| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Joubert, M., et al.
(författare)
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'Pandem-icons' - exploring the characteristics of highly visible scientists during the Covid-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jcom-Journal of Science Communication. - : Sissa Medialab Srl. - 1824-2049. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic escalated demand for scientific explanations and guidance, creating opportunities for scientists to become publicly visible. In this study, we compared characteristics of visible scientists during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic (January to December 2020) across 16 countries. We find that the scientists who became visible largely matched socio-cultural criteria that have characterised visible scientists in the past (e.g., age, gender, credibility, public image, involvement in controversies). However, there were limited tendencies that scientists commented outside their areas of expertise. We conclude that the unusual circumstances created by Covid-19 did not change the phenomenon of visible scientists in significant ways.
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| 3. |
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| 5. |
- Lundström, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries
- 2000
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 94:04-feb, s. 335-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geochemical, mineralogical, micromorphological, microbiological, hydrochemical and hpdrological joint investigations were performed at two coniferous podzolic sites in the north of Sweden and at one in the south of Finland. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to create numerous pens (3-10-mu m diameter) in many weatherable mineral grains in the eluvial (E) horizon. During the growing season, identified low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids such as citric, shikimic, oxalic and fumaric acids comprised 0.5-5% of the DOC and 0.5-15% of the total acidity in soil solutions. Between 20% and 40% of the dissolved Al was bound to the identified LMW organic acids. Mineral dissolution via complexing LMW acids, probably exuded in part by the mycorrhiza hyphae, is likely to be a major weathering process in podzols. We found no evidence for a decreasing C/metal ratio of the migrating organo-metal complexes that could explain the precipitation of secondary Fe and AL in the illuvial (B) horizon. Instead, microbial degradation of organic ligands resulting in the release of ionic,Al and Fe to the soil solution may he an important process facilitating the formation of solid Al-SI-OH and Fe-OH phases in the podzol B horizon. However, within the B horizon transport as proto-imogilite (PI) sols might be possible. In the B horizon, the extractable,Al and Fe was predominantly inorganic. The large specific surface area (SSA) removable by oxalate extraction, the high point of zero charge salt effect (PZSE), the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the high sulphate exchange capacity (SEC), painted to the presence of short-range ordered variable charge phases. Imogolite type material (ITM) was indeed identified in all B horizons by IR spectroscopy and crystalline imogolite was found in the deep B horizon of one profile. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated that Fe in the form of ferrihydrite was formed by intergrowth with an Al-Si-OH phase. The high amounts of Fe and Al transported from the O to the E horizon indicate that there could be an upward transport of these elements before they are leached to the B horizon. We hypothesize that the LMW Al complexes an transported by hyphae to the mor (O) layer, partly released and subsequently complexed by high molecular weight (HMW) acids.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björnerås, C., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread Increases in Iron Concentration in European and North American Freshwaters
- 2017
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236 .- 1944-9224. ; 31:10, s. 1488-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent reports of increasing iron (Fe) concentrations in freshwaters are of concern, given the fundamental role of Fe in biogeochemical processes. Still, little is known about the frequency and geographical distribution of Fe trends or about the underlying drivers. We analyzed temporal trends of Fe concentrations across 340 water bodies distributed over 10 countries in northern Europe and North America in order to gain a clearer understanding of where, to what extent, and why Fe concentrations are on the rise. We found that Fe concentrations have significantly increased in 28% of sites, and decreased in 4%, with most positive trends located in northern Europe. Regions with rising Fe concentrations tend to coincide with those with organic carbon (OC) increases. Fe and OC increases may not be directly mechanistically linked, but may nevertheless be responding to common regional-scale drivers such as declining sulfur deposition or hydrological changes. A role of hydrological factors was supported by covarying trends in Fe and dissolved silica, as these elements tend to stem from similar soil depths. A positive relationship between Fe increases and conifer cover suggests that changing land use and expanded forestry could have contributed to enhanced Fe export, although increases were also observed in nonforested areas. We conclude that the phenomenon of increasing Fe concentrations is widespread, especially in northern Europe, with potentially significant implications for wider ecosystem biogeochemistry, and for the current browning of freshwaters.
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| 8. |
- Glader, Pernilla, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of acute exposure to tobacco smoke on gelatinases in the bronchoalveolar space.
- 2008
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003. ; 32:3, s. 644-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical studies have indicated increased gelatinase activity in the airways of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by tobacco smoke. The present study aimed to determine whether acute exposure to tobacco smoke per se causes a substantial and lasting impact on gelatinases and their inhibitors in the peripheral airways of atopic and nonatopic human subjects. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on occasional smokers with and without atopy before and after smoking 10 cigarettes over a 48-h period. Samples from a group of never-smokers not exposed to tobacco smoke served as controls. Gelatinase identity and activity were measured using zymography, and gelatinase activity assay and concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were measured using ELISA. The results revealed no pronounced changes in identity, net activity or concentration of the gelatinases or changes in concentrations of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in BAL fluid before and after acute exposure to tobacco smoke. In conclusion, the present experimental study indicates that acute exposure to tobacco smoke does not cause any substantial impact on gelatinases or their inhibitors in the peripheral airways, irrespective of atopy status, a finding that is compatible with the fact that it takes many years of tobacco smoking to establish chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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| 9. |
- Greer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Lung transplantation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a pan-European experience
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 51:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) affect 6% of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) recipients within 5 years, conferring subsequent 5-year survival of 50%. Lung transplantation is rarely performed in this setting due to concomitant extrapulmonary morbidity, excessive immunosuppression and concerns about recurring malignancy being considered contraindications. This study assesses survival in highly selected patients undergoing lung transplantation for LONIPCs after SCT. SCT patients undergoing lung transplantation at 20 European centres between 1996 and 2014 were included. Clinical data pre- and post-lung transplantation were reviewed. Propensity score-matched controls were generated from the Eurotransplant and Scandiatransplant registries. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluating predictors of graft loss were performed. Graft survival at 1, 3 and 5 years of 84%, 72% and 67%, respectively, among the 105 SCT patients proved comparable to controls (p=0.75). Sepsis accounted for 15 out of 37 deaths (41%), with prior mechanical ventilation (HR 6.9, 95% CI 1.0-46.7; p<0.001) the leading risk factor. No SCT-specific risk factors were identified. Recurring malignancy occurred in four patients (4%). Lung transplantation <2 years post-SCT increased all-cause 1-year mortality (HR 7.5, 95% CI 2.3-23.8; p=0.001). Lung transplantation outcomes following SCT were comparable to other end-stage diseases. Lung transplantation should be considered feasible in selected candidates. No SCT-specific factors influencing outcome were identified within this carefully selected patient cohort.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Holm, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Lung transplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after allo-SCT
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bone Marrow Transplantation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5365 .- 0268-3369. ; 48:5, s. 703-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) associated bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a serious complication after allo-SCT, and lung transplantation (LTx) may be the ultimate treatment option. To evaluate this treatment, data on all patients with LTx after allo-SCT ever performed in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland were recorded and compared with survival data from the Scandiatransplant registry. In total, LTx after allo-SCT had been performed in 13 patients. Allo-SCT was done because of AML (n = 6), CML (n = 3), ALL (n = 2), immunodeficiency (n = 1) and aplastic anemia (n = 1). All developed clinical cGVHD, with median interval from allo-SCT to LTx of 8.2 (0.7-16) years. Median age at LTx was 34 (16-55) years, and the median postoperative observation time was 4.2 (0.1-15) years. Two patients died, one due to septicemia, the other of relapsing leukemia, after 2 and 14 months, respectively. Four developed BOS, one of these was retransplanted. The survival did not significantly differ from the survival in matched LTx controls, being 90% 1 year and 75% 5 years after LTx compared with 85% and 68% in the controls. We therefore suggest that LTx may be considered in carefully selected patients with BOS due to cGVHD after allo-SCT.
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| 13. |
- Isidorova, Anastasija, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of lake browning and respiration mode on the burial and fate of carbon and mercury in the sediment of two boreal lakes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 121:1, s. 233-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many northern temperate regions, the water color of lakes has increased over the past decades (lake browning), probably caused by an increased export of dissolved organic matter from soils. We investigated if the increase in water color in two lakes in Norway has resulted in increased burial of organic carbon (OC) and mercury (Hg) in the sediments and if the Hg was prone to methylation. Lake Solbergvann experienced a threefold water color increase, and OC burial increased approximately twofold concomitant to the water color increase. This lake had prolonged periods of anoxic bottom water, and anoxic OC mineralization rates were only about half of the oxic OC mineralization rates (7.7 and 17.5g C m(-2)yr(-1), respectively), contributing to an efficient OC burial. In Lake Elvaga, where water color increase was only approximately twofold and bottom water was oxygenated, no recent increase in OC burial could be observed. Hg burial increased strongly in both lakes (threefold and 1.6-fold in Lake Solbergvann and Lake Elvaga, respectively), again concomitant to the recent water color increase. The proportion of methylated Hg (MeHg) in surficial sediment was 1 order of magnitude higher in Lake Elvaga (up to 6% MeHg) than in Lake Solbergvann (0.2-0.6% MeHg), probably related to the different oxygenation regimes. We conclude that lake browning can result in increased OC and Hg burial in lake sediments, but the extent of browning and the dominating mode of sediment respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) strongly affect burial and fate of OC and Hg in sediments.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Qvarfordt, Ingemar, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in smokers with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations: comparison with asymptomatic smokers and never-smokers
- 1999
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Ingår i: Respir Med. - 0954-6111. ; 93:7, s. 491-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate whether smoking patients with chronic bronchitis (CB) and recurrent exacerbations show signs of depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as reflected in the cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, in comparison with asymptomatic smokers and healthy never-smokers. The study was a comparative clinical study performed at a university hospital center of respiratory medicine. Sixteen smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, five of whom had mild airflow obstruction, 18 asymptomatic smokers and 18 healthy never-smokers, all aged between 35 and 64 years, participated. No subjects treated with corticosteroids or N-acetylcysteine were included. Cutaneous DTH-reactions to seven recall antigens were assessed with Multitest, a standardized in vivo test of clinical CMI. Reactions were assessed 48 h after application by measurement of skin induration. A score (sum in mm of positive reactions) was created to assess overall reactivity. Neither the score nor the number of positive reactions differed significantly between the three study groups. Men had a significantly higher reactivity than women (P < 0.05) irrespective of group affiliation. No influence of smoking status on DTH reactivity could be seen. In the CB group no correlation was found between DTH reactivity and number of exacerbations the past 2 years. Patients with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations did not differ from asymptomatic smokers or healthy never-smokers with respect to cutaneous DTH reactions. Depression of CMI, as measured in this study, does not seem to be a primary factor behind recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB.
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| 18. |
- Qvarfordt, Ingemar, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Immunological findings in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic bronchitis patients with recurrent infectious exacerbations
- 1998
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - 0903-1936. ; 11:1, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bronchial infections are common in smokers and seem to be related to the presence of chronic bronchitis (CB). Why only some smokers develop repeated bronchial infections is not known. The aim of this study was to screen for immunological changes associated with disease in patients with CB and recurrent infectious exacerbations compared to asymptomatic smokers. Sixteen smokers with stable CB and recurrent infectious exacerbations, and 18 asymptomatic smokers, all without any immunomodulating treatment, underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Smoking history and current smoking status were comparable. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, IgG and IgG subclasses were measured. Blood and BAL lymphocyte phenotypes and proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to various stimulators were analysed. Unstimulated and tetanus toxoid-stimulated production of cytokines in PBMC cultures was measured. Natural killer (NK-) cell activity was analysed. A significantly (p<0.05) lower level of IgG3 was found in the CB group, and a significantly (p<0.01) higher proliferative response of PBMCs was found in the CB group after stimulation with diphtheria toxoid. Detectable levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma, but not of IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta2, were found in supernatants from cultured cells in both study groups. Stimulated TNF-alpha production was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the CB group. NK-cell activity did not differ significantly between the study groups. There were no major differences between the groups in lymphocyte subpopulations in blood or BAL. In conclusion, no major alterations in the analysed indices of cell-mediated and humoral immunity were found in patients with chronic bronchitis prone to recurrent infectious exacerbations when compared with asymptomatic smoking controls.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Riise, G., et al.
(författare)
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Mobility of different size fractions of organic carbon, Al, Fe, Mn and Si in podzols
- 2000
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061. ; 94:2-4, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of size distribution on the translocation of organic carbon, Fe, Al, Mn and Si in soil waters, has been studied in Scandinavian podzol profiles from three different locations. Soil solutions from different horizons have been filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter prior to further size fractionation by ultramembrane techniques. Organic carbon, Fe, Al, Mn and Si were determined in: (I) a colloidal fraction-nominal molecular weight cutoff > 3 kDa, (II) a medium size fraction-nominal molecular weight cutoff 1-3 kDa, and (III) a low molecular size fraction-nominal molecular weight cutoff < 1 kDa. The colloidal fraction comprise large proportions of organic carbon in the O and the E horizons, while low molecular size organic carbon fractions increase with depth in the B horizon on a percentage basis. A major part of Fe and Al seems to be associated with the colloidal fraction of organic carbon in the O horizon, and results suggest that colloidal organic matter contribute to the vertical translocation of metals through the E horizon. Maximum concentrations of Si, Al and Fe are found in the E horizon. Concentration of colloidal Si is significantly higher in the E than the other horizons. Although the total concentration of Si is four times the concentration of Al, colloidal Si and Al are present in more or less similar concentrations. This suggest that Si and Al are associated with each other in colloids in the E horizon. Equilibrium calculations, however, indicate that proto-imogolite sols are not very likely, and correlation coefficients rather suggest interaction of Al with colloidal organic carbon. The major part of Fe is in the colloidal fraction in all horizons. In contrast, Mn decreases sharply with depth, and is generally in a low molecular weight form. This indicates that Mn is related to the litter turnover process and that Mn takes little part in the podzolization process.
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| 21. |
- Scherstén, Henrik, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Increased levels of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with lung allografts
- 1996
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Ingår i: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. - 0022-5223. ; 111:1, s. 253-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to determine levels of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma in patients with lung and heart-lung allografts. The aim was based on the hypothesis that levels of endothelin-1 are elevated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with lung allografts. Patients (n = 23) undergoing heart-lung (n = 8), single-lung (n = 10), or bilateral lung (n = 5) transplantation were included in the study. In patients with single-lung allografts, endothelin-1 levels were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from both the transplanted and the nontransplanted, native lung. The level of endothelin-1 was also analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 12 patients who did not undergo transplantation. Transbronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage were done routinely or when clinically indicated on 64 different occasions, between 2 and 104 weeks after transplantation. The level of endothelin-1 was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma by radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive endothelin-1 was detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from all patients. The concentration of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from transplanted lungs (2.94 +/- 0.30 pg/ml, n = 64) was significantly higher compared with that in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients without allografts (0.86 +/- 0.20 pg/ml, n = 12, p < 0.01). In patients who received single-lung transplantation because of emphysema, the level of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the transplanted lung was significantly greater than that from the native lung (5.61 +/- 1.9 versus 0.39 +/- 0.05 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Concentrations of endothelin-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not correlate with grade of rejection, infection, or time after transplant. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 were unchanged with pulmonary rejection. These results indicate that endothelin-1 is released into bronchi of transplanted human lungs. The release is not associated with rejection or infection. Because of its potent mitogenic properties, endothelin-1 may have a potential impact in the development of posttransplant complications such as bronchiolitis obliterans.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Wallinder, Andreas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Early results in transplantation of initially rejected donor lungs after ex vivo lung perfusion: a case-control study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-734X. ; 45:1, s. 40-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: An increasing number of studies have shown that ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is safe and that rejected donor lungs can be resuscitated and used for lung transplantation (LTx). Early clinical outcomes in patients transplanted with reconditioned lungs at our centre were reviewed and compared with those of contemporary non-EVLP controls. METHODS: During 18 months starting January 2011, 11 pairs of donor lungs initially deemed unsuitable for transplantation underwent EVLP. Haemodynamic (pulmonary flow, vascular resistance and artery pressure) and respiratory (peak airway pressure and compliance) parameters were analysed during evaluation. Lungs that improved (n = 11) to meet International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria were transplanted and compared with patients transplanted with non-EVLP lungs (n = 47) during the same time period. RESULTS: Donor lungs were initially rejected due to either inferior PaO2/FiO2 ratio (n = 9), bilateral infiltrate on chest X-ray (n = 1) or ongoing extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 1). The donor lungs improved from a mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio of 27.9 kPa in the donor to a mean of 59.6 kPa at the end of the EVLP (median improvement 28.4 kPa, range 21.0-50.7 kPa). Two single lungs were deemed unsuitable and not used for LTx. Eleven recipients from the regular waiting list underwent either single (n = 3) LTx or double (n = 8) LTx with EVLP-treated lungs. The median time to extubation (12 (range, 3-912) vs 6 (range, 2-1296) h) and median intensive care unit (ICU) stay (152 (range, 40-625) vs 48 (range, 22-1632) h) were longer in the EVLP group (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). There were no differences in length of hospital stay (median 28 (range 25-93) vs 28 (18-209), P = 0.21). Two patients in the EVLP group and 6 in the control group had primary graft dysfunction >Grade 1 at 72 h postoperatively. Three patients in the control group died before discharge. All recipients of EVLP lungs were discharged alive from hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The use of EVLP seems safe and indicates that lungs otherwise refused for LTx can be recovered and subsequently used for transplantation, although time to extubation and ICU stay were longer for the EVLP group.
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| 24. |
- Wallinder, Andreas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes and Long-term Survival After Pulmonary Retransplantation: A Single-Center Experience
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975. ; 108:4, s. 1037-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The median survival after lung retransplantation (ReLTx) reported to the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation is restricted to 2.5 years. We report the results after ReLTx from our center. Methods. A retrospective data collection was performed for the 635 patients who underwent lung transplantation between 1991 and 2017 at our center. Recipient variables were compared between patients undergoing only primary lung transplantation (PLTx) and those undergoing PLTx and later ReLTx. Time to death was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. The risk of ReLTx was analyzed in Cox regression models. Any interaction between type of transplantation, single/double, and PLTx/ReLTx was investigated. Results. ReLTx was performed in 49 patients. Survival after ReLTx at 30 days and 1, 2, and 5 years was 90%, 76%, 71%, and 55%, respectively, and the corresponding survival after PLTx was 94%, 82%, 76%, and 61%, respectively. A hazard ratio of 1.73 for ReLTx was shown (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 2.63; P = .011). After adjustments for sex, age, diabetes, renal function, preoperative ventilator, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the hazard ratio was 1.43 (95% CI, 0.90 to 2.26; P = .13). ReLTx was performed in 8 patients (16%) within the first year after PLTx. The 1-year survival for this group was 50% compared with 81% (P = .18) for patients who underwent ReLTx later than 1 year after the PLTx. One-year survival after double ReLTx was 60% (95% CI, 25% to 83%) compared with 79% (95% CI, 63% to 89%) for single ReLTx. Conclusions. ReLTx is a reasonable option for a selected group of patients. Ideally, a number of well-established risk factors are avoided and the ReLTx is performed more than 1 year after the PLTx. (C) 2019 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
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