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- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 8:2, s. e1000313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
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- Svensson, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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ERG rearrangement status and castration resistant prostate cancer : a prospective,population-based study
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Overtreatment is a major concern in prostate cancer (PCa) management, as no adequate prognostic tool exists to separate indolent from aggressive disease at time of diagnosis. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic PCa and although most men respond well to ADT initially, inevitably a resistance to the treatment develops. Men with tumor growth despite the androgen-depleted environment are considered to have castration resistant PCa (CRPC). After developing CRPC, the median survival time is typically less than two years. Since the initial discovery of ERG rearrangement in PCa, several studies have investigated the association between ERG rearrangement and clinical outcome of PCa with discrepant results. Few studies have examined the association between ERG rearrangement and CRPC, despite the fact that the most common fusion partners to ERG are androgen regulated. In this study we investigated the association between ERG status and time to CRPC.We assessed the ERG status in a cohort of 220 men initially managed by watchful waiting and treated with ADT at disease progression. There was no statistically significant association between ERG status and time from start of ADT to CPRC, or start of ADT to PCa-specific death. However, men harboring the ERG rearrangement did have a significantly shorter time between time of diagnosis and start of hormonal treatment, compared to men without the rearrangement (HR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.23- 2.65), suggesting that ERG rearrangement is indicative of a more aggressive subtype of PCa./p>
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