| 1. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributions by age and sex of the dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a cross-cultural perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 89, s. 747-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, German, and USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his co-workers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant affects of age, sex, and culture in univariate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.
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| 2. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Further development of the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93, s. 995-1002
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger’s psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
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| 3. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
-
Further development of the temperament and character inventory
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93:3 II, s. 995-1002
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
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| 4. |
- Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) : A Cross-Validation of Age and Gender Influences
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TCI can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 5. |
- Brändström, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
The Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
- 2008
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Göttingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 24:1, s. 14-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to establish new norms of the Swedish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), data from 2,209 Swedish individuals (age between 13 and 80) was analyzed. The second aim was to evaluate the impact of age and gender on the questionnaire scores. The third aim was to investigate whether the TO can be meaningfully applied to adolescents in personality assessment as a basis for further research and clinical studies. Age and gender showed independent effects on personality dimensions, which implies that age and gender specific norms have to be established for the TCI. Furthermore, the results in terms of inconsistencies in the correlational and factorial structure, as well as low internal consistency scores in the younger age groups, suggest that the adult version of the TCI should not be applied below the age of 17; for these age groups we recommend the use of the junior TCI (JTCI). The inventory is under further development and several items are in need of revision in order to create less complicated formulations, enabling an improvement in the psychometrics.
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| 6. |
- Dao, Thao Thi, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin Preservation and Microbial Carbohydrate Metabolism in Permafrost Soils
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 127:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permafrost-affected soils in the northern circumpolar region store more than 1,000 Pg soil organic carbon (OC), and are strongly vulnerable to climatic warming. However, the extent to which changing soil environmental conditions with permafrost thaw affects different compounds of soil organic matter (OM) is poorly understood. Here, we assessed the fate of lignin and non-cellulosic carbohydrates in density fractionated soils (light fraction, LF vs. heavy fraction, HF) from three permafrost regions with decreasing continentality, expanding from east to west of northern Siberia (Cherskiy, Logata, Tazovskiy, respectively). In soils at the Tazovskiy site with thicker active layers, the LF showed smaller OC-normalized contents of lignin-derived phenols and plant-derived sugars and a decrease of these compounds with soil depth, while a constant or even increasing trend was observed in soils with shallower active layers (Cherskiy and Logata). Also in the HF, soils at the Tazovskiy site had smaller contents of OC-normalized lignin-derived phenols and plant-derived sugars along with more pronounced indicators of oxidative lignin decomposition and production of microbial-derived sugars. Active layer deepening, thus, likely favors the decomposition of lignin and plant-derived sugars, that is, lignocelluloses, by increasing water drainage and aeration. Our study suggests that climate-induced degradation of permafrost soils may promote carbon losses from lignin and associated polysaccharides by abolishing context-specific preservation mechanisms. However, relations of OC-based lignin-derived phenols and sugars in the HF with mineralogical properties suggest that future OM transformation and carbon losses will be modulated in addition by reactive soil minerals.
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| 7. |
- du Preez, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and mental health : An investigation of South African police trainees
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - Missoula. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 108:1, s. 301-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between personality and mental health was investigated in one cohort of police trainees at a South African police academy (1,145 police recruits; 648 men, 497 women). Male trainees reported less somatisation, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety symptoms and lower harm avoidance as well as higher persistence than female trainees. A cluster analysis based on the personality scores was used to identify three clusters with personality profiles characterized as Vulnerable, Healthy, and Intermediate profiles. Sociodemographic variables and temperament and character domain scores contributed separately and differentially to the explanation of variance in mental health symptom scores. Selection tools should be developed to identify vulnerable individuals in terms of personality characteristics during selection and prior to training, to prevent later problems with stress reactions. Additional training modules focusing on coping skills could possibly reduce vulnerability to stress in some trainees.
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| 8. |
- du Preez, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Personality of South African police trainees
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - Missoula, MT, USA : Ammons Scientific. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 105:2, s. 539-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There have been efforts to identify a "police personality" based on dispositional and socialization models. Personality traits of successful police applicants at the Police College in Pretoria, South Africa (N=1,145 police trainees), with regard to sex, ethnic group, and English language reading skills, were described in terms of scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory. South African police trainees generally evaluated themselves as substantially lower in Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance combined with lower Cooperativeness, but they scored much higher on SeIf-Directedness, Persistence, and Self-Transcendence compared to South African university students from the same area. These are characteristics expected from future police officers, which supports the dispositional model.
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| 9. |
- Eisemann, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards self-determination in health care : A general population survey in northern Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 9:1, s. 41-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Today, patient self-determination has become an issue in many western countries due to the widespread availability and use of technology, which makes it possible to prolong life often in spite of severe disability and poor quality of life. Many people fear an overzealous use of modern life-saying procedures which merely serve to prolong the dying process. As a first step towards autonomy and increasing self-determination, advance directives (living wills) have been introduced in some countries. Methods: To survey a general population's attitudes towards advance directives and self-determination a questionnaire was mailed to a representative sample of 600 citizens in northern Sweden. Issues regarding importance of control, concerns about own health care, treatment preferences and support for and use of advance directives were addressed. Results: There was a response rate of 80% and the great majority of respondents reported that it was extremely or very important to have a say in decisions about their health care (79.5%). A significant number of subjects were concerned about either being treated too aggressively or not aggressively enough. There was a variability in treatment preferences, depending on the reversibility of the condition. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a vital interest among the Swedish general public for greater self-determination in health care, which is also reflected by their support of advance directives.
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| 10. |
- Emami, Habib, et al.
(författare)
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Mental health of adolescents in Tehran, Iran
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 41:6, s. 571-576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate mental health in Iranian adolescents, particularly in high school students from urban areas. METHOD: A sample of 4599 girls and boys was selected from third year classes from high schools in Tehran by a stratified cluster random sampling method. They were investigated by means of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in a cross-sectional study. Following the recommendations of Goldberg et al, the chosen cut-off point for the differentiation between individuals with and without psychiatric morbidity was a score of 7 because of the high mean score within the population. RESULTS: Of the students, 1270 (19.5%) achieved a GHQ-12 score above the threshold. Significantly more girls (34.1%) than boys (23.7%) had GHQ-12 scores indicating some psychiatric morbidity. On average, the 18-year-old adolescents reported a higher level of mental health problems compared with 17-year-old adolescents in the same school year. CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of adolescent high school students experience mental disorders, with girls experiencing such disorders more frequently than boys. Periodic mental health surveys in high schools are proposed to identify students in need of counselling or treatment to improve their coping skills and problem-solving abilities.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 induces p38 MAPK-dependent apoptosis and NFκB-dependent differentiation of AML cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - : American Society of Hematology. - 2473-9529 .- 2473-9537. ; 1:23, s. 2046-2057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor survival, and there is a strong need to identify disease vulnerabilities that might reveal new treatment opportunities. Here, we found that Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) and TLR2 are upregulated on primary AML CD34+CD38-cells relative to corresponding normal bone marrow cells. Activating the TLR1/TLR2 complex by the agonist Pam3CSK4 inMLL-AF9-driven human AML resulted in induction of apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3 and myeloid differentiation in a NFκB-dependent manner. By using murineTrp53 -/- MLL-AF9AML cells, we demonstrate that p53 is dispensable for Pam3CSK4-induced apoptosis and differentiation. Moreover, murineAML1-ETO9a-driven AML cells also were forced into apoptosis and differentiation on TLR1/TLR2 activation, demonstrating that the antileukemic effects observed were not confined toMLL-rearranged AML. We further evaluated whether Pam3CSK4 would exhibit selective antileukemic effects. Ex vivo Pam3CSK4 treatment inhibited murine and human leukemia-initiating cells, whereas murine normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) were relatively less affected. Consistent with these findings, primary human AML cells across several genetic subtypes of AML were more vulnerable for TLR1/TLR2 activation relative to normal human HSPCs. In theMLL-AF9AML mouse model, treatment with Pam3CSK4 provided proof of concept for in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Our results demonstrate that TLR1 and TLR2 are upregulated on primitive AML cells and that agonistic targeting of TLR1/TLR2 forces AML cells into apoptosis by p38 MAPK-dependent activation of Caspase 3, and differentiation by activating NFκB, thus revealing a new putative strategy for therapeutically targeting AML cells.
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| 12. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Age and gender differences in the use of various poisoning methods for deliberate self-harm in individuals admitted to Loghman Hospital in Tehran (2000-2004)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Suicide and Life-threatening Behaviour. - : Wiley. - 0363-0234 .- 1943-278X. ; 39:2, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different methods of poisoning used by individuals with the diagnosis of parasuicide admitted to the Loghman Hospital, Tehran, from 2000 to 2004 were investigated, with particular focus on gender and age differences. Drugs, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals (women: 12.7%, men: 9%) were the most commonly used methods. In males, the percentage of use of drugs increased with age, but the frequency of pesticides use decreased with age. In females, drugs were most often used in the youngest age group, whereas the use of pesticides was lowest in the youngest age category. Females outnumbered males, especially in the youngest age group of 10 to 19 years olds. Drugs and pesticides were the substances used most often for parasuicide in each age group regardless of gender.
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| 13. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of mental health and personality in Swedish social work students upon entry to university training
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 17:4, s. 572-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims were to describe Swedish social work students’ personality characteristicsupon entry to their training and to analyze relationships between personality traits,mental health, and some sociodemographic variables. One hundred and twenty-onefemale social work students completed a sociodemographic form, the Temperamentand Character Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist. They scored significantly higheron harm avoidance, reward dependence, and self-transcendence and reported moresomatization, obsessive compulsive, and phobic-anxious symptoms, and less hostility,than Swedish individuals from the general population of the same age. Personalitytraits significantly predicted the various mental symptom scores. It is recommended toimplement modules or training courses within social work training in Sweden that bring an improvement of self-directedness and cooperativeness character trait intofocus.
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| 14. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Continuity from suicidal ideations to suicide attempts? : An investigation in 18-55 years old adult Iranian Kurds
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:10, s. 973-981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A continuum of suicidal behaviour is supported; but, this did not include self-reported suicide attempts. The reported frequency of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts was highly dependent on applied response categories and the considered timeframe, which has to be considered thoroughly when interpreting related results.
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| 15. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
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Continuity from suicidal ideations to suicide attempts in Iranian Kurds?
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Suicidal ideation is a critical point for the identification of individuals at risk of committing suicide/attempting suicide. Whilst existing studies provide valuable data from Western countries, more research is needed to determine the applicability of these findings outside of the context of Western culture. Method. In a cross–sectional study in Sanandaj, capital of Iranian Kurdistan, 1,000 randomly selected individuals were investigated by means of the Attitudes towards Suicide questionnaire which includes items concerning various suicidal thoughts. Results. The Iranian Kurds reported very few suicide attempts, whereas the prevalence of reported suicidal thoughts was found to be very high. The assumption of a continuum of suicidal behaviour is supported by our data; but, this did not include self-reported suicide attempts. The various suicidal thoughts showed very low sensitivity and low predictive power in relation to suicide attempts. The reported frequency of suicidal thoughts and the number of suicide attempts during the last year was significantly higher than that from earlier in life. Age was determined to be a substantial moderator variable related to the occurrence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts with increasing impact with increasing severity of suicidal behaviour. Gender, cohabitation status and employment situation were largely only weakly associated with the occurrence of suicidal behaviours. Conclusions. Culture seems to be of low impact upon the relationship between socio-demographical variables and suicidal behaviour. The reported frequency of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts seems to be highly dependent on applied response categories and the considered timeframe, which has to be considered thoroughly when interpreting related results, and when comparing with findings from other investigations.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ghazinour, Mehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Personality and mental health changes throughout the course of university police training in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nordisk Politiforskning. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1894-8693. ; 6:1, s. 7-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Police trainees have to be prepared for future job demands and challenges. Personality plays an important role in stress management. The first assessment of a longitudinal investigation was conducted among 103 Swedish police trainees to study their personality changes and mental health responses in first two weeks after intake. Fifty-two of these trainees, who participated in the second assessment, were included in the analysis. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to measure personality, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was used to measure mental health. A multiple regression analysis was performed with personality scores from the first assessment as independent variables and SCL-90-R scores as dependent variables. Over two years, minor changes were found in the police trainees’ personality characteristics, which seemingly fit the demands of policing and are potentially valuable in the trainees’ future careers. Personality characteristics are predictors of mental health at the end of university training.
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| 18. |
- Ghazinour, Seyedmehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of mental health and personality in Swedish police trainees upon entry to the Police Academy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 25:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at personality and mental health status of Swedish police trainees considering gender differences; and at relationships between personality and mental health. 103 individuals were investigated by means of the SCL-90-R and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) upon entry to the police academy. By contrast, the police trainees were mentally much healthier than individuals from the general population. They reported low Harm Avoidance and their character dimensions were more developed in terms of strength, responsibility and reliability. Harm Avoidance (positively) and Self-Directedness (negatively) were found to be associated with all facets of psychopathology. The good mental health and mature personality characteristics reported by trainees, particularly the females, suggest that they have the strength to master the stressful situations which they will face in their professional lives. In order to prevent possible psychological disturbances later in life, due to the high level of distress in their work, the development of trainees’ personality in terms of particular coping skills should be regarded as an integral part of their professional training at the police academy.
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| 19. |
- Ghazinour, Seyedmehdi, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Anger related to psychopathology, temperament and character in healthy individuals : An explorative study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of social behavior and personality. - San Rafael, CA : Select Press. - 0886-1641 .- 2168-3263. ; 37:9, s. 1197-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated relationships between temperament, character, and anger experience, control, and expression. Police trainees (N = 103) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger, Przybeck, Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994), the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCR-90-R; Derogatis, 1994), and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2, Spielberger, 1999). Personality scores were of greater significance compared to SCL-90-R scores for most of the STAXI-2 subscales while the scores of both personality and mental health contributed by a similar amount to trait anger. Temperament subscales explained a much greater amount of anger expression-in variance while variance of character subscales explained more of the variance in anger V, angry reaction, state, and trait anger. Character was found to be superior to temperament in the determination of anger, supporting a cognitively foused definition of anger.
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| 20. |
- Isaksson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to violence in relation to personality traits, coping abilities, and burnout among caregivers in nursing homes : a case-control study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 22:4, s. 551-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although violence toward caregivers occurs often and caregivers' ability to interact and deal with difficult situations is relevant in preventing such violence, few studies have been conducted that focus on caregivers' characteristics.AIM: This study explores the relationship between perceived exposure to violence and demographical factors, parental rearing, personality traits including coping abilities, defence styles, and burnout among caregivers working in nursing homes.METHOD: A total of 196 caregivers working in nursing homes were included. They were asked to complete questionnaires concerning demographical factors and exposure to violence. One group of female caregivers reporting no exposure to violence (n = 20) was matched with one group of exposed to violence (n = 20). Both groups were asked to complete questionnaires concerning parental rearing, personality traits, coping abilities, and burnout.RESULT: Around 68.4% of the caregivers had been exposed to violence during the previous year and 22.4% several times a week. Caregivers 50 years of age or younger and employed in geriatric care for more than 3 years were more frequently exposed to violence. Inter-group differences were found regarding 'maternal rejection' and 'burnout'. No statistical differences could be found concerning defence styles, coping ability, temperament, or character aspects.CONCLUSION: Violence toward caregivers occurs frequently and appears to be influenced by several factors. 'Maternal rejection' and 'burnout' among caregivers exposed to violence might influence the communication between caregivers and residents, rendering more violence. However, personality traits among caregivers do not seem to be associated with exposure to violence.
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| 21. |
- Järås, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of P190 and P210 BCR/ABL1 in normal human CD34(+) cells induces similar gene expression profiles and results in a STAT5-dependent expansion of the erythroid lineage
- 2009
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2399 .- 0301-472X. ; 37:3, s. 367-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The P190 and P210 BCR/ABL1 fusion genes are mainly associated with different types of hematologic malignancies, but it is presently unclear whether they are functionally different following expression in primitive human hematopoietic cells. Materials and Methods. We investigated and systematically compared the effects of retroviral P190 BCR/ABL1 and P210 BCR/ABL1 expression on cell proliferation, differentiation, and global gene expression in human CD34(+) cells from cord blood. Results. Expression of either P190 BCR/ABL1 or P210 BCR/ABL1 resulted in expansion of erythroid cells and stimulated erythropoietin-independent burst-forming unit-erythroid colony formation. By using a lentiviral anti-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) short-hairpin RNA, we found that both P190 BCR/ABL1- and P210 BCR/ABL1-induced erythroid cell expansion were STAT5-dependent. Under in vitro conditions favoring B-cell differentiation, neither P190 nor P210 BCR/ABL1-expressing cells formed detectable levels of CD19-positive cells. Gene expression profiling revealed that P190 BCR/ABL1 and P210 BCR/ABL1 induced almost identical gene expression profiles. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the early cellular and transcriptional effects of P190 BCR/ABL1 and P210 BCR/ABL1 expression are very similar when they are expressed in the same human progenitor cell population, and that STAT5 is an important regulator of BCR/ABL1-induced erythroid cell expansion. (C) 2009 ISEH - Society for Hematology and Stem Cells. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 22. |
- Kubatova, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Biophysical Characterization and NMR Spectroscopy Structural Analysis of Small Proteins from Bacteria and Archaea
- 2020
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 21:8, s. 1178-1187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Proteins encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) have a widespread occurrence in diverse microorganisms and can be of high functional importance. However, due to annotation biases and their technically challenging direct detection, these small proteins have been overlooked for a long time and were only recently rediscovered. The currently rapidly growing number of such proteins requires efficient methods to investigate their structure–function relationship. Herein, a method is presented for fast determination of the conformational properties of small proteins. Their small size makes them perfectly amenable for solution-state NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy can provide detailed information about their conformational states (folded, partially folded, and unstructured). In the context of the priority program on small proteins funded by the German research foundation (SPP2002), 27 small proteins from 9 different bacterial and archaeal organisms have been investigated. It is found that most of these small proteins are unstructured or partially folded. Bioinformatics tools predict that some of these unstructured proteins can potentially fold upon complex formation. A protocol for fast NMR spectroscopy structure elucidation is described for the small proteins that adopt a persistently folded structure by implementation of new NMR technologies, including automated resonance assignment and nonuniform sampling in combination with targeted acquisition.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Lundström, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Personality impact on experiences of strain among caregivers exposed to violence in care of people with learning disabilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 4:1, s. 30-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explored are the relationships among personality and emotional reactions, work‐related strain, and experiences of burnout among staff exposed vs. not exposed to violence when caring for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Questionnaires measuring personality, emotional reactions, strain and burnout, and exposure to violence were distributed to staff (n = 112) working in 22 group homes for people with ID aged 18 years and older in a community in northern Sweden. The results did not show evidence of a direct influence of personality variables on exposure to violence when working with people with ID and no direct relationships were found between exposure to violence and the staff members’ personality traits as measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory and Rosenberg’s Self‐Esteem Scale. Although the influence of personality traits on how the staff members experienced violence could not be clearly determined, the authors found an association between personality and strain and the risk of burnout in that certain staff exposed to violence felt more emotionally exhausted than did staff who were not exposed. The knowledge of the relationships among violence, personality, and risk of burnout may be important for the understanding which staff need special supports when working with people with ID.
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| 25. |
- Mofidi, Naser, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes towards suicide among Kurdish people in Iran
- 2008
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 43:4, s. 291-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Attitudes towards suicide represent a key stage in the pathway leading to suicide. A deeper understanding of the social, psychological and treatment-related factors influencing the development of attitudes towards suicide could guide suicide prevention strategies especially in a neglected population like Kurds. Methods In a cross-sectional study in Iranian Kurdistan, 1,000 households participated in the investigation from April to May 2006 selected by a cluster random sampling process. A questionnaire on attitudes towards suicide (ATTS) was used to measure suicide related attitudes and thoughts. Results Suicide related experiences were more often reported from the wider social network (relative, friends, acquaintances) than from family members. There is a significant accumulation of suicide related experiences when a related event was reported in the close family. The level of suicide related attitudes is related to age, gender, marital status, level of education and employment status. Discussion Openness towards the topic of suicide as well as abilities to communicate about it should be improved by educating the public and additionally be promoted by changing conservative value systems.
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| 26. |
- Mofidi, Naser, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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General mental health, quality of life and suicide related attitudes among kurdish people in Iran
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Psychiatry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0020-7640 .- 1741-2854. ; 54:5, s. 457-468
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate (1) general mental health, (2) quality of life and (3) suicide-related attitudes in Kurds living in Iranian Kurdistan. Methods: Cross-sectional investigation; cluster random sampling procedure; 1,000 Kurds were randomly selected from 1,000 of 68,000 households in Sannandaj City, Iran; General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12); Questionnaire on Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS). Results: About 27% of the subjects had to be regarded as probably suffering from a psychological disturbance. There was no gender difference regarding the number of `cases'. These possible `cases' were younger than `non-cases'. The most `cases' occurred among the unemployed. An increasing number of experiences related to suicide and the increasing emotional closeness of those experiences was found to be related to an increased probability that the individual would be classified as a `case' according to the GHQ-12 total score. Unmarried individuals more often evaluated their overall quality of life as `moderate' or `bad' compared to married individuals. Unemployed people, self-employed people and housewives formed the groups who most often reported a `very bad' or `bad' quality of life. Conclusions: Kurdish people in Iran are in need of facilities and interventional programmes aiming to improve general mental health.
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| 27. |
- Mofidi, Naser, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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How about the relationships between PTSD, depressivity and suicide related thoughts in Iranian Kurds?
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our primary aim was to explore the relationships between PTSD, depressivity and suicide in Iranian Kurds (a relative homogeneous minority population in Iran) in order to contribute to the understanding of suicide in Muslim populations. A random sample of 1,000 individuals from the general population was investigated by means of questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Only a very few of the Iranian Kurds reported suicide attempts; and suicide related variables were substantially more closely related to severe depressivity than to PTSD, resulting in direct paths from PTSD and depressivity to attitudes towards suicide only in contrast to results from Western countries.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Nasseh Lotf Abadi, Mozhdeh, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight, domestic violence, coping, social support and mental health of young Iranian mothers in Tehran
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:7, s. 602-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate associations of birth weight with sociodemographic variables, domestic violence, ways of coping, social support, and general mental health of Iranian mothers. Six hundred mothers aged 15 to 29 years participated between June 2009 and November 2010. t-Test, analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression were used. The results showed that there was no significant association between birth weight and general mental health of the mothers. Prenatal care visits, the mothers' history of having children with low birth weight (LBW), and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly associated with birth weight. The women who reported physical abuse during pregnancy had infants with lower birth weight. Satisfaction with social support and use of positive reappraisal were significantly associated with higher birth weight. In conclusion, a high quality of prenatal care and screening of pregnant women are recommended. Social environments good enough during pregnancy have protective effects against LBW.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nasseh Lotf Abadi, Mozhdeh, 1977-
(författare)
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Social support, coping, and self-esteem in relation to psychosocial factors : A study of health issues and birth weight in young mothers in Tehran, Iran
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Generally, pregnancy is considered to be a positive period in life in Iranian culture. For the parents, it is important to have a healthy pregnancy and, as a result, a healthy child. A sufficient birth weight of the infant represents one of the crucial conditions of a healthy development of a child during infancy as well as later in life. Ongoing research has been carried out regarding various medical factors related to birth weight, but there is a gap in knowledge about psychosocial factors such as social support, coping, self-esteem, stress and mother’s mental health, and various socio-demographic factors including domestic violence, which may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight. This thesis aims to provide knowledge to fill this gap.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran, Iran, including 600 young mothers who had delivered in Akbarabadi hospital, one of the main gynaecological hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The investigation included a self-developed socio-demographic form, the Social Support Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire-12, and a Life Event Checklist.Results: We could not find a significant association between birth weight and mother’s level of education, and there was no substantial relationship between general mental health and birth weight. Verbal abuse was reported by 26.0% of the young mothers, 4.8% reported physical abuse, 5.5% reported sexual abuse, and 1.3% reported all three types of abuse. The abuse-index was significantly negatively associated with satisfaction with social support and with self-esteem.The higher the abuse-index, by trend, the lower was the infants’ birth weight. Weight before pregnancy, current weight, weight gain during pregnancy, and the number of prenatal care visits were significantly positively associated with the weight of the newborn. Mothers who reported having a history of a low birth-weight (LBW) child or were physically abused during pregnancy had infants with significant lower birth weight.The more the pregnant women were satisfied with their social support and the more often they used positive reappraisal as a way of coping, the higher was their infants’ birth weight. The higher the self-esteem, the less often they used escape avoidance and confrontive coping.Conclusion: The results suggest the importance of relationships between a healthy pregnancy and psychosocial as well as socio-demographic factors. Providing pregnant women with social support is a key component for a healthy pregnancy, especially when faced with stressful situations. The number of people available for support did not provide a significant buffering effect on domestic violence (DV), but the perceived quality of social support did. Higher education in the mother and husband, and women’s employment represented protective conditions against the occurrence of DV. Women who reported physical abuse during pregnancy had infants with lower birth weight. Satisfaction with social support and use of positive reappraisal were significantly associated with higher birth weight.
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| 33. |
- Nasseh Lotf Abadi, Mozhdeh, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The buffering effect of social support between domestic violence and self-esteem in pregnant women in Tehran, Iran
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of family Violence. - : Springer. - 0885-7482 .- 1573-2851. ; 27:3, s. 225-231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) in pregnant women and to explore relationships of self-esteem and social support (SS) relating to DV. Six hundred young mothers were investigated. 28.2 % reported that they experienced some type of DV during pregnancy. The occurrence of physical abuse was not related to self-esteem or SS. When verbal violence was reported, satisfaction with SS was lower and self-esteem was lower by trend. Self-esteem was substantially lower when sexual violence was indicated. The number of people available for support did not provide a substantial buffering effect, but the perceived quality of SS did. Higher education in the mother and husband, and women's employment represented protective conditions against the occurrence of DV.
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| 34. |
- Ordookhani, Arash, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variation of neonatal transient hyperthyrotropinemia in tehran province, 1998–2005
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 27:9-10, s. 1854-1869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seasonal aggregation and the monthly rate of neonatal transient hyperthyrotropinemia(THT) were assessed. From November 1998 to April 2005, neonates of gestationalage ≥37 wks, birth weight 2500–4000 g, birth length 45–55 cm, and 1st min Apgarscore >3, who had thyrotropin (TSH) ≥20 mU/L in their cord dried-blood specimen,but without congenital hypothyroidism, were enrolled in the study. The recall rateequals the rate of THT occurrence in this study. Of 47,945 neonates, 555 had THT(recall rate: 1.2%). The aggregated seasonal recall rate (recall for further assessment torule out congenital hypothyroidism) was significantly higher in winter (January,February, and March) than the other seasons ( p < .0001). Winter had higher recallrate in each year as compared to other seasons, but the overall rate of recalls decreasedin 2001 and 2002. Excluding the first 6 months (due to erratic variations), the remaining72 months revealed a relatively sinusoidal pattern in monthly recall rates; indeed,there was an initial 11-month high recall rates (1.7%), followed by a 33-month decrease(0.7%), a 19-month increase (1.9%), and a final 9-month decrease (0.8%). The recallrate of each of these time intervals was significantly different from that of the nexttime interval ( p < .0001). The monthly recall rates were best fitted to cubic curve estimationand then autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) (0, 1, 1) models.THT occurs significantly more in winter than in other seasons, and this suggests apossible role for time-varying factor(s) contributing to its seasonal preponderance.
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| 35. |
- Padyab, Mojgan, et al.
(författare)
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Burnout among social workers in Iran : relations to individual characteristics and client violence
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 5:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social workers are considered a professional group at high risk of burnout. Noticing the insufficient human resource management and understaffed social work centers, Iranian social workers are faced with a considerable level of physical and mental stress, which can lead to burnout. A national study on 390 social workers was conducted. Among social workers, 10.9% had experienced burnout and 17.4% are at risk of developing burnout. Social workers scored higher in burnout if they were dissatisfied with their income, had experienced violence, or had lower self-esteem. Findings are discussed with regard to Iranian context and recommendations for authorities of Iranian state welfare organizations are made.
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| 36. |
- Padyab, Mojgan, et al.
(författare)
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Coping and mental health of Iranian social workers : the impact of client violence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Society for Personality Research. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 41:5, s. 805-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Client violence towards social workers and its impact on their practice, and physical and psychological health, as well as the importance of coping as a factor in health outcomes, are well documented. However, there is a dearth of studies concerning these issues in Iran. We conducted a national survey of 390 social workers in Iran, and employed structural equation modeling to test the potential mediating role of coping strategies on the relationship between violence and health outcomes. Active coping was used more than passive coping and the use of active coping had a direct positive effect on health. Results indicate that the two coping behaviors are related and the success of each depends on the other. We discuss our findings with special regard to the context of social work in Iran.
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| 37. |
- Padyab, Mojgan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Factor structure of the Farsi version of the ways of coping questionnaire
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Social Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0021-9029 .- 1559-1816. ; 42:8, s. 2006-2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite burgeoning research on coping with stress and its crucial role on people's psychological and physical well-being, there is a dearth of psychometrically established instrument for use in Iran to measure coping. A Farsi translation of the Ways of Coping questionnaire (WOC) was administered to 739 participants from Tehran, Iran. The factor structure of the WOC was assessed with both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. A 7-factor structure model with some important similarities and differences to the original version from the United States was confirmed. The Farsi version of WOC was found to have good construct reliability and model fit and has considerable potential to be used in future coping research among Iranian populations.
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| 38. |
- Pareigis, Jörg, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Open networked learning–a course, a community, an approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International journal for academic development. - : Routledge. - 1360-144X .- 1470-1324.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open Networked Learning (ONL) is a collaborative open online course for higher education educators worldwide, focusing on open education, collaborative learning, and course design. The interorganizational course welcomes both institutional and open learners from around 30 nations. Delivered 17 times since 2014 with up to 120 participants in each session, ONL employs problem-based learning to foster digital competencies and strengthen community development. Rooted in the European Framework for Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu), a study involving 48 participants revealed statistically significant, across-the-board competence enhancement post-course, affirming ONL’s efficacy. The article also summarizes our experiences and learnings from participating in and organising the course over the past ten years.
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| 39. |
- Richter, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing personality : The Temperament and Character Inventory in a cross-cultural comparison between Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.A.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 84, s. 1315-1330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 330 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.
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| 40. |
- Richter, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Marital Satisfaction, Coping, and Social Support in Female Medical Staff Members in Tehran University Hospitals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Interpersona. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 1981-6472. ; 8:1, s. 115-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress significantly influences marital satisfaction. Women tend to be more emotionally involved in problems than men. Furthermore, employed women encounter more stressors especially when their job is stressful which it is often the case in medical professionals. In the present cross-sectional study, relationships were analyzed between marital satisfaction (ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory), ways of coping (Ways of Coping questionnaire) with marital stress and social support (Social Support Questionnaire) in 100 female medical staff members in Tehran university hospitals. The results revealed a significant negative relationship between subscales of marital satisfaction and using “seeking social support”, “confrontive coping”, “escape avoidance”, “distancing”, and “self-controlling” as ways of coping related to marriage related problems. Furthermore, the analyses showed that job satisfaction, social support, and ways of coping explain between 24% and 38% of the variance in subscales of marital satisfaction. Therefore focusing on these factors could be an effective approach to promote marital satisfaction in female medical staff members.
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| 41. |
- Richter, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Personality characteristics of staff in elderly care-a cross-cultural comparison
- 2012
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : informa plc. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 33:2, s. 96-100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication and interaction between carers and residents in elderly and dementia care can be challenging and demanding. The carer's personality, one factor shaping this interaction, seems to have been neglected in the literature. This article looks at cross-cultural comparisons of staff in elderly and dementia care with individuals from the general population matched by age and gender. Compared to individuals in the general population, elderly and dementia care staff are usually slower tempered, more stoic and reflective, tolerant to monotony, and more systematic. They also have more optimistic attitudes in situations that might worry most people, and more confidence in social situations and in the face of danger and uncertainty.
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| 42. |
- Richter, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality disorder diagnosis by means of the Temperament and Character Inventory
- 2009
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - Maryland Heights, United States : Saunders Elsevier. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 50:4, s. 347-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality disorders (PDs) criteria are still in development. Cloninger's biosocial theory of personality contributed to this discussion. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between extreme expressions on temperament and an immature character according to Cloninger's assumptions. Eight hundred healthy volunteers and 200 psychiatric inpatients were consecutively recruited each from Sweden and Germany, and were asked to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory, which measures 4 temperament and 3 character dimensions. Patients differed from controls on temperament and character dimensions. The combination of low and very low character scores with extreme scores in either novelty seeking, harm avoidance, or reward dependence was found more often among patients with PD compared with patients without PD and controls; this is more pronounced with an increasing number of extreme temperament scores. The Temperament and Character Inventory represents a useful tool in the diagnostic process of personality disorders.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Rostami, Arian, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life, marital satisfaction and social support in medical staff in Iran
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Research in Quality of Life. - : Springer. - 1871-2584 .- 1871-2576. ; 8:3, s. 385-402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life is a subjective and multidimensional concept that includes all aspects of an individual’s life. Many investigations indicate that marital satisfaction is an important determinant of quality of life and social support affects both marital satisfaction and quality of life. Since medical staff face job stressors in their everyday life, in the present cross-sectional study, the relationships between quality of life, marital satisfaction, and social support in medical staff in Tehran were analyzed. Data collection was performed in 653 medical staff using socio-demographic questions, the SF-36 questionnaire, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory, and the Social Support Questionnaire. The results revealed that men reported significantly higher quality of life and marital satisfaction than women, but there was no gender difference in social support. The quality of life and marital satisfaction domains were found to be differentially correlated among male and female participants. All domains of marital satisfaction were found to be significantly associated with the “vitality” and “mental health” domains among females and “physical functioning” domain in the male. Also, social support was associated with almost all quality of life domains in both sexes. The multiple regression analyses indicated that all the study variables combined with socio-demographic factors can explain between 12 % and 28 % of the variance in quality of life domains. Therefore, focusing on these factors could be an effective approach to improve quality of life in medical staff as a group with a stressful job.
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| 45. |
- Rostami, Arian, et al.
(författare)
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Marital Satisfaction : The Differential Impact of Social Support Dependent on Situation and Gender in Medical Staff in Iran
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 5:4, s. 151-164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is unavoidable in everyday life and it can effect on marital relationship. Social support especially from emotionally closed persons as a protective factor can help individuals to deal with stress and buffers the negative effects of life stress on marital satisfaction. In the present cross-sectional study we investigated the relationship between social and spousal support and marital satisfaction in medical staff in Iran. Data collection was performed in 653 medical staff using socio-demographic questions, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Inventory, and the Social Support Questionnaire. Women and men did not differ in total social support satisfaction and the total number of supporting people; but, women were more often support providers for their husbands than men were for their wives. Spouse support was a more important indicator of marital satisfaction for women than for men. Also results revealed that spouse support is more important than social support from other resources to explain marital satisfaction. Job satisfaction had an explanatory effect on marital satisfaction especially in men. Furthermore, the findings showed that social support could decrease the explanatory impact of job satisfaction on scales of marital satisfaction. Therefore, focusing on social support, especially spouse support could be an effective approach in family counseling or family education programs to improve marital satisfaction in medical staff.
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| 46. |
- Rostami, Arian, 1973-
(författare)
-
Marital satisfaction in relation to social support, coping, and quality of life in medical staff in Tehran, Iran
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marital satisfaction is one of the main characteristics of a healthy family, and is known as an important predictor of overall quality of life. Stress is unavoidable in everyday life and it can affect marital relationships. Furthermore, employed married individuals encounter more stressors than do unmarried ones, especially when their jobs are demanding and stressful, such as working as medical professionals in hospitals. Applying effective coping strategies and receiving social support, especially from emotionally close persons, are protective factors which can help individuals deal with stress and buffer the negative effects of life stress on marital and life satisfaction. In the present cross-sectional investigation, marital satisfaction was studied in relation to socio-demographic variables, social support, ways of coping, and quality of life in medical staff in Tehran. Data were collected from 653 medical staff who worked in 12 hospitals affiliated with Tehran Medical University using socio-demographic questions, the ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire, the SF-36 questionnaire, the Social Support questionnaire, and the Ways of Coping questionnaire. The results indicated that marital satisfaction, quality of life and spousal support were significantly higher in men than women. Spousal support was significantly associated with marital satisfaction especially in women. Multiple regression analyses indicated that marital satisfaction, social support, and job satisfaction combined with socio-demographic variables explain between 12% and 28% of the variance in quality of life domains. Analysing the data with special focus on females revealed a significant negative relationship between subscales of marital satisfaction and using “seeking social support”, “confrontive coping”, “escape avoidance”, “distancing”, and “self-controlling” as ways of coping. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that job satisfaction, social support, and ways of coping explained between 24% and 38% of the variance in seven of the nine subscales of marital satisfaction. Therefore, focusing on the study findings could be helpful in promoting marital satisfaction and quality of life in married medical staff.
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| 47. |
- Rostami, Arian, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Marital Satisfaction with a Special Focus on Gender Differences in Medical Staff in Tehran-Iran
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Issues. - : Sage Publications. - 0192-513X .- 1552-5481. ; 35:14, s. 1940-1958
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The family is a fundamental component of society, and marital satisfaction is the main characteristic of a healthy family. The aim of this cross-sectional research was to assess marital satisfaction in medical staff in Tehran, with a special focus on gender differences. Data were collected from 653 medical staff using sociodemographic questions and the ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. The results indicated that marital satisfaction was significantly higher in men than in women. There was a negative correlation between age and marital satisfaction in women. Educational level was associated with marital satisfaction in both genders. Number of children was correlated with marital satisfaction in both men and women. Gender differences in marital satisfaction were revealed, and all sociodemographic factors showed significant relationships, with at least one subscale of marital satisfaction. This study provides a general view of marital satisfaction in Iranian medical professionals as a group with a stressful job
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| 48. |
- Saim, Nor Jana Bte, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mental Health Predicted by Coping, Social Support, and Resilience among Young Unwed Pregnant Malaysian Women and Mothers Living in Shelter Homes
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This exploratory study examines the prediction of mental health by social support, resilience and coping among Malaysian unwed young pregnant women and unwed young mothers during their stay in shelter homes in Malaysia. Methods: 79 unwed young pregnant women and unwed young mothers in nine shelter homes in Malaysian provinces were investigated in a follow-up by the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction, the Ways of Coping questionnaire, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28), and the Beck Depression Inventory in Malay language. Results: Cognitive and behavioural depressive symptoms as well as the total GHQ and depression severity were slightly, but significantly higher at the first assessment. The unwed young mothers reported that they applied confrontive coping more often at the 1st assessment than at the 2nd assessment; but, that more attachment being available at the 1st assessment. Between 14 % for depressive-behavioural symptoms and 36 % for general health at the 2nd assessment could be explained by the variance in social support, coping, and resilience at the 1st assessment. Conclusions: The level of resilience, coping or social support among unwed young pregnant women and unwed young mothers did not substantially change after they had been spent a certain period of time in a shelter home. The unmarried young mothers reported a serious level of psychological symptoms supporting the assumption that many of them suffered from a moderate to severe depression that was untreated. These institutions do not provide effective services for the vulnerable unmarried young mothers that meet their psychological and social needs or improve their coping or resilience.
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| 49. |
- Saim, Nor Jana Bte, 1978-
(författare)
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Social support, coping, resilience and mental health in Malaysian unwed young pregnant women and young mothers : Their experiences while living in a shelter home
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on four articles. In the first article, questionnaire data from a follow-upstudy (Article I) that aimed to explore social support, coping and resilience as predictors ofmental health in unwed young pregnant women and young mothers during placement in ashelter home were analysed. Nine shelter homes were invited to participate in the study (n ofpre-assessment = 250; n of post-assessment = 79). Percentages, paired sample t-tests, multipleanalyses of variance (MANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse thedata. There were no significant changes in social support, coping or resilience between thepre- and post-assessment. The variability in the mental health scores from the follow-upassessment could be explained by the variability in coping, social support and resilience forbetween 14% of the variance in the BDI score and 36% in the GHQ sum-score. However,about 32% of the unwed young pregnant women and young mothers had a BDI score above26 suggesting the occurrence of a depressive disorder at the second assessment. Thequalitative part of the study (Articles II and III) attempted to investigate the reactions receivedfrom their significant others, and how these reactions influenced their pregnancy experience.Furthermore, their daily life experience during their placement in a shelter home is described.Seventeen unwed young pregnant women and young mothers aged from 12 to 18 wereinterviewed. Qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyse thetranscriptions of the interviews. Significant others were often perceived as reacting to theunwed young pregnant women and young mothers with secrecy, repression and rejection. Theresponse of the unwed young pregnant women and young mothers to the significant others inrespect of their pregnancy was to feel detached, trapped, unworthy and ambiguous. Theresults of the thematic analysis (Article III) led to three themes: rules and regulations, therelationship with the staff, and the relationship with the other girls in the shelter home. Theresults indicated that the participating shelter homes were often not fulfilling the standards ofshelter homes according to the Malaysian national laws and the United Nations Conventionon the Rights of the Child. In addition, a mixed methods approach (Article IV) was applied toinvestigate the associations between the experiences of the unwed young pregnant women andyoung mothers in the shelter home and their social support, coping, resilience, and mentalhealth. Because of the nominal data, the findings from the qualitative analyses were quantifiedand jointly analysed with the questionnaire data using Spearman Rank coefficient. The analyses were done based on the interviews and survey with 17 unwed young pregnantwomen and young mothers aged 12 to 18 years. The mixed methods study emphasized thatthe unwed young pregnant women and young mothers have poor availability and adequacy ofsocial support and were at risk of developing mental health problems if untreated.
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| 50. |
- Saim, Nor Jana Bte, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Support in Relation to Coping, Resilience and Mental Health among Unwed Pregnant Teenagers and Teenage Mothers in Malaysia : A Mixed-Methods Approach
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The importance and availability of social support is described relating to coping, resilience andmental health among unwed pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers in Malaysia during theirstay in a shelter home based on analyses of interviews with 17 teenagers and questionnairescompleted by them. These teenagers have poor social support in terms of availability andadequacy, especially from their parents. The authorities and the staff in shelter homes are advisedto take social support aspects seriously, especially from the family, since they play a vital role inthe well-being and mental health of unwed pregnant teenagers and teenage mothers.
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