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- Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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The circular economy potential of urban organic waste streams in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment, Development and Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 1387-585X .- 1573-2975.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is growing recognition of the potential environmental and socio-economic benefits of applying a circular economy approach to urban organic waste management through resource recovery. Decisions around planning and implementing circular urban waste systems require estimates of the quantity of resources available in waste streams and their potential market value. However, most case-studies have so-far been conducted in high-income countries and cities in low- and middle-income countries have different challenges when developing a circular economy. The present paper explores these issues by estimating the potential for resource recovery from organic waste streams in the context of low- and middle-income countries, illustrated in Kampala, Uganda. A simplified material flow analysis approach is used to track the transformation of waste streams, namely; faecal sludge, sewage sludge and organic solid waste into the resource recovery products biogas, solid fuel, black soldier fly larvae and compost. Findings indicate that even at current rates of waste collection, the three waste streams combined could annually yield 135,000 tonnes of solid fuel or 39.6 million Nm3 of biogas or 15,000 tonnes of black soldier fly larvae or 108,000 tonnes of compost. Potential revenues from the products could range from 5.1 million USD for compost to 47 million USD for biogas, annually. This case study demonstrates how complex information describing urban waste in specific cities can be presented to facilitate decision-making and planning by stakeholders. By highlighting different resource recovery opportunities, application of this approach could provide an incentive for more sustainable urban sanitation and waste management systems.
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- Ekane, Nelson, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Resources and Risks : Perceptions on the Application of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Land in Sweden, a Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To spread or not to spread sewage sludge on agricultural land in Sweden remains the subject of a highly polarized debate among different stakeholders in the Swedish agricultural sector. This article presents insights on how stakeholders in Sweden see and explain the potentials and safety of spreading sewage sludge on agricultural land. This is done by drawing on risk perception literature and qualitative research methods. The findings reveal that fear of contamination and feeling of disgust are major deterrents of the use of sludge as an agricultural input. These are partly explained by unknowns and unfamiliarity about risks of unwanted substances in sludge. The study shows that while actors engaged in the practice amplify benefits of sludge as a resource and reiterate the need for emphasis on upstream measures including improved risk management systems, actors in charge of controlling toxins in society amplify actual and potential risks, highlight gaps in monitoring and minimizing risks, and would rather have a complete ban on the practice. This study highlights the complex combination of technical, environmental, socio-economic, psychological, and political factors influencing judgment and decision-making regarding sludge and its use as fertilizer in agriculture and concludes that the clash between facts and feelings which epitomizes the Swedish sludge debate may have implications for public trust and effective risk communication. As contribution to the Swedish sewage sludge debate, this study emphasizes that the benefits of sludge in agriculture is important but not enough to drive the practice to scale. It is even more important to improve understanding on the controllability and severity of risks in short and long-term.
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- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for building resilience to hazards in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems : the role of public private partnerships
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 10:part A, s. 102-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of how the resilience of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems to hazards can be improved. In turn, this aims to inform different strategies for public and private partnerships (PPPs). In a new approach, to acknowledge the multi levelled nature of resilience; risk at the relevant levels are taken into account, (regional/river basin, urban area, and individual). For these levels, we first describe the different components of risk, vulnerability and resilience of the WASH system that influence people׳s exposure to hazards. We illustrate these components using examples from case studies in the literature. Using a social learning lens - a crucial ingredient of resilience - we examine opportunities for reducing risks through improving public–private engagement. These are presented as strategies which could guide investment decisions: As pressures from climate change and development add up, businesses must become aware of the risks involved in operating and investing without considering ecosystem health, both in terms of the services they provide for mitigating floods and droughts, as well as in terms of the development approaches that define how ecosystems are managed (e.g. “making space” for, rather than controlling water). There is a need to develop an institutional culture that strives towards greener and more resilient urban environments with the help of various quality assurance methods. Partnerships must reach the poorer customer base, encourage informal small entrepreneurs, and boost financial mechanisms (e.g. micro-insurance, micro-finance) to support the most vulnerable in society
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- Oster, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging gaps in the agricultural phosphorus cycle from an animal husbandry perspective: The case of pigs and poultry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention. Monogastric species such as pigs and poultry can significantly contribute to global food security but these animals remain highly dependent on the supply of mineral inorganic P in their feeds. Pig and poultry, which represent 70% of the global meat production, are also major P excretors and thus represent important sources of environmental P inputs. Balancing the P cycle within farming systems is crucial to achieve P sustainable and resilient livestock production. Therefore, the interconnection of animal feed, livestock farming, manure, and soil/aquatic ecosystems requires multidisciplinary approaches to improve P management. With regard to a sustainable agricultural P cycle, this study addresses aspects of feeding strategies and animal physiology (e.g., phase feeding, P conditioning, liquid feeding, phytase supplementation, genetics), soil agroecosystems (e.g., P cycling, P losses, P gains), reuse and recycling (e.g., manure, slaughter waste), measures of farmers' economic performance (e.g., bio-economic models), and P governance/policy instruments (e.g., P quota, P tax). To reconcile the economic and ecological sustainability of animal husbandry, the strategic objective of future research will be to provide solutions for a sufficient supply of high-quality animal products from resource-efficient and economically competitive agro-systems which are valued by society and preserve soil and aquatic ecosystems.
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- Rosemarin, Arno, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosan Resource Guide
- 2007
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Ingår i: Waterlines. ; 26:2, s. 21-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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- Rosemarin, Arno S., et al.
(författare)
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Circular nutrient solutions for agriculture and wastewater : a review of technologies and practices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 45, s. 78-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes key findings from a series of systematic reviews and comprehensive efforts to collate evidence and expert opinions on circular solutions for recovery and reuse of nutrients and carbon from different waste streams in the agriculture and wastewater sectors. We identify established and emerging approaches for transformation towards a more circular nutrient economy with relevance to SDGs 6 and 14. The paper cites the example of the Baltic Sea Region which has experienced decades of fertilizer overuse (1950s–1990s) and concomitant urban sources of excessive nutrients. Regulations and incentive policies combining the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are necessary if circular nutrient technologies and practices are to be scaled up. Pricing chemical fertilizer at levels to reflect society's call for circularity is a central challenge.
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| 20. |
- Rosemarin, Arno, et al.
(författare)
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The governance gap surrounding phosphorus
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 104:3, s. 265-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are gaps in the governance of phosphorus (P) across the value chain components (from “mine to fork”), within the monitoring and regulation of these components, and surrounding the role of stakeholders in the process. As a result the intrinsic objectives of a governance system for P are not well formulated and yet to be implemented. Phosphorus is a mineral and is produced and marketed much like other minerals. But since P is also an essential element in our food systems, critical for all forms of life and very dispersed in different products, it requires special attention concerning data collaboration especially regarding rock phosphate (RP) commercial reserves and potential resources. Policy leadership in this area is lacking and the world has no independent source of data or a governance system set up to provide independent monitoring of the knowledge and resource base. The science of P governance benefits from a review of how other minerals have been governed but also by taking a multi-level governance perspective to unpack the complexities. This study reviews key interacting factors affecting the need for governance including common perceptions surrounding P and fertilizers among producers and consumers, the highly skewed distribution of the global resource, the absence of the UN system in monitoring availability and consumption of RP resulting in uncertainty about the size of the commercial reserves, and the inefficiencies in various steps in the phosphate value chain from “mine to fork”. The paper provides an overview of governance opportunities including the realms of mining, agriculture and waste management, the respective parameters worth monitoring and regulating, the stakeholders involved and the associated objectives of the resulting improved governance. It provides some suggestions for policy priorities and a staged process of steps to achieve progress.
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| 23. |
- Syers, Keith, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus and food production
- 2011
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Ingår i: UNEP year book 2011. - Nairobi : UNEP. - 9789280731019 ; , s. 35-45
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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