content of oxalate extractable Al was also less vulnerable to P leakage.
  •  
49.
  • Eveborn, David, 1978- (författare)
  • Sustainable phosphorus removal in onsite wastewater treatment
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Aquatic eutrophication is a serious environmental problem that occurs all over the world. To protect surface waters (in particular the Baltic Sea), the regulatory pressure on onsite wastewater treatment (OWT) systems have increased in Sweden. Stringent requirements have led to uncertainties regarding the capability of conventional treatment techniques (soil treatment systems (STS)) to remove phosphorus (P), but they have also stimulated the development and introduction of enhanced P treatment techniques. In this thesis the accumulation and mobility of P as well as the chemical P removal mechanisms were studied in soils and reactive filter media. This knowledge was then used in environmental systems analysis. A model based on life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was developed to evaluate the overall environmental performance of conventional and enhanced P treatment systems under various local conditions. The P accumulation in the studied STS varied (320-870 g m-3) and the accumulated P was rather mobile in some soils. Phosphorus compounds were identified in alkaline reactive filter media (calcium phosphates predominated) by means of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). In sandy soils from STS aluminium was found to be a key element for P removal, as evidenced by a strong relationship between oxalate-extractable P and Al. The LCA studies indicated that enhanced P treatment systems may be beneficial from an eutrophication and P recycling perspective but causes increased impacts in terms of global warming and acidification. Despite the drawbacks, enhanced P treatment techniques should be considered suitable substitutes to surface water discharge STS under most conditions. This is because the latter systems have such a strong eutrophication impact. On the other hand, under appropriate conditions, STS with groundwater discharge may be advantageous. These systems generally caused low environmental impacts except for the dispersion of P resources. 
  •  
50.
  • Gros Calvo, Meritxell, et al. (författare)
  • Screening and prioritization of micropollutants in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 328, s. 37-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A comprehensive screening of micropollutants was performed in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs) and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Sweden. A suspect screening approach, using high resolution mass spectrometry, was developed and used in combination with target analysis. With this strategy, a total number of 79 micropollutants were successfully identified, which belong to the groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pesticides, phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results from this screening indicate that concentrations of micropollutants are similar in influents and effluents of OSSFs and WWTPs, respectively. Removal efficiencies of micropollutants were assessed in the OSSFs and compared with those observed in WWTPs. In general, removal of PFASs and PFRs was higher in package treatment OSSFs, which are based on biological treatments, while removal of PPCPs was more efficient in soil bed OSSFs. A novel comprehensive prioritization strategy was then developed to identify OSSF specific chemicals of environmental relevance. The strategy was based on the compound concentrations in the wastewater, removal efficiency, frequency of detection in OSSFs and on in silico based data for toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation potential.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 136
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (66)
konferensbidrag (17)
annan publikation (16)
doktorsavhandling (13)
licentiatavhandling (10)
rapport (7)
visa fler...
patent (3)
bokkapitel (2)
recension (2)
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (71)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (62)
populärvet., debatt m.m. (3)
Författare/redaktör
Renman, Gunno (123)
Renman, Agnieszka (31)
Hallberg, Magnus (15)
Wörman, Anders (8)
Renman, Gunno, Profe ... (8)
Hamisi, Rajabu (8)
visa fler...
Zhang, Wen (8)
Kietlinska, Agnieszk ... (8)
Gustafsson, Jon-Pett ... (7)
Thunvik, Roger (7)
Cucarella, Victor (7)
Gustafsson, Jon Pett ... (6)
Johansson, Lena, 196 ... (6)
Ahrens, Lutz (5)
Wiberg, Karin (5)
Hamisi, Rajabu, 1978 ... (5)
Klysubun, Wantana (4)
Haglund, Peter (4)
Hylander, Lars D (4)
Mazurek, Ryszard (4)
Zaleski, Tomasz (4)
Simán, Gyulá (4)
Kholoma, Ezekiel, 19 ... (4)
Gros Calvo, Meritxel ... (3)
Andersson, Patrik L (3)
Tham, Gustav (3)
Hylander, Lars (3)
Johansson, Lena (3)
Blum, Kristin M. (3)
Berndtsson, Liselott (3)
Ridderstolpe, Peter (3)
Drizo, Aleksandra (3)
Kholoma, Ezekiel (3)
Marobhe, Nancy (3)
Jackson, Msafiri (3)
Mkumbo, Stalin (3)
Olofsson, Bo (2)
Jacks, Gunnar (2)
Nilsson, Charlotte (2)
Cucarella Cabañas, V ... (2)
Gago-Ferrero, Pablo (2)
Johansson Westholm, ... (2)
Langaas, Sindre (2)
Gustafsson, Jon Pett ... (2)
Eveborn, David, 1978 ... (2)
Kärrman, Erik, PhD (2)
Jernstedt, Henrik (2)
Brokking Balfors, Be ... (2)
Hylander, Lars Danie ... (2)
Renman, Agnieszka, 1 ... (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (128)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (9)
Mälardalens universitet (8)
Uppsala universitet (6)
Umeå universitet (5)
Örebro universitet (2)
visa fler...
Chalmers tekniska högskola (2)
Stockholms universitet (1)
Lunds universitet (1)
RISE (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (126)
Svenska (10)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Teknik (99)
Naturvetenskap (31)
Lantbruksvetenskap (5)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy