| 1. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a cellulose-based society : current market and consumer trends
- 2017
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Ingår i: The 7th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28-30 Mar. 2017. - Stockholm : RISE Bioekonomi. - 9789186018207 ; , s. 1-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It has been proposed that the future of the forest industry will involve the traditional value chains combined with the needs and demands of a bio-based economy. A global consumer survey was undertaken, together with interviews and workshops with various representatives through the bio-economy. Sources also included in-depth literature studies and research reviews. Based on this input, several current trends have been identified that will affect the route towards a cellulose-based society. These trends describe the effects of urbanization, consumer behaviour, new business models, material recycling, open innovation and the necessity for early demonstration of new research. Four different but equally plausible scenarios have been identified describing the society and the role of cellulose in 2030, highlighting the role of the wood-based biorefinery.
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| 2. |
- Aldaeus, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a cellulose-based society : current trends, future scenarios, and the role of the wood biorefinery
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp. - 9791090188020 ; , s. 125-127
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a great need to maintain research for a future in which the traditional value chains of the forest industry are combined with the needs and demands of a bio-based economy. In such a future, the pulp mill biorefinery will be a crucial node. In order to map the transformation from a fossil-based society to a cellulose-based society, a global consumer survey has been made. In addition, interviews and workshops with various players throughout the bio-economy field have been accomplished. Several current trends that affect the road to a cellulose-based society have been identified. These trends are describing the effects of urbanization, consumer behaviour, new business models, material recycling, open innovation, and the need for early demonstration of new research. The trends have been combined with uncertainties into a number of plausible scenarios describing the society and the role of cellulose in the year 2030.
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| 3. |
- Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Miljörisker sjunkna vrak
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet med en nationell strategi för hantering av miljöfarliga vrak påbörjades 2007 med Statskontorets utredning Vrak och ägarlösa båtar, men ingen enskild myndighet har tilldelats övergripande ansvar för vrakfrågan. Utöver ansvarsfrågan har också förväntade höga kostnader för inspektion och sanering av vrak fördröjt det fortsatta arbetet. Ett steg närmare en nationell strategi redovisas här genom regeringsuppdraget Miljörisker sjunkna vrak. Genom samordning och ökat informationsutbyte mellan berörda myndigheter finns stor potential att minska de förväntade kostnaderna för inspektion av vrak och omgivande miljö. Om den föreslagna strategin antas, beräknas informationsläget avseende vraken att snabbt förbättras så att det år 2030 inte längre finns några potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak i svenska vatten.Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) och Naturvårdsverket har idag delat ansvar för övervakning och åtgärdande av miljögifter i marin miljö. Mot denna bakgrund hade det varit naturligt att låta HaV få ett övergripande ansvar för hantering av miljöfarliga vrak. Genom flexibelt upplägg avseende tidsramar bedöms övervakning och inspektion av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak kunna utföras genom att HaV ger de berörda myndigheterna uppdrag; kartering och sjömätning (Sjöfartsverket), ROV och dykinspektion (Kustbevakningen och/eller Försvarsmakten), sediment- och bottenförhållanden (Statens geologiska undersökning). En förutsättning är dock väl fungerande samverkan och kommunikation mellan berörda myndigheter. Existerande plattformar för detta finns redan på såväl operativ nivå i form av Projekt ”Sjöstjärnan” - samordning och samverkan mellan myndigheter avseende information och inhämtning av djup- och bottendata; respektive högsta ledningsnivå i form av Samordningsgruppen för havs- och vattenmiljöfrågor (SamHav).Enligt Sjöfartsverkets tidigare inventering (Miljörisker från fartygsvrak, 2011) finns det utmed Sveriges kust knappt tre tusen vrak som inte kan avskrivas utan vidare informationsinhämtning. Drygt trehundra av dessa klassades som potentiellt miljöfarliga. Av dessa har 31 listats som de sannolikt mest miljöfarliga vraken. Listan över de 31 vraken har därför varit utgångspunkt för projektet Miljörisker sjunkna vrak, vars syfte var att ta fram en metod för prioritering och inspektion av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak.Undervattensinspektion av vrak är kostsamt och kostnaden ökar kraftigt om vrakets läge är otillgängligt. Av de 31 vraken valdes därför nio relativt lättillgängliga vrak ut för noggrannare arkivstudier, samt sjömätning. Utifrån informationen från arkivstudierna och sjömätningen gjordes ett ytterligare urval om fyra vrak (Altnes, Skytteren, Thetis och Villon), vilka även inspekterades med ROV och/eller dykare. Huvudsyftet var att, inför och under arbetet med inspektionerna, utarbeta Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) som framgent kan användas som stöd inför kommande operationer rörande potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak.Under arbetet med inspektionerna observerades inte några pågående läckage av olja från vraken. Trots denna positiva information är det viktigt att komma ihåg att endast bevis på tomma tankar kan fullt ut avskriva vraken från listan över potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak. Även om det under projektets fältarbete inte observerades läckage av olja, finns dokumenterade läckage sedan tidigare (senast 2008-04-26) för Skytteren. Noterbart är också att Kustbevakningen 2014-06-29, fick rycka ut för att omhänderta olja som börjat läcka efter vraket Immen, norr om Gotska Sandön. Immen var inte med bland fallstudieobjekten i projektet.I tillägg till undervattensinspektion placerades strömmätningsutrustning ut vid vraken Skytteren och Villon. Strömdata kan sedan användas för att modellera ett hypotetiskt spill av olja från ett vrak och ge en indikation på var läckage av olja kan tänkas påverka den marina miljön negativt. Exempel på sådana negativa effekter kan vara försämrad förmåga hos sedimentlevande organismer att omsätta näringsämnen, vilket i sin tur kan påverka hela det marina ekosystemet. Strömdata är också ett viktigt underlag för utformning av övervakningsprogram, exempelvis med passiva provtagare för att detektera läckage av miljöfarlig substans från vrak.Samtlig insamlad data kommer att användas för att validera riskbedömningsverktyget VRAKA, som möjliggör resurseffektiv prioritering av vilka vrak som bör undersökas och/eller saneras. VRAKA, SOPs för inspektion, samt tillgång till specifik kompetens för utvärdering av samtliga resultat är nyckelelement för att kunna presentera en tillförlitlig riskbedömning av potentiellt miljöfarliga vrak. Havs- och vattenmyndigheten skulle kunna vara lämplig myndighet med huvudansvar för miljöfarliga vrak, i operativ samverkan med övriga berörda myndigheter.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Miljörisker sjunkna vrak II. Undersökningsmetoder och miljöaspekter
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During 2015 the Swedish Maritime Administration continued the second phase of thegovernmental task Environmental risks from sunken wrecks which first report was finalized2014-10-31 (Dnr: 1399-14-01942-6).The main conclusions from the 2014 report remain; for future handling of potentially pollutingshipwrecks it is recommended that the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management isgiven a coordinating responsibility in close cooperation with other competent nationalauthorities, such as Swedish Maritime Administration, Swedish Coastguard, Swedish NationalMaritime Museums, the Geological Survey of Sweden, SMHI, Swedish EPA, and SwedishCivil Contingencies Agency. Through coordination of wreck related operations and activitieswithin the concerned competent authorities’ ordinary areas of responsibility, resourceefficiency is improved. The estimated extra cost for implementation of a national strategy forhandling of the wrecks are estimated to be 10-15 MSEK which should be allocated to thecompetent authorities by the Swedish Agency for Water and Marine Management.The conclusions from 2014 was reinforced during 2015, e.g. through the validation of the riskassessment model VRAKA, which is now available in a first operative version. Additionalecotoxicological experiments on the development of tolerance against PAHs in meiofauna andmicroorganism communities were conducted in a field study in Brofjorden. The mainconclusions from this work is that comprehensive analyzes of PAHs should include alkylatedPAHs, and that exposure to PAHs over time can lead to tolerance development in ammoniumoxidizing bacteria, at the expense of their ability to perform the essential ecosystem servicenitrification.Continued measurements of the bottom currents were made at the wrecks Villon and Skytteren,and at the dumping area west of Måseskär. Measurement series yielded important informationon how measuring equipment at the wreck can be deployed in an optimized way in futuremonitoring program; to calculate the possible spreading of pollution from a wreck, currentmeasurements should be performed upstream from the wreck site, while sensors for thedetection of, for example, oil should be put into the turbulence downstream of the wreck.The current measurement instruments (RDCP) deployed at the Måseskär dump site was trawledup after only three weeks of measurements, but still gave valuable information on the extensivebottom trawling that resuspend (stir up) sediments. Earlier geochemical surveys have shownsignificantly elevated arsenic concentrations in the area and sediment resuspension greatlyincreased the risk for spread of any contaminants in the area. Trawling is not prohibited in thearea, and the current lack of knowledge regarding potential effects on human health whenconsuming seafood from dump areas calls for reflection upon the suitability of trawling in thearea.In addition to the current measurements Swedish Maritime Administration and the SwedishNavy conducted hydrographic survey with multibeam and side scan sonar and ROVinvestigation of the wrecks in the dumping area at Måseskär. 28 wrecks were found, and ROVinvestigation showed cargo holds with dumped torpedoes or mines and other containers in some SjöfartsverketDnr: 1399-14-01942-156of the wrecks. There is some discrepancy between the previously measured elevated arsenicconcentrations in the Måseskär area and recently presented data from historical archives thatdoes not support the theory that chemical weapons were dumped in the area. However, there isa very good correlation between the dominant current direction in the area, and the highestmeasured arsenic concentrations in the area downstream of the wrecks, suggesting some formof arsenic source in the area.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ahlström, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Does gender matter at triage?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Australasian emergency nursing journal. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1574-6267. ; 10:4, s. 202-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Amir Heidari, Payam, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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A state-of-the-art model for spatial and stochastic oil spill risk assessment: A case study of oil spill from a shipwreck
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 126, s. 309-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oil spills are serious environmental issues that potentially can cause adverse effects on marine ecosystems. In some marine areas, like the Baltic Sea, there is a large number of wrecks from the first half of the 20th century, and recent monitoring and field work have revealed release of oil from some of these wrecks. The risk posed by a wreck is governed by its condition, hazardous substances contained in the wreck and the state of the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need for a common standard method for estimating the risks associated with different wrecks. In this work a state-of-the-art model is presented for spatial and stochastic risk assessment of oil spills from wrecks, enabling a structured approach to include the complex factors affecting the risk values. A unique feature of this model is its specific focus on uncertainty, facilitating probabilistic calculation of the total risk as the integral expected sum of many possible consequences. A case study is performed in Kattegat at the entrance region to the Baltic Sea to map the risk from a wreck near Sweden. The developed model can be used for oil spill risk assessment in the marine environment all over the world.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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FIVE (Fires in vehicles) 2014
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Brandposten. ; :51, s. 27-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 10. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A Tactile Display System for Hand Prostheses to Discriminate Pressure and Individual Finger Localization
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. - : Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering. - 1609-0985. ; 30:6, s. 355-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No current commercially available myoelectrically controlled prosthetic hands provide conscious sensory feedback to the user. A system aiming at relocation of sensory input from a prosthetic hand equipped with force sensors to the forearm skin of amputees, a tactile display, has been developed and constructed. The system consists of five piezoresistive force sensors or, alternatively, a prosthetic hand equipped with force sensors, five digital servomotors with a lever and a circular plastic disk pushing on the skin, control electronics based on an MSP430 microcontroller and a test application implemented in LabVIEW running on a PC. The tactile display system is intended to be integrated into the socket of a hand prosthesis and used as a conscious sensory feedback system for hand amputees using a myoelectrically controlled hand prosthesis. The system will provide continuous force feedback from sensors in the fingertips of each prosthetic finger and will likely improve the users' controllability and perception of the prosthetic hand. Here we report on tests made on "a five site" localization discrimination task and three pressure level discrimination tasks on the forearm of five healthy participants (non-amputees) using the LabView application to generate the stimulations. A mean five-finger discrimination accuracy of 86% and a mean three-level pressure discrimination accuracy of 93% were achieved, indicating the system to be a viable method of producing sensory feedback on the level of individual fingers.
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| 11. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Redirection of Sensation From Prosthetic Fingers to the Phantom Hand Map on Transradial Amputees: Vibrotactile Versus Mechanotactile Sensory Feedback
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. - 1534-4320. ; 21:1, s. 112-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work assesses the ability of transradial amputees to discriminate multi-site tactile stimuli in sensory discrimination tasks. It compares different sensory feedback modalities using an artificial hand prosthesis in: 1) a modality matched paradigm where pressure recorded on the five fingertips of the hand was fed back as pressure stimulation on five target points on the residual limb; and 2) a modality mismatched paradigm where the pressures were transformed into mechanical vibrations and fed back. Eight transradial amputees took part in the study and were divided in two groups based on the integrity of their phantom map; group A had a complete phantom map on the residual limb whereas group B had an incomplete or nonexisting map. The ability in localizing stimuli was compared with that of 10 healthy subjects using the vibration feedback and 11 healthy subjects using the pressure feedback (in a previous study), on their forearms, in similar experiments. Results demonstrate that pressure stimulation surpassed vibrotactile stimulation in multi-site sensory feedback discrimination. Furthermore, we demonstrate that subjects with a detailed phantom map had the best discrimination performance and even surpassed healthy participants for both feedback paradigms whereas group B had the worst performance overall. Finally, we show that placement of feedback devices on a complete phantom map improves multi-site sensory feedback discrimination, independently of the feedback modality.
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| 12. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Design and technical construction of a tactile display for sensory feedback in a hand prosthesis system
- 2010
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Ingår i: BioMedical Engineering Online. - 1475-925X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The users of today's commercial prosthetic hands are not given any conscious sensory feedback. To overcome this deficiency in prosthetic hands we have recently proposed a sensory feedback system utilising a "tactile display" on the remaining amputation residual limb acting as man-machine interface. Our system uses the recorded pressure in a hand prosthesis and feeds back this pressure onto the forearm skin. Here we describe the design and technical solution of the sensory feedback system aimed at hand prostheses for trans-radial/humeral amputees. Critical parameters for the sensory feedback system were investigated. Methods: A sensory feedback system consisting of five actuators, control electronics and a test application running on a computer has been designed and built. Firstly, we investigate which force levels were applied to the forearm skin of the user while operating the sensory feedback system. Secondly, we study if the proposed system could be used together with a myoelectric control system. The displacement of the skin caused by the sensory feedback system would generate artefacts in the recorded myoelectric signals. Accordingly, EMG recordings were performed and an analysis of the these are included. The sensory feedback system was also preliminarily evaluated in a laboratory setting on two healthy non-amputated test subjects with a computer generating the stimuli, with regards to spatial resolution and force discrimination. Results: We showed that the sensory feedback system generated approximately proportional force to the angle of control. The system can be used together with a myoelectric system as the artefacts, generated by the actuators, were easily removed using a simple filter. Furthermore, the application of the system on two test subjects showed that they were able to discriminate tactile sensation with regards to spatial resolution and level of force. Conclusions: The results of these initial experiments in non-amputees indicate that the proposed tactile display, in its simple form, can be used to relocate tactile input from an artificial hand to the forearm and that the system can coexist with a myoelectric control systems. The proposed system may be a valuable addition to users of myoelectric prosthesis providing conscious sensory feedback during manipulation of objects.
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| 13. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory feedback from a prosthetic hand based on air-mediated pressure from the hand to the forearm skin.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 44:8, s. 702-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lack of sensory feedback is a drawback in today's hand prostheses. We present here a non-invasive simple sensory feedback system, which provides the user of a prosthetic hand with sensory feedback on the arm stump. It is mediated by air in a closed loop system connecting silicone pads on the prosthetic hand with pads on the amputation stump. The silicone pads in a "tactile display" on the amputation stump expand when their corresponding sensor-bulb in the prosthesis is touched, evoking an experience of "real touch". Methods: Twelve trans-radial amputees and 20 healthy non-amputees participated in the study. We investigated the capacity of the system to mediate detection of touch, discrimination between different levels of pressure and, on the amputees also, the ability to locate touch. Results: The results showed a median touch threshold of 80 and 60 g in amputees and non-amputees, respectively, and 90% and 80% correct answers, respectively, in discrimination between 2 levels of pressure. The amputees located touch (3 sites) correctly in 96% of trials. Conclusion: This simple sensory feedback system has the potential to restore sensory feedback in hand amputees and thus it could be a useful tool to enhance prosthesis use.
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| 14. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Sensory feedback in upper limb prosthetics.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Medical Devices. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-2422 .- 1743-4440. ; 10:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the challenges facing prosthetic designers and engineers is to restore the missing sensory function inherit to hand amputation. Several different techniques can be employed to provide amputees with sensory feedback: sensory substitution methods where the recorded stimulus is not only transferred to the amputee, but also translated to a different modality (modality-matched feedback), which transfers the stimulus without translation and direct neural stimulation, which interacts directly with peripheral afferent nerves. This paper presents an overview of the principal works and devices employed to provide upper limb amputees with sensory feedback. The focus is on sensory substitution and modality matched feedback; the principal features, advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are presented.
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| 15. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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SmartHand tactile display: A new concept for providing sensory feedback in hand prostheses.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2073. ; 44, s. 50-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract A major drawback with myoelectric prostheses is that they do not provide the user with sensory feedback. Using a new principle for sensory feedback, we did a series of experiments involving 11 healthy subjects. The skin on the volar aspect of the forearm was used as the target area for sensory input. Experiments included discrimination of site of stimuli and pressure levels at a single stimulation point. A tactile display based on digital servomotors with one actuating element for each of the five fingers was used as a stimulator on the forearm. The results show that the participants were able to discriminate between three fingers with an accuracy of 97%, between five fingers with an accuracy of 82%, and between five levels with an accuracy of 79%. The tactile display may prove a helpful tool in providing amputees with sensory feedback from a prosthetic hand by transferring tactile stimuli from the prosthetic hand to the skin at forearm level.
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| 16. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Transfer of tactile input from an artificial hand to the forearm: experiments in amputees and able-bodied volunteers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3115 .- 1748-3107. ; 8:3, s. 249-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedPurpose:This study explores the possibilities of transferring peripheral tactile stimulations from an artificial hand to the forearm skin.Method:A tactile display applied to the forearm skin was used to transfer tactile input to the forearm from various locations on a hand displayed on a computer screen. Discernment of location, levels of pressure and a combination of the two in simulated functional grips was tested to quantify the participants' ability to accurately perceive the tactile stimulations presented. Ten participants (5 forearm amputees and 5 able-bodied volunteers) unfamiliar with the equipment participated in the three-stage experiments comprising a learning session with vision, a reinforced learning session without vision and a validation session without vision.Results:The location discernment accuracy was high in both groups (75.2% and 89.6% respectively). The capacity to differentiate between three different levels of pressure was also high (91.7% and 98.1% respectively in the two groups). Recognition of simulated grip was slightly more difficult with the groups scoring 58.7% and 68.0% respectively for accuracy in the validation session.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that it is possible, following a brief training period, to transfer tactile input from an artificial hand to the forearm skin. The level of accuracy was lower for the more complex task, simulated grip recognition, possibly because this represents a more complex task requiring higher order brain functions. These results could form the basis for developing sensory feedback in hand prostheses. [Box: see text].
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| 17. |
- Antfolk, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Using EMG for Real-time Prediction of Joint Angles to Control a Prosthetic Hand Equipped with a Sensory Feedback System
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering. - : Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering. - 1609-0985. ; 30:6, s. 399-405
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All commercially available upper limb prosthesis controllers only allow the hand to be commanded in an open and close fashion without any sensory feedback to the user. Here the evaluation of a multi-degree of freedom hand controlled using a real-time EMG pattern recognition algorithm and incorporating a sensory feedback system is reported. The hand prosthesis, called SmartHand, was controlled in real-time by using 16 myoelectric signals from the residual limb of a 25-year old male transradial amputee in a two day long evaluation session. Initial training of the EMG pattern recognition algorithm was performed with a dataglove fitted to the contralateral hand recording joint angle positions of the fingers and mapping joint angles of the fingers to the EMG data. In the following evaluation sessions, the myoelectric signals were classified using local approximation and lazy learning, producing finger joint angle outputs and consequently controlling the prosthetic hand. Sensory information recorded from force sensors in the artificial hand was relayed to actuators, integrated in the socket of the prosthesis, continuously delivering force sensory feedback stimulations to the stump of the amputee. The participant was able to perform several dextrous movements as well as functional grip tasks after only two hours of training and increased his controllability during the two day session. In the final evaluation session a mean classification accuracy of 86% was achieved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bagge, Joar, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Parabolic velocity profile causes shape-selective drift of inertial ellipsoids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0022-1120 .- 1469-7645. ; 926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding particle drift in suspension flows is of the highest importance in numerous engineering applications where particles need to be separated and filtered out from the suspending fluid. Commonly known drift mechanisms such as the Magnus force, Saffman force and Segre-Silberberg effect all arise only due to inertia of the fluid, with similar effects on all non-spherical particle shapes. In this work, we present a new shape-selective lateral drift mechanism, arising from particle inertia rather than fluid inertia, for ellipsoidal particles in a parabolic velocity profile. We show that the new drift is caused by an intermittent tumbling rotational motion in the local shear flow together with translational inertia of the particle, while rotational inertia is negligible. We find that the drift is maximal when particle inertial forces are of approximately the same order of magnitude as viscous forces, and that both extremely light and extremely heavy particles have negligible drift. Furthermore, since tumbling motion is not a stable rotational state for inertial oblate spheroids (nor for spheres), this new drift only applies to prolate spheroids or tri-axial ellipsoids. Finally, the drift is compared with the effect of gravity acting in the directions parallel and normal to the flow. The new drift mechanism is stronger than gravitational effects as long as gravity is less than a critical value. The critical gravity is highest (i.e. the new drift mechanism dominates over gravitationally induced drift mechanisms) when gravity acts parallel to the flow and the particles are small.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Bjureland, William
(författare)
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On reliability-based design of rock tunnel support
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tunneling involves large uncertainties. Since 2009, design of rock tunnels in European countries should be performed in accordance with the Eurocodes. The main principle in the Eurocodes is that it must be shown in all design situations that no relevant limit state is exceeded. This can be achieved with a number of different methods, where the most common one is design by calculation. To account for uncertainties in design, the Eurocode states that design by calculation should primarily be performed using limit state design methods, i.e. the partial factor method or reliability-based methods. The basic principle of the former is that it shall be assured that a structure’s resisting capacity is larger than the load acting on the structure, with high enough probability. Even if this might seem straightforward, the practical application of limit state design to rock tunnel support has only been studied to a limited extent.The aim of this licentiate thesis is to provide a review of the practical applicability of using reliability-based methods and the partial factor method in design of rock tunnel support. The review and the following discussion are based on findings from the cases studied in the appended papers. The discussion focuses on the challenges of applying fixed partial factors, as suggested by Eurocode, in design of rock tunnel support and some of the practical difficulties the engineer is faced with when applying reliability-based methods to design rock tunnel support.The main conclusions are that the partial factor method (as defined in Eurocode) is not suitable to use in design of rock tunnel support, but that reliability-based methods have the potential to account for uncertainties present in design, especially when used within the framework of the observational method. However, gathering of data for statistical quantification of input variables along with clarification of the necessary reliability levels and definition of “failure” are needed.
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| 24. |
- Bjureland, William
(författare)
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Reliability-based design of rock tunnel support
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since 2009, design of rock tunnels can be performed in accordance with the Eurocodes, which allows that different design methodologies are applied, such as design by calculation or design using the observational method. To account for uncertainties in design, the Eurocode states that design by calculation should primarily be performed using the partial factor method or reliability-based methods. The basic principle of both of these methods is that it shall be assured that a structure’s resisting capacity is larger than the load acting on the structure, with sufficiently high probability. Even if this might seem straightforward, the practical application of limit state design to rock tunnel support has only been studied to a limited extent.The overall aim of this project has been to develop reliability-based methods for environmental and economic optimization of rock tunnel support, with a special focus on shotcrete support. To achieve this, this thesis aims to: (1) assess the applicability of the partial factor method and reliability-based methods for design of shotcrete support, exclusively or in combination with the observational method, (2) quantify the magnitude and uncertainty of the shotcrete’s input parameters, and (3) assess the influence from spatial variability on shotcrete’s load-bearing capacity and judge the correctness of the assumption that the load-bearing capacity of the support is governed by the mean values of its input parameters.The thesis shows that the partial factor method is not suitable, and in some cases not applicable, to use in design of rock tunnel support. Instead, the thesis presents a reliability-based design methodology for shotcrete in rock tunnels with respect to loose blocks between rockbolts and a design methodology for shotcrete lining based on a combination of the observational method and reliability-based methods. The presented design methodologies enable optimization of the shotcrete support and shotcrete lining by stringently accounting for uncertainties related to input data throughout the design process. The thesis also discusses the limited knowledge that we as an industry sometimes have in our calculation models and the clarifications that should be made in future revisions of the Eurocode related to target reliability and the definition of failure.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bolin, Sara, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Dormant SOX9-positive cells behind MYC-driven medulloblastoma recurrence
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumor recurrence is a slow biological process involving therapy resistance, immune escape, and metastasis and is the leading cause of death in medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor. By studying paired primary-recurrent patient samples and patient-derived xenografts we identified a significant accumulation of SOX9-positive cells in relapses and metastases. They exist as rare, quiescent cells in Group 3 and Group 4 patients that constitute two-thirds of medulloblastoma. To follow relapse at the single-cell level we developed an inducible dual Tet model of MYC-driven MB, where MYC can be directed from treatment-sensitive bulk cells to resistant, dormant SOX9-positive cells by doxycycline. SOX9 promoted immune es-cape, DNA repair suppression and was essential for recurrence. Tumor cell dormancy was non-hierarchical, migratory, and depended on MYC suppression by SOX9 to promote relapse. By using computational modeling and treatment we further showed how doxorubicin and MGMT inhibitors are specifically targeting relapsing cells.
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| 27. |
- Borgenvik, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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CDK2 as a therapeutic target in MYC-driven medulloblastoma
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant pediatric brain tumor that shows aberrant cell cycle activation, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we identified that MYC expression and poor prognosis in Group 3 MB correlates with elevated levels of core cell cycle members CDK2 and cyclin A2, suggesting they would be promising targets for direct inhibition. Tumor cells in a novel transgenic MYC-driven MB mouse model further displayed increased p27 levels, decreased viability, and cell growth in vitro upon conditional CDK2 depletion using tamoxifen-induced recombination. Human Group 3 MB cells transduced with dominant-negative CDK2 mutants similarly exhibited decreased viability and increased p27 activation. As compared to controls, CDK2-depleted cells responded less to CDK2-specific inhibitors but were not more sensitive to BET inhibition or CDK4/6 inhibition as previously proposed. We finally used global transcriptional profiling and found that mTOR and B-Myb/ZMYM2 signaling pathways are compensating for CDK2 loss in Group 3MB cells. Our analysis suggests that specific inhibitors of these pathways could in combination with approved cell cycle inhibitors provide more efficient treatments for this severe childhood brain cancer.
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| 28. |
- Borgenvik, Anna, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Dormant SOX9-Positive Cells Facilitate MYC-Driven Recurrence of Medulloblastoma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 82:24, s. 4586-4603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relapse is the leading cause of death in patients with medulloblas-toma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying recurrence could lead to more effective therapies for targeting tumor relapses. Here, we observed that SOX9, a transcription factor and stem cell/glial fate marker, is limited to rare, quiescent cells in high-risk medulloblastoma with MYC amplification. In paired primary-recurrent patient samples, SOX9-positive cells accumulated in medulloblastoma relapses. SOX9 expression anti-correlated with MYC expression in murine and human medulloblastoma cells. However, SOX9-positive cells were plastic and could give rise to a MYC high state. To follow relapse at the single-cell level, an inducible dual Tet model of medulloblastoma was developed, in which MYC expression was redirected in vivo from treatment-sensitive bulk cells to dormant SOX9-positive cells using doxycycline treatment. SOX9 was essential for relapse initiation and depended on suppression of MYC activity to promote therapy resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. p53 and DNA repair pathways were downregulated in recurrent tumors, whereas MGMT was upregulated. Recurrent tumor cells were found to be sensitive to treatment with an MGMT inhibitor and doxorubicin. These findings suggest that recurrence-specific targeting coupled with DNA repair inhibition comprises a potential therapeutic strategy in patients affected by medulloblastoma relapse.Significance: SOX9 facilitates therapy escape and recurrence in medulloblastoma via temporal inhibition of MYC/MYCN genes, revealing a strategy to specifically target SOX9-positive cells to prevent tumor relapse.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Brandt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Test Method for Fire Suppression Systems in Bus and Coach Engine Compartments
- 2013
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Paper Series. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. - 0148-7191.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a recently developed method meant to act as a tool for objectively assessing and comparing the performance of automatic fire suppression systems. This methodology specifies requirements and procedures for evaluating the efficiency and performance of automatic fire suppression systems permanently installed in the engine compartments of buses and coaches. The testing is done according to SP method 4912 and carried out in a test enclosure where the fire performance of different suppression systems can be objectively assessed in a well-defined way. The test methodology includes a battery of fire tests simulating different engine loads, air flows and fire scenarios. Every tested system is rated according to its performance. The test method also includes testing of re-ignition due to hot surface ignition of liquid fuels.
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| 32. |
- Brouzet, Christophe, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Electric Field on the Hydrodynamic Assembly of Polydisperse and Entangled Fibrillar Suspensions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 37:27, s. 8339-8347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamics of colloidal particles can be controlled by the application of electric fields at micrometer-nanometer length scales. Here, an electric field-coupled microfluidic flow-focusing device is designed for investigating the effect of an externally applied alternating current (AC) electric field on the hydrodynamic assembly of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). We first discuss how the nanofibrils align parallel to the direction of the applied field without flow. Then, we apply an electric field during hydrodynamic assembly in the microfluidic channel and observe the effects on the mechanical properties of the assembled nanostructures. We further discuss the nanoscale orientational dynamics of the polydisperse and entangled fibrillar suspension of CNFs in the channel. It is shown that electric fields induced with the electrodes locally increase the degree of orientation. However, hydrodynamic alignment is demonstrated to be much more efficient than the electric field for aligning CNFs. The results are useful for understanding the development of the nanostructure when designing high-performance materials with microfluidics in the presence of external stimuli.
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| 33. |
- Bungum, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Circadian variation in concentration of anti-Mullerian hormone in regularly menstruating females: relation to age, gonadotrophin and sex steroid levels.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 26, s. 678-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a promising marker of ovarian reserve. The aim of the study is to assess the circadian variation in AMH, and to evaluate its clinical relevance and biological aspects as an effect of age and other endocrine mechanisms involved in the regulation of AMH secretion. METHODS Nineteen healthy non-smoking, regularly menstruating female volunteers with body mass index below 30 kg/m(2), 10 aged 20-30 years (Group A) and 9 aged 35-45 (Group B) were included. Blood sampling, initiated at 8:00 a.m. on Days 2-6 of the menstrual cycle, was continued every second hour until 8:00 a.m. the following day. Serum levels of AMH, FSH, LH, progesterone and estradiol were measured. RESULTS With 8:00 a.m. values at the first day of investigation as a reference, the mean concentrations in the pooled data revealed a significantly lower level at 4:00 a.m. (P = 0.021) and 6:00 a.m. (P = 0.005) with a maximum mean difference of 1.9 pmol/l (10.6%). The same pattern was seen in both the age groups. Including both the age groups, the overall circadian variation of the AMH levels did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.059). A significant positive correlation between AMH and LH concentration was seen over the 24-h period (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A slight decrease in serum AMH levels during the late night appears not clinically relevant. Co-variation in the levels of LH and AMH might indicate joint regulatory mechanisms for the latter hormone and gonadotrophins.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Cancer, Matko, et al.
(författare)
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BET and Aurora Kinase A inhibitors synergize against MYCN-positive human glioblastoma cells
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell Death and Disease. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-4889. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients usually undergo surgery followed by aggressive radio- and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Still, median survival is only 12-15 months after diagnosis. Many human cancers including GBMs demonstrate addiction to MYC transcription factor signaling and can become susceptible to inhibition of MYC downstream genes. JQ1 is an effective inhibitor of BET Bromodomains, a class of epigenetic readers regulating expression of downstream MYC targets. Here, we show that BET inhibition decreases viability of patient-derived GBM cell lines. We propose a distinct expression signature of MYCN-elevated GBM cells that correlates with significant sensitivity to BET inhibition. In tumors showing JQ1 sensitivity, we found enrichment of pathways regulating cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair. As DNA repair leads to acquired chemoresistance to TMZ, JQ1 treatment in combination with TMZ synergistically inhibited proliferation of MYCN-elevated cells. Bioinformatic analyses further showed that the expression of MYCN correlates with Aurora Kinase A levels and Aurora Kinase inhibitors indeed showed synergistic efficacy in combination with BET inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that BET inhibitors could potentiate the efficacy of either TMZ or Aurora Kinase inhibitors in GBM treatment.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Čančer, Matko, et al.
(författare)
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Humanized Stem Cell Models of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Reveal an Oct4/mTOR Axis that Promotes Malignancy
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell Stem Cell. - : CELL PRESS. - 1934-5909 .- 1875-9777. ; 25:6, s. 855-870
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor, can arise from cellular malfunctions during hindbrain development. Here we generate humanized models for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup MB via MYCN overexpression in primary human hindbrain-derived neuroepithelial stem (hbNES) cells or iPSC-derived NES cells, which display a range of aggressive phenotypes upon xenografting. iPSC-derived NES tumors develop quickly with leptomeningeal dissemination, whereas hbNES-derived cells exhibit delayed tumor formation with less dissemination. Methylation and expression profiling show that tumors from both origins recapitulate hallmarks of infant SHH MB and reveal that mTOR activation, as a result of increased Oct4, promotes aggressiveness of human SHH tumors. Targeting mTOR decreases cell viability and prolongs survival, showing the utility of these varied models for dissecting mechanisms mediating tumor aggression and demonstrating the value of humanized models for a better understanding of pediatric cancers.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Cipriani, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A novel concept for a prosthetic hand with bidirectional non-invasive interface: a feasibility study
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - 1558-2531. ; 56:11, s. 2739-2743
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined A conceptually novel prosthesis consisting of a mechatronic hand, an electromyographic classifier, and a tactile display has been developed and evaluated by addressing problems related to controllability in prosthetics: intention extraction, perception, and feeling of ownership. Experiments have been performed, and encouraging results for a young transradial amputee are reported.
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| 40. |
- Cipriani, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Online Myoelectric Control of a Dexterous Hand Prosthesis by Transradial Amputees
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. - 1534-4320. ; 19:3, s. 260-270
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A real-time pattern recognition algorithm based on k-nearest neighbors and lazy learning was used to classify, voluntary electromyography (EMG) signals and to simultaneously control movements of a dexterous artificial hand. EMG signals were superficially recorded by eight pairs of electrodes from the stumps of five transradial amputees and forearms of five able-bodied participants and used online to control a robot hand. Seven finger movements (not involving the wrist) were investigated in this study. The first objective was to understand whether and to which extent it is possible to control continuously and in real-time, the finger postures of a prosthetic hand, using superficial EMG, and a practical classifier, also taking advantage of the direct visual feedback of the moving hand. The second objective was to calculate statistical differences in the performance between participants and groups, thereby assessing the general applicability of the proposed method. The average accuracy of the classifier was 79% for amputees and 89% for able-bodied participants. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a difference in control accuracy based on the aetiology of amputation, type of prostheses regularly used and also between able-bodied participants and amputees. These results are encouraging for the development of noninvasive EMG interfaces for the control of dexterous prostheses.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Costache, Madalina Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Higher- and lower-order personality traits and cluster subtypes in social anxiety disorder
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 15:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can come in different forms, presenting problems for diagnostic classification. Here, we examined personality traits in a large sample of patients (N = 265) diagnosed with SAD in comparison to healthy controls (N = 164) by use of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In addition, we identified subtypes of SAD based on cluster analysis of the NEO-PI-R Big Five personality dimensions. Significant group differences in personality traits between patients and controls were noted on all Big Five dimensions except agreeableness. Group differences were further noted on most lower-order facets of NEO-PI-R, and nearly all KSP variables. A logistic regression analysis showed, however, that only neuroticism and extraversion remained significant independent predictors of patient/control group when controlling for the effects of the other Big Five dimensions. Also, only neuroticism and extraversion yielded large effect sizes when SAD patients were compared to Swedish normative data for the NEO-PI-R. A two-step cluster analysis resulted in three separate clusters labelled Prototypical (33%), Introvert-Conscientious (29%), and Instable-Open (38%) SAD. Individuals in the Prototypical cluster deviated most on the Big Five dimensions and they were at the most severe end in profile analyses of social anxiety, self-rated fear during public speaking, trait anxiety, and anxiety-related KSP variables. While additional studies are needed to determine if personality subtypes in SAD differ in etiological and treatment-related factors, the present results demonstrate considerable personality heterogeneity in socially anxious individuals, further underscoring that SAD is a multidimensional disorder.
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| 43. |
- Dahlin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrotactile sense in median and ulnar nerve innervated fingers of men with Type 2 diabetes, normal or impaired glucose tolerance.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine: A journal of the British Diabetic Association. - : Wiley. - 1464-5491. ; 25, s. 543-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To investigate vibrotactile sense (large fibre neuropathy) at different frequencies in index and little fingers (median and ulnar nerves, respectively) of subjects with diabetes, or impaired (IGT) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods Vibration thresholds (tactilometry at seven frequencies (8, 16, 32, 64, 125, 250 and 500 Hz)) and median nerve function (electrophysiology) were examined in men (age 73.4 +/- 0.12 years; n = 58, mean +/- sd) with persistent NGT (n = 28) or IGT (n = 7) or with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 23) for > 15 years. Results HbA(1c) was increased and vibrotactile sense (sensibility index) was impaired in index and little fingers in men with T2DM. Vibration thresholds were particularly increased at 16, 250 and 500 Hz in the little finger (ulnar nerve). T2DM subjects showed electrophysiological (gold standard) signs of neuropathy in the median nerve. Although subjects with persistent IGT had higher HbA(1c), vibrotactile sensation and electrophysiology remained normal. HbA(1c) did not correlate with vibrotactile sense or electrophysiology, but the latter two correlated with respect to Z-score (sign of neuropathy) in forearm (NGT) and at wrist level (NGT and DM). Conclusions Vibration thresholds are increased in the finger pulps in T2DM subjects, particularly at specific frequencies in ulnar nerve innervated finger pulps. Neuropathy is not present in IGT. Tactilometry, with a multi-frequency approach, is a sensitive technique to screen for large fibre neuropathy in T2DM. Frequency-related changes may mirror dysfunction of various receptors.
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| 44. |
- Dalmo, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting SOX2 in glioblastoma cells reveals heterogeneity in SOX2 dependency
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal disease with no curative treatment. SOX2 is a stem cell transcription factor which is widely expressed across human GBM tumors. Downregulation of SOX2 inhibits tumor formation and its depletion leads to a complete stop of cell proliferation. Despite its known important role in GBM, there is a lack of SOX2 overexpression studies in human GBM cells cultured under stem cell conditions. Previous work in our lab suggests that SOX2 levels need to be precisely maintained for GBM cells to thrive. In this project, we have investigated how altered SOX2 expression affects primary human GBM lines. We found that elevated SOX2 expression inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in three out of four GBM cell lines. Global gene expression in the resistant line was shifted towards that of the proliferation-inhibited lines upon SOX2 induction. However, SOX2 induction also led to an increase in a GBM stem cell injury response phenotype, which was not present in proliferation-inhibited lines. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SOX2 knockout revealed a SOX2 independence in the resistant cell line, where SOX2-negative cells could be propagated both in vitro and in vivo.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Cylinder Liner Honed Surface Optimisation - a Manufacture-Characterisation-Function Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1st Swedish production symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to comply with increasingly stringent emission standards, engine manufacturers strive to reduce the oil consumption and frictional losses. One of the major contributors to it is the cylinder liner surface. Therefore, it is important to investigate what are the optimal machining parameters to manufacture liner topography with an optimal function. Numerous liners were slide honed, varying the base honing pressure and plateau honing time. The samples of the liners were measured on stylus and interferometer, and characterized by 2D and 3D parameters. The interference measurements were inputted in a flow simulation program and the mean oil flow and hydrodynamic shear stress were calculated for different nominal separations between the ring and liner. The analytical results show that a relatively low base honing pressure and longer plateau honing time give a surface with the lowest mean oil flow and the highest shear stress. A good correlation among the oil flow, shear stress, base honing pressure, Sa, Sk, Svk, and other roughness parameters was also found.
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| 47. |
- Dimkovski, Zlate, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards 3D Characterisation of Cylinder Liner Surfaces
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings / XII. International Colloquium on Surfaces January 28th and 29th, 2008, Chemnitz, Germany = XII. Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium. - Aachen : Shaker Verlag. - 9783832269128 ; , s. 15-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cylinder liner surface has a direct impact on the oil consumption and frictional losses in the internal combustion engines which are in common interest to be as lower as possible. Thus, the optimisation of the liner surface, its function and manufacture is often on the agenda of the automotive industry. Since the liner surface finish is a subject of improving, there is a need of improving and facilitating of its 3D characterisation preliminary when the parameter control limits are unknown, as well as later when it is experimentally verified and the limits are better determined. For that purpose a method for quality control in 3D of cylinder liners is proposed here. A tool was developed and implemented for rating of cylinder liner surfaces, computing of 3D groove parameters (groove width, height and distance between grooves) and determination of a needed number of measurements.
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| 48. |
- Ekman, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of small nerve fiber dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 141:1, s. 38-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To assess potential correlations between intraepidermal nerve fiber densities (IENFD), graded with light microscopy, and clinical measures of peripheral neuropathy in elderly male subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), respectively. Materials and methods: IENFD was assessed in thin sections of skin biopsies from distal leg in 86 men (71-77 years); 24 NGT, 15 IGT, and 47 T2DM. Biopsies were immunohistochemically stained for protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, and intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) were quantified manually by light microscopy. IENFD was compared between groups with different glucose tolerance and related to neurophysiological tests, including nerve conduction study (NCS; sural and peroneal nerve), quantitative sensory testing (QST), and clinical examination (Total Neuropathy Score; Neuropathy Symptom Score and Neuropathy Disability Score). Results: Absent IENF was seen in subjects with T2DM (n = 10; 21%) and IGT (n = 1; 7%) but not in NGT. IENFD correlated weakly negatively with HbA1c (r = −.268, P =.013) and Total Neuropathy Score (r = −.219, P =.042). Positive correlations were found between IENFD and sural nerve amplitude (r =.371, P =.001) as well as conduction velocity of both the sural (r =.241, P =.029) and peroneal nerve (r =.258, P =.018). Proportions of abnormal sural nerve amplitude became significantly higher with decreasing IENFD. No correlation was found with QST. Inter-rater reliability of IENFD assessment was good (ICC = 0.887). Conclusions: Signs of neuropathy are becoming more prevalent with decreasing IENFD. IENFD can be meaningfully evaluated in thin histopathological sections using the presented technique to detect neuropathy.
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| 49. |
- Farserotu, John, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Skin for tactile prosthetics
- 2012
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781467312349 ; , s. 1-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of a concept for a Smart Skin, for enabling tactile prosthetics that provide for a natural sensation of touch. The solution embeds miniature, ultra-low power, wireless sensors into the silicone coating of the prosthetic. The solution offers advantages in terms of scalability, ability to place the sensors almost anywhere, fault tolerance and potential ease of manufacturing.
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| 50. |
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