| 1. |
- Meyer, H.F., et al.
(författare)
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Overview of physics studies on ASDEX Upgrade
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 59:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme, jointly run with the EUROfusion MST1 task force, continues to significantly enhance the physics base of ITER and DEMO. Here, the full tungsten wall is a key asset for extrapolating to future devices. The high overall heating power, flexible heating mix and comprehensive diagnostic set allows studies ranging from mimicking the scrape-off-layer and divertor conditions of ITER and DEMO at high density to fully non-inductive operation (q 95 = 5.5, ) at low density. Higher installed electron cyclotron resonance heating power 6 MW, new diagnostics and improved analysis techniques have further enhanced the capabilities of AUG. Stable high-density H-modes with MW m-1 with fully detached strike-points have been demonstrated. The ballooning instability close to the separatrix has been identified as a potential cause leading to the H-mode density limit and is also found to play an important role for the access to small edge-localized modes (ELMs). Density limit disruptions have been successfully avoided using a path-oriented approach to disruption handling and progress has been made in understanding the dissipation and avoidance of runaway electron beams. ELM suppression with resonant magnetic perturbations is now routinely achieved reaching transiently . This gives new insight into the field penetration physics, in particular with respect to plasma flows. Modelling agrees well with plasma response measurements and a helically localised ballooning structure observed prior to the ELM is evidence for the changed edge stability due to the magnetic perturbations. The impact of 3D perturbations on heat load patterns and fast-ion losses have been further elaborated. Progress has also been made in understanding the ELM cycle itself. Here, new fast measurements of and E r allow for inter ELM transport analysis confirming that E r is dominated by the diamagnetic term even for fast timescales. New analysis techniques allow detailed comparison of the ELM crash and are in good agreement with nonlinear MHD modelling. The observation of accelerated ions during the ELM crash can be seen as evidence for the reconnection during the ELM. As type-I ELMs (even mitigated) are likely not a viable operational regime in DEMO studies of 'natural' no ELM regimes have been extended. Stable I-modes up to have been characterised using -feedback. Core physics has been advanced by more detailed characterisation of the turbulence with new measurements such as the eddy tilt angle - measured for the first time - or the cross-phase angle of and fluctuations. These new data put strong constraints on gyro-kinetic turbulence modelling. In addition, carefully executed studies in different main species (H, D and He) and with different heating mixes highlight the importance of the collisional energy exchange for interpreting energy confinement. A new regime with a hollow profile now gives access to regimes mimicking aspects of burning plasma conditions and lead to nonlinear interactions of energetic particle modes despite the sub-Alfvénic beam energy. This will help to validate the fast-ion codes for predicting ITER and DEMO.
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| 2. |
- Stroth, U., et al.
(författare)
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Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An overview of recent results obtained at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is given. A work flow for predictive profile modelling of AUG discharges was established which is able to reproduce experimental H-mode plasma profiles based on engineering parameters only. In the plasma center, theoretical predictions on plasma current redistribution by a dynamo effect were confirmed experimentally. For core transport, the stabilizing effect of fast ion distributions on turbulent transport is shown to be important to explain the core isotope effect and improves the description of hollow low-Z impurity profiles. The L-H power threshold of hydrogen plasmas is not affected by small helium admixtures and it increases continuously from the deuterium to the hydrogen level when the hydrogen concentration is raised from 0 to 100%. One focus of recent campaigns was the search for a fusion relevant integrated plasma scenario without large edge localised modes (ELMs). Results from six different ELM-free confinement regimes are compared with respect to reactor relevance: ELM suppression by magnetic perturbation coils could be attributed to toroidally asymmetric turbulent fluctuations in the vicinity of the separatrix. Stable improved confinement mode plasma phases with a detached inner divertor were obtained using a feedback control of the plasma β. The enhanced D α H-mode regime was extended to higher heating power by feedback controlled radiative cooling with argon. The quasi-coherent exhaust regime was developed into an integrated scenario at high heating power and energy confinement, with a detached divertor and without large ELMs. Small ELMs close to the separatrix lead to peeling-ballooning stability and quasi continuous power exhaust. Helium beam density fluctuation measurements confirm that transport close to the separatrix is important to achieve the different ELM-free regimes. Based on separatrix plasma parameters and interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence, an analytic model was derived that reproduces the experimentally found important operational boundaries of the density limit and between L- and H-mode confinement. Feedback control for the X-point radiator (XPR) position was established as an important element for divertor detachment control. Stable and detached ELM-free phases with H-mode confinement quality were obtained when the XPR was moved 10 cm above the X-point. Investigations of the plasma in the future flexible snow-flake divertor of AUG by means of first SOLPS-ITER simulations with drifts activated predict beneficial detachment properties and the activation of an additional strike point by the drifts.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Interplay among transversity induced asymmetries in hadron leptoproduction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 753, s. 406-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark several left-right asymmetries are possible for the hadrons in the jet. When only one unpolarized hadron is selected, it exhibits an azimuthal modulation known as the Collins effect. When a pair of oppositely charged hadrons is observed, three asymmetries can be considered, a di-hadron asymmetry and two single hadron asymmetries. In lepton deep inelastic scattering on transversely polarized nucleons all these asymmetries are coupled with the transversity distribution. From the high statistics COMPASS data on oppositely charged hadron-pair production we have investigated for the first time the dependence of these three asymmetries on the difference of the azimuthal angles of the two hadrons. The similarity of transversity induced single and di-hadron asymmetries is discussed. A new analysis of the data allows quantitative relationships to be established among them, providing for the first time strong experimental indication that the underlying fragmentation mechanisms are all driven by a common physical process.
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| 8. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 764, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y and the relative hadron energy z. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160 GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target ((LiD)-Li-6). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c) 2, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.2 < z < 0.85 and 0.1 < y < 0.7. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions.
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| 9. |
- Adolphi, C., et al.
(författare)
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Exclusive omega meson muoproduction on transversely polarised protons
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0550-3213 .- 1873-1562. ; 915, s. 454-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exclusive production of omega mesons was studied at the COMPASS experiment by scattering 160GeV/c muons off transversely polarised protons. Five single-spin and three double-spin azimuthal asymmetries were measured in the range of photon virtuality 1(GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 10(GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable 0.003 < xBj < 0.3 and transverse momentum squared of the omega meson 0.05(GeV/c)(2) < p(T)(2) < 0.5(GeV/c)(2). The measured asymmetries are sensitive to the nucleon helicity-flip Generalised Parton Distributions (GPD) Et hat are related to the orbital angular momentum of quarks, the chiral-odd GPDs H-T that are related to the transversity Parton Distribution Functions, and the sign of the pi omega transition form factor. The results are compared to recent calculations of a GPD-based model.
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| 10. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in high-energy muon scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 78:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single hadron azimuthal asymmetries of positive and negative hadrons produced in muon semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off longitudinally polarised deuterons are determined using the 2006 COMPASS data and also combined all deuteron COMPASS data. For each hadron charge, the dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry on the hadron azimuthal angle f is obtained by means of a fiveparameter fitting function that besides a f-independent term includes four modulations predicted by theory: sin f, sin 2f, sin 3f and cos f. The amplitudes of the five terms have been extracted, first, for the hadrons in the whole available kinematic region. In further fits, performed for hadrons from a restricted kinematic region, the f-dependence is determined as a function of one of three variables (Bjorken-x, fractional energy of virtual photon taken by the outgoing hadron and hadron transverse momentum), while disregarding the others. Except thef-independent term, all themodulation amplitudes are very small, and no clear kinematic dependence could be observed within experimental uncertainties.
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| 11. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Final COMPASS results on the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g(1)(d) and the Bjorken sum rule
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 769, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Final results are presented from the inclusive measurement of deep-inelastic polarised-muon scattering on longitudinally polarised deuterons using a 6LiD target. The data were taken at 160 GeV beam energy and the results are shown for the kinematic range 1 (GeV/c)2 < Q2 < 100 (GeV/c)2 in photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.7 in the Bjorken scaling variable and W > 4GeV/c2 in the mass of the hadronic final state. The deuteron double-spin asymmetry A(1)(d) and the deuteron longitudinal-spin structure function g(1)(d) are presented in bins of x and Q2. Towards lowest accessible values of x, g(1)(d) decreases and becomes consistent with zero within uncertainties. The presented final g(1)(p) values together with the recently published final g(1)(p) values of COMPASS are used to again evaluate the Bjorken sum rule and perform the QCD fit to the g1 world data at next-to-leading order of the strong coupling constant. In both cases, changes in central values of the resulting numbers are well within statistical uncertainties. The flavour singlet axial charge a0, which is identified in the MS renormalisation scheme with the total contribution of quark helicities to the nucleon spin, is extracted at next-to-leading order accuracy from only the COMPASS deuteron data: a0(Q2 = 3 (GeV/c)2) = 0.32 +/- 0.02stat +/- 0.04syst +/- 0.05evol. Together with the recent results on the proton spin structure function g(1)(p), the results on g(1)(d) constitute the COMPASS legacy on the measurements of g1 through inclusive spin-dependent deep inelastic scattering.
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| 12. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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First measurement of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons using SIDIS data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 772, s. 854-864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sivers function describes the correlation between the transverse spin of a nucleon and the transverse motion of its partons. For quarks, it was studied in previous measurements of the azimuthal asymmetry of hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of leptons off transversely polarised nucleon targets, and it was found to be non-zero. In this letter the evaluation of the Sivers asymmetry for gluons is presented. The contribution of the photon-gluon fusion subprocess is enhanced by requiring two high transverse-momentum hadrons. The analysis method is based on a Monte Carlo simulation that includes three hard processes: photon-gluon fusion, QCD Compton scattering and the leading-order virtual-photon absorption process. The Sivers asymmetries of the three processes are simultaneously extracted using the LEPTO event generator and a neural network approach. The method is applied to samples of events containing at least two hadrons with large transverse momentum from the COMPASS data taken with a 160 GeV/c muon beam scattered off transversely polarised deuterons and protons. With a significance of about two standard deviations, a negative value is obtained for the gluon Sivers asymmetry. The result of a similar analysis for a Collins-like asymmetry for gluons is consistent with zero. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 13. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 77:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a novel analysis technique, the gluon polarisation in the nucleon is re-evaluated using the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry measured in the cross section of semi-inclusive single-hadron muoproduction with photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 ( GeV/c)(2). The data were obtained by the COMPASS experiment at CERN using a 160 GeV/c polarised muon beam impinging on a polarised (LiD)-Li-6 target. By analysing the full range in hadron transverse momentum p(T), the different pT-dependences of the underlying processes are separated using a neural-network approach. In the absence of pQCD calculations at next-to-leading order in the selected kinematic domain, the gluon polarisation Delta g/g is evaluated at leading order in pQCD at a hard scale of mu(2) = < Q(2) > = 3( GeV/c)(2). It is determined in three intervals of the nucleon momentum fraction carried by gluons, x(g), covering the range 0.04< x(g)< 0.28 and does not exhibit a significant dependence on xg. The average over the three intervals, < Delta g/g > = 0.113 +/- 0.038(stat) +/- 0.036( syst) at < x(g) > approximate to 0.10, suggests that the gluon polarisation is positive in the measured x(g) range.
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| 14. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Multiplicities of charged kaons from deep-inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 767, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precise measurements of charged-kaon multiplicities in deep inelastic scattering were performed. The results are presented in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y, and the fraction z of the virtual-photon energy carried by the produced hadron. The data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration by scattering 160 GeV muons off an isoscalar (LiD)-Li-6 target. They cover the kinematic domain 1 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 60 (GeV/c)(2) in the photon virtuality, 0.004 < x < 0.4, 0.1 < y < 0.7, 0.20 < z < 0.85, and W > 5 GeV/c(2) in the invariant mass of the hadronic system. The results from the sum of the z-integrated K+ and K- multiplicities at high x point to a value of the non-strange quark fragmentation function larger than obtained by the earlier DSS fit.
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| 15. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Resonance production and pi pi S-wave in pi(-) + p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+) + p(recoil) at 190 GeV/c
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 95:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COMPASS collaboration has collected the currently largest data set on diffractively produced pi(-) pi(-) pi(+) final states using a negative pion beam of 190 GeV/c momentum impinging on a stationary proton target. This data set allows for a systematic partial-wave analysis in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t' < 1.0 (GeV/c)(2). This two-dimensional analysis offers sensitivity to genuine one-step resonance production, i.e. the production of a state followed by its decay, as well as to more complex dynamical effects in nonresonant 3 pi production. In this paper, we present detailed studies on selected 3p partial waves with J(PC) = 0(-+) ,1(++) ,2(-+) ,2(++) ,and 4(++). In these waves, we observe the well-known groundstate mesons as well as a new narrow axial-vector meson a(1)(1420) decaying into f(0) (980)pi. In addition, we present the results of a novel method to extract the amplitude of the pi(-)pi(+) subsystem with I(G)J(PC) = 0(+)0(++) in various partial waves from the pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) data. Evidence is found for correlation of the f (0)(980) and f(0)(1500) appearing as intermediate pi(-)pi(+) isobars in the decay of the known pi(1800) and pi(2)(1880).
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| 16. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scales of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 770, s. 138-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight proton transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries are extracted in four regions of the photon virtuality Q(2) from the COMPASS 2010 semi-inclusive hadron measurements in deep inelastic muon nucleon scattering. These Q(2) regions correspond to the four regions of the di-muon mass root Q(2) used in the ongoing analyses of the COMPASS Drell-Yan measurements, which allows for a future direct comparison of the nucleon transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions extracted from these two alternative measurements. In addition, for the azimuthal asymmetries induced by the Sivers transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution function various two-dimensional kinematic dependences are presented. The integrated Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive with an accutacy that appears to be sufficient to test the sign change of the Sivers function predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics.
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| 17. |
- Adolph, C., et al.
(författare)
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The spin structure function g(1)(p) of the proton and a test of the Bjorken sum rule
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 753, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results for the double spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton longitudinal spin structure function g(1)(p) are presented. They were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using polarised 200 GeV muons scattered off a longitudinally polarised NH3 target. The data were collected in 2011 and complement those recorded in 2007 at 160 GeV, in particular at lower values of x. They improve the statistical precision of g(1)(p)(x) by about a factor of two in the region x less than or similar to 0.02. A next-to-leading order QCD fit to the g(1) world data is performed. It leads to a new determination of the quark spin contribution to the nucleon spin, Delta Sigma, ranging from 0.26 to 0.36, and to a re-evaluation of the first moment of g(1)(p). The uncertainty of Delta Sigma is mostly due to the large uncertainty in the present determinations of the gluon helicity distribution. A new evaluation of the Bjorken sum rule based on the COMPASS results for the non-singlet structure function g(1)(NS) (x, Q(2)) yields as ratio of the axial and vector coupling constants vertical bar gA/gV vertical bar = 1.22 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.10 (syst.), which validates the sum rule to an accuracy of about 9%.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Jackura, A., et al.
(författare)
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New analysis of eta pi tensor resonances measured at the COMPASS experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 779, s. 464-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new amplitude analysis of the eta pi D-wave in the reaction pi(-) p -> eta pi(-) p measured by COMPASS. Employing an analytical model based on the principles of the relativistic S-matrix, we find two resonances that can be identified with the a(2)(1320) and the excited a(2)(1700), and perform a comprehensive analysis of their pole positions. For the mass and width of the a(2) we find M = (1307 +/- 1 6) MeV and Gamma=(112 +/- 1 +/- 8) MeV, and for the excited state a(2)' we obtain M = (1720 +/- 10 +/- 60) MeV and Gamma = (280 +/- 10 +/- 70) MeV, respectively.
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| 20. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
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First Measurement of Transverse-Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Asymmetries in the Drell-Yan Process
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 119:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan (DY) process is reported. We use the CERN SPS 190 GeV/c pi(-) beam and a transversely polarized ammonia target. Three azimuthal asymmetries giving access to different transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) are extracted using dimuon events with invariant mass between 4.3 GeV/c(2) and 8.5 GeV/c(2). Within the experimental uncertainties, the observed sign of the Sivers asymmetry is found to be consistent with the fundamental prediction of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) that the Sivers TMD PDFs extracted from DY have a sign opposite to the one extracted from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) data. We present two other asymmetries originating from the pion Boer-Mulders TMD PDFs convoluted with either the nucleon transversity or pretzelosity TMD PDFs. A recent COMPASS SIDIS measurement was obtained at a hard scale comparable to that of these DY results. This opens the way for possible tests of fundamental QCD universality predictions.
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| 21. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Light isovector resonances in pi(-) p -> pi(-) pi(-) pi(+)p at 190 GeV/c
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation events from the reaction pi(-) + p -> pi(-)pi(-)pi(+) +p(recoil) with a 190 GeV/c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5 < m(3 pi) < 2.5 GeV/c(2), and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1 < t'< 1.0 (GeV/c)(2), are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with J(PC) = 0(-+), 1(++), 2(++), 2(-+), 4(++), and spin-exotic 1(-+) quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances pi(1800), a(1)(1260), a(2)(1320), pi(2)(1670), pi(2)(1880), and a(4) (2040). In addition, it includes the disputed pi(1)(1600), the excited states a(1)(1640), a2(1700), and pi(2) (2005), as well as the resonancelike a(1)(1420). We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t' bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the rho(770)pi and f(2)(1270)pi decays of a(2)(1320) and a(4)(2040), where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t' dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t' dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t' dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t' dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.
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| 22. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and spin-dependent structure function g(1)(p) of the proton at small values of x and Q(2)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 781, s. 464-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a precise measurement of the proton longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A(1)(p) and the proton spin-dependent structure function g(1)(P) at photon virtualities 0.006 (GeV/c)(2) < Q(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2) in the Bjorken x range of 4 x 10(-5) < x < 4 x 10(-2). The results are based on data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN using muon beam energies of 160 GeV and 200 GeV. The statistical precision is more than tenfold better than that of the previous measurement in this region. In the whole range of x, the measured values of A(1)(p) and g(1)(P) are found to be positive. It is for the first time that spin effects are found at such low values of x.
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| 23. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for muoproduction of X(3872) at COMPASS and indication of a new state (X)over-tilde(3872)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 783, s. 334-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have searched for exclusive production of exotic charmonia in the reaction mu N+ -> mu(+)(J/psi pi(+)pi(-))pi N-+/-' using COMPASS data collected with incoming muons of 160 GeV/c and 200 GeV/c momentum. In the J/psi pi(vertical bar)pi mass distribution we observe a signal with a statistical significance of 4.1 sigma. Its mass and width are consistent with those of the X(3872). The shape of the pi(+)pi(-) mass distribution from the observed decay into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) shows disagreement with previous observations for X(3872). The observed signal may be interpreted as a possible evidence of a new charmonium state. It could be associated with a neutral partner of X(3872) with C=-1 predicted by a tetraquark model. The product of cross section and branching fraction of the decay of the observed state into J/psi pi(+)pi(-) is determined to be 71 +/- 28(stat)+/- 39(syst) pb.
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| 24. |
- Aghasyan, M., et al.
(författare)
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Transverse-momentum-dependent multiplicities of charged hadrons in muon-deuteron deep inelastic scattering
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 97:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q(2) > 1 (GeV/c)(2), invariant mass of the hadronic system W > 5 (GeV/c)(2), Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2 < z < 0.8, and square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/c)(2) < P-hT(2) < 3 (GeV/c)(2). The multiplicities are presented as a function of P-hT(2) in three-dimensional bins of x, Q(2), z and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-P-hT(2) region, i.e. P-hT(2) < 1 (GeV/c)(2), where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from nonperturbative effects, and also the domain of larger P-hT(2), where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small P-hT(2) to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum < P-hT(2)> on x, Q(2) and z. The power-law behavior of the multiplicities at large P-hT(2) is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.
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| 25. |
- Akhunzyanov, R., et al.
(författare)
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Transverse extension of partons in the proton probed in the sea-quark range by measuring the DVCS cross section
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 793, s. 188-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first measurement of exclusive single-photon muoproduction on the proton by COMPASS using 160 GeV/c polarised mu(+) and mu(-) beams of the CERN SPS impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. We determine the dependence of the average of the measured mu(+) and mu(-) cross sections for deeply virtual Compton scattering on the squared four-momentum transfer t from the initial to the final proton. The slope B of the t-dependence is fitted with a single exponential function, which yields B = (4.3 +/- 0.6(stat) (+0.1)(-0.3)vertical bar(sys)) (GeV/c)(-2). This result can be converted into a transverse extension of partons in the proton,root(r(perpendicular to)(2)) = (0.58 +/- 0.04(stat) (+0.01)(-0.02)vertical bar(sys) +/- 0.04(model)) fm. For this measurement, the average virtuality of the photon mediating the interaction is < Q(2)> = 1.8 (GeV/c)(2) and the average value of the Bjorken variable is < X-Bj > = 0.056.
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| 26. |
- Cicardi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Icatibant, a New Bradykinin-Receptor Antagonist, in Hereditary Angioedema
- 2010
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 363:6, s. 532-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema of the skin, larynx, and gastrointestinal tract. Bradykinin is the key mediator of symptoms. Icatibant is a selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. METHODS In two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials, we evaluated the effect of icatibant in patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with cutaneous or abdominal attacks. In the For Angioedema Subcutaneous Treatment (FAST) 1 trial, patients received either icatibant or placebo; in FAST-2, patients received either icatibant or oral tranexamic acid, at a dose of 3 g daily for 2 days. Icatibant was given once, subcutaneously, at a dose of 30 mg. The primary end point was the median time to clinically significant relief of symptoms. RESULTS A total of 56 and 74 patients underwent randomization in the FAST-1 and FAST-2 trials, respectively. The primary end point was reached in 2.5 hours with icatibant versus 4.6 hours with placebo in the FAST-1 trial (P=0.14) and in 2.0 hours with icatibant versus 12.0 hours with tranexamic acid in the FAST-2 trial (P<0.001). In the FAST-1 study, 3 recipients of icatibant and 13 recipients of placebo needed treatment with rescue medication. The median time to first improvement of symptoms, as assessed by patients and by investigators, was significantly shorter with icatibant in both trials. No icatibant-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS In patients with hereditary angioedema having acute attacks, we found a significant benefit of icatibant as compared with tranexamic acid in one trial and a nonsignificant benefit of icatibant as compared with placebo in the other trial with regard to the primary end point. The early use of rescue medication may have obscured the benefit of icatibant in the placebo trial. (Funded by Jerini; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00097695 and NCT00500656.)
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| 27. |
- Forti, S., et al.
(författare)
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Large-area homogeneous quasifree standing epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001): Electronic and structural characterization
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 84:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC has been identified as one of the most promising techniques to produce graphene for electronic applications. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the electronic and structural properties of large-area quasifree standing epitaxial monolayer graphene grown on top of the SiC(0001) surface. For this purpose, we combine the thermal treatment of SiC in Ar atmosphere to achieve a homogeneous coverage of the surface with the hydrogen intercalation process, which leads to the removal of the interaction between the substrate and the carbon layer. The band structure in the vicinity of the (K) over bar point is measured using high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. A detailed analysis of the quasiparticle dynamics reveals a renormalization of the band velocity estimated to about 3% at energies around 200 meV below the Fermi level, which mainly originates from electron-phonon interaction. Further analysis of the momentum distribution curves leads to the formulation of a model for the doping reduction in such a system in the course of sample annealing above 650 degrees C. The uniformity and homogeneity of the graphene is demonstrated by means of low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM). Microphotoelectron spectroscopy data confirm the high structural quality and homogeneity of the quasifree standing graphene. Using LEEM and scanning tunneling microscopy, we demonstrate that the hydrogen desorption at elevated temperatures of approximately 750 degrees C sets in on the graphene terraces rather than via the step edges.
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| 28. |
- Fuger, C., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Ta on the oxidation resistance of WB2-z coatings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ternary W1-x TaxB2-z is a promising protective coating material possessing enhanced ductile character and phase stability compared to closely related binaries. Here, the oxidation resistance of W1-xTaxB2-z thin films was experimentally investigated at temperatures up to 700 degrees C. Ta alloying in sputter deposited WB2-z coatings led to decelerated oxide scale growth and a changed growth mode from paralinear to a more linear (but retarded) behavior with increasing Ta content. The corresponding rate constants decrease from k(p)* = 6.3.10(-4) mu m(2)/s for WB2-z to k(p)* = 1.1.10(-4) mu m(2)/s for W0.66Ta0.34B2-z as well as k(1) = 2.6.10(-5) mu m/s for TaB2-z, underlined by decreasing scale thicknesses ranging from 1170 nm (WB2-z), over 610 nm (W0.66Ta0.34B2-z) to 320 nm (TaB2-z) after 10 min at 700 degrees C. Dense and adherent scales exhibit an increased tantalum content (columnar oxides), which suppresses the volatile character of tungsten-rich as well as boron oxides, hence being a key-factor for enhanced oxidation resistance. Thus, adding Ta (in the range of x = 0.2-0.3) to a-structured WB2-z does not only positively influence the ductile character and thermal stability but also drastically increases the oxidation resistance.
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| 29. |
- Riedl, C., et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-Free-Standing Epitaxial Graphene on SiC Obtained by Hydrogen Intercalation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 103:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasi-free-standing epitaxial graphene is obtained on SiC(0001) by hydrogen intercalation. The hydrogen moves between the (6 root 3 x 6 root 3) R 30 degrees reconstructed initial carbon layer and the SiC substrate. The topmost Si atoms which for epitaxial graphene are covalently bound to this buffer layer, are now saturated by hydrogen bonds. The buffer layer is turned into a quasi-free-standing graphene monolayer with its typical linear pi bands. Similarly, epitaxial monolayer graphene turns into a decoupled bilayer. The intercalation is stable in air and can be reversed by annealing to around 900 degrees C.
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| 30. |
- Toomey, Matthew B., et al.
(författare)
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Complementary shifts in photoreceptor spectral tuning unlock the full adaptive potential of ultraviolet vision in birds
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Color vision in birds is mediated by four types of cone photoreceptors whose maximal sensitivities (λmax) are evenly spaced across the light spectrum. In the course of avian evolution, the λmax of the most shortwave-sensitive cone, SWS1, has switched between violet (λmax > 400 nm) and ultraviolet (λmax < 380 nm) multiple times. This shift of the SWS1 opsin is accompanied by a corresponding short-wavelength shift in the spectrally adjacent SWS2 cone. Here, we show that SWS2 cone spectral tuning is mediated by modulating the ratio of two apocarotenoids, galloxanthin and 11',12'-dihydrogalloxanthin, which act as intracellular spectral filters in this cell type. We propose an enzymatic pathway that mediates the differential production of these apocarotenoids in the avian retina, and we use color vision modeling to demonstrate how correlated evolution of spectral tuning is necessary to achieve even sampling of the light spectrum and thereby maintain near-optimal color discrimination.
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| 31. |
- Bangemann, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Art in Industrial Automation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems. - Cham : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783319056234 - 9783319056241 ; , s. 23-47
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decades, industrial automation has become a driving force in all production systems. Technologies and architectures have emerged alongside the growing organisational structures of production plants. Every innovation had to start from the latest state-of-the-art systems within the respective domain. While investigating the introduction of service-oriented architectures to automation, and even down to the shop floor, one has to consider latest standards, proofed technologies, industrial solutions and latest research works in the automation domain. This chapter tries, without any claim to completeness, to provide a short summary of today’s situation and trends in automation.
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| 32. |
- Bergmeister, Konstantin D., et al.
(författare)
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Broadband prosthetic interfaces: Combining nerve transfers and implantable multichannel EMG technology to decode spinal motor neuron activity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 11, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern robotic hands/upper limbs may replace multiple degrees of freedom of extremity function. However, their intuitive use requires a high number of control signals, which current man-machine interfaces do not provide. Here, we discuss a broadband control interface that combines targeted muscle reinnervation, implantable multichannel electromyographic sensors, and advanced decoding to address the increasing capabilities of modern robotic limbs. With targeted muscle reinnervation, nerves that have lost their targets due to an amputation are surgically transferred to residual stump muscles to increase the number of intuitive prosthetic control signals. This surgery re-establishes a nerve-muscle connection that is used for sensing nerve activity with myoelectric interfaces. Moreover, the nerve transfer determines neurophysiological effects, such as muscular hyper-reinnervation and cortical reafferentation that can be exploited by the myoelectric interface. Modern implantable multichannel EMG sensors provide signals from which it is possible to disentangle the behavior of single motor neurons. Recent studies have shown that the neural drive to muscles can be decoded from these signals and thereby the user's intention can be reliably estimated. By combining these concepts in chronic implants and embedded electronics, we believe that it is in principle possible to establish a broadband man-machine interface, with specific applications in prosthesis control. This perspective illustrates this concept, based on combining advanced surgical techniques with recording hardware and processing algorithms. Here we describe the scientific evidence for this concept, current state of investigations, challenges, and alternative approaches to improve current prosthetic interfaces.
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| 33. |
- Bergmeister, Konstantin D, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle's force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populations transformed into the donor nerve's original muscles. We thus demonstrate that axons of alternative spinal origin can hyper-reinnervate target muscles without loss of muscle force regeneration, but with a donor-specific shift in muscle fiber type. These results explain the excellent clinical outcomes following nerve transfers in neuromuscular reconstruction. They indicate that reinnervated muscles can provide an accurate bioscreen to display neural information of lost body parts for high-fidelity prosthetic control.
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| 34. |
- Gau, Rémi, et al.
(författare)
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Brainhack : Developing a culture of open, inclusive, community-driven neuroscience
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 109:11, s. 1769-1775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brainhack is an innovative meeting format that promotes scientific collaboration and education in an open, inclusive environment. This NeuroView describes the myriad benefits for participants and the research community and how Brainhacks complement conventional formats to augment scientific progress.
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| 35. |
- Johnson, Sally, et al.
(författare)
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An audit analysis of a guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea negative (atypical) hemolytic uremic syndrome
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-198X .- 0931-041X. ; 29:10, s. 1967-1978
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, the European Paediatric Study Group for Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS) published a clinical practice guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative HUS (now more widely referred to as atypical HUS, aHUS). The therapeutic component of the guideline (comprising early, high-volume plasmapheresis) was derived from anecdotal evidence and expert consensus, and the authors committed to auditing outcome. Questionnaires were distributed to pediatric nephrologists across Europe, North America, and the Middle East, who were asked to complete one questionnaire per patient episode of aHUS between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010. Comprehensive, anonymous demographic and clinical data were collected. Seventy-one children were reported with an episode of aHUS during the audit period. Six cases occurred on a background of influenza A H1N1 infection. Of 71 patients, 59 (83 %) received plasma therapy within the first 33 days, of whom ten received plasma infusion only. Complications of central venous catheters occurred in 16 out of 51 patients with a catheter in-situ (31 %). Median time to enter hematological remission was 11.5 days, and eight of 71 (11 %) patients did not enter hematological remission by day 33. Twelve patients (17 %) remained dialysis dependent at day 33. This audit provides a snapshot of the early outcome of a group of children with aHUS in the months prior to more widespread use of eculizumab.
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| 36. |
- Kohlhauser, B., et al.
(författare)
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How microalloying of the Al target can improve process and film characteristics of sputtered alumina
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outstanding thermo-mechanical and chemical stability of Al2O3 thin films attracts particular attention in academia and industry. Here we show that alloying of the powder metallurgically prepared Al targets with 2 as well as 5 at.% of Cr, Mo, or W significantly improves the process stability (e.g., reducing arcing events) for Al2O3, allowing their reactive magnetron sputtering in DC mode (substrate temperature was always 360 degrees C). Contrary to these microalloying elements, Nb did not change or improve the process characteristics of the Al target due to the relatively coarse Nb particles (< 125 mu m). Particularly the small (< 10 mu m) and fine-dispersed W particles are very effective in stopping the collision cascades to concentrate them to the near subsurface target-regions. This leads to a shift of the target-poisoning onset from O-2/(Ar + O-2) flow-rate-ratios of about 32 to 52%, specifically when adding 5 at.% to the Al target. Thereby also improved deposition rates are possible. However, detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy studies show that only thin films developed from the 2 at.% W alloyed Al target have a nanocrystalline gamma-Al2O3-based structure comparable to those prepared from Al or Cr alloyed Al targets. The films are with 28.3 GPa instead of 26.8 GPa slightly harder when sputtered from Al0.98W0.02 instead of Al targets. Higher W contents (and also Nb) in the target lead to the formation of Al2O3-based films with considerably lower crystalline phase fractions and hardness (similar to 13 GPa). Hardest films, with 30.0 and 29.6 GPa, are obtained when using Al0.98Cr0.02 and Al0.98Cr0.05 targets, respectively. The formation of volatile Mo-oxides during film growth interferes the structure development, leading to rather soft films with 8.0 GPa especially when using the higher Mo alloyed Al0.98Cr0.05 target. Based on our results we can conclude that microalloying the Al targets with small and fine-dispersed Cr or W particles not just improves process stability and deposition rate during reactive sputtering of Al2O3, but also their mechanical thin film properties.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Lasfargues, H., et al.
(författare)
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Non-reactively sputtered ultra-high temperature Hf-C and Ta-C coatings
- 2017
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 309, s. 436-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition metal carbides are known for their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties, notably governed by the carbon content and the prevalent vacancies on the non-metallic sublattice. However, when using reactive deposition techniques, the formation of amorphous C-containing phases is often observed. Here, we show that non-reactive magnetron sputtering of HfC0.89 or TaC0.92 targets lead to fully crystalline coatings. Their C content depends on the target-to-substrate alignment and globally increases from HfC0.66 to HfC0.76 and from TaC0.69 to TaC0.75 with increasing bias potential from floating to - 100 V, respectively, when using a substrate temperature T-sub of 500 degrees C. Increasing T-sub to 700 degrees C leads to variations from TaC0.71 to TaC0.81. All HfCy films are single-phase face-centered cubic, whereas the TaCy films also contain small fractions of the hexagonal Ta2C phase. The highest hardness and indentation modulus among all coatings studied is obtained for TaC0.75 with H = 41.9 +/- 03 GPa and E = 466.8 +/- 15 GPa. Ab initio calculations predict an easy formation of vacancies on the C-sublattice, especially in the Ta-C system, and a temperature driven stabilization of defected structures at high temperatures, with fewer vacancies on the C sublattice for Hf-C than for Ta-C The predicted phase stability is proven up to 2400 C for both systems by annealing experiments in vacuum.
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| 39. |
- Loirat, Chantal, et al.
(författare)
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An international consensus approach to the management of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pediatric Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-198X .- 0931-041X. ; 31:1, s. 15-39
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) emerged during the last decade as a disease largely of complement dysregulation. This advance facilitated the development of novel, rational treatment options targeting terminal complement activation, e.g., using an anti-C5 antibody (eculizumab). We review treatment and patient management issues related to this therapeutic approach. We present consensus clinical practice recommendations generated by HUS International, an international expert group of clinicians and basic scientists with a focused interest in HUS. We aim to address the following questions of high relevance to daily clinical practice: Which complement investigations should be done and when? What is the importance of anti-factor H antibody detection? Who should be treated with eculizumab? Is plasma exchange therapy still needed? When should eculizumab therapy be initiated? How and when should complement blockade be monitored? Can the approved treatment schedule be modified? What approach should be taken to kidney and/or combined liver-kidney transplantation? How should we limit the risk of meningococcal infection under complement blockade therapy? A pressing question today regards the treatment duration. We discuss the need for prospective studies to establish evidence-based criteria for the continuation or cessation of anticomplement therapy in patients with and without identified complement mutations.
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| 40. |
- Moraes, V., et al.
(författare)
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Substoichiometry and tantalum dependent thermal stability of alpha-structured W-Ta-B thin films
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scripta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6462 .- 1872-8456. ; 155, s. 5-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical vapor deposited (PVD) WB2 thin films crystallize in the alpha-AIB(2)-prototype structure rather than in their thermodynamically stable (omega-W2B5-z-prototype structure. Contrary to the majority of alpha-AlB2-type transition metal diborides (TMB2), alpha-WB2 exhibits a more ductile character. Combining density functional theory and sophisticated experiments, we show that the stability of alpha-WB2 thin films is basically influenced by point defects such as vacancies present in PVD materials. With the help of alpha-TaB2 (one of the most ductile TMB2 with high preference for alpha-AlB2-type), the thermally driven decomposition and phase transformation of alpha-W1-xTaxB2-z to the omega-W2B5-z-type can be shifted to temperatures above 1200 degrees C.
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| 41. |
- Nordling, J, et al.
(författare)
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Primary evaluation of patients suspected of having interstitial cystitis (IC).
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Urol. - : Elsevier BV. ; 45:5, s. 662-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Article Outline 1. Introduction 1.1. History 1.2. Physical examination 1.3. Laboratory tests 1.4. Symptom evaluation 1.5. Urodynamics 1.5.1. Modified KCl test: comparative assessment of maximum bladder capacity 2. Cystoscopy 2.1. Technique 2.2. Inspection 3. Morphology 3.1. Biopsies 3.1.1. Number of biopsies 3.1.2. Biopsy handling 3.1.3. Mast cell counting 3.2. The pathology report References
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| 42. |
- Riedl, C., et al.
(författare)
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Precise in situ thickness analysis of epitaxial graphene layers on SiC(0001) using low-energy electron diffraction and angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 93:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate an easy and practical method for the thickness analysis of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) that can be applied continuously during the preparation procedure. Fingerprints in the spot intensity spectra in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) allow for the exact determination of the number of layers for the first three graphene layers. The LEED data have been correlated with the electronic bandstructure around the (K) over bar -point of the graphene Brillouin zone as investigated by laboratory based angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy using He II excitation. The morphology and homogeneity of the graphene layers can be analyzed by low energy electron microscopy. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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| 43. |
- Sanders, C, et al.
(författare)
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Involving Individuals with Disorders of Sex Development and Their Parents in Exploring New Models of Shared Learning: Proceedings from a DSDnet COST Action Workshop
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1661-5433. ; 12:5, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level of connection between health care professionals and people who experience a condition that affects sex development is variable. These people and associated support groups need to be included in discussions about research and healthcare delivery. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of individuals with disorders of sexual development (DSD), their parents, health care providers, and support groups. Workshop planning, preparation, delivery, and evaluation involved members of working groups from the COST Action DSDnet. A coordinator, in collaboration with a support group representative, led the workshop design and delivery. Our successful, facilitated workshop involved 33 attendees from 8 EU countries. The workshop provided individuals with DSD, parents, advisory groups, and professionals with an opportunity for shared learning. Outputs focused on 7 key areas, including diagnosis, childhood, and transition to adult care as well as fostering discussion around registries, future research topics, consent processes, and information needs across the life course. The importance of trustworthy and knowledgeable providers, time to understand such rare conditions, and the place support groups have in a life course approach were valuable learning points for all attendees. In conclusion, workshops can be designed and delivered in meaningful ways for all those involved in care of individuals with rare conditions.
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| 44. |
- Stadler, M, et al.
(författare)
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Exclusion from spheroid formation identifies loss of essential cell-cell adhesion molecules in colon cancer cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1, s. 1151-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cell lines derived from solid cancers can form spheroids, which recapitulate tumor cell clusters and are more representative of the in vivo situation than 2D cultures. During spheroid formation, a small proportion of a variety of different colon cancer cell lines did not integrate into the sphere and lost cell-cell adhesion properties. An enrichment protocol was developed to augment the proportion of these cells to 100% purity. The basis for the separation of spheroids from non-spheroid forming (NSF) cells is simple gravity-sedimentation. This protocol gives rise to sub-populations of colon cancer cells with stable loss of cell-cell adhesion. SW620 cells lacked E-cadherin, DLD-1 cells lost α-catenin and HCT116 cells lacked P-cadherin in the NSF state. Knockdown of these molecules in the corresponding spheroid-forming cells demonstrated that loss of the respective proteins were indeed responsible for the NSF phenotypes. Loss of the spheroid forming phenotype was associated with increased migration and invasion properties in all cell lines tested. Hence, we identified critical molecules involved in spheroid formation in different cancer cell lines. We present here a simple, powerful and broadly applicable method to generate new sublines of tumor cell lines to study loss of cell-cell adhesion in cancer progression.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- van de Merwe, JP, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Criteria, Classification, and Nomenclature for Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: An ESSIC Proposal.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838. ; 53:1, s. 60-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objectives Because the term “interstitial cystitis” (IC) has different meanings in different centers and different parts of the world, the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) has worked to create a consensus on definitions, diagnosis, and classification in an attempt to overcome the lack of international agreement on various aspects of IC. Methods ESSIC has discussed definitions, diagnostic criteria, and disease classification in four meetings and extended e-mail correspondence. Results It was agreed to name the disease bladder pain syndrome (BPS). BPS would be diagnosed on the basis of chronic pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency. Confusable diseases as the cause of the symptoms must be excluded. Classification of BPS types might be performed according to findings at cystoscopy with hydrodistention and morphologic findings in bladder biopsies. The presence of other organ symptoms as well as cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and sexual symptoms, should be addressed. Conclusions The name IC has become misleading and is replaced by BPS. This name is in line with recent nomenclature recommendations by the European Association of Urology and is based on the axial structure of the International Association for the Study of Pain classification. To facilitate the change of the name, ESSIC agreed to include IC in the overall term (BPS/IC) during this transition period. Take Home Message The European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis recommends that the name “interstitial cystitis” be changed to “bladder pain syndrome.” A specific definition, diagnostic criteria, and patient evaluation standard are provided.
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| 49. |
- Virojanadara, Chariya, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon adatom chains and one-dimensionally confined electrons on 4H-SiC(1-102): The (2x1) reconstruction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 602:22, s. 3506-3509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic and atomic structure of the 4H-SiC surface was investigated. Photoemission data indicate that the surface contains about 2 Si layers on top of the bulk layers. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show that these adlayers are terminated by an ordered array of adatom chains separated by the unit cell size. An electronic surface state located at a binding energy of 0.8 eV shows one-dimensional confinement with dispersion only along the chains. Based on the experimental observations, a tentative (2 × 1) surface model is derived with the surface terminated by alternating chains of Si adatoms and Si dimers in between.
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| 50. |
- Witjes, J. Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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Hexaminolevulinate-Guided Fluorescence Cystoscopy in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer : Review of the Evidence and Recommendations
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 57:4, s. 607-614
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Compared with standard white-light cystoscopy, photodynamic diagnosis with blue light and the photosensitiser hexaminolevulinate has been shown to improve the visualisation of bladder tumours, reduce residual tumour rates by at least 20%, and improve recurrence-free survival. There is currently no overall European consensus outlining specifically where hexaminolevulinate is or is not indicated. Objective: Our aim was to define specific indications for hexaminolevulinate guided fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Evidence acquisition: A European expert panel was convened to review the evidence for hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and management of NMIBC (identified through a PubMed MESH search) and available guidelines from across Europe. On the basis of this information and drawing on the extensive clinical experience of the panel, specific indications for the technique were then identified through discussion. Evidence synthesis: The panel recommends that hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy be used to aid diagnosis at initial transurethral resection following suspicion of bladder cancer and in patients with positive urine cytology but negative white-light cystoscopy for the assessment of tumour recurrences in patients not previously assessed with hexaminolevulinate, in the initial follow-up of patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) or multifocal tumours, and as a teaching tool. The panel does not currently recommend the use of hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in patients for whom cystectomy is indicated or for use in the outpatient setting with flexible cystoscopy. Conclusions: Evidence is available to support the use of hexaminolevulinate-guided fluorescence cystoscopy in a range of indications, as endorsed by an expert panel. (c) 2010 European Association of Urology.
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