| 1. |
- Cloninger, Kevin M., et al.
(författare)
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The Health Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching: A 6-Month Pilot Study Among Long-Term Unemployment Swedish Young Adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years Sweden had an increased number of asylum seekers entering the country. Asylum seeking can affect the physical and mental health of individuals due to prolonged application processes and waiting times which can lead to inactivity. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors leading to noncommunicable diseases and overall mortality. The Public Health Report Blekinge 2014 states that groups with low socioeconomic status are less likely to be physically active in comparison with groups with a high socioeconomic status. Physical activity contributes to physical and mental well-being, and increases the possibilities for creating social networks as well as being part of the society. The project “Health for Everybody” (Hälsa för Alla) offers physical and cultural activities to approximately 300 refugees who have been granted asylum in the Blekinge region. The activities are conducted with the help of physical trainers, testing staff and community workers. In its current format each group of 20 to 30 refugees is offered training once a week for a 10-week period. The participants’ physical and psychological health and lifestyle habits are measured before and after the program through bioimpedance, physical conditioning tests and self-reports of psychological aspects related to health and lifestyle. We examined the health effects of cultural activities and Well-Being Coaching among long-term unemployed Swedish young adults. While individuals receiving cultural activities only showed a slight decrease in anxiety, those receiving Well-Being Coaching showed significant increases in subjective well-being and decreases in depression, anxiety, and sense of defeat and entrapment.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Newly Graduated Nurses' Personal Vulnerability for Burnout
- 2019
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Ingår i: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nurses’ work is characterized by overload and hard decisions. Despite 80% of new ly graduated nurses being socially warm and dedicated, 72.97% lacked purpose and meaning and felt ineffective and disconnected from the rest of the world. Moreover, 51.70% had a personality profile with high risk for burnout and ill-being.
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| 3. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Resilience (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal-oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 6.90% of Swedish newly graduated nurses had a resilient profile.
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| 4. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Temperament (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Reward Dependence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One factor for burnout vulnerability among nurses is their temperament profile. Compared to the general population, about 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were sentimental, warm, dedicated, attached, and dependent (i.e., high Reward Dependence) and 50% were worrying, pessimistic, doubtful, shy and low in energy (i.e., high Harm Avoidance).
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| 5. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A Quantification of Agentic and Communal Values in Adolescents’ Life Narratives
- 2014
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Ingår i: 167th American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, New York, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Life stories emphasize the narrative and self-organizing aspects of human behaviors and complement personality traits in explaining human identity. In contrast to most research on narratives in which the analysis is restricted to the researcher’s subjective evaluations and interpretations, we used computational methods to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and narratives events. Meta-cognitive strategies and principles that guide agentic (self-directedness; e.g., being autonomous, responsible and having self-control), communal (cooperativeness; e.g., showing empathy, helping behavior, and social tolerance), and transcendental (self-transcendence; e.g., the sense of being part of the whole universe) behavior were of special interest. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Method Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last three months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using semantic spaces, a computational method in which the Latent Semantic Analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. This representation was used to study whether it predicted the personality measures. Results Only Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were predicted by the semantic representation of the narratives. High levels of Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were associated with plural pronouns (e.g., us), whereas low levels were associated with singular pronouns (e.g., one-self, mine). Conclusions Agentic and communal values are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences.
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| 6. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Affectivity in Bulgaria: Differences in Life Satisfaction, Temperament, and Character
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 127-143
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The affective profiles model allows the comparison between diametrically different individuals, but also the comparison within individuals who differ in one affectivity dimension but that are similar in the other. This line of research indicates that individuals with different affective profiles regulate their emotions in distinct ways in order to adapt their stress levels and achieve greater subjective well-being. Nevertheless, even if some studies among North Americans and Swedes suggest that personality may play a key role in this process, the mechanism behind self-regulation within each profile is still poorly understood. Aims: We investigated differences in life satisfaction and personality traits (temperament and character) between individuals with distinct affective profiles in a population of Bulgarian adults. Method: The sample (see Angelova, Psychol Thought 13:127–145, 2020; Garcia et al., PeerJ 10:e13956, 2022) consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 15.05). Participants self-reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule), personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). Self-reported affect was used for affectivity profiling: self-fulfilling (high/low positive/negative affect), high affective (high/high positive/negative affect), low affective (low/low positive/negative affect), and self-destructive (low/high positive/negative affect). We conducted both variable-oriented (e.g., linear correlations, t-tests between diametrically different profiles) and person-oriented analysis (matched t-tests between profiles that differed in one affect dimension and were similar in the other). Results: Positive affect was positively related to Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction (r between 0.27 to 0.56), but negatively to Harm Avoidance (r = −0.40). Conversely, negative affect was negatively related to Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and life satisfaction (r between −0.25 to −0.47), but positive to Harm Avoidance (r = 0.42). The diametrical comparisons indicated that individuals with a self-fulfilling profile, compared to those with a self-destructive profile, reported lower scores in Harm Avoidance and higher scores in Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction. Additionally, individuals with a high affective profile, compared to individuals with a low affective profile, reported higher scores in Persistence, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction. The person-oriented analyses, however, showed that high positive affect was positively associated high Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness only when negative affect was high (high affective vs. self-destructive) and that high negative affect was negatively associated with Cooperativeness and positively associated with Self-Transcendence only when positive affect was low (self-destructive vs. low affective). Finally, life satisfaction was related to different personality traits for individuals with distinct profiles, the common denominator being high Self-Directedness. Conclusions: Besides replicating past studies regarding the relationship between personality and life satisfaction and affect, our study mapped the personality of individuals with different affective profiles throughout person-oriented analyses. This allowed us to understand more deeply the mechanisms behind self-regulation among individuals with distinct profiles. The development of some personality traits might influence a person’s affective profile only under certain conditions or only in conjunction with the development of character traits.
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| 7. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are related to the semantic representation of written narratives of positive and negative life events
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychology of Well-Being. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-1522. ; 5:8, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We used a computational method to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and written narratives of life events. Agentic (i.e., self- directedness), communal (i.e., cooperativeness), and spiritual (self-transcendence) traits were of special interest because they represent individual differences in intentional val- ues and goals, in contrast to temperament traits, which describe individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Methods: Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the temperament and char- acter inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last 3 months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using a computational method in which the latent semantic analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. Results: Only self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to the semantic representation of the narratives. Moreover, cooperativeness and self- transcendence were associated with less frequent usage of singular pronouns (e.g., me respectively mine). Conclusions: Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences. Moreover, high levels of communal and spiritual traits are related to less self-focused narratives.
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| 8. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Identity: Distinction between malevolent character traits through self-descriptive language
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ninth Self Biennial International Conference. Melbourne, Australia: 25-28 September.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Peoples’ tendencies to be manipulative, opportunistic, selfish, and callous are reflected in three dark character traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Since individual differences are encoded in natural language, we expected that the words that people use to describe themselves reflected their malevolent traits. Method: A total of 2,374 participants, recruited from Amazon’s MTurk, responded to the Short Dark Triad and were asked to generate 10 self-descriptive words. The first analysis was a word-frequency analysis. In the second analysis, the words were quantified using the Latent Semantic Analysis algorithm, which quantifies meaning by computing the words co-occurrence in natural language. Results: The 2,374 participants generated a total of 25,698 words (2,373 unique words). For each dark trait we found specific words participants used to describe themselves. The quantified meaning of the words and the dark traits showed significant correlations (Machiavellianism: r=.19, p<.0001; narcissism: r=.35, p<.0001; psychopathy r=.35, p<.0001). Conclusion: We found that specific keywords and the dark traits are predictable from the meaning of words people use for self-presentation. Our results also suggest that each of these dark traits is not only distinctive of a person’s identity but also to an explicit awareness of the dark self
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| 9. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Identity: Distinction between Malevolent Character Traits through Self-descriptive Language
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Statistical Semantics - Methods and Applications. Sikström, Sverker, Garcia, Danilo (Eds.). - Cham : Springer. - 9783030372491 - 9783030372507
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peoples’ tendencies to be manipulative, opportunistic, selfish, callous, amoral, and self-centered (i.e., an outlook of separateness; Cloninger 2004, 2007, 2013) are reflected in individual differences in three dark traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy (Paulhus and Williams 2002). At a general level, individuals who express any of these dark traits also express uncooperativeness as one common aspect of their vicious character (cf. Garcia and Rosenberg 2016). In addition, people who express different levels of each of these malevolent traits, also express different levels of extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism and other personality tendencies (cf. Vernon et al. 2008). However, these associations are inconsistent across samples (Garcia and Rosenberg 2016). What is even more, besides temperament and character traits, the concept of the self and a person’s identity is also expressed when individuals intentionally describe themselves (see Chap. 8); some might describe themselves as talkative, others as shy, goal-directed, manipulative, kind, loving, and etcetera. The question is, if the words people use to describe themselves express their malevolent character? In other words, is the meaning of these words related to their dark tendencies? Our aim was to find a clearer distinction between people’s dark tendencies by investigating the relationship between how people intentionally describe themselves and their self-reported malevolent character traits. In the first analysis, we quantified the self-descriptive words to represent the semantic meaning of each malevolent character trait using the Latent Semantic Algorithm. These semantic representations of malevolent character where then used to predict the self-reported scores of the Dark Triad. The second set of analyses were word-frequency analyses that mapped the self-descriptive words to individuals’ self-reported malevolent character traits scores (i.e., one-dimension analysis; see Garcia and Sikström, 2019) and profiles (i.e., three-dimensional analysis; see Garcia et al. 2020). The self-reported narcissism score was uniquely predicted by the semantic representations of narcissism. This was similarly for the self-reported psychopathy score; but not for the self-reported Machiavellianism score, which was predicted by all three semantic representations of the Dark Triad traits. At the one-dimension level, the word “sarcastic” differentiated individuals with Machiavellian tendencies, “mean” was indicative of high psychopathy and finally narcissistic tendencies were differentiated by self-descriptive words such as “leader” and “outgoing”. People low in Machiavellianism and psychopathy were both unified by self-presentations such as “kind” and “caring”, whereas people low in narcissism indicated by self-descriptions such as “shy” or “introvert”. At the three-dimensional level, profiles gave more nuanced findings suggesting specific keywords that unify or that make the dark traits unique. Hence, we suggest that self-descriptive words, alongside the computational methods and the profiling approach used here, may complement traditional methods for the identification of a person’s dark identity, which seems to be an explicit and aware part of the self.
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| 10. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Time Matter: Dark Character Profiles and Time Perspective
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 9:1, s. 63-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Humans seem to have a unique ability to consciously organize the flow of time (i.e., past, present, and future) and to intentionally choose goals and values (i.e., character: self, others, the universe). These two parts of human awareness have implications for individuals’ relation to a society that will flourish or perish. In fact, a balanced time perspective is suggested as necessary for the experience of well-being and optimal societal functioning. Nevertheless, low character development might be expressed as a Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if individuals differ in their outlook on time depending on their dark character profiles. Method: We re-analyzed data from a previous study in which participants (N = 338) responded to the Short Dark Triad Inventory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. However, here we use the Dark Cube (Garcia, 2017a), a model of malevolent character based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory of personality and in the assumption of a Dark Triad, thus, clustering individuals in eight profiles (i.e., the combination of high/low in three malevolent character traits). Results: The results for each trait suggest multi-finality (i.e., same antecedents, different outcomes) and equifinality (i.e., different antecedents, same outcomes). For example, individuals high in narcissism presented a balanced time perspective when manipulative behavior was also high and psychopathy was low. Conclusions: In certain conditions, malevolent character is associated to a balanced time perspective. Thus, suggesting that in order to understand well-being and optimal societal functioning, we need to look at human awareness in relation to both time (i.e., past, present, future) and space (i.e., character: self, others, the universe).
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| 11. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Describe Yourself, Know Yourself: Natural Language Descriptions of Personality and Dark Triad Traits
- 2016
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Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using quantitative semantics we found that individuals’ freely generated self-descriptions are associated to measures of their dark traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). In addition, individuals who score high in these malevolent traits display self-awareness of their behavior by the words they choose to describe themselves (e.g., “mean”, “sarcastic”).
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| 12. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Differences between Affective Profiles in Temperament and Character in Salvadorians: The Self-fulfilling Experience as a Function of Agentic (Self-directedness) and Communal (Cooperativeness) Values
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Happiness and Development. - 2049-2790 .- 2049-2804. ; 2:1, s. 22-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We used the affective profiles model to investigate differences in personality with respect to different combinations of Positive (PA) and negative affect (NA). Method: The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule was used to categorize 135 Salvadorians into four affective profiles: self-fulfilling (high PA and Low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA), low affective (low PA and low NA), and self-destructive (low PA and high NA). Personality was measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Results: High NA individuals reported higher levels of Harm Avoidance, while high PA individuals reported higher levels of Persistence. Self-destructives reported lower levels of Self-directedness compared to all profiles, while Cooperativeness was higher only among self-fulfilling individuals. Nevertheless, also low affectives scored high in Self-directedness. Conclusion: The discerned differences in character suggest that the self-fulfilling experience, defined as frequently experiencing positive emotions and infrequently experiencing negative emotions, is a function of agentic values in conjunction with communal values.
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| 13. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Frequency Predicts Performance among White-Collar Workers
- 2012
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Ingår i: 24rd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Most call centers define performance as the percentage of the scheduled “time on the phone”, this specific type of work design might imply unfavourable working conditions for employees that might affect learning how to cope with the rapid external and internal changes in working life. For example, minimizing opportunities for employees to organize their own work and the opportunities given for making decisions and initiating action (i.e., Autonomy). Moreover, physical activity has been found related to performance on cognitive complex tasks, perhaps because frequent exercise reduces stress symptoms and improves mental states, and in the long term, enable arousal levels to be more appropriate adjusted for cognitive work and by increased stress resistance. These suggestions are investigated in the present study among white-collar workers at a call center. The aim was to investigate if exercise frequency and the perceived work climate predicted workers’ performance on the telephone. At the beginning of the Study, workers (N = 110) self-reported how often they engaged in physical activity and their perception of seven work climate variables: management, time to do the job, autonomy and responsibility, team style, opportunities to develop, guidelines to do the work, contentedness with the workplace (Learning Climate Questionnaire by Bartram el al., 1993). Each worker’s performance (average percent of time on the phone) was then assessed by the same system handling the calls each day over a five month period. To understand which factors contributed to performance over the five months period, we conducted structural equation-modeling analysis. The results showed that low contentedness and low autonomy predicted high performance at work. In other words, when workers perceived low control over how they organize their work and general low feelings of satisfaction with the workplace climate (i.e., complaints, moans, and negative attitudes from colleagues) they spent more time answering calls from customers. However, frequent exercise predicted high performance among workers. In conclusion, call centers might need to emphasize the connection between performance and important measures of work climate by encouraging workers to take responsibility for learning and being given the freedom to experiment and take risks (i.e., autonomy). It is plausible to suggest that such work climate might lead to lower performance, at least in a call center environment. Nonetheless, low Contentedness for example, might arise when colleagues do not get on well, when they tend to blame each other for the work they do and people are resistant to trying new ways of doing things. Such workplace climate might lead to low performance in the long run. More important, encouraging and creating opportunities to frequent physical activity might compensate the negative effects of high autonomy, for example, by boosting up workers’ performance.
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| 14. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Happiness and High School Pupils’ Ability to Reflect and Self-Assessment
- 2013
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Ingår i: Social Psychology of the Classroom International Conference 2013. The University of Auckland, NZ. 15-18 July 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Emotions are linked to students' ability to reflect and to assess their own performance. These two characteristics are important elements of learners' academic and personal development that educators have the task of promoting. For instance, happy adolescents have shown high levels of autonomy, strive for personal development, and feel control of their lives. Nevertheless, happy adolescents also show a tendency to believe they have succeeded at tasks better than they actually have. Aim This study examined differences in happiness and ability to reflect among high school pupils. The differences were examined with regard to year in school, gender, and capacity to self-assess performance correctly. Method A total of 136 Swedish high school pupils participated in the study. Happiness was assessed at the beginning of the study by self-reports measuring satisfaction with life, positive and negative emotions. Pupils were asked to solve a simple perceptual task and then to assess their performance and describe the cause of success or failure. Frustration was also measured after the description. The self-assessment divided pupils into two groups: those who made a right assessment and those who made a wrong assessment of their performance. The number of words in their description was used as the reflection variable. Results The results show that pupils in the third year were happier. The results also indicated that girls in the third year were happier than girls in the first and second year, while boys showed a flat level of happiness across the three school years. More importantly, pupils who made an accurate assessment of their performance in the perceptual task reported higher levels of happiness before the task, used more words when reflecting about their performance, and reported lower levels of frustration after the task than pupils who were wrong about their performance. Conclusions The promotion of happiness at schools needs to be considering if teachers strive to inspire, stimulate the desire to learn, and help pupils to emotional and personal development. Moreover, if girls might develop emotionally to a greater extent, issues regarding gender equality at schools should be addressed.
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| 15. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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May a Mature Character be with You! Dark and Light Character Profiles
- 2016
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Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We addressed associations between peoples’ dark (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and light (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-directedness) character profiles. Individuals high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy shared a non-agentic and uncooperative character, while individuals high in narcissism expressed high agency and, when the other dark traits are high, high spirituality but uncooperativeness.
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| 16. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Malevolent Character: Data Using The Swedish Version of Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 14, s. 648-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data include responses to the Swedish version of a brief questionnaire used to operationalize the Dark Triad of malevolent character: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. The data was collected among 342 Swedish university students and white-collar workers (see D. Garcia, S. MacDonald, M. Rapp Ricciardi [1]). In this article, we include the Swedish version of Jonason’s Dark Triad Dirty Dozen questionnaire. The data is available, SPSS and cvs file, as supplementary material in this article. Additionally, we also provide the scoring key as SPSS syntax file.
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| 17. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Out of Flatland: The Role of the Notion of a Worldview in the Science of Well-Being
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mens Sana Monograph. - : Medknow. - 0973-1229 .- 1998-4014. ; 14:1, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the suggestion of the notion of a worldview as part of the Science of Well-Being. We present, at first, an allegoric comparison as to why the view of a ternary unity of being (i.e. a coherence of the three parts of the being, body, mind, and psyche to maximize well-being) is difficult to grasp. We also discuss that humans do have unique experiences and memories, but that we are also connected to both all living things and to our environment. Finally, we point to a ternary model of personality to increase our understanding of a person’s well‐being: Temperament, character, and identity.
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| 18. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Descriptions and Personality Measures
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Society for the Study of Individual Differences Meeting. July 27th - 31st, 2015, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on individual differences in personality assumes that person characteristics are reflected in language. Nevertheless, previous research has used personality-descriptive words clustered by small number of experts and idiosyncratic criteria and methods (Leising et al., 2014). In this study, laypeople were asked to freely generate words that describe their own personality. The aim was to provide a larger set of words people actually use to describe themselves and to investigate the relationship between these personality-descriptive words and numeric psychometric measures of personality. A total of six samples, with a total of 3000 participants, were collected through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Besides demographical questions (e.g., age, gender, religion, education, salary) participants in all samples have been asked to describe their own personality using 10 words (The 10 Word Personality Questionnaire by Garcia & Sikström, 2015). One or two of the following psychometric measures of personality were distributed among the different samples: the Short Dark Triad, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, The Big Five Inventory, Regulatory Mode Questionnaire, Time Perspective, and the Short Character Inventory. The freely generated personality-descriptive words were quantified using the Latent Semantic Analysis algorithm, a computational method, thus, allowing the implementation of common statistical methods (e.g., multiple linear regression analysis) to investigate relationships between the semantic representation of the personality descriptions and numeric psychometric measures of personality.
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| 19. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Semantics Test Theory: Validation of two Short Personality Inventories
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We quantified individuals’ self-descriptive words (i.e., identity) in order to validate two short personality inventories (i.e., Quantitative Semantic Test Theory). Despite being short, both inventories captured individuals’ identity as expected. Nevertheless, our method also pointed out some shortcomings and overlaps between the personality traits measured within these inventories.
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| 20. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-regulatory mode (locomotion and assessment), well-being (subjective and psychological), and exercise behavior (frequency and intensity) in relation to high school pupils’ academic achievement
- 2015
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Ingår i: Peer J. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 3:847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: assessment and locomotion. Moreover, both subjective and psychological well-being along exercise behaviour might also play a role on adolescents academic achievement. Method. Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire to measure self-regulation strategies (i.e., locomotion and assessment). Well-being was measured using Ryff ’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version, the Tempo- ral Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Exercise behaviour was self-reported using questions pertaining to frequency and intensity of exercise compliance. Academic achievement was operationalized through the pupils’ mean value of final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. Both correlation and regressions analyses were conducted. Results. Academic achievement was positively related to assessment, well-being, and frequent/intensive exercise behaviour. Assessment was, however, negatively related to well-being. Locomotion on the other hand was positively associated to well-being and also to exercise behaviour. Conclusions. The results suggest a dual (in)direct model to increase pupils’ academic achievement and well-being—assessment being directly related to higher academic achievement, while locomotion is related to frequently exercising and well-being, which in turn, increase academic achievement.
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| 21. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Self-transcendence
- 2017
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Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
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| 22. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Synergetic Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions on Refugees’ Health
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We evaluated the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on health among a sample of refugees living in Sweden. While each intervention increased well-being and reduced ill-being respectively, the combination had a wider biopsychosocial effect on health.
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| 23. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The “Cold Case” of Individual Differences in Organizational Psychology: Learning Climate and Organizational Commitment Among Police Personnel
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 269-285, s. 269-285
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individuals’ perception of their work climate is expected to strongly influence personnel’s organizational commitment. However, the evidence about the association between organizational commitment and important outcomes, such as performance at work and turnover, is mixed. If this was not enough, little attention has been paid to how individual differences in basic personality (e.g., individual’s affective profiles) moderate this relationship. In this context, police organizations have unique obstacles in terms of work climate and when striving to make their personnel genuinely committed to the organization. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the association between learning work climate and organizational commitment among police personnel using the affective profiles model as the framework of our study. Method: Swedish police personnel (N = 353) answered an online survey comprising the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Learning Climate Questionnaire, and the Three Commitment Scales. We calculated percentiles in positive and negative affect to cluster participants in four affective profiles with high/low positive affect (PA/pa) and high/low negative affect (NA/na): self-fulfilling (PAna), low affective (pana), high affective (PANA), and self-destructive (paNA). Besides correlation analyses and comparisons between police personnel with diametrical opposite profiles (i.e., PAna vs paNA and PANA vs. pana), we focused on within-individual comparisons between police personnel who differed in one affect dimension and matched in the other (i.e., PANA vs. paNA; PAna vs. pana; PAna vs PANA; and paNA vs. pana). Results: The main analyses showed that personnel with a self-fulfilling profile scored higher on almost all learning climate dimensions and affective and normative commitment and lower in continuance commitment. However, while high negative affect was clearly associated with low levels in all learning climate dimensions, some of these dimensions and the commitment dimensions were associated to high positive affect only when negative affect was low. As expected, when considering individual differences, the relationship between work climate and commitment was complex. For instance, affective commitment was predicted by perceiving opportunities to develop for police personnel with either a self-destructive or a self-fulfilling profile but by good management relationships and style for those with a low affective profile. Conclusions: At the general level, to be able to know which specific work climate factors will lead to an adaptive organizational commitment, police organizations and leaders need to be aware of employees’ personality. At the practical level, the promotion of positive affect and the reduction of negative affect at work and life in general might help organizations to increase police personnel’s sense of a good learning climate and their willingness to stay in the organization because they identify with the organization at an emotional, a psychological, and a social level.
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| 24. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Dark Cube: Dark and Light Character Profiles
- 2016
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 4:e1675, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Research addressing distinctions and similarities between people’s malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has detected inconsistent linear associations to temperament traits. Additionally, these dark traits seem to have a common core expressed as uncooperativeness. Hence, some researchers suggest that the dark traits are best represented as one global construct (i.e., the unification argument) rather than as ternary construct (i.e., the uniqueness argument). We put forward the dark cube (cf. Cloninger’s character cube) comprising eight dark profiles that can be used to compare individuals who differ in one dark character trait while holding the other two constant. Our aim was to investigate in which circumstances individuals who are high in each one of the dark character traits differ in Cloninger’s “light” character traits: self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence. We also investigated if people’s dark character profiles were associated to their light character profiles. Method. A total of 997 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) responded to the Short Dark Triad and the Short Character Inventory. Participants were allocated to eight different dark profiles and eight light profiles based on their scores in each of the traits and any possible combination of high and low scores. We used three-way interaction regression analyses and t-tests to investigate differences in light character traits between individuals with different dark profiles. As a second step, we compared the individuals’ dark profile with her/his character profile using an exact cell-wise analysis conducted in the ROPstat software (http://www.ropstat.com). Results. Individuals who expressed high levels of Machiavellianism and those who expressed high levels of psychopathy also expressed low self-directedness and low cooperativeness. Individuals with high levels of narcissism, in contrast, scored high in self-directedness. Moreover, individuals with a profile low in the dark traits were more likely to end up with a profile high in cooperativeness. The opposite was true for those individuals with a profile high in the dark traits. The rest of the cross-comparisons revealed some of the characteristics of human personality as a non-linear complex dynamic system. Conclusions. Our study suggests that individuals who are high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy share a unified non-agentic and uncooperative character (i.e., irresponsible, low in self-control, unempathetic, unhelpful, untolerant), while individuals high in narcissism have a more unique character configuration expressed as high agency and, when the other dark traits are high, highly spiritual but uncooperative. In other words, based on differences in their associations to the light side of character, the Dark Triad seems to be a dyad rather than a triad.
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| 25. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Dark Side of the Affective Profiles: Differences and Similarities in Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Narcissism
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sage Open. - : SAGE Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 5:4, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affective profiles model is based on the combination of individuals’ experience of high/low positive affect and high/low negative affect: self-fulfilling, high affective, low affective, and self-destructive. We used the profiles as the backdrop for the investigation of individual differences in malevolent character traits (i.e., the Dark Triad: psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism). A total of 1,000 participants (age: M = 31.50 SD = 10.27, 667 males and 333 females), recruited through Amazons’ Mechanical Turk (MTurk), responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen. Individuals with a high affective profile reported higher degree of narcissism than those with any other profile, and together with individuals with a self-destructive profile, also higher degree of Machiavellianism and psychopathy than individuals with a low affective and self-fulfilling profile. Males scored higher in Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Together with earlier findings, our results show that while individuals in both the self-fulfilling and high affective profiles are extrovert and self-directed, only those in the high affective profile express an immature and malevolent character (i.e., high levels of all Dark Triad traits). Conversely, individuals in the self-fulfilling profile have earlier reported higher levels of cooperativeness and faith. More importantly, the unique association between high levels of positive emotions and narcissism and the unified association between negative emotions to both psychopathy and Machiavellianism imply a dyad rather than a triad of malevolent character traits.
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| 26. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Difference between Living Biblically and just Imagining It
- 2012
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Ingår i: 24rd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden is one of few countries in which pupils learn about worldwide religions at school. Nevertheless, theoretical knowledge about one’s own and other religions might not be sufficient in order to understand and grasp real life issues. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (Kolb, 1984) suggests that knowledge is created through the combination of grasping and transforming experience. Thus, in order to actually learn about religions learning should be experimental-based. We aimed to quantify the semantic content of statements from pupils were the knowledge where acquired by experience in contrast to just imaging such an experience. As part of their course on Worldwide Religions, 16 Swedish high school pupils participated in “Living biblically”, which is an assignment specifically designed to learn by experience. Participants are instructed to strive to follow, for two weeks, 12 rules from the old testament such as: do not sit were any menstruating woman have been sitting, do not shave the corners of your beard (for boys), and do not use make up (for girls). Participants living biblically were asked to write an internet dairy during the two weeks in which they reflected around their struggling following the biblical rules and listed a prey of gratitude for each day. In contrast, 11 high school pupils from the same school were instead instructed to read the same 12 rules and to reflect on how it would have been to follow these rules for the last two weeks. In order to investigate pupils’ acquired knowledge in both assignments; we used a computational method for quantifying semantic content of words called Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). This method is based on algorithms stemming from computational linguistic where a high dimensional semantic representation of words can be generated from co-occurrence of words in huge text corpora. We used the semantic quantification to statistically test that the semantic content differed between texts generated by boys and girls. Moreover, the sematic content differed beteween participans that followed the biblical rules and those who just imagined to have followed them. Specifically, pupils who experienced the rules where more prone to use words related to the assignment such as rules, follow, and task. In contrast, pupils that only imagined themselves following the rules were prone to use words such as I and problem. Hence, this shows that pupils experiencing the rules were focused on the task at hand, whereas those imagining the experience were more self-conscious. Indeed, when individuals are inmersed in a task they tend to use I at very low levels (Pennebaker, 2011). Conversely, imagining the experience drawns adolescents’ attention to themselves and their own struggles. Learning by experience might be needed in order to minimaze outgroup bias (negative attitudes about individuals outside of one’s own group) and to involve not just pupil’s intellect but also their senses, their feelings and their personalities.
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| 27. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Happy Worker: Exercise and Thoughts about Performance leading to Positive Emotions
- 2012
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Ingår i: 6th European Conference on Positive Psychology, Moscow, Russia, June 26-28, 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most call centers define performance as the percentage of the scheduled “time on the phone”, this specific type of work design might imply unfavourable working conditions for employees that might affect learning how to cope with the rapid external and internal changes in working life. For this reason, the call center environment makes for a remarkable field in order to test if happier people are more productive. Although positive emotions foster productivity under many conditions (Fredrickson, 2001), this effect is probably not ever-present. Although, pleasant emotions might bias cognition and behavior in some ways, the relationship can be the other way around. Moreover, physical activity has been found related to performance on cognitive complex tasks, perhaps because frequent exercise reduces stress symptoms and improves mental states, and in the long term, enable arousal levels to be more appropriate adjusted for cognitive work and by increased stress resistance. These suggestions are investigated in two studies among workers at a call center. Aims: Study 1 aimed to investigate if happiness (i.e., Subjective Well-Being; SWB), Psychological Well-Being (PWB), and exercise frequency predicted workers’ performance. Study 2 aimed to test if priming thoughts of own performance lead to positive emotions. Method: In Study 1, workers (N = 107) self-reported how often they engaged in physical activity, SWB (Life Satisfaction, Positive and Negative Affect), and Psychological Well-Being. Each worker’s performance (average percent of time on the phone) was then assessed by the same system handling the calls each day over a five month period. To understand which factors contributed to performance over the five months period, we conducted structural equation-modeling analysis. In Study 2, workers (N = 104) were randomly assigned to two different conditions. In the “performance” condition participants were asked to report their own performance for the last five months, measured by the same system handling the calls, and then to report how often they had experienced different positive and negative emotions at work. In the “control” condition, participants were first asked for emotions at work and then for their own performance for the last five months. We conducted a condition (performance vs. control) x gender between-subjects ANOVA in order to test differences in positive and negative emotions at work. Results: In Study 1, high exercise frequency and high PWB predicted performance. Moreover, physical activity was also related to PWB. In Study 2, workers in the “performance” condition reported experiencing more positive emotions at work than workers in the “control” condition. Moreover, no differences in negative emotions were found between conditions. Conclusions: At least in regard to performance at call centers, the happy worker seems not to be the most productive worker. Instead, frequent exercise and characteristics such as environmental control and self-acceptance (i.e., PWB) seem to play an important role when organizations measure productivity of this type. More important, thinking about their own performance seems to boost positive emotions at call centers. In other words, the productive worker seems to be the happy worker.
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| 28. |
- Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Version of the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire
- 2017
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 14:October 2017, s. 251-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The data include responses to the Swedish version of a questionnaire used to operationalize self-regulation or regulatory mode: assessment and locomotion. The data was collected among 567 Swedish high school and university students (see D. Garcia, E. Lindskär [1]). In this article, we include the Swedish version of the Regulatory Mode Questionnaire. The data is available, SPSS file, as supplementary material in this article.
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| 29. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Personality Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As expected, compared to the normal population, the unemployed population scored one standard deviation higher in Harm Avoidance and lower in Self-directedness. Additionally, the analyses of personality profiles showed that 84.70% were high in Harm Avoidance, 65.30% low in Self-directedness, 38.30% low in Cooperativeness, and 49.50% low in Self- transcendence.
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| 30. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Personality Profiles among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2021
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Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 10:4, s. 670-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of resilience personality profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed in relation to the general Swedish population. We found that only 1.50% (vs. 26% in the general population) in the long-term unemployed sample had a resilient personality profile, that is, low in harm avoidance (e.g., relaxed and optimistic), high in persistence (e.g., hardworking), and high in self-directedness (i.e., goal-oriented and resourceful).
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| 31. |
- Granjard, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience Profiles Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
- 2020
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Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal- oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 1% of Swedish long-term unemployed had a resilient profile.
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| 32. |
- Jimmefors, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Self-regulation Dimensions and Psychological Well-Being as a Function of Affective Profiles
- 2015
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Ingår i: 27th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. New York, New York, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied differences in self-regulatory mode between individuals and its relation to psychological well-being. The backdrop of the study was the affective profiles model. The influence of psychological well-being on self- regulatory dimensions was moderated by the individual’s affective profile.
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| 33. |
- Jimmefors, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Self-regulation, Psychological Well-Being, and Swedish High School Pupils’ Academic Achievement
- 2014
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Ingår i: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACT We investigated the relationship between Swedish high school pupils’ grades and self-regulation strategies (i.e., assessment and locomotion) and psychological well-being. We found that a profile consisting of assessment orientation (i.e., assessment, comparison, and appraisal of goals/procedures) combined with self-acceptance and personal growth leads to the best study results. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background Education plays an important role on a personal level because it is related to personal control, a healthy lifestyle, greater income, employment, interpersonal relations, and social support (Mirowsky & Ross, 2003). Self-regulation is the procedure implemented by an individual striving to reach a goal and consists of two inter-related strategies: (1) the identification of the desired out-come and the appraisal of procedures to reach the desired goal (i.e., assessment), and (2) the selection between available approaches to reach the goal and the commitment to the chosen approaches until the goal is reached (i.e., locomotion) (Kruglanski et al, 2000). Self-regulation plays an essential role in academic achievement (Kruglanski et al 1994, 2000). Psychological well-being is a multi-faceted concept composed of six different intra-personal characteristics that describe the fully functional individual (Ryff, 1989). These factors are: positive relationships with others, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, autonomy, purpose in life, and personal growth. We aimed to study the relationship between academic achievement and self-regulation and psychological well-being in Swedish high school pupils. Method Participants were 160 Swedish high school pupils (111 boys and 49 girls) with an age mean of 17.74 (sd = 1.29). We used the Assessment and Locomotion Scales (Kruglanski et al., 2000) to measure self-regulation and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales short version (Clark et al., 2001) to measure well-being. Academic achievement was operationalized through pupils’ final grades in Swedish, Mathematics, English, and Physical Education. The courses take place during either one or two semesters and the grading scale ranges from F = fail to A = pass with distinction. Results Final grades in Swedish were positively related to two psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance (r = .16, p = < .05) and personal growth (r = .21, p = < .01); and to the self-regulation strategy of assessment (r = .18, p = < . 05). Final grades in Mathematics were positively related to three psychological well-being scales: self-acceptance (r = .19, p = < .05), autonomy (r = .23, p = < .01), and personal growth (r = .19, p = < .05); and also to assessment (r = .24, p = < .01). Final grades in English were positively related to one psychological well-being scale: personal growth (r = .17, p = < .05); and also to assessment (r = .27, p = < .001). Final grades in Physical Education were positively related to four psychological well-being scales: environmental mastery (r = .27, p = < .001), self-acceptance (r = .29, p = < .001), autonomy (r = .19, p = < .05), and personal growth (r = .22, p = < .01); and also to the self-regulation strategy of locomotion (r = .21, p = < .01). Conclusions The most consistent finding is that a profile consisting of assessment orientation combined with self-acceptance and personal growth leads to the best study results. This understanding is important when supporting pupils in achieving the best possible results in school and thus lay the formation for a continued successful life.
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| 34. |
- Lindskär, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Affective Profiles’ Motivation to Exercise, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise, and Propensity to Exercise During a Six-Month Period
- 2015
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Ingår i: 4th World Congress on Positive Psychology. Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Conceptualizing affect as a two system model leads to four profiles: self-fulfilling (high positive affect, low negative affect); high affective (high positive affect, high negative affect); low affective (low positive affect, low negative affect); and self-destructive (low positive affect, high negative affect). Using this model as the framework, we investigated 158 individuals’ training frequency for six months back in time (electronically measured) and its relation to motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire 2) and basic psychological needs (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale). Training frequency was not significantly different between profiles. The self-destructive profile’s training motivation was regulated by cohesions from the environment (e.g., “I train because other people say I should”) and both guiltiness (e.g., “I feel guilty when I don’t exercise”) and ability to manage the training program (i.e., competence) predicted their exercise frequency during the six months. The self-fulfilling profile scored higher in all basic psychological needs: autonomy (i.e., feeling training was their own choice), competence (i.e., being able to manage the training program), and relatedness (i.e., feeling comfortable with other people at the gym). Nevertheless, feeling social relatedness at the gym was associated to less frequent exercise for individuals with a high affective profile.
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| 35. |
- Mousavi, Fariba, et al.
(författare)
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The Dark Side (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) of The Affective Profiles
- 2015
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Ingår i: 27th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. New York, New York, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied differences in Dark Triad traits among affective profiles. The high positive affect/high negative affect profile scored higher in Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Also those with a low positive affect/ high negative affect profile scored higher in Dark Triad traits.
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| 36. |
- Nima, Ali Al, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety, Affect, Self-Esteem, and Stress: Mediation and Moderation Effects on Depression
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mediation analysis investigates whether a variable (i.e., mediator) changes in regard to an independent variable, in turn, affecting a dependent variable. Moderation analysis, on the other hand, investigates whether the statistical interaction between independent variables predict a dependent variable. Although this difference between these two types of analysis is explicit in current literature, there is still confusion with regard to the mediating and moderating effects of different variables on depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating and moderating effects of anxiety, stress, positive affect, and negative affect on depression. Methods: Two hundred and two university students (males =93, females =113) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, stress, self-esteem, positive and negative affect, and depression. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using techniques based on standard multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses. Main Findings: The results indicated that (i) anxiety partially mediated the effects of both stress and self-esteem upon depression, (ii) that stress partially mediated the effects of anxiety and positive affect upon depression, (iii) that stress completely mediated the effects of self-esteem on depression, and (iv) that there was a significant interaction between stress and negative affect, and between positive affect and negative affect upon depression. Conclusion: The study highlights different research questions that can be investigated depending on whether researchers decide to use the same variables as mediators and/or moderators.
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| 37. |
- Persson, Björn N., et al.
(författare)
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The Single Item Dirty Dark Triad (SIDDT): Exploitation of Others
- 2016
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Ingår i: 28th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A short measure of the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) showed consistent factor structure and convergent validity. Narcissism, however, didn’t contribute with information to the core constitution of the Dark Triad. Instead, a Single Item Dirty Dark Triad (SIDDT: exploitation of others), accounted for the core of the measure.
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| 38. |
- Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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A Pilot Study on Character (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Character or an individual’s relation to the self (Self-Directedness) and others (Cooperativeness) and her participation in the world as a whole (Self-Transcendence) are important ingredients for well-being. Here we found that, compared to the general population, about 73% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were low in both Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence.
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| 39. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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A Natural-Language-Definition of (Lack of)Free Will: Character, Moral Identity, and Well-Being
- 2015
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Ingår i: 8th Self Biennial International Conference. Kiel, Germany..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Participants (N = 323), recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, generated 10 words they associated to free will and 10 words they associated to the lack of free will. These words were quantified using the Latent Semantic Algorithm to create natural-language-definition of (lack)free will. Participants also reported, using psychometric measures, their own sense of free will, character, identity, and well-being. The natural-language-definition of ‘free will’ correlated to Self-transcendence (r=.11, p<.05). The natural-language-definition of ‘lack of free will’ was related to self-reported free will (r=.21, p<.001). Self-reported free will was positively related to Self-directedness (r=.42, p<.001), Moral Identity (r=.20, p<.001), Collectivism (r=.24, p<.01), Flourishing (r=.42, p<.001), and both subjective mental and physical health (r=.29, p<.001; r=.22, p<.001), while negatively related to Egoism (r=-.22, p<.001). Participants’ conceptualization of (lack of)free will was mirrored in their own sense of free will and Self-transcendence (i.e., considering oneself an integral part of the universe). Individuals’ own sense of free will was related to a self-schema that is mature, responsible, cooperative, and organized around seeing the self as, for example, caring, compassionate, fair, friendly, generous, helpful, hard-working, honest, kind. Moreover, the sense of free will was related to a healthy and flourishing profile.
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| 40. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Clustering Taboo Words in Natural Language
- 2018
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Ingår i: 30th APS Annual Convention. San Francisco, CA, USA: 24-27 May 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We used language processing analyses to cluster 8,443 taboo words that 900 participants generated when asked to list the 10 taboo words they used the most. A total of 1,062 words recurred more than once. Out of six clusters, five (Bigotry, Body, Family & Emotions, Condescending, Morality) showed gender differences.
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| 41. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Priests’ Conceptualization and Sense of Free Will: Relationships to Psychometric Measures of Personality and Well-Being
- 2015
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Ingår i: 8th SELF Biennial International Conference. August 20-24, 2015. Kiel, Germany..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish priests (N = 252) generated 10 words they associated to free will and 10 words they associated to the lack of free will. These words were quantified using the Latent Semantic Algorithm to create a natural-language-definition of (lack)free will. Priests also reported (psychometric measures) their sense of free will, temperament and character, and well-being. The natural-language-definition of ‘free will’ was related to self-reported free will (r=.25, p<.001) and Novelty Seeking (r=.22, p<.001). The natural-language-definition ‘lack of free will’ was related to self-reported level of free will (r=.20, p<.001) and Self-directedness (r=.16, p<.01). Self-reported free will was negatively related to Harm Avoidance (r=-.27, p<.001) and negative affect (r=-.22, p<.01), but positively to Persistence (r=.20, p<.01), Self-directedness (r=.39, p<.01), positive affect (r=.21, p<.01), harmony in life (r=.24, p<.001), and resilience (r=.22, p<.01). Priests’ conceptualization of (lack of)free will was mirrored in their own sense of free will, temperament (i.e., Novelty Seeking: exploratory and impulsive behavior), and character (i.e., Self-directedness: responsibility, purposefulness, resourcefulness, self-acceptance, and congruent second nature). Their own sense of free will was, in turn, related to a personality pattern that is mature, responsible, optimistic, and persevering. Moreover, the sense of free will was related to a healthy profile.
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| 42. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The A(ffective) B(ehavioral) C(ognitive) of Taboo Words in Natural Language: The Relationship Between Taboo Words’ Intensity and Frequency
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Social Psychology. - 0261-927X. ; 36:3, s. 306-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between the affective component (A: the level of offensiveness/intensity) and the behavioral component (B: the frequency of usage) of taboo words that are part of an individual’s natural language (C: the cognitive component). In Study 1, 900 US-residents generated the 10 most common taboo words they use in their daily lives (C). In Study 2, 1000 US-residents were presented with the 30 most common taboo words (C) from Study 1 and asked to rate how offensive they perceived the words (A) and how often they used these words (B). This relationship was controlled for self-reported trait affectivity. We found a slight change in which taboo words people use in everyday life. The results suggest that the level of offensiveness of taboo words (A) predicts the usage of the words (B) that are part of a person’s natural language (C): the ABC-hypothesis of taboo words.
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| 43. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The ABC of Taboo Words: The Relationship Between Intensity vs. Frequency
- 2014
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Ingår i: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two studies comprising 1,238 U.S. residents recruited from Mechanical Turk, we show that the ABC taboo-word-hypothesis suggest that the usage (B: behaviour) of known taboo words (C: cognition) can be partially predicted by the level of intensity of offensiveness perceived (A: affect) by the individual.
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| 44. |
- Rosenberg, Patricia, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The difference between living biblically and just imagining it: A study on experiential-based learning among Swedish adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: School Psychology International. - : SAGE Publications. - 0143-0343 .- 1461-7374. ; 34:5, s. 566-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an assignment in their course on worldwide religions, a group of Swedish High School pupils followed 12 biblical rules for two weeks, while another group from the same school just imagined the experience. Groups were asked to reflect and write down either how it was (experience) or how it would have been (imagine) to follow the rules. By applying a semantic test, based on a Latent Semantic Analysis generated representation of the statements, we first found that the semantic representations of the written reflections differed between the experience and imagine groups, and between gender. Analysis of word frequency count suggests that the group that followed the rules were more likely to use words related to their task in their reflections, while the group that imagined the experience generated words related to themself and problems. The results suggest that the consequences of learning by experience might culminate in greater student engagement.
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