| 1. |
- Kanders, Sofia H., et al.
(författare)
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A pharmacogenetic risk score for the evaluation of major depression severity under treatment with antidepressants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Drug development research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0272-4391 .- 1098-2299. ; 81:1, s. 102-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The severity of symptoms as well as efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD) is modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different genes, which may contribute in an additive or synergistic fashion. We aimed to investigate depression severity in participants with MDD under treatment with antidepressants in relation to the combinatory effect of selected genetic variants combined using a genetic risk score (GRS). The sample included 150 MDD patients on regular AD therapy from the population‐based Swiss PsyCoLaus cohort. We investigated 44 SNPs previously associated with antidepressant response by ranking them with regard to their association to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CES‐D) score using random forest. The three top scoring SNPs (rs12248560, rs878567, rs17710780) were subsequently combined into an unweighted GRS, which was included in linear and logistic regression models using the CES‐D score, occurrence of a major depressive episode (MDE) during follow‐up and regular antidepressant treatment during the 6 months preceding follow‐up assessment as outcomes. The GRS was associated with MDE occurrence (p = .02) and ln CES‐D score (p = .001). The HTR1A rs878567 variant was associated with ln CES‐D after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables [p = .02, lower scores for minor allele (G) carriers]. Additionally, rs12248560 (CYP2C19 ) CC homozygotes showed a six‐fold higher likelihood of regular AD therapy at follow‐up compared to minor allele homozygotes [TT; ultrarapid metabolizers (p = .03)]. Our study suggests that the cumulative consideration of pharmacogenetic risk variants more reliably reflects the impact of the genetic background on depression severity than individual SNPs.
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| 2. |
- Pisanu, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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Major depression subtypes are differentially associated with migraine subtype, prevalence and severity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cephalalgia. - : SAGE Publications. - 0333-1024 .- 1468-2982. ; 40:4, s. 347-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Migraine and major depressive disorder show a high rate of comorbidity, but little is known about the associations between the subtypes of major depressive disorder and migraine. In this cross-sectional study we aimed at investigating a) the lifetime associations between the atypical, melancholic, combined and unspecified subtype of major depressive disorder and migraine with and without aura and b) the associations between major depressive disorder and its subtypes and the severity of migraine.METHODS: A total of 446 subjects with migraine (migraine without aura: n = 294; migraine with aura: n = 152) and 2511 controls from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study, Switzerland, were included. Associations between major depressive disorder subtypes and migraine characteristics were tested using binary logistic or linear regression.RESULTS: Melancholic, combined and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with increased frequency of migraine with aura, whereas only melancholic major depressive disorder was associated with increased frequency of migraine without aura. Lifetime and unspecified major depressive disorder were associated with severe migraine intensity among subjects with migraine with aura but not migraine without aura, while combined major depressive disorder was associated with higher migraine frequency independently from migraine subtype.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that melancholic but not atypical major depressive disorder is associated with migraine and migraine subtypes. Future studies exploring pathophysiological mechanisms shared between melancholic depression and migraine are warranted.
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| 3. |
- Posey, Victoria A., et al.
(författare)
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Two-dimensional heavy fermions in the van der Waals metal CeSiI
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7995, s. 483-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy-fermion metals are prototype systems for observing emergent quantum phases driven by electronic interactions1-6. A long-standing aspiration is the dimensional reduction of these materials to exert control over their quantum phases7-11, which remains a significant challenge because traditional intermetallic heavy-fermion compounds have three-dimensional atomic and electronic structures. Here we report comprehensive thermodynamic and spectroscopic evidence of an antiferromagnetically ordered heavy-fermion ground state in CeSiI, an intermetallic comprising two-dimensional (2D) metallic sheets held together by weak interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Owing to its vdW nature, CeSiI has a quasi-2D electronic structure, and we can control its physical dimension through exfoliation. The emergence of coherent hybridization of f and conduction electrons at low temperature is supported by the temperature evolution of angle-resolved photoemission and scanning tunnelling spectra near the Fermi level and by heat capacity measurements. Electrical transport measurements on few-layer flakes reveal heavy-fermion behaviour and magnetic order down to the ultra-thin regime. Our work establishes CeSiI and related materials as a unique platform for studying dimensionally confined heavy fermions in bulk crystals and employing 2D device fabrication techniques and vdW heterostructures12 to manipulate the interplay between Kondo screening, magnetic order and proximity effects.
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| 4. |
- Shabani, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Optical Properties of Au-Doped Titanium Nitride Nanostructures : a Connection Between Density Functional Theory and Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plasmonics. - : SPRINGER. - 1557-1955 .- 1557-1963. ; 14:6, s. 1871-1879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a computational method to investigate optical properties of materials using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We show our method in the framework of an example for analyzing the effect of Au doping on optical transmission behavior of TiN compounds with a given geometry. First, DFT is employed based on generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation potential to investigate the electronic properties as well as dielectric function of TiN with respect to different percentages of doped Au. Our results reveal a growth in the imaginary part of dielectric function for energies below 4 eV by increasing Au doping level due to compression of Ti(1-x)Aux(N) DOS into the Fermi energy. In order to clarify the impact of Au doping on the optical behavior of Ti1-xAuxN with a given geometry, the optical dielectric function calculated from DFT was used as an input data for FDTD method to simulate a perforated surface plasmon system originated from Ti1-xAuxN-dielectric configuration via Optiwave package. It is observed that an increase in the Au level decreases the transmission intensity of excited modes of the perforated surface plasmon system, which is in agreement with the observed behavior for the imaginary part of dielectric function from DFT calculations. This implies that an enhanced imaginary part of dielectric function leads to more energy dissipation and finally less transmitted wave. The proposed method enables us to simulate optical properties of a wide range of compounds with arbitrary geometries and material-specific properties.
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