| 1. |
- Alricsson, Marie, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Health, sleeping Habits and Physical activity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Obesity and Adolescence. - New york : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781606928219 ; , s. 95-105
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents are becoming less physically active and are increasingly adopting a sedentary life-style in front of computers and television screens. In this chapter we look at self-related health, physical activity, sleeping habits, the prevalence of overweight and body complaints in two senior high schools with questions about weight and height, health, physical activity, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, sleeping habits and possible injuries or complaints during the last three months. Seventy seven percent % of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. In academic programs compared to vocational programs, more males and females in academic programs participated in sports (71% and 80% respectively). Males reported significantly better health than females, but 65% reported body complaints during the last three months. A higher number of females than males reported back and hip complaints. Good sleep was reported in 82.1% of the males (76.6% of the females). In males 44.3% were often sleepy in the daytime (females 56.6%). Underweight, physical activity and good sleep were found to be factors with significant positive effect on good health, whereas overweight was a negative factor. Proper sleep habits and higher physical activity levels should be promoted among high school students and TV viewing time and video game use restricted. Additionally, schools should provide opportunities for young people to participate in a wider range of physical activities that address their individual needs, while promoting the health benefits of engaging in regular exercise.
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| 2. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, health, BMI and body complaints in high school students
- 2008
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Ingår i: Minerva Pediatrica. - 0026-4946 .- 1827-1715. ; 60:1, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Children and adolescents in the industrial world are becoming lessphysically active and are adopting a sedentary lifestyle in front of computersand TV. The aim of the present investigation was to determine self-relatedhealth, physical activity, prevalence of overweight and body complaints inhigh school students in Norway, and to compare students in academicprograms with those in vocational programs. METHODS: Seven hundred andtwo high school students aged 16-19 years were included in the study. Aquestionnaire was completed in three high schools and included questionsabout weight and height, health, physical activity, type of physicalactivity/sport, intensity, possible injuries or complaints during the last threemonths. RESULTS: Twenty three percent of the students suffers fromoverweight/obesity are at risk of being overweight. Males reported betterhealth than females (P<0.02). Sixty-six percent of the study group reportedbody complaints during the last three months, a higher number of femalesthan males (P=0.001). Students in vocational programs reported poorer selfrelatedhealth than those in academic programs and the males reportedbetter self-related health generally than females. Furthermore, there were ahigher level of prevalence of overweight students in vocational programsthan academic programs (P=0.039). CONCLUSION: It is important to make iteasy for school children and adolescents to do physical activity at school andduring leisure time in order to prevent overweight and obesity as well aschronic diseases later in life.
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| 3. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, health, body mass index, sleeping habits and bodycomplaints in Australian senior high school students
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 20:4, s. 501-512
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents in the industrial world are becoming less physically active and are increasingly adopting a sedentary life-style in front of computers and television screens. OBJECTIVE: to determine self-related health, physical activity, sleeping habits, prevalence of overweight, and body complaints in Australian senior high school students. METHODS: Participants were 466 high school students aged 15-17 years enrolled in academic and vocational programs. A questionnaire was completed at two senior high schools with questions about weight and height, health, physical activity, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, sleeping habits, and possible injuries or complaints during the last three months. RESULTS: Seventy seven percent of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. Compared with vocational programs, more males and females in academic programs participated in sports (71% and 80% respectively) (p = .036). Males reported significantly better health than females (p < .0001). 65% of the study group reported body complaints during the last 3 months. A higher number of females than males reported complaints about the back (p = .007) and the hip (p = .05). Good sleep was reported in 82.1% of males and in 76.6% of females. In males, 44.3% were often sleepy in the daytime (females 56.6%, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Underweight, physical activity and good sleep are factors with significant positive effect on good health, whereas overweight is a negative factor. Proper sleep habits and higher physical activity levels should be promoted among high school students, and TV viewing time and video game use restricted. Additionally, schools should provide opportunities for young people to participate in a wider range of physical activities that address their individual needs while promoting the health benefits of engaging in regular exercise.
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| 4. |
- Alricsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Self-related health, physical activity and complaints in Swedish high school students
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1537-744X. ; 6, s. 816-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this investigation was to study self-related health, physical activity and level of exertion, as well as body complaints in Swedish high school students. A total of 993 high school students aged 16–19 years participated in the study. A questionnaire was completed at school and included questions about self-related health, physical activity behavior, type of physical activity/sport, intensity, duration, possible injuries or complaints, and absence from physical training at school, during the last 3 months. The results showed that 26% of the high school students participated in sports on a regular basis. Males reported significantly better health than females (p < 0.0005). A significantly higher number of females participated in physical activities at a lower level of effort (p < 0.0005) and a higher number of males trained at a higher level of effort (p < 0.005). Sixty-one percent reported body pain during the last 3 months, representing a higher number of females than males (p = 0.03). A higher number of females than males reported complaints from the back (p = 0.002), the knees (p = 0.015), the neck (p = 0.001), and the hip (p = 0.015). Females with body complaints reported poorer health than those without complaints. There was a correlation between poor self-related health and a lower level of physical effort (0.219; p < 0.001). The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was high in this population and demonstrated a certain association with self-related health. Therefore, it is important to make it easy for adolescents to perform physical activity at school and during their leisure time in order to prevent chronic diseases.
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| 5. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Forms of gambling, gambling involvement and problem gambling: Evidence from a Swedish population survey
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 17:3, s. 490-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore the association between problem gambling (PG) and participation in different forms of gambling in order to elucidate relationships between PG, gambling involvement and gambling intensity. Using data from the first wave of the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs) (n = 4,991), the study tested four hypotheses, namely that (1) some forms of gambling are more closely associated with PG than other forms; (2) high gambling involvement is associated with PG; (3) gambling involvement is positively associated with the intensity of gambling; and (4) the relationship between gambling involvement and PG is influenced by the specific forms of gambling in which individuals participate. All four hypotheses were supported. More specifically, the study found that while many PGs regularly participate in multiple forms of gambling, half of PGs participate regularly in only one or two forms of gambling. The study concluded that some forms of gambling are more closely associated with problem gambling than other forms, and that gambling policy and regulation, as well as the development of responsible gambling initiatives, should focus on these forms.
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| 6. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of problem gambling among occupational groups: A population and registry study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 37:3, s. 262-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS – To identify which occupational groups have elevated levels of regular gambling participation and at-risk and problem gambling, and to explore job-specific factors associated with elevated levels. METHODS – Statistical analyses were performed on data from the 2015 Swedish population study on gambling and health. The principal registry variable was occupation, classified according to the Swedish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). Two gambling variables were studied: regular gambling participation and at-risk and problem gambling, as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). For statistical regression analyses, socio-demographic data were used such as gender, income, and country of origin. RESULTS – We found significant differences between occupational groups with regard to the two gambling variables. In general, manual jobs with predominantly male workers scored high, especially when there was no fixed workplace. Several significant differences remained when we controlled for gender. We also found support for three types of workers having elevated levels on the gambling variables: (1) Building, construction and service, mobile, (2) Vehicle drivers, and (3) Monotonous manual indoor work. These results were confirmed by comparisons with propensity score matched controls. CONCLUSION – A policy implication of this study is that some occupational groups should be prioritized in the prevention of problem gambling. Theoretically, the study shows that occupational categories represent real-life cultures and contexts of gambling and non-gambling as distinct from the abstract socio-demographic factors that are usually considered in relation to gambling participation and problem gambling.
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| 7. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported negative influence of gambling advertising in a Swedish population-based sample
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 35:2, s. 709-724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the negative influence of gambling advertising, that is, gambling more often or for more money than intended. We analyzed data from wave four of the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs), in which the self-perceived negative influence of gambling advertising was measured by responses to three survey questions. Few gamblers reported having been negatively influenced by gambling advertising. Among those who reported such influence, problem gamblers were overrepresented. Those who had set limits for their gambling reported a negative influence from advertising more often than others, which likely was caused by a perception that advertising is detrimental to efforts to cut down on excessive gambling. A multivariate regression analysis showed that negative influence from gambling advertising was positively associated with problem gambling, gambling at least monthly, participation in online gambling, and being in the age group 30–49 years. We conclude that although few gamblers are negatively influenced by gambling advertising, the adverse effects on those that are should not be neglected. For a considerable number of people, gambling advertising substantially contributes to problem gambling.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bosnes, Ingunn, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and correlates of successful aging in a population-based sample of older adults : the HUNT study
- 2017
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 29:3, s. 431-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The factors influencing successful aging (SA) are of great interest in an aging society. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of SA, the relative importance across age of the three components used to define it (absence of disease and disability, high cognitive and physical function, and active engagement with life), and its correlates. Data were extracted from the population-based cross-sectional Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3 2006–2008). Individuals aged 70–89 years with complete datasets for the three components were included (N = 5773 of 8,040, 71.8%). Of the respondents, 54.6% were women. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to analyze possible correlates of SA. Overall, 35.6% of the sample met one of the three criteria, 34.1% met combinations, and 14.5% met all of the three criteria. The most demanding criterion was high function, closely followed by absence of disease, while approximately two-thirds were actively engaged in life. The relative change with age was largest for the high cognitive and physical function component and smallest for active engagement with life. The significant correlates of SA were younger age, female gender, higher education, weekly exercise, more satisfaction with life, non-smoking, and alcohol consumption, whereas marital status was not related to SA. The prevalence of SA in this study (14.5%) is comparable to previous studies. It may be possible to increase the prevalence by intervention directed toward more exercise, non-smoking, and better satisfaction with life.
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| 10. |
- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Latent Demand and Time Contextual Constraints to Outdoor Recreation in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 3:1, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzes the latent demand to outdoor recreation participation and identifies what factors are constraining people from realizing thisdemand. In Sweden, recreation in the outdoors is seen as a public right as articulated in public policy and much of the outdoor recreation centre around forested landscapes-over 60 percent of the land area is classified as forest. Using data from a nationwide survey of 43 recreation activities, the study takes a time-contextual approach to reveal variations in recreation constraints across weekdays, weekends and holidays. Results show that almost half the population has a latent demand to increase their participation in outdoor recreation. Three categories of time contextualconstraints are identified and several of the constraints studied show variations across outdoor activities and socio-economic factors. Practical implications for the promotion of outdoor recreation participation by public agencies, recreation managers and tourism businesses are discussed based on the study findings.
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| 11. |
- Fredman, Peter, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Non-compliance with on-site data collection in outdoor recreation monitoring
- 2009
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Ingår i: Visitor Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-5578 .- 1934-7715. ; 12:2, s. 164-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Awide range of methods exists for on-site visitormonitoring in parks and recreation areas. Self-registration methods have proven to be popular because of their low cost and relative ease of administration, but little is known about the extent to which the data collected from self-registration boxes are representative of the population of visitors, and the degree that bias exists as a result of non-compliance. This article examines these concerns based on research at Fulufj¨allet National Park in Sweden. On-site registration card and follow-up mail survey data from a sample of visitors who did not voluntarily register were compared with the same kind of data for visitors who did register voluntarily. In total, 10 registration card items and 284 mail survey items were tested for variations between compliant and non-compliant visitors. Of these, one third of the card items, 12% and 3% of the survey items for Swedish and German visitors, respectively, yielded statistically significant differences. Implications for management and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Fröberg, Frida, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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The Incidence of Problem Gambling in a Representative Cohort of Swedish Female and Male 16-24 Year-Olds by Socio-demographic Characteristics, in Comparison with 25-44 Year-Olds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1050-5350 .- 1573-3602. ; 31:3, s. 621-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to estimate the incidence of a first episode of problem gambling among Swedish 16-24 year-olds by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and to compare the incidence between 16-24 and 25-44 year-olds, and between young women and men. Other aims were to estimate the proportions of recovery and incidence in recurrent problem gambling, and prevalence of problem gambling among 16-44 year-olds in Sweden. We selected 4,358 participants aged 16-44 from the nationally representative Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The primary outcome measure was a first episode of problem gambling during 12 months before the follow-up as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index among participants without a history of problem gambling at baseline. The incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling among 16-24 year-olds was 2.26% (95% confidence interval 1.52-3.36); three times lower among females (1.14; 0.42-3.07%) than males (3.32; 2.19-5.01%). Young age and household financial problems were associated with first episode problem gambling among young women. Among 25-44 year-olds, the incidence proportion of a first episode of problem gambling was 0.81% (0.41-1.56). Recovery from problem gambling was high, in particular among females. Individual transitions from problem gambling to recovery and to recurrent problem gambling, between baseline and follow-up, were common regardless of age. This study adds further evidence to research suggesting that there is a high mobility in and out of problem gambling over time on an individual level. The high incidence of first episode problem gambling among youth in Sweden stresses the importance of prevention of problem gambling at an early age.
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| 13. |
- Grav, Siv, et al.
(författare)
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Association between social support and depression in the general population : the HUNT study, a cross-sectional survey.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 21:1-2, s. 111-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim was to investigate the associations between perceived social support and depression in a general population in relation to gender and age. Background. Social support is seen as one of the social determinants for overall health in the general population. Studies have found higher probability of experiencing depression among people who have a lack of social support; evidence from the general population has been more limited. Subjective perception that support would be available if needed may reduce and prevent depression and unnecessary suffering. Design. A cross-sectional survey with self-reported health was used. Method. A total of 40,659 men and women aged 20-89 years living in Nord-Trøndelag County of Norway with valid ratings of depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3 were used. Logistic regression was used to quantify associations between two types of perceived support (emotional and tangible) and depression. Gender, age and interaction effects were controlled for in the final model. Results. The main finding was that self-rated perceived support was significantly associated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-defined depression, even after controlling for age and gender; emotional support (OR = 3·14) and tangible support (OR = 2·93). The effects of emotional and tangible support differ between genders. Interaction effects were found for age groups and both emotional and tangible support. Conclusion. Self-rated perceived functional social support is associated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-defined depression. In the group of older people who have a lack of social support, women seem to need more emotional support and men tangible support. Relevance to clinical practice. Health care providers should consider the close association between social support and depression in their continuing care, particularly in the older people.
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| 14. |
- Grav, Siv, et al.
(författare)
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Association of personality, neighbourhood, and civic participation with the level of perceived social support: the HUNT study, a cross-sectional survey
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 41:6, s. 579-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:The aim of the current study was to examine the association of personality,neighbourhood, and civic participation on the level of perceived social support if needed.Methods:The sample consists of a total of 35,797 men (16,035) and women (19,762) drawnfrom the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT3), aged 20-89, with a fully completed shortversion of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) including a complete response toquestions regarding perceived social support. A multinomial logistic regression model wasused to investigate the association between the three-category outcomes (high, medium, andlow) of perceived social support.Results: The Chi-square test detected a significant (p <0.001) association between personality, sense of community, civic participation, self-ratedhealth, living arrangement, age groups, gender, and perceived social support except betweenperceived social support and loss of social network in which no significance was found. Thecrude and adjusted multinomial logistic regression models shows relation between mediumand low scores on perceived social support, personality, and sources of social support.Interactions were observed between gender and self-rated health.Conclusions: There is anassociation between the level of perceived social support and personality, sense ofcommunity in the neighbourhood, and civic participation. Even if the interactionbetween men and self-reported health decreases the odds for low and medium socialsupport, health professionals should be aware of men with poor health and their lack ofsocial support.
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| 15. |
- Grav, Siv, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of recovered and new cases of depressionin relation to social support and temperament in an 11-year follow-up; The HUNT study
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims.This study aimed to describe changes in the prevalence of depression in relation tosocial support and temperament, in an 11-year follow-up study.Background.Lack of social support is a risk factor for depression. Understanding the role oftemperament and social support in relation to development of, and recovery from, depressionmay help nurses to intervene early with high-risk patients in order to prevent depression andpromote health.Design.Longitudinal design was used.Methods.In total, 26,709 men (42.8%) and women (57.2%) aged 20-89 years from Nord-Trøndelag County in Norway participated. Those who had a valid rating on the depressionsubscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) from The Nord-TrøndelagHealth Study (HUNT) wave 2 (1995-97) and wave 3 (2006-08), including a completeresponse to the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and questions regarding socialsupport, were included.Results.The prevalence of new cases of depression was higher than the prevalence ofrecovery from depression. There was a significant association between the sub-groups ofdepression and temperament, changes in health, and social support. The risk factors for newcases had a greater causal influence on depression than risk factors for recovery.Conclusions.Prevention of depression seems to be more effective than treatment. Olderpeople and males are the most frequent new cases. Nurses should emphasize the interpersonalprocess to meet the needs of an individual patient and his or her social network that providessocial support, especially among older people and males.
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| 16. |
- Hellzen, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship among neuroticism, extraversion, and depression in the HUNT Study: in relation to age and gender.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 33:11, s. 777-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and depression in a general population in relation to gender and age. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (2006–2008), a large cross-sectional survey, was used. The sample consists of 35,832 men (16,104) and women (19,728) aged 20–89 years, living in the Nord-Trøndelag County of Norway, with valid ratings on the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). This study demonstrates a relationship between depression and both neuroticism and extraversion in a general population. Older people score low more often on Extraversion (E) than younger people. Interactions were observed between neuroticism and age, gender, and extraversion with depression. The interaction term indicates a high score on Neuroticism (N) enhanced by introversion, older age, and being a male with depression. The findings suggest that health professionals may need to put extra effort into the care of patients with low extraversion and high neuroticism, in order to help those patients avoid depression.Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01612840.2012.713082
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| 17. |
- Kahlin, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Self-related health, physical activity, BMI and musculoskeletal complaints - a comparison between foreign and Swedish high school students
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 21:3, s. 327-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activities during leisure time and school hours as well as nutritional habits have changed over the past years by adolescents being less physically active and adopting a sedentary life-style. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible differences between foreign and Swedish high school students in terms of self-related health, physical activity, overweight, and possible complaints from the musculoskeletal system. METHODS: 1,090 high school students, 450 with foreign background and 640 with Swedish background, aged 16-26 years answered a questionnaire. RESULTS: A higher percentage of students with foreign background reported poor self-related health compared with students with Swedish background (p = .038). Students with a foreign background were to a greater extent less physically active than students of Swedish background (p = .003). No differences were found between the groups regarding musculoskeletal complaints. Students with foreign background were more often overweight than students with Swedish background and overweight was more frequent among males than females. Physical activity (moderate and high level) was concluded to be a factor with significant positive effect on self-related general health (moderate level p = .042, high level (p < .001), and musculoskeletal complaints were negative factors on self-related general health (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that adolescents with foreign background should participate in physical activity to prevent overweight and thereby improve physical health.
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| 18. |
- Lundmark, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Besöka naturen – hemma eller borta? : Delresultat från en nationell enkät om friluftsliv och naturturism i Sverige.
- 2008
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en av fyra rapporter som ger en översiktlig bild av resultaten från en nationell enkätundersökning om friluftsliv och naturturism i Sverige. Studien är genomförd av forskningsprogrammet Friluftsliv i förändring. Resultaten som presenteras här fokuserar bl a på var man besöker naturen. De drygt 60 % som uppgav att de besökt naturområden inom 10 mil från bostaden under de senaste 12 månaderna fick olika följdfrågor utifrån det område som de ansåg som viktigast. Den största andelen av dessa (cirka 45 %) hade besökt naturområden med mest skog och därefter följde i fallande ordning: områden med flera olika naturtyper (12 %), sjö och vattendrag (11 %) samt skärgård (10 %). Hälften av de svarande hade 5 km eller kortare till naturområdet, medan det genomsnittliga avståndet var cirka 17 km. Majoriteten av de svarande har besökt det aktuella naturområdet upp till 3 gånger per månad och ungefär 40 % av de svarande har besökt området en gång i veckan eller oftare, drygt 6 % gör ett besök varje dag. Hälften av de svarande stannade högst 2,5 timmar i naturområdet i genomsnitt. En av fyra svarande angav att ett genomsnittligt besök varade i högst en timme, och cirka 15% angav att besöket varade i ett eller flera dygn. För hälften av de svarande var den totala kostnaden 40 kr eller mindre per besök, medan motsvarande betalningsvilja för att fortsätta besöka naturområdet uppgick till högst 100 kr per besök. Detta kan tolkas som att det finns ett ”mervärde” (ett s.k. konsumentöverskott) av ett besök utöver de kostnader besöket medför. Knappt hälften av de som svarade har tillgång till fritidsboende på något sätt. Det är framför allt fjäll- och kustkommuner som är populära fritidsbostadsdestinationer och många tillbringar en stor del av sin tid i fritidsbostaden. Allemansrätten är av stor betydelse när det gäller svenska folkets möjligheter till friluftsliv och andra utomhusaktiviteter och vi kan konstatera att de svarandes kunskaper om allemansrätten generellt är goda. Omkring 90 % av de svarande prickade rätt i olika påståenden om vad den grundläggande allemansrätten innebär. Vi kan också konstatera att allemansrättens ställning är mycket stark. Så mycket som 94 % av de svarande är helt eller delvis eniga med påståendet att allemansrätten är viktig att försvara och 77 % anser allemansrätten viktig för deras egna utomhusaktiviteter. Det kan jämföras med betydelsen av naturreservat och nationalparker som uppges som viktiga för utomhusaktiviteterna av 43 %. Angående strandskyddet anger en majoritet av de svarande (69 %) att tillgängligheten till strandnära områden/stränder är god men det finns ett visst stöd för att kommunerna ska få större inflytande över strändernas skydd, om än inte hos en majoritet av de svarande.
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| 19. |
- Makenzius, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
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Male students' behaviour, knowledge, attitudes, and needs in sexual and reproductive health matters
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of contraception & reproductive health care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 14:4, s. 268-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate young male students' behaviour, knowledge, attitudes, and needs related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Differences between students on vocational and academic study programmes were also investigated. METHOD: A questionnaire consisting of 87 multiple choice questions was distributed to 253 male students attending three upper secondary schools in a single Swedish county. RESULTS: A response rate of 76% (n = 192) was achieved. Vocational students displayed more risk behaviour than those in academic study programmes regarding use of tobacco and sexual behaviour. Eighteen percent of those who were sexually experienced had suggested or provided the emergency contraception pill (ECP) to a girl. Insufficient knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was identified, especially among the vocational students. No one reported the upper secondary school as their main source of knowledge and both groups requested more information about both genders' reproductive systems, and STIs. Some discriminatory attitudes regarding gender equality in SRH matters were identified. Both groups stated that male-friendly Youth Health Clinics (YHCs), easier access to condoms and Internet-service for Chlamydia test are important. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in the quality and quantity of sex education in upper secondary schools are needed; they should be tailored to the spectrum of students' situations and needs. A structure of the YHC adapted to male youths' needs and alternative, easily accessible STI tests are important factors for reaching young men and having them participate in a responsible way in protecting their own and their partners' SRH.
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| 20. |
- Makenzius, Marlene, et al.
(författare)
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Stigma related to contraceptive use and abortion in Kenya : scale development and validation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reproductive Health. - 1742-4755. ; 16:1, s. 136-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stigma related to abortion and contraceptive use is a serious public health threat for young people, and validated scales to measure this stigma are scarce. The purposes of the study were to validate a newly constructed scale to measure the stigma of contraceptive use and to adapt a scale to measure the stigma of abortion. METHODS: A study nested in a cluster-randomised trial. In 2017, data was collected from 633 secondary school youths, in a semi-urban setting in western Kenya. A qualitative pre-phase (face-validity) were initially utilised to draft and validate a seven-item scale to capture contraceptive use stigma (CUS) and to adapt the Stigmatizing Attitudes, Beliefs and Actions (SABA) scale (18 items), which captures aspects of abortion stigma. Statistical tests used included test-retest reliability analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Factor Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, interclass correlation and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: For the CUS scale, paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant score changed between time points (p = 0.64; 0.67). CUS had similar patterns between time points, with two relevant components: promiscuity and lack of autonomy. Cronbach's alpha indicated acceptable internal consistency between time points (0.71;0.7). The confirmatory factor loadings for each item in the modified three subscales of SABA had a similar pattern to the original SABA scale, in particularly regarding negative stereotyping and, excluding and discriminating factors. The Cronbach's alpha was adequate, although lower for the modified SABA (0.74) as compared to the original SABA (0.9). The SABA scale was renamed into Adolescents Stigmatizing Attitudes, Beliefs and Action (ASABA) scale. CONCLUSIONS: The CUS scale is considered valid and reliable for measuring contraceptive use stigma, and the ASABA scale was rated as reliable for capturing abortion stigma based on negative stereotyping and excluding and discriminating factors. The CUS, up to date the first ever proposed CUS scale, and the ASABA scale can be used to measure effects of stigma reduction interventions with the aim of preventing unintended pregnancies, motherhood and unsafe abortion among adolescents in Kenya and similar low-resource settings.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Romild, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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A gender perspective on gambling clusters in Sweden using longitudinal data
- 2016
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Ingår i: NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1458-6126 .- 1455-0725. ; 33:1, s. 43-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS - This study describes five groups of gamblers and changes in their gambling involvement and gambling problems over four years with a particular focus on whether gambling problems among men and women develop differently within the five groups. DESIGN - The study sample is a subset of participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs). Six different clusters of past-year gambling, based on frequency of participation in the nine most common forms of gambling in Sweden (lotteries, horses, number games, sports games, bingo, poker, slot machines, casino games or TV contests) were identified in Two-Way Cluster Analysis after the first wave of data collection in 2008/09. There were 2,508 individuals identified in EP1 (n=5,012) who then also participated in waves EP2 and EP3 and were selected for the present analysis. METHODS - Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 22.0 using Pearson's Chi-Square test of Independence (or Fisher's Exact test when the requirements or expected frequency were not met for Pearson's Test), Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression. P-values below 0.05 were regarded as significant. RESULTS - Gambling remains gendered in Sweden. Even though the clusters are based on gambling activities, there are differences between men and women within the clusters as regards the gambling participation patterns. CONCLUSIONS - Men and women gamble differently, but they may still be equals in their total experience of gambling and in relation to how their gambling problems develop. All differences need to be taken into consideration when preventive actions or messages are created.
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| 24. |
- Romild, Ulla
(författare)
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A Power Comparison of Different Tests in Inhomogeneous Populations - Test with a Density Adjusted Distance and Previous Suggestions
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When testing for clustering in inhomogeneous populations with distance based methods we can either choose tests where the uneven density is taken into account. Examples of this approach are found in Whittemore et al (1987), Cuzick an Edwards (1990) and Diggle and Chetwynd (1991). An alternative approach is to define a new distance such that the uneven density is compensated for when the distances are computed, and once this is done, more traditional distance-based spatial methods can be used to formulate an appropriate test. This is the method chosen for this study, in which the performance of tests applied with a Density Adjusted Distance (DAD) are compared to the performance of tests according to Whittemore, Cuzick & Edwards and Diggle & Chetwynd by simulation. The tests are compared in different types of data sets and for various kinds of clustering. It is shown that no test is the optimal choice for all alternative hypotheses, and that the tests are unequally sensitive to the structure of the underlying data. Testing with DAD is often a good alternative, and this distance measure has also got potential for further use in analysis of spatial data.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Romild, Ulla, 1959-
(författare)
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Essays on Distance Based (Non-Euclidean) Tests for Spatial Clustering in Inhomogeneous Populations : Adjusting for the Inhomogeneity through the Distance Used
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consits of four papers dealing with distance based (non-Euclidean) tests for spatial clustering in inhomogeneous populations. The density adjusted distance (DAD), which considers the underlying density, is defined in the first paper. The proposed distance can be used together with any of the old distance based methods developed for traditional homogeneous spatial patterns. The test statistics in distance based tests can all be seen as a weighted sum of distance measures for distances between n cases with known co-ordinates. DAD based test statistics are developed and their performance is compared with the performance of previously suggested tests by simulation in the second paper. The tests are compared in different types of data set and for various kinds of clustering. It is shown that no test is the optimal choice for all alternative hypotheses and that the tests are unequally sensitive to the structure of the underlying data. Tests based on the DAD are often a good alternative. Test statistics and graphical tools for the Empirical Distribution Function of DAD are developed and examined in the third paper. We show that the result of an EDF test combined with EDF plots provides more information about the possible nature of clustering in a sample than the result of a parametric test only.
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| 27. |
- Romild, Ulla
(författare)
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Orsaker till att människor är mer eller mindre benägna att besöka attraktioner på en destination
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- detta Working paper presenteras en statistikmodell som beskriver besöksmål, besökarna och deras attityder i turistområdet Höga Kusten i Kramfors kommun. Statistiken bygger på ett insamlat material som gjordes sommaren 1998. Totalt 1147 besökare intervjuades vid sex olika besöksmål på Höga Kusten. Hälften av personerna var dagbesökare. Främste anledningen till att besöka området var att se Höga Kusten-bron. Ett avsnitt behandlar också att information från vänner och bekanta som den viktigaste viktigaste orsaken till att besöka ett semestermål.
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| 28. |
- Romild, Ulla
(författare)
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Testing for Clustering with Density Adjusted Distances in Inhomogeneous Populations with applications in Tourism
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes different statistical methods that, from a theoretical point of view, can be used to compare groups of visitors on a certain destination taken in to account the visitors place of home. A new way of assessing space between individuals is introduced in which socio demographic issues and different geographical obstacles are allowed to influence the spatial structure. If, for example, two individuals are closest neighbours the distance between them is set to zero no matter how far apart they live. One of the merits of this type of methods is that they can be used to evaluate whether certain groups of visitors are over (or under) represented on certain destinations.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Romild, Ulla
(författare)
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Turistens val : två studier av besökare och informationskanaler i Kramfors/Höga Kusten 1998/1999
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Turister ställs inför många val. Vilket resmål ska man åka till? Vilka aktiviteter ska man välja på en turistdestination? Hur ska man bo? Hur länge ska man stanna? Hur man gör sina val styrs av många olika anledningar; information, resesällskap och kostnader. Under två somrar har ETOUR genomfört marknadsundersökningar bland cirka 2 350 besökare i Kramfors/Höga Kusten. Resultaten från dessa finns nu i en uppdaterad populärvetenskaplig skrift med titeln Turistens val. I den första undersökningen var syftet att karlägga motiven för besöket med fokus på aktivitetsgrad och informationens betydelse. Ett tydligt resultat från denna del var att information om Höga Kusten hade kommit från vänner och bekanta. Den andra delen av undersökningen inriktade sig på att fånga Höga Kustens profil och vilken bild besökarna hade av turistdestinationen Höga Kusten. Många förknippade som väntat Höga Kusten med den speciella naturkaraktären; bergen och vattnet. Däremot nämnde överraskande få de många kända kulturella miljöerna. Gästvänlighet och service fick högt betyg av besökarna. Undersökningen visade också klart att många av besökarna saknade olika semesterpaket i området, som skulle underlätta att hitta de kulturella upplevelserna.
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| 31. |
- Skotnes, Liv H., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary incontinence in Norwegian nursing home residents
- 2012
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 2:2, s. 116-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary incontinence is a multi-factorial condition that has a high impact on older persons living in nursing homes. While urinary incontinence is common, only a small percentage of nursing home residents have an official diagnosis. Factors influencing urinary incontinence in this population are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Norwegian nursing home residents and to study the factors associated with urinary incontinence in this population. Residents from six different nursing homes were included in this study. Data on sex, age, medication, comorbid illnesses, urinary incontinence and the use of absorbent pads was collected. Barthel`s Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was used to estimate residents’ functional levels. Post-voiding residual urine was measured by means of a portable ultrasound. A questionnaire was completed by the nursing staff for each of the residents. In total, 173 residents participated in the study. One hundred and twenty-two residents (69%) were incontinent for urine and 144 used absorbent pads (83%). Fourteen percent of residents used absorbent pads ‘just to make sure’. They did not have a history of urinary incontinence. Low ADL score, dementia and urinary tract infection were significantly associated with incontinence for urine. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Norwegian nursing homes is high. Absorbent products are frequently used without a history of urinary incontinence. Physical impairment, dementia and urinary tract infections are significantly associated with urinary incontinence.
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| 32. |
- Svensson, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
-
Concerned significant others of people with gambling problems in a national representative sample in Sweden : a follow-up study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Research on the impact of problem gambling in close social networks is scarce as most studies only include help-seeking populations. To date only one study has examined concerned significant others (CSOs) from an epidemiological perspective; however, it did not include a gender perspective. The aim of this study is to examine the health, social support, and financial situations of CSOs in a Swedish representative sample and to look at gender differences.Methods: A population study was conducted in Sweden in 2008/09 (n = 15,000,response rate 63%). Respondents were defined as CSOs if they reported that they had someone close who had or previously had problems with gambling. The group of CSOs was further examined in a 1-year follow up (weighted response rate 74% from the 8,165 respondents in the original sample). Comparisons were also made between those defined asCSOs only at baseline (47.7%, n = 554) and those defined as CSOs at both time points. Results: In total, 18.2% of the population were considered CSOs, with no difference between women and men. Male and female CSOs experienced, to a large extent, similar problems including poor mental health, risky alcohol consumption, economic hardship, and arguments with people close to them. Female CSOs reported less social support than other women and male CSOs had more legal problems and were more afraid of losing their jobs than other men. One year on, several problems remained even if some improvements were found. Both male and female CSOs reported more negative life events in the 1 year follow-up.Conclusion: Although we do not know the relationship between the CSOs and the individuals withgambling problems or the causal relationships between being a CSO and the range of problems that are associated with being a CSO, the results indicate that gambling problems does not only affect the gambling individual and the close family but the larger social network. A large proportion of the population can be defined as a CSO, and half of them are men. While male and female CSOs share many common problems, there are also gender differences to consider in prevention and treatment.
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| 33. |
- Svensson, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
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Gendered gambling domains and changes in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 11:2, s. 193-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study examines two Swedish replication prevalence studies (n = 10,000 and n = 15,000) with the aim of exploring evidence for a feminization of gambling in Sweden between 1997/1998 and 2008/2009. Gambling domains were classified based on the games' basic orientation towards strategy and chance, as well as on each game's setting in either a public place or a home environment. The criterion for a domain was that the respondent had gambled at least twice a month in any mode of gambling within the domain. Logistic regression analysis showed no signs of a feminization. Instead, the gender order in gambling seems to be reinforced. Preferences for the different types of domains were still highlygendered, despite the fact that men in 2008/2009 tended to gamble more on games of chance, especially in public places. The implications of the findings in relation to gender equality and constraints on women's leisure activities are further discussed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
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| 34. |
- Svensson, Jessika, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Internet gambling in Sweden. : Results from the Swedish longitudinal gambling study
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 11:3, s. 357-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, Internet gamblingwas studied with data fromthe first twowaves of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study. Self-reported gambling problems, alcohol consumption,smoking,mental health, social support, gender and other socio-demographic factors were evaluated with respect to the prevalence of Internet gambling in 2008 and 2009 and the incidence in 2009. Multivariate logistic regression was used. In 2009 most Internet gamblers (72%)weremen.However,women seemto have becomemore involved in Internet gambling. In 2009, 62.5% of new Internet gamblers since 2008 were men. Mental health, alcohol, smoking and social support were not predictive factors for incident Internet gambling. Self-reported gambling on regulated Internet sites showed higher prevalence rates of problem gamblers than gambling on land-based forms in 2008, but not in 2009. At both time-points, unregulated sites had the highest rates of problemgambling. The findings suggest that a gender perspective on Internet gambling is needed as well as carefully designed policies and research related to the regulation of Internet gambling.
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| 35. |
- Svensson, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
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Problem Gambling Features and Gendered Gambling Domains Amongst Regular Gamblers in a Swedish Population-Based Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sex Roles. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-0025 .- 1573-2762. ; 70:5-6, s. 240-254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate, from a gender perspective, how different features of problem gambling present in men and women who gamble regularly in Sweden were distributed in four domains based on gambling type (chance or strategy) and setting (public or domestic). Problem gambling features were based on the nine items in the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). It was hypothesized that men and women gamble in different domains. Further, it was hypothesized that male gamblers overall experienced more problems with gambling than female gamblers, although in the same domains they would report the same level of problems. A further hypothesis predicted that regular female gamblers would experience more health and social problems and men would experience more financial difficulties. Interviews with a subsample of gamblers (n = 3191) from a Swedish nationally representative sample (n = 8179) was used to examine how features of problem gambling correspond with gender and the domains. Only the first hypothesis was fully supported. Men were more likely to participate in forms of gambling requiring strategy in a public setting, and women were more likely to participate in chance-based gambling in a domestic setting. Male and female gamblers had similar levels of problem gambling in the bi-variate analysis, but if controlling for age and gambling in multiple domains, women were more at risk than men. Additionally, men and women presented similar health and economic situations. The differences between male and female gamblers in Sweden have implications for research and prevention.
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| 36. |
- Svensson, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
-
Regular male and female gamblers in a population based study : analyzing PGSI-items in gendered gambling domains
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A subsample of regular gamblers (n=3191) from a nationally representative sample was used to examine how features of problem gambling correspond with gender and four gambling domains based on chance, strategy, public and domestic. The study confirms that men more often participate in games of strategy and gamble in public places. However, regular male and female gamblers had similar levels of problem gambling (women 7.9%, men 7.5%) and were similar in the endorsement of problem gambling items within respective domains. Still, men were more likely to try to win back their money while women were more likely to bet morethan they had afforded. Women who gambled games of strategy in public places didexperience financial problems but did not report health problems or gambling problem which could be an indication that some gambling may be perceived as emancipatory by female gamblers in the domain. Regular female and male gamblers are heterogeneous groups which has implications for both research and prevention. The study suggests games such as gambling machines and bingo, are important arenas for prevention.
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| 37. |
- Svensson, Jessika, et al.
(författare)
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The concerned significant others of people with gambling problems in a national representative sample in Sweden - a 1 year follow-up study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 13, s. Art. no. 1087-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Research into the impact of problem gambling on close social networks is scarce with the majority of studies only including help-seeking populations. To date only one study has examined concerned significant others (CSOs) from an epidemiological perspective and it did not consider gender. The aim of this study is to examine the health, social support, and financial situations of CSOs in a Swedish representative sample and to examine gender differences. Methods: A population study was conducted in Sweden in 2008/09 (n = 15,000, response rate 63%). Respondents were defined as CSOs if they reported that someone close to them currently or previously had problems with gambling. The group of CSOs was further examined in a 1-year follow up (weighted response rate 74% from the 8,165 respondents in the original sample). Comparisons were also made between those defined as CSOs only at baseline (47.7%, n = 554) and those defined as CSOs at both time points. Results: In total, 18.2% of the population were considered CSOs, with no difference between women and men. Male and female CSOs experienced, to a large extent, similar problems including poor mental health, risky alcohol consumption, economic hardship, and arguments with those closest to them. Female CSOs reported less social support than other women and male CSOs had more legal problems and were more afraid of losing their jobs than other men. One year on, several problems remained even if some improvements were found. Both male and female CSOs reported more negative life events in the 1 year follow-up. Conclusions: Although some relationships are unknown, including between the CSOs and the individuals with gambling problems and the causal relationships between being a CSO and the range of associated problems, the results of this study indicate that gambling problems not only affect the gambling individual and their immediate close family but also the wider social network. A large proportion of the population can be defined as a CSO, half of whom are men. While male and female CSOs share many common problems, there are gender differences which need to be considered in prevention and treatment.
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| 38. |
- Vinberg, Stig, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces: Effects on co-workers’ and leaders’ health and psychosocial working conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 52:4, s. 891-900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leaders and co-workers in Swedish public sector organizations are exposed to demanding psychosocial working conditions; more knowledge about workplace-based interventions in this sector of working life is needed. OBJECTIVE: To compare co-workers’ and leaders’ self-ratings of health and psychosocial working conditions, and investigate how prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces affects these ratings. METHOD: The longitudinal panel data consisted of 311 individuals (20 leaders, 291 co-workers) at 19 workplaces. Based on questionnaire data, statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U-Test, pair-wise Spearman correlations, a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA and Friedman’s test. RESULTS: Results indicate differences in how the leaders and the co-workers judge their health and psychosocial working conditions. Leaders report work content that is more varied and interesting as well as more possibilities for personal development through work, yet they also report more tiredness, concern over managing their work situation and time pressure at work. Comparisons of mean values for used indicators show some improvements after one year, but also several non-significant or negative time trends two years after the interventions were initiated. CONCLUSION: The study provides some support for experienced differences between co-workers’ and leaders’ health and psychosocial working conditions in public sector workplaces, indicating the importance of different workplace-oriented prevention and rehabilitation interventions for these two categories of employees.
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