1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
|
|
3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
|
|
4. |
- Akhtar, Abid Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
-
Ramadan fasting : Recommendations for patients with cardiovascular disease
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 108:4, s. 258-265
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ramadan fasting is observed by most of the 1.8 billion Muslims around the world. It lasts for 1 month per the lunar calendar year and is the abstention from any food and drink from dawn to sunset. While recommendations on 'safe' fasting exist for patients with some chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, guidance for patients with cardiovascular disease is lacking. We reviewed the literature to help healthcare professionals educate, discuss and manage patients with cardiovascular conditions, who are considering fasting. Studies on the safety of Ramadan fasting in patients with cardiac disease are sparse, observational, of small sample size and have short follow-up. Using expert consensus and a recognised framework, we risk stratified patients into 'low or moderate risk', for example, stable angina or non-severe heart failure; 'high risk', for example, poorly controlled arrhythmias or recent myocardial infarction; and 'very high risk', for example, advanced heart failure. The 'low-moderate risk' group may fast, provided their medications and clinical conditions allow. The 'high' or 'very high risk' groups should not fast and may consider safe alternatives such as non-consecutive fasts or fasting shorter days, for example, during winter. All patients who are fasting should be educated before Ramadan on their risk and management (including the risk of dehydration, fluid overload and terminating the fast if they become unwell) and reviewed after Ramadan to reassess their risk status and condition. Further studies to clarify the benefits and risks of fasting on the cardiovascular system in patients with different cardiovascular conditions should help refine these recommendations.
|
|
5. |
- Arata, Allegra, et al.
(författare)
-
Sex Differences in Heart Failure : What Do We Know?
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease. - 2308-3425. ; 10:7
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highlights: Women predominantly exhibit HFpEF compared to men. Factors exclusive to women, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes and premature menopause, elevate the risk of HF. The establishment of sex-specific optimal drug dosages and concrete guidelines for device therapy is essential. Concerted multidisciplinary initiatives are crucial to bridge the existing sex disparities in HF management. Heart failure (HF) remains an important global health issue, substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological studies, men and women face nearly equivalent lifetime risks for HF. However, their experiences diverge significantly when it comes to HF subtypes: men tend to develop HF with reduced ejection fraction more frequently, whereas women are predominantly affected by HF with preserved ejection fraction. This divergence underlines the presence of numerous sex-based disparities across various facets of HF, encompassing aspects such as risk factors, clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and response to therapy. Despite these apparent discrepancies, our understanding of them is far from complete, with key knowledge gaps still existing. Current guidelines from various professional societies acknowledge the existence of sex-based differences in HF management, yet they are lacking in providing explicit, actionable recommendations tailored to these differences. In this comprehensive review, we delve deeper into these sex-specific differences within the context of HF, critically examining associated definitions, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. We provide a specific emphasis on aspects exclusive to women, such as the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension and premature menopause, as these unique factors warrant greater attention in the broader HF discussion. Additionally, we aim to clarify ongoing controversies and knowledge gaps pertaining to the pharmacological treatment of HF and the sex-specific indications for cardiac implantable electronic devices. By shining a light on these issues, we hope to stimulate a more nuanced understanding and promote the development of more sex-responsive approaches in HF management.
|
|
6. |
- Archilletti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
-
Coronary angiography- or fractional flow reserve-guided complete revascularization in multivessel disease STEMI : A Bayesian hierarchical network meta-analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 370, s. 122-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To identify the best strategy to achieve complete revascularization (CR) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multi-vessel disease (MVD). Methods and results: We systematically reviewed the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IRA-only PCI and CR guided by angiography or fractional flow reserve (FFR) in MVD-STEMI. Both frequentist (classical) and Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed, including a comparative hierarchy estimation of the probability to reduce the primary composite endpoint of all-cause death and new myocardial infarction (MI). We identified 11 RCTs, including 8193 STEMI patients. Compared with IRA-only strategy, CR significantly reduced the primary endpoint (OR: 0.73; 95%CI0.55–0.97). We observed non-significant difference between angiography and FFR guidance in reducing the primary endpoint (OR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.35–1.57). The Bayesian probability analysis ranked angio-guided CR as the best intervention yielding lowest risk of all-cause death or new MI (SUCRA92%). Conclusions: In patients with MVD-STEMI, CR is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality and new MI compared with IRA-only PCI. Angio-guided CR is associated with the lowest risk of all-cause death or new MI, therefore the role of FFR-guidance in this setting is questionable. Condensed abstract: Both frequentist and Bayesian network meta-analysis were performed to compare infarct-related artery (IRA)-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and complete revascularization (CR) guided by angiography or fractional flow reserve (FFR) in multivessel disease (MVD) and acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Eleven randomized controlled trials were identified, including 8193 STEMI patients. Compared with IRA-only strategy, CR significantly reduced the incidence of the composite endpoint of all-cause death and new myocardial infarction without significant difference in angio-guided and FFR-guided CR. The Bayesian probability analysis ranked angio-guided CR as the best intervention yielding lowest risk of the composite endpoint and, therefore the role of FFR-guidance in this setting is questionable.
|
|
7. |
- Archilletti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
-
Timing of mechanical circulatory support during primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock : Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. - : Wiley. - 1522-1946 .- 1522-726X. ; 99:4, s. 998-1005
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aim to define whether the timing of microaxial left ventricular assist device (IMLVAD) implantation might impact on mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cardiogenic shock (CS) patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Background: Despite the widespread use of PPCI, mortality in patients with AMI and CS remains high. Mechanical circulatory support is a promising bridge to recovery strategy, but evidence on its benefit is still inconclusive and the optimal timing of its utilization remains poorly explored. Methods: We compared clinical outcomes of upstream IMLVAD use before PPCI versus bailout use after PPCI in patients with AMI CS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the two strategies were performed. Effect size was reported as odds ratio (OR) using bailout as reference group and a random effect model was used. Study-level risk estimates were pooled through the generic inverse variance method (random effect model). Results: A total of 11 observational studies were identified, including a pooled population of 6759 AMI-CS patients. Compared with a bailout approach, upstream IMLVAD was associated with significant reduction of 30-day (OR = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51–0.82; I2 = 43%, adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.37–0.59; I2 = 3%, test for subgroup difference p = 0.30), 6-month (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.96; I2 = 66%), and 1-year (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.39–0.79; I2 = 0%) all-cause mortality. Incidence of access-related bleeding, acute limb ischemia and transfusion outcomes were similar between the two strategies. Conclusion: In patients with AMI-CS undergoing PPCI, upstream IMLVAD was associated with reduced early and midterm all-cause mortality when compared with a bailout strategy.
|
|
8. |
- Bisaccia, Giandomenico, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease : a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Current Problems in Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806 .- 1535-6280. ; 48:6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor is debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the CV morbidity and mortality related to NAFLD in the general population, and to determine whether CV risk is comparable between lean and non-lean NAFLD phenotypes.METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, for observational studies published through 2022 that reported the risk of CV events and mortality. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality, CV mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were assessed through random-effect meta-analysis. We identified 33 studies and a total study population of 10,592,851 individuals (mean age 53±8; male sex 50%; NAFLD 2,9%). Mean follow-up was 10±6 years. Pooled ORs for all-cause and CV mortality were respectively 1.14 (95%CI 0.78-1.67) and 1.13 (95%CI 0.57-2.23), indicating no significant association between NAFLD and mortality. NAFLD was associated with increased risk of MI (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.5-1.7), stroke (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.1), atrial fibrillation (OR 1.7; 95%CI 1.2-2.3) and MACCE (OR 2.3; 95%CI 1.3-4.2). Compared with non-lean NAFLD, lean NAFLD was associated with increased CV mortality (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.1-2.0), but similar all-cause mortality and risk of MACCE.CONCLUSIONS: While NAFLD may not be a risk factor for total and CV mortality, it is associated with excess risk of non-fatal CV events. Lean and non-lean NAFLD phenotypes exhibit distinct prognostic profiles and should receive equitable clinical care.
|
|
9. |
- Bisaccia, Giandomenico, et al.
(författare)
-
Mitochondrial dysfunction and heart disease : Critical appraisal of an overlooked association
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:2
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The myocardium is among the most energy-consuming tissues in the body, burning from 6 to 30 kg of ATP per day within the mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of the cardiomyocyte. Although mitochondrial genetic disorders account for a small portion of cardiomyopathies, mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly involved in a broad spectrum of heart diseases, and it has been implicated in the development of heart failure via maladaptive circuits producing and perpetuating mitochondrial stress and energy starvation. In this bench-to-bedside review, we aimed to (i) describe the key functions of the mitochondria within the myocardium, including their role in ischemia/reperfusion injury and intracellular calcium homeostasis; (ii) examine the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to multiple cardiac disease phenotypes and their transition to heart failure; and (iii) discuss the rationale and current evidence for targeting mitochondrial function for the treatment of heart failure, including via sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
|
|
10. |
- Bisaccia, Giandomenico, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction : What Do We Know?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease. - : MDPI AG. - 2308-3425. ; 8:11, s. 1-15
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or long COVID syndrome, is emerging as a major health issue in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms commonly experienced by patients include fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and "brain fog". Additionally, symptoms of orthostatic intolerance and syncope suggest the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Signs of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction appear to be common in PASC and are similar to those observed in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. In this review, we report on the epidemiology of PASC, discuss current evidence and possible mechanisms underpinning the dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, and suggest nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions to treat and relieve symptoms of PASC-associated dysautonomia.
|
|
11. |
- Bisaccia, Giandomenico, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin in Women
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Biomolecules. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-273X. ; 12:10
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have become the gold standard for diagnosing acute and chronic myocardial injury. The detection of troponin levels beyond the 99th percentile is included in the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction, specifically recommending the use of sex-specific thresholds. Measurable concentrations below the proposed diagnostic thresholds have been shown to inform prognosis in different categories of inpatients and outpatients. However, clinical investigations from the last twenty years have yielded conflicting results regarding the incremental value of using different cut-offs for men and women. While advocates of a sex-specific approach claim it may help reduce gender bias in cardiovascular medicine, particularly in acute coronary syndromes, other groups question the alleged incremental diagnostic and prognostic value of sex-specific thresholds, ultimately asserting that less is more. In the present review, we aimed to synthesize our current understanding of sex-based differences in cardiac troponin levels and to reappraise the available evidence with regard to (i) the prognostic significance of sex-specific diagnostic thresholds of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays compared to common cut-offs in both men and women undergoing cardiovascular disease risk assessment, and (ii) the clinical utility of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for cardiovascular disease prevention in women.
|
|
12. |
- Caprio, Maria Vittoria, et al.
(författare)
-
Moderate aortic stenosis : Navigating the uncharted
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Echocardiography. - 0742-2822. ; 41:6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aortic stenosis (AS) stands as the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and is characterized by progressive narrowing of the aortic valve orifice resulting in elevated transvalvular flow resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy, and progressive increased risk of heart failure and sudden death. This narrative review explores clinical challenges and evolving perspectives in moderate AS, where discrepancies between aortic valve area and pressure gradient measurements may pose diagnostic and therapeutic quandaries. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for AS evaluation, yet cases of discordance may require the application of ancillary noninvasive diagnostic modalities. This review underscores the importance of accurate grading of AS severity, especially in low-gradient phenotypes, emphasizing the need for vigilant follow-up. Current clinical guidelines primarily recommend aortic valve replacement for severe AS, potentially overlooking latent risks in moderate disease stages. The noninvasive multimodality imaging approach—including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and nuclear techniques—provides unique insights into adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling in AS and offers a promising avenue to deliver precise indications and exact timing for intervention in moderate AS phenotypes and asymptomatic patients, potentially improving long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, what we may have gleaned from a large amount of observational data is still insufficient to build a robust framework for clinical decision-making in moderate AS. Future research will prioritize randomized clinical trials designed to weigh the benefits and risks of preemptive aortic valve replacement in the management of moderate AS, as directed by specific imaging and nonimaging biomarkers.
|
|
13. |
- Carrington, Mafalda, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Defibrillator Use in Sports
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young athletes is rare, with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.1 to 2 per 100,000 per athlete year. The creation of SCA registries can help provide accurate data regarding incidence, treatment, and outcomes and help implement primary or secondary prevention strategies that could change the course of these events. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are the most important determinants of survival and neurological prognosis in individuals who suffer from SCA. Compared with the general population, individuals with clinically silent cardiac disease who practice regular physical exercise are at increased risk of SCA events. While the implementation of national preparticipation screening has been largely debated, with no current consensus, the number of athletes who will be diagnosed with cardiac disease and have an indication for implantable defibrillator cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is unknown. Many victims of SCA do not have a previous cardiac diagnosis. Therefore, the appropriate use and availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public spaces is the crucial part of the integrated response to prevent these fatalities both for participating athletes and for spectators. Governments and sports institutions should invest and educate members of the public, security, and healthcare professionals in immediate initiation of CPR and early AED use. Smartphone apps could play an integral part to allow bystanders to alert the emergency services and CPR trained responders and locate and utilize the nearest AED to positively influence the outcomes by strengthening the chain of survival. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on sudden cardiac death prevention among young athletes and to provide some guidance on strategies that can be implemented by governments and on the novel tools that can help save these lives.
|
|
14. |
- Cavarretta, Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of echocardiography in sports cardiology : An expert opinion statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SIC sport)
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - 0167-5273. ; 410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is routinely required during pre-participation screening in the presence of symptoms, family history of sudden cardiac death or cardiomyopathies <40-year-old, murmurs, abnormal ECG findings or in the follow-up of athletes with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). TTE is a cost-effective first-line imaging modality to evaluate the cardiac remodeling due to long-term, intense training, previously known as the athlete's heart, and to rule out the presence of conditions at risk of sudden cardiac death, including cardiomyopathies, coronary artery anomalies, congenital, aortic and heart valve diseases. Moreover, TTE is useful for distinguishing physiological cardiac adaptations during intense exercise from pathological behavior due to an underlying CVD. In this expert opinion statement endorsed by the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology, we discussed common clinical scenarios where a TTE is required and conditions falling in the grey zone between the athlete's heart and underlying cardiomyopathies or other CVD. In addition, we propose a minimum dataset that should be included in the report for the most common indications of TTE in sports cardiology clinical practice.
|
|
15. |
- Ceriello, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Massive necrotizing myocarditis in a young patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IMAGING. - : Akademiai Kiado Zrt.. - 2732-0960. ; 14:1, s. 66-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 27-years-old female with multiple autoimmune disorders presented to our cardiology unit for acute chest pain and worsening dyspnoea. Admission blood tests revealed increased serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin, eosinophilic count and C-reactive protein. Laboratory findings, low QRS voltages by ECG, mildly reduced left ventricular systolic function in the context of pseudohypertrophy, mild and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement associated with markedly increased native T1 and T2 mapping levels assessed by echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, raised the suspicion of massive eosinophilic myocarditis, subsequently confirmed by histological examination of endomyocardial biopsy. Prompt initiation of immunosuppressive treatment allowed swift regression of myocardial inflammation and full recovery of left ventricular systolic function within one month. After ruling-out clonal myeloid disorder, lymphocyte-variant and reactive hypereosinophilia, the young lady was eventually diagnosed with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This case report turns the spotlight on the role and importance of advanced multi-modality cardiovascular imaging for raising clinical suspicion of acute eosinophilic myocarditis, guiding diagnostic work-up and monitoring response to treatment.
|
|
16. |
- Chong, Jun Hua, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiology training using technology
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-9645 .- 0195-668X. ; 42:15, s. 1453-1455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
17. |
- Chong, Jun Hua, et al.
(författare)
-
Covid-19 and the digitalisation of cardiovascular training and education—a review of guiding themes for equitable and effective post-graduate telelearning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedented impact leading to novel adaptations in post-graduate medical education for cardiovascular and general internal medicine. Whilst the results of initial community COVID-19 vaccination are awaited, continuation of multimodality teaching and training that incorporates telelearning will have enduring benefit to post-graduate education and will place educational establishments in good stead to nimbly respond in future pandemic-related public health emergencies. With the rise in innovative virtual learning solutions, medical educators will have to leverage technology to develop electronic educational materials and virtual courses that facilitate adult learning. Technology-enabled virtual learning is thus a timely progression of hybrid classroom initiatives that are already adopted to varying degrees, with a need for faculty to serve as subject matter experts, to host and moderate online discussions, and to provide feedback and overall mentorship. As an extension from existing efforts, simulation-based teaching (SBT) and learning and the use of mixed reality technology should also form a greater core in the cardiovascular medicine curriculum. We highlight five foundational themes for building a successful e-learning model in cardiovascular and general post-graduate medical training: (1) digital solutions and associated infrastructure; (2) equity in access; (3) participant engagement; (4) diversity and inclusion; and (5) patient confidentiality and governance framework. With digitalisation impacting our everyday lives and now how we teach and train in medicine, these five guiding principles provide a cognitive scaffold for careful consideration of the required ecosystem in which cardiovascular and general post-graduate medical education can effectively operate. With due consideration of various e-learning options and associated infrastructure needs; and adoption of strategies for participant engagement under sound and just governance, virtual training in medicine can be effective, inclusive and equitable through the COVID-19 era and beyond.
|
|
18. |
- Clark, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
-
Interchangeability in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Measured by Echocardiography and cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Not a Perfect Match in the Real World
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Current Problems in Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-2806. ; 48:8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparisons of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have been reported in core-lab settings but are limited in the real-world setting. We retrospectively identified outpatients from 4 hospital sites who had clinically indicated quantitative assessment of LVEFTTE and LVEFCMR and evaluated their concordance. In 767 patients (mean age 47.6 years; 67.9% males) the median inter-modality interval was 35 days. There was significant positive correlation between the 2 modalities (r = 0.75; P < 0.001). Median LVEF was 54% (IQR 47%, 60%) for TTE and 59% (IQR 51%, 64%) for CMR, (P < 0.001). Normal LVEFTTE was confirmed by CMR in 90.6% of cases. Of patients with severely impaired LVEFTTE, 42.3% were upwardly reclassified by CMR as less severely impaired. The overall proportion of patients that had their LVEF category confirmed by both imaging modalities was 64.4%; Cohen's Kappa 0.41, indicating fair-to-moderate agreement. Overall, CMR upwardly reclassified 28% of patients using the British Society of Echocardiography LVEF grading, 18.6% using the European Society of Cardiology heart failure classification, and 29.6% using specific reference ranges for each modality. In a multi-site “real-worldˮ clinical setting, there was significant discrepancy between LVEFTTE and LVEFCMR measurement. Only 64.4% had their LVEF category confirmed by both imaging modalities. LVEFTTE was generally lower than LVEFCMR. LVEFCMR upwardly reclassified almost half of patients with severe LV dysfunction by LVEFTTE. Clinicians should consider the inter-modality variation before making therapeutic recommendations, particularly as clinical trial LVEF thresholds have historically been guided by echocardiography.
|
|
19. |
- Cunha-Goncalves, Doris, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Body Position on Lung Deposition of Nebulized Surfactant in Newborn Piglets on Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Neonatology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-7800 .- 1661-7819. ; 117:4, s. 467-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The ideal body position during surfactant nebulization is not known. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether body positioning during surfactant nebulization influences surfactant distribution and deposition in the lungs. Methods: Twenty-four 12- to 36-h-old full-termpiglets (1.3-2.2 kg) on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) were randomized into four groups: lateral decubitus with right or left side up, prone or supine positions (n = 6 each). All animals received 200 mg kg-1 of poractant alfa mixed with 200 MBq of 99mtechnetium-nanocolloid via a customized eFlow-Neos investigational vibrating-membrane nebulizer. Surfactant deposition (percentage of the administered dose) was measured by gamma scintigraphy. Results: Comparing all groups, the mean total lung surfactant deposition was significantly higher in the prone position (32.4 ± 7.7%, p = 0.03). The deposition in this group was higher in the right lung (21.0 ± 8.6 vs. 11.3 ± 5.7%, p = 0.04). When nebulization was performed in the lateral decubitus, most of the surfactant was found in the dependent lung, regardless of which side the piglet lay on (right side up 15.3 ± 1.0 vs. 3.4 ± 1.0%, p = 0.06, and left side up 11.2 ± 9.8 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: In spontaneously breathing animals on nCPAP, the prone position yielded the highest lung dose. Higher deposition rates in the dependent lung while on lateral decubitus indicates that deposition was also influenced by gravity.
|
|
20. |
- De Caterina, Raffaele, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral anticoagulants in coronary heart disease (Section IV) Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis - Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 115:4, s. 685-711
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) were the only available oral anticoagulants evaluated for long-term treatment of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite efficacy in this setting, VKAs are rarely used because they are cumbersome to administer. Instead, the more readily manageable antiplatelet agents are the mainstay of prevention in ACS patients. This situation has the potential to change with the introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which are easier to administer than VKAs because they can be given in fixed doses without routine coagulation monitoring. The NOACs include dabigatran, which inhibits thrombin, and apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban, which inhibit factor Xa. Apixaban and rivaroxaban were evaluated in phase III trials for prevention of recurrent ischaemia in ACS patients, most of whom were also receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Although at the doses tested rivaroxaban was effective and apixaban was not, both agents increased major bleeding. The role for the NOACs in ACS management, although promising, is therefore complicated, because it is uncertain how they compare with newer antiplatelet agents, such as prasugrel, ticagrelor or vorapaxar, and because their safety in combination with these other drugs is unknown. Ongoing studies are also now evaluating the use of NOACs in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients, where their role is established, with coexistent ACS or coronary stenting. Focusing on CHD, we review the results of clinical trials with the NOACs and provide a perspective on their future incorporation into clinical practice.
|
|
21. |
- De Innocentiis, Carlo, et al.
(författare)
-
Athlete’s Heart : Diagnostic Challenges and Future Perspectives
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 48:11, s. 2463-2477
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive cardiovascular response to exercise is crucial to prevent the unnecessary termination of an athlete’s career and to minimize the risk of sudden death. This is a challenging task essentially due to the substantial phenotypic overlap between electrical and structural changes seen in the physiological athletic heart remodeling and pathological changes seen in inherited or acquired cardiomyopathies. Stress testing is an ideal tool to discriminate normal from abnormal cardiovascular response by unmasking subtle pathologic responses otherwise undetectable at rest. Treadmill or bicycle electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing are common clinical investigations used in sports cardiology, specifically among participants presenting with resting electrocardiographic abnormalities, frequent premature ventricular beats, or non-sustained ventricular arrhythmias. In this setting, as well as in cases of left ventricular hypertrophy or asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, stress imaging and myocardial tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance show promise. In this review, we aimed to reappraise current diagnostic schemes, screening strategies and novel approaches that may be used to distinguish adaptive remodeling patterns to physical exercise from early phenotypes of inherited or acquired pathological conditions commanding prompt intervention.
|
|
22. |
|
|
23. |
- Di Mauro, Michele, et al.
(författare)
-
The best approach for functional tricuspid regurgitation : A network meta-analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cardiac Surgery. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0886-0440 .- 1540-8191. ; 36:6, s. 2072-2080
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: For many years, functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) was considered negligible after treatment of left-sided heart valve surgery. The aim of the present network meta-analysis is to summarize the results of four approaches to establish the possible gold standard. Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify all publications reporting the outcomes of four approaches for FTR, not tricuspid annuloplasty (no TA), suture annuloplasty (SA), flexible (FRA), rigid rings (RRA). All studies reporting at least one the four endpoints (early and late mortality, early and late moderate or more TFR) were included in a Bayesian network meta-analysis. Results: There were 31 included studies with 9663 patients. Aggregate early mortality was 5.3% no TA, 7.2% SA, 6.6% FRA, and 6.4% RRA; early TR moderate-or-more was 9.6%, 4.8%, 4.6%, and 3.8%; late mortality was 22.5%, 18.2%, 11.9%, and 11.9%; late TR moderate-or-more was 27.9%, 18.3%, 14.3%, and 6.4%. Rigid or semirigid ring annuloplasty was the most effective approach for decreasing the risk of late moderate or more FTR (–85% vs. no TA; –64% vs. SA; –32% vs. FRA). Concerning late mortality, no significant differences were found among different surgical approaches; however, flexible or rigid rings reduced significantly the risk of late mortality (78% and 47%, respectively) compared with not performing TA mortality. No differences were found for early outcomes. Conclusions: Ring annuloplasty seems to offer better late outcomes compare to either suture annuloplasty or not performing TA. In particular rigid or semirigid rings provide more stable FTR across time.
|
|
24. |
- Doimo, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Tissue-tracking in the assessment of late gadolinium enhancement in myocarditis and myocardial infarction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0730-725X. ; 73, s. 62-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To test the diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue-tracking (TT) to detect the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in patients with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) or myocarditis (MYO), preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and no visual regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA). Methods: We selected consecutive CMR studies of 50 MI, 50 MYO and 96 controls. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve and net reclassification index (NRI) analyses were used to assess the predictive ability and the incremental diagnostic yield of 2D and 3D TT-derived strain parameters for the detection of LGE and to measure the best cut-off values of strain parameters. Results: Overall, cases showed significantly reduced 2D global longitudinal strain (2D-GLS) values compared with controls (−20.1 ± 3.1% vs −21.6 ± 2.7%; p = 0.0008). 2D-GLS was also significantly reduced in MYO patients compared with healthy controls (−19.7 ± 2.9% vs −21.9 ± 2.4%; p = 0.0001). 3D global radial strain (3D-GRS) was significantly reduced in MI patients compared with controls with risk factors (34.3 ± 11.8% vs 40.3 ± 12.5%, p = 0.024) Overall, 2D-GLS yielded good diagnostic accuracy for the detection of LGE in the MYO subgroup (AUROC 0.79; NRI (95% CI) = 0.6 (0.3, 1.02) p = 0.0004), with incremental predictive value beyond risk factors and LV function parameters (p for AUROC difference = 0.048). In the MI subgroup, 2D-GRS (AUROC 0.81; NRI (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.17, 0.95) p = 0.004), 3D-GRS (AUROC 0.82; NRI (95% CI) = 0.57 (0.17, 0.97) p = 0.006) and 3D global circumferential strain (3D-GCS) (AUROC 0.81; NRI (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.22, 1.01) p = 0.002) emerged as potential markers of disease. The best cut-off for 2D-GLS was −21.1%, for 2D- and 3D-GRS were 39.1% and 37.7%, respectively, and for 3D-GCS was −16.4%. Conclusions: At CMR-tissue tracking analysis, 2D-GLS was a significant predictor of LGE in patients with myocarditis but preserved LVEF and no visual RWMA. Both 2D- and 3D-GRS and 2D-GCS yielded good diagnostic accuracy for LGE detection in patients with previous MI but preserved LVEF and no visual RWMA.
|
|
25. |
- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
-
Orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular risk
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Kardiologia Polska. - 1897-4279. ; 77:11, s. 1020-1027
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a cardinal sign of cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction as a result of autonomic nervous system failure to control the postural hemodynamic homeostasis. The proportion of individuals with OH increases with aging and chronic conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, renal dysfunction, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. In individuals over 70 years of age, more than 20% can be affected. It is now increasingly recognized that there is a direct relationship between OH and each step of the CV disease continuum, eventually leading to end‑stage heart disease and CV death. In particular, prevalent OH is associated with cardiac functional and structural remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy, elevated levels of circulating markers of inflammation, increased intima‑media thickness, subclinical atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. Beyond subclinical changes, the presence of OH independently predicts coronary events, stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and CV mortality. Furthermore, OH is associated with syncope, falls, and fragility fractures, presenting hurdles to be overcome in the delivery of the best management of CV risk factors. Taken together, OH heralds disruption of global circulatory homeostasis and flags overt autonomic dysfunction. The presence of OH is also an independent risk factor for mortality and CV disease; however, until now, the importance of this highly prevalent disorder has been given insufficient attention by clinicians and other healthcare providers. Consequently, more studies are needed to find effective treatment for this troublesome condition and to identify preventive measures that could reduce the burden of CV risk in OH and autonomic dysfunction.
|
|
26. |
- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
-
Orthostatic Hypotension : Management of a Complex, But Common, Medical Problem
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. - 1941-3084. ; 15:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthostatic hypotension (OH), a common, often overlooked, disorder with many causes, is associated with debilitating symptoms, falls, syncope, cognitive impairment, and risk of death. Chronic OH, a cardinal sign of autonomic dysfunction, increases with advancing age and is commonly associated with neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. Management typically involves a multidisciplinary, patient-centered, approach to arrive at an appropriate underlying diagnosis that is causing OH, treating accompanying conditions, and providing individually tailored pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment. We (1) propose a novel streamlined pathophysiological classification of OH; (2) review the relationship between the cardiovascular disease continuum and OH; (3) discuss OH-mediated end-organ damage; (4) provide diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms to guide clinical decision making and patient care; (5) identify current gaps in knowledge and try to define future research directions. Using a case-based learning approach, specific clinical scenarios are presented highlighting various presentations of OH to provide a practical guide to evaluate and manage patients who have OH.
|
|
27. |
- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
-
Other syndromes of orthostatic intolerance : Delayed orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and reflex syncope
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030624934 - 9783030624927 ; , s. 121-143
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from classical orthostatic hypotension, the gravitational force may strongly contribute to other forms of orthostatic intolerance, delayed and postprandial OH, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and reflex syncope. In delayed OH, the significant blood pressure drop occurs first after 3-min period of orthostasis, whereas in postprandial OH, the symptoms appear first approximately 15-30 min after the meal. POTS is rarely seen in older adults and presents as abnormal sinus tachycardia on standing with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, dizziness, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Reflex syncope may manifest as orthostatic vasovagal reflex, situational syncope, or carotid sinus hypersensitivity, which becomes a clinical syndrome when associated with history of unexplained syncope and positive provocation test, carotid sinus massage. Older patients with a history of orthostatic intolerance, unexplained syncope and fall trauma, and negative result of active standing test should be further evaluated using cardiovascular autonomic tests such as head-up tilt testing, Valsalva maneuver, and carotid sinus massage.
|
|
28. |
- Furtan, Stanisław, et al.
(författare)
-
Prognosis of Syncope With Head Injury : a Tertiary Center Perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Head injury is the most common trauma occurring in syncope. We aimed to assess whether syncope as cause of head-trauma affects short-and long-term prognosis. Methods: From a database retrospective analysis of 97,014 individuals attending Emergency Department (ED), we selected data of patients with traumatic head injury including age, gender, injury mechanism, brain imaging, multiple traumas, bone fracture, intracranial bleeding, and mortality. Mean follow-up was 6.4 ± 1.8 years. Outcome data were obtained from a digital national population register. The study population included 3,470 ED head injury patients: 117 of them (50.0 ± 23.6 years, 42.7% men) reported syncope as cause of head trauma and 3,315 (32.2 ± 21.1 years, 68.5% men) without syncope preceding head trauma. Results: Thirty-day mortality was low and similar in traumatic head injury with or without syncope. One year and long-term all-cause mortality were both significantly higher in syncopal vs. non-syncopal traumatic head injury (11.1 vs. 2.8% and 32 vs. 10.2%, respectively; both p < 0.001). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, death between 121st-day and 1 year in patients with head-trauma was associated with male gender [odds ratio (OR): 6.48; 95% CI: 2.59-16.25], advancing age (per year) (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.07-1.11), Glasgow Coma Scale < 13 (OR: 6.18; 95% CI:1.68-22.8), bone fracture (OR 4.72; 95% CI 2.13-10.5), and syncope (OR 3.70; 95% CI: 1;48-9.31). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, syncope was one of the strongest independent predictors of long-term all-cause death (hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% CI 1.37-2.78). Conclusion: In patients with head trauma, history of syncope preceding injury does not increase 30-day all-cause mortality but portends increased 1 year and long-term mortality.
|
|
29. |
- Galanti, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
-
Burnt-out Cori–Forbes cardiomyopathy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Case Reports. - 2514-2119. ; 7:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
30. |
- Galusko, Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Aortic regurgitation management : A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 8:2, s. 113-126
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aortic regurgitation (AR) contain recommendations that do not always match. We systematically reviewed clinical practice guidelines and summarized similarities and differences in the recommendations as well as gaps in evidence on the management of AR. We searched MEDLINE and Embase (1 January 2011 to 1 September 2021), Google Scholar, and websites of relevant organizations for contemporary guidelines that were rigorously developed as assessed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. Three guidelines met our inclusion criteria. There was consensus on the definition of severe AR and use of echocardiography and of multimodality imaging for diagnosis, with emphasis on comprehensive assessment by the heart valve team to assess suitability and choice of intervention. Surgery is indicated in all symptomatic patients and aortic valve replacement is the cornerstone of treatment. There is consistency in the frequency of follow-up of patients, and safety of non-cardiac surgery in patients without indications for surgery. Discrepancies exist in recommendations for 3D imaging and the use of global longitudinal strain and biomarkers. Cut-offs for left ventricular ejection fraction and size for recommending surgery in severe asymptomatic AR also vary. There are no specific AR cut-offs for high-risk surgery and the role of percutaneous intervention is yet undefined. Recommendations on the treatment of mixed valvular disease are sparse and lack robust prospective data.
|
|
31. |
- Galusko, Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Management of mitral stenosis : a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2058-1742 .- 2058-5225. ; 8:6, s. 602-618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of guidelines exist with recommendations for diagnosis and management of mitral stenosis (MS). We systematically reviewed existing guidelines for diagnosis and management of MS, highlighting their similarities and differences, in order to guide clinical decision-making. We searched national and international guidelines in MEDLINE and EMBASE (5/4/2011-5/9/2021), the Guidelines International Network, Guideline Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, and websites of relevant organizations. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, and the full text of potentially relevant articles where needed. Selected guidelines were assessed for rigor of development; only guidelines with Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument score >50% were included in the final analysis. Four guidelines were retained for analysis. There was consensus for percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy as first-line treatment of symptomatic severe rheumatic MS with suitable anatomy. In patients with unfavourable anatomy, surgical intervention should be considered. Exercise testing is indicated if discrepancy exists between symptoms and echocardiographic measurements. There was no clear divide between rheumatic MS and degenerative MS for their respective diagnoses and management. Pregnancy in severe MS is discouraged and the stenosis should be treated before conception. Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for patients with rheumatic MS. Recommendations for the management of patients with mixed valvular diseases are lacking.
|
|
32. |
- Galusko, Victor, et al.
(författare)
-
Mitral regurgitation management : a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2058-1742 .- 2058-5225. ; 8:5, s. 481-495
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple guidelines exist for the diagnosis and management of mitral regurgitation (MR), the second most common valvular heart disease in high-income countries, with recommendations that do not always match. We systematically reviewed guidelines on diagnosis and management of MR, highlighting similarities and differences to guide clinical decision-making. We searched national and international guidelines in MEDLINE and EMBASE (1 June 2010 to 1 September 2021), the Guidelines International Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, and websites of relevant organizations. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts and identified articles of interest. Guidelines that were rigorously developed (as assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument) were retained for analysis. Five guidelines were retained. There was consensus on a multidisciplinary approach from the heart team and for the definition and grading of severe primary MR. There was general agreement on the thresholds for intervention in symptomatic and asymptomatic primary MR; however, discrepancies were present. There was agreement on optimization of medical therapy in severe secondary MR and intervention in patients symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy, but no consensus on the choice of intervention (surgical repair/replacement vs. transcatheter approach). Cut-offs for high-risk intervention in MR, risk stratification of progressive MR, and guidance on mixed valvular disease were sparse.
|
|
33. |
- Holm, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
-
N-Terminal Prosomatostatin and Risk of Vascular Dementia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 44:5-6, s. 259-265
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Increased somatostatin plasma concentration has been found in patients with vascular dementia. However, it is unknown whether or not somatostatin levels may predict dementia development in the general population. To this end, we sought to assess the association of circulating N-terminal prosomatostatin (NT-proSST) with incident dementia among community-dwelling older adults.METHODS: In the prospective population-based Malmö Preventive Project, 5,347 study participants (mean age: 69 ± 6years; 70% men) provided plasma for the determination of NT-proSST concentration. Of these, 373 participants (7%) were diagnosed with dementia (120 Alzheimer's disease, 83 vascular, 102 mixed, and 68 other aetiology) during a follow-up period of 4.6 ± 1.3 years. The association of NT-proSST with the risk of dementia and its subtypes was studied using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models controlling for age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, diabetes, lipid levels and prevalent stroke.RESULTS: Higher levels of NT-proSST were significantly associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 SD: 1.29; 95% CI 1.05-1.59; p = 0.016), whereas no association was observed with Alzheimer's disease (HR per 1 SD: 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.20; p = 0.91), all-cause dementia (HR per 1 SD: 1.04; 95% CI 0.94-1.16; p = 0.44), and mixed dementia (HR per 1 SD: 0.98; 95% CI 0.79-1.21; p = 0.84). Levels of NT-proSST above 563 pmol/L (highest quartile) conferred distinctly increased risk of vascular dementia (HR 1.66; 95% CI 1.05-2.63; p = 0.029) compared with lower values.CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of circulating N-terminal-prosomatostatin are associated with increased incidence of vascular dementia. Our findings might be of importance for the understanding of dementia development in older adults.
|
|
34. |
- Ianni, Umberto, et al.
(författare)
-
The legacy of ischemia
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Cardiology Journal. - 1897-5593. ; 27:4, s. 329-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
35. |
- Izzicupo, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
-
The length and number of sedentary bouts predict fibrinogen levels in postmenopausal women
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Menopause is associated with adverse changes in coagulation homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the association between objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) and SB bouts (i.e., number and length of SB bouts) vs. fibrinogen levels in post-menopausal women. Fifty-three post-menopausal women (age 59.8 ± 6.2 years, BMI 27.3 ± 4.4) wore a multisensory device (Sensewear Mini Armband, BodyMedia, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) for 5 days, to measure SB and physical activity (PA). Blood samples were collected to measure serum fibrinogen. Fibrinogen was directly correlated with SB (r = −0.48, p < 0.01), lying down during awake time (r = −0.50, p < 0.01), and both medium (11–30 mins) and very long bouts (>1 h) of SB (r = −0.59, p < 0.01; r = −0.51, p < 0.01, respectively), and inversely correlated with moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (r = −0.39, p < 0.01). Furthermore, fibrinogen was also directly correlated with BMI (r = −0.28, p < 0.05). In postmenopausal women without prevalent cardiovascular disease, the number of prolonged and uninterrupted sedentary bouts is directly correlated with increased fibrinogen levels, regardless of PA and BMI. This result suggests the importance of delivering new strategies to counteract the increase of sedentariness and inactivity of the postmenopausal population.
|
|
36. |
- Johansson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular biomarkers predict fragility fractures in older adults
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 105:6, s. 449-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To assess the role of four biomarkers of neuroendocrine activation and endothelial dysfunction in the longitudinal prediction of fragility fractures. Methods We analysed a population-based prospective cohort of 5415 community-dwelling individuals (mean age, 68.9±6.2 years) enrolled in the Malmö Preventive Project followed during 8.1±2.9 years, and investigated the longitudinal association between C-terminal pro-arginine vasopressin (CT-proAVP), C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment (CT-proET-1), the mid-regional fragments of pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), and incident vertebral, pelvic and extremity fractures. Results Overall, 1030 (19.0%) individuals suffered vertebral, pelvic or extremity fracture. They were older (70.7±5.8 vs 68.4±6.3 years), more likely women (46.9% vs 26.3%), had lower body mass index and diastolic blood pressure, were more often on antihypertensive treatment (44.1% vs 38.4%) and had more frequently history of fracture (16.3% vs 8.1%). Higher levels of MR-proADM (adjusted HR (aHR) per 1 SD: 1.51, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.28, p<0.001) and MR-proANP (aHR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.45, p<0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of any fracture. The fracture risk increased linearly across MR-proANP quartiles. Individuals who were in the top quartile of all four biomarkers had a significant higher risk of fracture at any site (aHR: 2.32, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.91), vertebral fracture (aHR: 3.16, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.07) and femoral fracture (aHR: 2.35, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.36). Conclusions Elevated levels of MR-proADM and MR-proANP independently predict fragility fractures in older adults. In subjects with top quartile levels of all four biomarkers there is a twofold to threefold increase in risk of vertebral and femoral fractures.
|
|
37. |
- Johansson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating levels of growth hormone in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a cardiovascular autonomic disorder with poorly understood etiology and underlying pathophysiology. Since cardiovascular morbidity has been linked to growth hormone (GH), we studied GH levels in patients with POTS. We conducted an age-sex-matched case-control study in patients with POTS (age 31 ± 9 years; n = 42) and healthy controls (32 ± 9 years; n = 46). Plasma GH levels were measured using high-sensitivity chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay. The burden of orthostatic intolerance symptoms was assessed by the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ), consisting of a symptom assessment scale (OHSA) and a daily activity scale (OHDAS). POTS patients had significantly higher composite OHQ score than controls, more symptoms and less activity. Supine heart rate and diastolic blood pressure (BP), but not systolic BP, were significantly higher in POTS. Median plasma GH levels were significantly lower in POTS (0.53 ng/mL) than controls (2.33 ng/mL, p = 0.04). GH levels were inversely related to OHDAS in POTS and supine systolic BP in POTS and controls, but not heart rate neither group. POTS is associated with lower GH levels. Impairment of daily life activities is inversely related with GH in POTS. A higher supine diastolic BP is inversely associated with GH levels in POTS and healthy individuals.
|
|
38. |
- Johansson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Downregulation of growth hormone in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: insights from the SYSTEMA cohort
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal, Supplement. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1520-765X .- 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:Issue Supplement_2
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a variant of cardiovascular autonomic disorder occurring predominantly in young women. POTS is characterized by an excessive heart rate increase when assuming upright posture accompanied by symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. The pathophysiology of POTS has not been fully established and is believed to be multifactorial. Purpose We aimed to investigate the alterations in circulating growth hormone level in POTS. Methods We conducted an age-matched case-control study enrolling 42 patients with POTS (age 31±9 years; 36 women) verified by positive head-up tilt testing and cardiovascular autonomic tests, and 46 controls (32±9 years; 35 women) with negative active standing test and no history of syncope, orthostatic intolerance and endocrine disease. We measured plasma levels of growth hormone using a high-sensitivity chemiluminescence immunoassay in relation to presence of POTS diagnosis. All study participants completed the validated Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ), consisting of two components: the symptoms assessment scale (OHSA) and daily activity scale (OHDAS) to evaluate the burden of symptoms. We applied standard statistical tests for group differences. Growth hormone values were log-transformed and standardized before the group comparison. Results POTS patients had significantly lower plasma levels of growth hormone (ng/mL) (median=0.53, IQR, 0.10–2.83 vs. median=2.33, IQR, 0.26–7.2, p=0.04) than controls. Levels of growth hormone were reversely related to OHDAS (p=0.049) among POTS patients. Supine heart rate was significantly higher in POTS patients (69.0±11.1 beats/min vs. 63.3±10.8 beats/min, p=0.02), as well as diastolic blood pressure (72.9±9.1 mmHg vs. 69.0±8.5 mmHg, p=0.04). We observed no significant difference in supine systolic blood pressure (116.6±13.3 mmHg vs. 115.2±10.0 mmHg, p=0.60). POTS patients had a significantly higher composite OHQ score than controls (60.0±18.6 vs. 4.2±7.5, p<0.001), as well as OHSA (36.2±10.0 vs. 3.6±6.4, p<0.001) and OHDAS (23.8±9.7 vs. 0.6±1.3, p<0.001). Conclusion(s) Our study shows that patients with POTS have significantly reduced plasma levels of circulating growth hormone. Lower growth hormone levels among POTS patients are associated with increased impairment of daily life activities. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings in the independent populations and explain the mechanisms behind this alteration.
|
|
39. |
- Johansson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Inflammatory biomarker profiling in classical orthostatic hypotension : Insights from the SYSTEMA cohort
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 259, s. 192-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the inflammatory biomarker signature associated with classical orthostatic hypotension (OH). Methods: A cross-sectional study including 778 patients with unexplained syncope and/or orthostatic intolerance undergoing head-up tilt test (HUT) and supine blood sampling. Of these, 98 met diagnostic criteria of classical OH and 181 demonstrated normal haemodynamic response during HUT. Blood plasma samples were analysed by antibody-based Proximity Extension Assay technique simultaneously measuring 57 inflammatory and cancer-related human protein biomarkers. The discovery algorithm was a sequential two-step process of biomarker signature identification by multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), and verification by univariate ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Results: Patients with classical OH were older (68 vs. 60 years; p < 0.001) and more likely to be men (58 vs. 41%; p < 0.001). PCA and Bonferroni-adjusted ANOVA identified midkine (MK), immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT-3), regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG-4), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TR-AP) as the most robust targeted biomarker signature for OH. In multivariate regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, cardiovascular disease and risk factors, the results remained significant for ILT-3 (p = 0.036), MK (p = 0.008) and REG-4 (p = 0.024), but not for TR-AP. Conclusions: Targeted protein profiling in classical orthostatic hypotension reveals a biomarker signature associated with immunoregulatory functions and vascular inflammation. Circulating levels of midkine, immunoglobulin-like transcript-3, regenerating islet-derived protein-4 are elevated in orthostatic hypotension, suggesting a complex interplay among inflammation, autonomic dysfunction and atherothrombosis.
|
|
40. |
- Johansson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
-
Proteomic Profiling for Cardiovascular Biomarker Discovery in Orthostatic Hypotension
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 71:3, s. 465-472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has been linked with higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the mechanisms behind this association. We aimed to identify cardiovascular disease biomarkers associated with OH through a proteomic profiling approach. Seven hundred seventy-eight patients with unexplained syncope or orthostatic intolerance underwent head-up tilt test and supine blood samples. Of these, 220 met diagnostic criteria of OH, and 179 demonstrated normal hemodynamic response during head-up tilt test. Blood samples were analyzed by antibody-based Proximity Extension Assay technique simultaneously measuring 92 cardiovascular disease-related human protein biomarkers. The discovery algorithm was a sequential 2-step process of biomarker signature identification by supervised, multivariate, principal component analysis and verification by univariate ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Patients with OH were older (67 versus 60 years;P<0.001) and more likely to be women (48% versus 41%;P>0.001) but did not differ from OH-negative patients in medical history. Principal component analysis identified MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7), TM (thrombomodulin), MB (myoglobin), TIM-1 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-1), CASP-8 (caspase-8), CXCL-1 (C-X-C motif chemokine-1), Dkk-1 (dickkopf-related protein-1), lectin-like LOX-1 (oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1), PlGF (placenta growth factor), PAR-1 (proteinase-activated receptor-1), and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) as the most robust proteomic signature for OH. From this proteomic feature selection, MMP-7 and TIM-1 met Bonferroni-adjusted significance criteria in univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Proteomic profiling in OH reveals a biomarker signature of atherothrombosis and inflammation. Circulating levels of MMP-7 and TIM-1 are independently associated with OH and may be involved in cardiovascular disease promotion.
|
|
41. |
- Jordan, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Orthostatic Hypertension : Critical Appraisal of an Overlooked Condition
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 75:5, s. 1151-1158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthostatic hypertension, which appears to be mediated through excess neurohumoral activation while standing, is a common blood pressure trait among patients with and without arterial hypertension. However, lack of consensus regarding the definition of orthostatic hypertension makes it difficult to assess the true prevalence of this condition. Orthostatic hypertension appears to predict the risk for progression to arterial hypertension in younger and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in older persons. Yet, the risk may differ between populations. Whether orthostatic hypertension indicates a generally increased risk of death, constitutes an intermediate variable in the causal pathway of cardiovascular risk factors, a simple measure of disease severity, or an independently acting mechanism is not known. Since both orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension herald increased risk of cardiovascular disease, it appears reasonable to screen the patients for abnormal orthostatic blood pressure responses using simple orthostatic testing. However, how presence of orthostatic hypertension may affect clinical management decisions such as the choice of antihypertensive drugs is currently difficult to ascertain. Clearly, this issue deserves more attention.
|
|
42. |
- Khanji, Mohammed Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Going green in cardiology
- 2024
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - 1522-9645. ; 45:6, s. 411-412
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
43. |
- Khanji, Mohammed Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Management of aortic stenosis : A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 7:4, s. 340-353
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple guidelines exist for the management of aortic stenosis (AS). We systematically reviewed current guidelines and recommendations, developed by national or international medical organizations, on management of AS to aid clinical decision-making. Publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE between 1 June 2010 and 15 January 2021 were identified. Additionally, the International Guideline Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, National Library for Health Guidelines Finder, Canadian Medical Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Infobase, and websites of relevant organizations were searched. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Two reviewers assessed rigour of guideline development and extracted the recommendations. Of the seven guidelines and recommendations retrieved, five showed considerable rigour of development. Those rigourously developed, agreed on the definition of severe AS and diverse haemodynamic phenotypes, indications and contraindications for intervention in symptomatic severe AS, surveillance intervals in asymptomatic severe AS, and the importance of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) and shared decision-making. Discrepancies exist in age and surgical risk cut-offs for recommending surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) vs. transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the use of biomarkers and complementary multimodality imaging for decision-making in asymptomatic patients and surveillance intervals for non-severe AS. Contemporary guidelines for AS management agree on the importance of MDT involvement and shared decision-making for individualized treatment and unanimously indicate valve replacement in severe, symptomatic AS. Discrepancies exist in thresholds for age and procedural risk used in choosing between SAVR and TAVI, role of biomarkers and complementary imaging modalities to define AS severity and risk of progression in asymptomatic patients.
|
|
44. |
|
|
45. |
- Khanji, Mohammed Y., et al.
(författare)
-
The role of hand-held ultrasound for cardiopulmonary assessment during a pandemic
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Progress in cardiovascular diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-0620. ; 63:5, s. 690-695
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to see a significant increase in the requests for rapid assessment of cardiac function, due to the frequent pre-existence of cardiac pathologies in patients admitted to hospital, and to the emergence of specific cardiac manifestations of this infection, such as myocarditis, sepsis related cardiomyopathy, stress induced cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndromes. Hand-held, point-of-care ultrasound (HH-POCUS) is particularly suited for the provision of rapid, focused, integrated assessments of the heart and lungs. We present a review of the indications and protocols for focused HH-POCUS use in an acute setting and formulate proposals for streamlining their application in the COVID-19 context towards guiding optimum management of these patients while at the same time allowing adherence to robust infection control measures to provide safety to both the patient and our clinical staff.
|
|
46. |
- Kharraziha, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebral Oximetry in Syncope and Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral autoregulation is crucial for maintaining cerebral blood flow and perfusion. In recent years, the importance of cerebral oxygenation in syncope and orthostatic intolerance (OI) has received increased attention. Cerebral tissue oxygenation can be measured by using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which determines the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin in cerebral tissue. NIRS is non-invasive technology using near-infrared light, which displays real-time cerebral tissue oxygenation. Normal values of cerebral tissue oxygenation in healthy subjects are 60 to 80%. Head-up tilt test (HUT) offers the opportunity to observe the haemodynamic changes precipitating syncope and is, today, the standard method for the evaluation of syncope and orthostatic intolerance syndromes. In previous studies where NIRS was applied during HUT, a significant decrease in cerebral tissue oxygenation both prior to and during loss-of-consciousness in vasovagal syncope (VVS) has been observed. Interestingly, cerebral tissue oxygenation appears to decrease even before haemodynamic changes can be observed. Apart from VVS, cerebral tissue oxygenation decreases during orthostatic provocation in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), in the latter even in the absence of hypotension. Importantly, decline of cerebral tissue oxygenation in VVS and POTS during HUT may not correlate with hemodynamic changes. In this mini review, we summarize the current knowledge of the application of cerebral oximetry in syncope and orthostatic intolerance syndromes, discuss its likely value as a clinical diagnostic tool and also emphasize its potential in the understanding of the relevant pathophysiology.
|
|
47. |
- Kharraziha, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum Activity Against G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Severity of Orthostatic Symptoms in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 9:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by excessive heart rate increase on standing and orthostatic intolerance. Previous data indicate autoimmune involvement. We studied serum activity against G protein-coupled receptors in relation to symptoms in patients with POTS and controls using a commercial cell-based assay. Methods and Results Forty-eight patients with POTS (aged 28.6±10.5 years; 44 women) and 25 healthy individuals (aged 30.7±8.6 years; 21 women) were included. The 10-item Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ) was completed by 33 patients with POTS and all controls. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells overexpressing one G protein-coupled receptor: adrenergic α1 receptor, adrenergic β2 receptor, cholinergic muscarinic type 2 receptor, and opioid receptor-like 1 were treated with sera from all patients. Receptor response was analyzed using a β-arrestin-linked transcription factor driving transgenic β-lactamase transcription by fluorescence resonance energy transfer method. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. G protein-coupled receptor activation was related to OHQ indices in linear regression models. Sera from patients with POTS activated all 4 receptors to a higher degree compared with controls (P<0.01 for all). The area under the curve was 0.88 (0.80-0.97, P<0.001) combining all 4 receptors. Adrenergic α1 receptor activation associated with OHQ composite score (β=0.77 OHQ points per SD of activity, P=0.009) and with reduced tolerability for prolonged standing (P=0.037) and walking for short (P=0.042) or long (P=0.001) periods. All 4 receptors were associated with vision problems (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions Our results indicate the presence of circulating proteins activating adrenergic, muscarinic, and nociceptin receptors in patients with POTS. Serum-mediated activation of these receptors has high predictive value for POTS. Activation of adrenergic α1 receptor is associated with orthostatic symptoms severity in patients with POTS.
|
|
48. |
- Levy, Sydney, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenic mitral valve prolapse : Current and future perspectives
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Heart Rhythm O2. - 2666-5018. ; 4:9, s. 581-591
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart valve disease that is often familial, affecting 2%–3% of the general population. MVP with or without mitral regurgitation can be associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Research on familial MVP has specifically focused on genetic factors, which may explain the heritable component of the disease estimated to be present in 20%–35%. Furthermore, the structural and electrophysiological substrates underlying SCD/ventricular arrhythmia risk in MVP have been studied postmortem and in the electrophysiology laboratory, respectively. Understanding how familial MVP and rhythm disorders are related may help patients with MVP by individualizing risk and working to develop effective management strategies. This contemporary, state-of-the-art, expert review focuses on genetic factors and familial components that underlie MVP and arrhythmia and encapsulates clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological issues that should be the objectives of future research.
|
|
49. |
- Mandoli, Giulia Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel approaches in cardiac imaging for non-invasive assessment of left heart myocardial fibrosis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-055X. ; 8
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past, the identification of myocardial fibrosis was only possible through invasive histologic assessment. Although endomyocardial biopsy remains the gold standard, recent advances in cardiac imaging techniques have enabled non-invasive tissue characterization of the myocardium, which has also provided valuable insights into specific disease processes. The diagnostic accuracy, incremental yield and prognostic value of speckle tracking echocardiography, late gadolinium enhancement and parametric mapping modules by cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography have been validated against tissue samples and tested in broad patient populations, overall providing relevant clinical information to the cardiologist. This review describes the patterns of left ventricular and left atrial fibrosis, and their characterization by advanced echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and cardiac computed tomography, allowing for clinical applications in sudden cardiac death and management of atrial fibrillation.
|
|
50. |
- Mantini, Cesare, et al.
(författare)
-
A highly-detailed anatomical study of left atrial auricle as revealed by in-vivo computed tomography
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Heliyon. - 2405-8440. ; 9:10
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The left atrial auricle (LAA) is the main source of intracardiac thrombi, which contribute significantly to the total number of stroke cases. It is also considered a major site of origin for atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing ablation procedures. The LAA is known to have a high degree of morphological variability, with shape and structure identified as important contributors to thrombus formation. A detailed understanding of LAA form, dimension, and function is crucial for radiologists, cardiologists, and cardiac surgeons. This review describes the normal anatomy of the LAA as visualized through multiple imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography. Special emphasis is devoted to a discussion on how the morphological characteristics of the LAA are closely related to the likelihood of developing LAA thrombi, including insights into LAA embryology.
|
|