| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted resequencing of candidate genes using Selector Probes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 39:2, s. e8-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted genome enrichment is a powerful tool for making use of the massive throughput of novel DNA-sequencing instruments. We herein present a simple and scalable protocol for multiplex amplification of target regions based on the Selector technique. The updated version exhibits improved coverage and compatibility with next-generation-sequencing (NGS) library-construction procedures for shotgun sequencing with NGS platforms. To demonstrate the performance of the technique, all 501 exons from 28 genes frequently involved in cancer were enriched for and sequenced in specimens derived from cell lines and tumor biopsies. DNA from both fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsies were analyzed and 94 specificity and 98 coverage of the targeted region was achieved. Reproducibility between replicates was high (R 2=0, 98) and readily enabled detection of copy-number variations. The procedure can be carried out in <24 h and does not require any dedicated instrumentation.
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| 5. |
- Roos, G., et al.
(författare)
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Measuring your company's intellectual performance
- 1997
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Ingår i: Long range planning. - 0024-6301 .- 1873-1872. ; 30:3, s. 413-426+325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is individuals who own and control the knowledge of organizational members, the chief source of competitive advantage. Intangible assets often tell one more about the future earnings of the company than today's conventional measures. Until 1980, competitive advantage was based on understanding the competitive environment. Then came the "resource-based" perspective. It became apparent that knowledge was a, if not the, key to sustainable competitive advantage. This touched on invisible assets and core competencies. Strategic management has now in fact shifted from looking externally to the realization that "internal" resources are the tools which need to be exploited. Kaplan and Norton introduced the "Balanced Scorecard" techniques which Skandia used as the foundation for its measurement of intellectual capital. The issues that are involved include treating intellectual capital as the sum of the company's hidden assets which are the most important source of competitive advantage and visualizing intellectual capital systematically. The findings of a research study showed a welcome for the explicit recognition of what intellectual capital was all about as well as a categorization of intellectual capital as human, customer relationship, business processes, organizational and intellectual. Models were developed which resulted in a number of conclusions. Maturity, clear goals and explicit commitment are essential. The intellectual capital (IC) system should focus on long-term earning capability and must be based in corporate culture. A set of indicators needs to be provided for each IC category. The balance sheet approach to IC does not provide information on the move from one category to another ; it is only a snapshot. There appear to be three methods of deriving indicators. One is to develop those which are firmly based on the driving forces behind the vision. Second, they need to be grounded in the selected intellectual capital categories and third, they need to reflect the intercapital flows. There are many difficulties in dealing with indicators, such as selecting the right ones, prioritizing them and making sure they are precise. An IC model needs to be able to be applied to small and large firms, parts as well as the whole. To be viable, an IC system has to be aligned with existing managerial processes. The conclusions from this research need to be tested with a larger sample. This will allow the development of a dimension-free process model for managing intellectual performance and arriving at an index such as Return on Intellectual Capital (ROIC). © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in multiple lifestyle factors in subjects with the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 15:3, s. 118-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many lifestyle factors have been associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, most of these studies have not considered the potential impact of obesity and have often only investigated one lifestyle factor at the time. We aimed to investigate the interplay between body mass index (BMI) and MetS with respect to multiple lifestyle factors.METHODS: BMI and MetS [National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria] were assessed in a sample of 18,880 subjects aged 45-75 years from the population-based EpiHealth study. Participants were categorized into six groups according to BMI category (normal weight/BMI <25 kg/m(2), overweight/BMI 25-30 kg/m(2), and obesity/BMI >30 kg/m(2)) and MetS status (+/-, NCEP criteria). A wide range of lifestyle factors related to physical activity, smoking, alcohol, sleep quality, working conditions, quality of life and stress, and eating patterns were assessed using a questionnaire.RESULTS: Prevalent MetS (23% in the sample) was associated with less physical activity (P < 0.0001), more TV watching (P < 0.0001), more years of smoking (P < 0.0001), lower education level (P = 0.007), and experiencing a poor general quality of life (P < 0.0001). These lifestyle factors were all associated with MetS, independently of each other and independently of BMI. Similar results were generated when number of MetS components and presence/absence of individual MetS components were used as outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study identified alterations in a number of lifestyle factors associated with MetS independently of each other and independently of BMI. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess causal and temporal relationships between lifestyle factors and MetS development.
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| 12. |
- Roos, Vendela, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Syndrome Development during Aging with Special Reference to Obesity Without the Metabolic Syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-4196 .- 1557-8518. ; 15:1, s. 36-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obesity and its associated metabolic complications continue to increase worldwide. We investigated the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during aging in relation to body mass index (BMI) and exercise habits. We assigned special emphasis to the metabolic stability in individuals with obesity, but without MetS, a condition often referred to as metabolically healthy obesity. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in a sample of 19,129 men and women aged 45-75 years from the EpiHealth study. In addition, longitudinal analyses were carried out in the ULSAM study (2322 men at baseline followed from age 50 to age 77) and in the PIVUS study (1016 men and women at baseline followed from age 70 to age 80). Participants were categorized into six groups according to BMI category (normal weight/BMI <25 kg/m2, overweight/BMI 25-30 kg/m2, and obesity/BMI >30 kg/m2) and MetS status (+/-, National Cholesterol Education Program criteria). Results: MetS prevalence and number of MetS components increased with age in all three samples. The PIVUS study showed that high baseline BMI, low baseline physical activity, and increasing BMI during follow-up were related to increasing MetS prevalence and increasing numbers of MetS components during follow-up. One-third to half of individuals initially belonging to the obesity without MetS category acquired MetS during aging. Conclusions: MetS prevalence increased during aging, especially in individuals with high BMI, low level of physical activity, and weight gain. Obesity without MetS was not a stable condition over time as many of those individuals gained metabolic disturbances during aging.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 875-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:4, s. 1193-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems' precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%.
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| 18. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the performance of the ATLAS detector using cosmic-ray muons
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the ATLAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
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| 19. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 787-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 mu m and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks.
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| 20. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 823-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Brogren, M, et al.
(författare)
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Optical properties, durability, and system aspects of a new aluminium-polymer-laminated steel reflector for solar concentrators
- 2004
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 82:3, s. 387-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A newly developed aluminium-polymer-laminated steel reflector for use in solar concentrators was evaluated with respect to its optical properties, durability, and reflector performance in solar thermal and photovoltaic systems. The optical properties of the reflector material were investigated using spectrophotometer and scatterometry. The durability of the reflector was tested in a climatic test chamber as well as outdoors in Alvkarleby (60.5degreesN, 17.4degreesE), Sweden. Before ageing, the solar weighted total and specular reflectance values were 82% and 77%, respectively, and the reflector scattered light isotropically. After I year's outdoor exposure, the total and specular solar reflectance had decreased by less than 11%. However, after 2000 h in damp heat and 1000 W/m(2) simulated solar radiation, the optical properties had changed significantly: The light scattering was anisotropic and the total and specular solar reflectance values had decreased to 75% and 42%, respectively. The decrease was found to be due to degradation of the protective polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer, caused by UV radiation and high temperature. The conclusions are that the degradation is climate dependent and that PET is not suitable as a protective coating under extreme conditions, such as those in the climatic test chamber. However, the results from outdoor testing indicate that the material withstands exposure in a normal Swedish climate.
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| 25. |
- Brohede, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional implant coatings providing possibilities for fast antibiotics loading with subsequent slow release
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 20:9, s. 1859-1867
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility to fast-load biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings on surgical implant with the antibiotics Amoxicillin, Gentamicin sulfate, Tobramycin and Cephalothin has been investigated in order to develop a multifunctional implant device offering sustained local anti-bacterial treatment and giving the surgeon the possibility to choose which antibiotics to incorporate in the implant at the site of surgery. Physical vapor deposition was used to coat titanium surfaces with an adhesion enhancing gradient layer of titanium oxide having an amorphous oxygen poor composition at the interface and a crystalline bioactive anatase TiO2 composition at the surface. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was biomimetically grown on the bioactive TiO2 to serve as a combined bone in-growth promoter and drug delivery vehicle. The coating was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The antibiotics were loaded into the HA coatings via soaking and the subsequent release and antibacterial effect were analyzed using UV spectroscopy and examination of inhibition zones in a Staphylococcus aureus containing agar. It was found that a short drug loading time of 15 min ensured antibacterial effects after 24 h for all antibiotics under study. It was further found that the release processes of Cephalothin and Amoxicillin consisted of an initial rapid drug release that varied unpredictably in amount followed by a reproducible and sustained release process with a release rate independent of the drug loading times under study. Thus, implants that have been fast-loaded with drugs could be stored for ~10 min in a simulated body fluid after loading to ensure reproducibility in the subsequent release process. Calculated release rates and measurements of drug amounts remaining in the samples after 22 h of release indicated that a therapeutically relevant dose could be achieved close to the implant surface for about 2 days. Concluding, the present study provides an outline for the development of a fast-loading slow-release surgical implant kit where the implant and the drug are separated when delivered to the surgeon, thus constituting a flexible solution for the surgeon by offering the choice of quick addition of antibiotics to the implant coating based on the patient need.
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| 26. |
- Brändström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to adopting circular business models: A cross‐sectoral analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Firm-level adoption of circular business models is a crucial part of the transition toward circular economy, but companies that delve into such pursuits often encounter a series of barriers that hamper their success. Although multiple studies on barriers to circular economy have been made, there is a lack of understanding of how barriers are formed under firm-specific characteristics such as sectoral conditions and the type of circular business model adopted. To bridge this gap, we illustrate a barrier framework in a multiple-case study including nine Swedish firms. We derived about 28 barriers within five categories of circularity approaches (design, waste, service, platform, and nature) across three sectors (furniture, electronics, and garment). This research contributes to the circular economy literature by revealing how adhering to certain sectors and circular business approaches significantly changes the way barriers are perceived by firms. The outcomes may support both practitioners and policymakers as they facilitate circular economy transitions.
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| 27. |
- Bürgi, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting Strategy at ChemTech
- 2004
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Ingår i: Exploring Corporate Strategy. - : Pearson.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Bürgi, P., et al.
(författare)
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Images of strategy
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Management Journal. - 0263-2373 .- 1873-5681. ; 21:1, s. 69-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Images underlying strategy tend to be simplistic, unimodal, visual abstractions. We suggest that multimodal imagery of strategy, which brings together verbal/narrative, visual/imagistic, and kinaesthetic/haptic nodes, can significantly enrich people's understanding of their organization and its strategy. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Bürgi, P. T., et al.
(författare)
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From metaphor to practice in the crafting of strategy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of management inquiry. - : SAGE Publications. - 1056-4926 .- 1552-6542. ; 14:1, s. 78-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores how the link between the hand and the mind might be exploited in the making of strategy. Using Mintzberg's image of a potter undergoing iterative and recursive learning and knowledge-building processes as a point of departure, the authors develop a three-level theoretical schema, progressing from the physiological to the psychological to the social to trace the consequences of the hand-mind link. To illustrate their theoretical schema, the authors present an illustration case of managers from a large telecommunications firm experimenting with a process for strategy making in which they actively use their hands to construct representations of their organization and its environment. The authors conclude that new and potent forms of strategy making might be attained if the fundamental human experience of using one's hands is put in the service of all kinds of organizational learning. © 2005 Sage Publications.
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| 30. |
- Böhnke, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Surfaces with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance on structured silicon for spacecraft thermal control
- 2008
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Ingår i: Optical materials (Amsterdam). - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-3467 .- 1873-1252. ; 30:9, s. 1410-1421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presented here is an examination of unstructured and structured (by anisotropic etching), monocrystalline silicon wafers coated with sputter deposited aluminum and chemical vapor deposited silicon dioxide for high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance, respectively. The topography of the samples was characterized with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Optical properties were examined with reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy, partly by usage of an integrating sphere. The measurement results were used to estimate the equilibrium temperature of the surfaces in space. The suitability of the surfaces with high solar reflectance and high thermal emittance to aid in the thermal control of miniaturized, highly integrated components for space applications is discussed. A silicon dioxide layer on a metal layer results in a slightly lower reflectance when compared to surfaces with only a metal layer, but might be beneficial for miniaturized space components and modules that have to dissipate internally generated heat into open space. Additionally, it is an advantage to microstructure the emitting surface for enhanced radiation of excess heat.
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| 31. |
- Carlson, Raul, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing common primary data for environmental overview of product life cycles. Users, perspectives, methods, data and information systems
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes how information about the environmental performance of products over their life cycles can be accessed anywhere and by any stakeholder throughout the product life cycle. Particular consideration has been given to different ways of performing a life cycle assessment (LCA). The report covers different users of environmental product information, the various methods and tools used to produce and disseminate that information, and the primary data needed for those methods and tools. The report also outlines an information system organisation for potential use as a cooperative approach to supporting stakeholders of product life cycles with environmental information. Chapter 2 contains a comprehensive (albeit not exhaustive) list of perspectives from which a stakeholder may environmentally view and assess products. A number of examples are given to describe reasons people have in practice for applying each perspective. The intention is to ensure that users find the methods and tools in chapter 3 to be truly relevant. Chapter 3 lists and presents methods and tools for assessing environmental performance, for acquiring information about environmental impacts, and for providing information on environmental properties of products. Particular emphasis is placed on the different types of LCA that have been identified, how they differ, how to use them, and their differing data requirements. Chapter 4 lists and presents the data and information that are used or produced by the methods and tools described in Chapter 3. This chapter includes discussion of data availability, data quality issues and data formatting. Chapter 5 proposes an information system organisation and design taking into account all perspectives and practical needs as described in Chapter 2, as well as all information and data issues described in Chapter 4. Particular attention is paid to the need for compatibility with existing systems, the technical and economic feasibility of building small systems instead of large ones, and the necessity of a short payback time for all investments, particularly those in the private sector. In chapter 6 the authors present outline recommendations for further work.
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| 32. |
- de Graaf, Albert A, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional systems biology modeling: from molecular mechanisms to physiology.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS computational biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7358 .- 1553-734X. ; 5:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of computational modeling and simulation has increased in many biological fields, but despite their potential these techniques are only marginally applied in nutritional sciences. Nevertheless, recent applications of modeling have been instrumental in answering important nutritional questions from the cellular up to the physiological levels. Capturing the complexity of today's important nutritional research questions poses a challenge for modeling to become truly integrative in the consideration and interpretation of experimental data at widely differing scales of space and time. In this review, we discuss a selection of available modeling approaches and applications relevant for nutrition. We then put these models into perspective by categorizing them according to their space and time domain. Through this categorization process, we identified a dearth of models that consider processes occurring between the microscopic and macroscopic scale. We propose a "middle-out" strategy to develop the required full-scale, multilevel computational models. Exhaustive and accurate phenotyping, the use of the virtual patient concept, and the development of biomarkers from "-omics" signatures are identified as key elements of a successful systems biology modeling approach in nutrition research--one that integrates physiological mechanisms and data at multiple space and time scales.
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| 33. |
- De Greef, Julien, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for Nocardia infection among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients : A case-control study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Infection. - : Elsevier. - 0163-4453 .- 1532-2742. ; 88:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesNocardiosis is a rare but life-threatening infection after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We aimed at identifying risk factors for nocardiosis after allogeneic HCT and clarifying the effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on its occurrence.MethodsWe performed a retrospective multicenter case-control study of patients diagnosed with nocardiosis after allogeneic HCT between January 2000 and December 2018. For each case, two controls were matched by center, transplant date, and age group. Multivariable analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression to identify potential risk factors for nocardiosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of cases and controls were compared using log-rank tests.ResultsSixty-four cases and 128 controls were included. Nocardiosis occurred at a median of 9 months after allogeneic HCT (interquartile range: 5–18). After adjustment for potential confounders in a multivariable model, Nocardia infection was associated with tacrolimus use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.9, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 1.6–62.7), lymphocyte count < 500/µL (aOR 8.9, 95 % CI: 2.3–34.7), male sex (aOR 8.1, 95 % CI: 2.1–31.5), recent use of systemic corticosteroids (aOR 7.9, 95 % CI: 2.2–28.2), and recent CMV infection (aOR 4.3, 95 % CI: 1.2–15.9). Conversely, use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis was associated with a significantly decreased risk of nocardiosis (aOR 0.2, 95 % CI: 0.1–0.8). HCT recipients who developed nocardiosis had a significantly decreased survival, as compared with controls (12-month survival: 58 % and 90 %, respectively; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe identified six factors independently associated with the occurrence of nocardiosis among allogeneic HCT recipients. In particular, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis was found to protect against nocardiosis.
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| 34. |
- De Roos, Andre M., et al.
(författare)
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Ontogenetic symmetry and asymmetry in energetics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-6812 .- 1432-1416. ; 66:4-5, s. 889-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body size ( biomass) is the dominant determinant of population dynamical processes such as giving birth or dying in almost all species, with often drastically different behaviour occurring in different parts of the growth trajectory, while the latter is largely determined by food availability at the different life stages. This leads to the question under what conditions unstructured population models, formulated in terms of total population biomass, still do a fair job. To contribute to answering this question we first analyze the conditions under which a size-structured model collapses to a dynamically equivalent unstructured one in terms of total biomass. The only biologically meaningful case where this occurs is when body size does not affect any of the population dynamic processes, this is the case if and only if the mass-specific ingestion rate, the mass-specific biomass production and the mortality rate of the individuals are independent of size, a condition to which we refer as "ontogenetic symmetry". Intriguingly, under ontogenetic symmetry the equilibrium biomass-body size spectrum is proportional to 1/size, a form that has been conjectured for marine size spectra and subsequently has been used as prior assumption in theoretical papers dealing with the latter. As a next step we consider an archetypical class of models in which reproduction takes over from growth upon reaching an adult body size, in order to determine how quickly discrepancies from ontogenetic symmetry lead to relevant novel population dynamical phenomena. The phenomena considered are biomass overcompensation, when additional imposed mortality leads, rather unexpectedly, to an increase in the equilibrium biomass of either the juveniles or the adults (a phenomenon with potentially big consequences for predators of the species), and the occurrence of two types of size-structure driven oscillations, juvenile-driven cycles with separated extended cohorts, and adult-driven cycles in which periodically a front of relatively steeply decreasing frequencies moves up the size distribution. A small discrepancy from symmetry can already lead to biomass overcompensation; size-structure driven cycles only occur for somewhat larger discrepancies.
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| 35. |
- De Rosa, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of oligopeptides targeting E. coli type I signal peptidase (LepB)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 25:3, s. 897-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type I signal peptidases are potential targets for the development of new antibacterial agents. Here we report finding potent inhibitors of E. coli type I signal peptidase (LepB), by optimizing a previously reported hit compound, decanoyl-PTANA-CHO, through modifications at the N- and C-termini. Good improvements of inhibitory potency were obtained, with IC50s in the low nanomolar range. The best inhibitors also showed good antimicrobial activity, with MICs in the low μg/mL range for several bacterial species. The selection of resistant mutants provided strong support for LepB as the target of these compounds. The cytotoxicity and hemolytic profiles of these compounds are not optimal but the finding that minor structural changes cause the large effects on these properties suggests that there is potential for optimization in future studies.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Dicksved, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus reuteri Maintains a Functional Mucosal Barrier during DSS Treatment Despite Mucus Layer Dysfunction
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri has been shown to prevent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. This is partly due to reduced P-selectin-dependent leukocyte-and platelet-endothelial cell interactions, however, the mechanism behind this protective effect is still unknown. In the present study a combination of culture dependent and molecular based T-RFLP profiling was used to investigate the influence of L. reuteri on the colonic mucosal barrier of DSS treated rats. It was first demonstrated that the two colonic mucus layers of control animals had different bacterial community composition and that fewer bacteria resided in the firmly adherent layer. During DSS induced colitis, the number of bacteria in the inner firmly adherent mucus layer increased and bacterial composition of the two layers no longer differed. In addition, induction of colitis dramatically altered the microbial composition in both firmly and loosely adherent mucus layers. Despite protecting against colitis, treatment with L. reuteri did not improve the integrity of the mucus layer or prevent distortion of the mucus microbiota caused by DSS. However, L. reuteri decreased the bacterial translocation from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes during DSS treatment, which might be an important part of the mechanisms by which L. reuteri ameliorates DSS induced colitis.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Consumers’ perceived food supply chain resilience in urban and rural areas during crisis - Evidence from grocery hoarding during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR 2023), Montreal, 17-21 July. - : World Conference on Transport Research Society.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food security is of great importance in the event of a crisis, such as a pandemic, war or natural disaster. However, conditions differ between urban and rural areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hoarding behavior and attitudes differ between different types of residential areas and to analyze how it affects food supply chains. The sample (N = 4658) consists of residents of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden, representative in terms of age, sex and areas of residence. The analysis shows that hoarding is primarily an inner-city phenomenon and that residents of more rural and suburban areas hoard to a lesser extent. Residents of city centres were also more concerned about running out of food and supplies and felt that hoarding was more necessary. Except in Sweden, however, there were no significant differences (p<.05) in experiences of depletion of edibles between different residential areas. In addition, there were no significant differences (p<.05) related to concerns related to COVID-19, which is an alternative explanation for hoarding behavior during the pandemic. Conclusions are also drawn on how the government's and authorities' approach to dealing with COVID-19 affects hoarding, and in particular the more relaxed Swedish approach, the value of food chain resilience in times of crisis and the need to change the culture of the food chain to make it more flexible and responsive to hoarding behaviour. In summary, urban consumers are more concerned and worried, although there are no differences between experiences of running out of groceries between different residential areas. A strength of the current study is the agreement between the four countries.
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| 41. |
- Fogelqvist, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of the hybrid genomes of two field isolates of the soil-borne fungal species Verticillium longisporum
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Brassica plant species are attacked by a number of pathogens; among them, the ones with a soilborne lifestyle have become increasingly important. Verticillium stem stripe caused by Verticillium longisporum is one example. This fungal species is thought to be of a hybrid origin, having a genome composed of combinations of lineages denominated A and D. In this study we report the draft genomes of 2 V. longisporum field isolates sequenced using the Illumina technology. Genomic characterization and lineage composition, followed by selected gene analysis to facilitate the comprehension of its genomic features and potential effector categories were performed.Results: The draft genomes of 2 Verticillium longisporum single spore isolates (VL1 and VL2) have an estimated ungapped size of about 70 Mb. The total number of protein encoding genes identified in VL1 was 20,793, whereas 21,072 gene models were predicted in VL2. The predicted genome size, gene contents, including the gene families coding for carbohydrate active enzymes were almost double the numbers found in V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were frequently distributed in the two genomes but the distribution of heterozygosity and depth was not independent. Further analysis of potential parental lineages suggests that the V. longisporum genome is composed of two parts, A1 and D1, where A1 is more ancient than the parental lineage genome D1, the latter being more closer related to V. dahliae. Presence of the mating-type genes MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in the V. longisporum genomes were confirmed. However, the MAT genes in V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. longisporum have experienced extensive nucleotide changes at least partly explaining the present asexual nature of these fungal species.Conclusions: The established draft genome of V. longisporum is comparatively large compared to other studied ascomycete fungi. Consequently, high numbers of genes were predicted in the two V. longisporum genomes, among them many secreted proteins and carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) encoding genes. The genome is composed of two parts, where one lineage is more ancient than the part being more closely related to V. dahliae. Dissimilar mating-type sequences were identified indicating possible ancient hybridization events.
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| 42. |
- Fornell, C, et al.
(författare)
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The cooperative venture formation process - A latent variable structural modeling approach
- 1990
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 36:10, s. 1246-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management process issues for forming cooperative ventures with an increased likelihood of subsequent success are addressed. The cooperative venture formation is based on Roos (1989) and is conceptualized in terms of 3 theoretical constructs: 1. the extent of sufficient internal push for the project, 2. the breadth and depth of analytical scope, and 3. the strength of key stakeholder support. These constructs are related to subsequent perceived performance. Data from 67 firms in Norway and Sweden were collected and analyzed via latent variable structural modeling a partial least square (PLS). The main managerial implication is that the process by which a cooperative venture is formed should largely be seen as a step-by-step approach, not as a discrete decision. The research demonstrates that a theoretically complex and seemingly impenetrable phenomenon can be explained by reducing it to a simple model of theoretical constructs.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Green, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-intoxication and eyewitness’ event memory: A field study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 1th virtual conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law (EAPL)..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study is to examine the amount of details alcohol-intoxicated eyewitnesses are able to recollect and the accuracy of those details. The novelty of this quasi-experimental study is that it is conducted in a field setting where the levels of breath alcohol content (BrAC) among the participants is potentially higher than in laboratory studies. Method: Participants (N = 65) were recruited in bars. Their breath alcohol content (BrAC) ranged from 0.00-0.15% (M = 0.05%, SD = 0.04). Participants were then shown a video depicting a mock-crime and interviewed afterwards. For analytic purposes, level of intoxication was collapsed into low (BrAC 0.000 - 0.049%, n = 36), moderate (BrAC = 0.050 - 0.100%, n = 18) and high intoxication (BrAC = 0.110 - 0.150%, n = 11). Results: The data collection is ongoing and results are preliminary. An ANOVA showed that BrAC had a significant effect on accuracy of memory, F(2, 62) = 4.26, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.12. Post hoc comparisons showed that the high intoxication group had a significantly lower accuracy rate (M = 87%, SD = 0.07) than the low (M = 92%, SD = 0.05) and the moderate intoxication group (M = 93%, SD = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the amount of details reported, F(2, 62) = 0.38, p = 0.68. Conclusions: It seems that quality of recall is only influenced at BrAC levels above 0.10%. Considering that mean BrAC was only 0.05% and is subject to change as more data is collected, restraint is recommended when interpreting these results. The results and their significance will be discussed in contrast to recent findings in the field of research.
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| 45. |
- Grey, F., et al.
(författare)
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Playing seriously with strategy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physics world. - 0953-8585 .- 2058-7058. ; 18:2, s. 18-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Physics uses imagination and play to disclose new truths about nature. Building on this premise, the Imagination Lab Foundation, a not-for-profit body based in Lausanne, was founded in 2000. The body investigates how organizations can develop new ways of discussing strategy through communication tools. To date, feedback from a wide range of participats indicates that the exercise is more relevant to the typical scientific researcher than other strategic tools favored by management experts.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Gustafsson, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Colloid dynamics and transport of major elements through a boreal river - brackish bay mixing zone
- 2000
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Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - 0304-4203 .- 1872-7581. ; 71:1-2, s. 1-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A range of biogeochemical methodologies were applied to investigate how aggregation processes affected the phase distribution and mixing of Fe, Si, and organic carbon between the Kalix River and the Bothnic Bay, northernmost Baltic Sea (salinity≤3; the low-salinity zone (LSZ) was stretching over 60 km in the spring). During the dynamic springflood conditions studied, small 238U-234Th disequilibria, low sediment trap fluxes, laboratory mixing experiments, as well as results from an independent two-box, two-dimensional mixing model combine to suggest that no significant removal of Fe, Si, or organic C was occurring in the highly-resolved LSZ. While no conclusions may be drawn based solely on property-salinity plots over narrow salinity ranges, apparently linear graphs for Fe and Si over 3 separate years also suggest minimal removal in this regime. At the same time, size distributions both of elements -from cross-flow ultrafiltration - and of bulk suspended solids - from light scattering (photon correlation spectroscopy [PCS]) - indicated that significant aggregation was taking place.The aggregation-without-significant-settling scenario in this low-salinity mixing regime, with a geochemistry similar to that of neighboring Russian Arctic rivers, is hypothesized to result from a comparatively high organic-to-detrital matter characteristic of the aggregates. While first principles would indeed suggest that decreasing electrostatic repulsion during mixing lead to aggregation, a low specific density of mineral-poor amorphous organic aggregates may lead to transport of these authigenic particles further away from the river mouth. The role of detrital "sinkers" on vertical removal of suspended organic matter is discussed in the wider context of scavenging mechanisms in the ocean.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Gustafsson, Ö., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the collection efficiency of upper ocean sub-photic-layer sediment traps : A 24-month in situ calibration in the open Baltic Sea using 234Th
- 2004
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 1541-5856. ; 2:2, s. 62-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collection efficiency of cylindrical sediment traps of common design was assessed in situ for more than 2 y in an offshore shelf regime using the 234Th proxy and simultaneously collected hydrological and biogeochemical parameters. The traps were found to systematically record an undertrapping bias of 234Th by, on average, a factor of three (range 0.8 to 10). Seasonal variations in trapping efficiency were related to the seasonally varying ballasting properties of the settling particle pool. Sediment trap 234Th fluxes agreed within a factor of two of the estimated 234Th export from the overlying surface waters in the winter-spring periods in both 1999 and 2000 and appeared related to a particle pool that included, presumably rapidly sinking, mineral particles and diatom tests acting as ballast. In contrast, discrimination against slowly settling organic-rich aggregates of apparent exudate origin resulted in undertrapping of 234Th by factors of three to ten throughout the summerfall seasons. These data are consistent with hydrodynamic predictions that the collection efficiency of sinking particles is inversely related to their intrinsic settling velocities. Recognition of changing particle composition along a settling velocity spectrum combine with carbon mass balance restrictions to suggest that these 234Th-based collection efficiencies, ranging from 0.1 to 1, may not be directly applicable to "correct" sediment trap fluxes of other components, such as organic carbon. However, the 234Th-derived insights of settling-velocity-related undertrapping may beneficially be taken into account when interpreting trap records both in studies of biogeochemical element fluxes and in phytoplankton ecology
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| 50. |
- Haileselassie, Yeneneh, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacilli Regulate Staphylococcus aureus 161:2-Induced Pro-Inflammatory T-Cell Responses In Vitro
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There seems to be a correlation between early gut microbiota composition and postnatal immune development. Alteration in the microbial composition early in life has been associated with immune mediated diseases, such as autoimmunity and allergy. We have previously observed associations between the presence of lactobacilli and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in the early-life gut microbiota, cytokine responses and allergy development in children. Consistent with the objective to understand how bacteria modulate the cytokine response of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines and immune cells, we exposed IEC lines (HT29, SW480) to UV-killed bacteria and/or culture supernatants (-sn) from seven Lactobacillus strains and three S. aureus strains, while peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) from healthy donors were stimulated by bacteria-sn or with bacteria conditioned IEC-sn. Although the overall IEC response to bacterial exposure was characterized by limited sets of cytokine and chemokine production, S. aureus 161: 2-sn induced an inflammatory response in the IEC, characterized by CXCL1/GROa and CXCL8/IL-8 production, partly in a MyD88-dependent manner. UV-killed bacteria did not induce a response in the IEC line, and a combination of both UV-killed bacteria and the bacteria-sn had no additive effect to that of the supernatant alone. In PBMC, most of the Lactobacillus-sn and S. aureus-sn strains were able to induce a wide array of cytokines, but only S. aureus-sn induced the T-cell associated cytokines IL-2, IL-17 and IFN-gamma, independently of IEC-produced factors, and induced up regulation of CTLA-4 expression and IL-10 production by T-regulatory cells. Notably, S. aureus-sn-induced T-cell production of IFN-gamma and IL-17 was down regulated by the simultaneous presence of any of the different Lactobacillus strains, while the IEC CXCL8/IL-8 response was unaltered. Thus these studies present a possible role for lactobacilli in induction of immune cell regulation, although the mechanisms need to be further elucidated.
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