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Sökning: WFRF:(Rosenkranz A)

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  • Winkler, TW, et al. (författare)
  • Differential and shared genetic effects on kidney function between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 580-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can progress to kidney failure. Risk factors include genetics and diabetes mellitus (DM), but little is known about their interaction. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses for estimated GFR based on serum creatinine (eGFR), separately for individuals with or without DM (nDM = 178,691, nnoDM = 1,296,113). Our genome-wide searches identified (i) seven eGFR loci with significant DM/noDM-difference, (ii) four additional novel loci with suggestive difference and (iii) 28 further novel loci (including CUBN) by allowing for potential difference. GWAS on eGFR among DM individuals identified 2 known and 27 potentially responsible loci for diabetic kidney disease. Gene prioritization highlighted 18 genes that may inform reno-protective drug development. We highlight the existence of DM-only and noDM-only effects, which can inform about the target group, if respective genes are advanced as drug targets. Largely shared effects suggest that most drug interventions to alter eGFR should be effective in DM and noDM.
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  • Nguyen, Thanh N, et al. (författare)
  • Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: A 1-Year Follow-up.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Declines in stroke admission, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), IVT, and mechanical thrombectomy over a 1-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020).We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, IVT treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the 1 year immediately before compared with 138,453 admissions during the 1-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% CI [95% CI 7.1-6.9]; p < 0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8% [5.1-4.6]; p < 0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1% [6.4-5.8]; p < 0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high-volume compared with low-volume centers (all p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7% [0.6-0.9]; p = 0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31-1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82-2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations.There was a global decline and shift to lower-volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year.This study is registered under NCT04934020.
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  • Gorski, Mathias, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic loci and prioritization of genes for kidney function decline derived from a meta-analysis of 62 longitudinal genome-wide association studies
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 102:3, s. 624-639
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reflects kidney function. Progressive eGFR-decline can lead to kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation. Hundreds of loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for eGFR help explain population cross section variability. Since the contribution of these or other loci to eGFR-decline remains largely unknown, we derived GWAS for annual eGFR-decline and meta-analyzed 62 longitudinal studies with eGFR assessed twice over time in all 343,339 individuals and in high-risk groups. We also explored different covariate adjustment. Twelve genomewide significant independent variants for eGFR-decline unadjusted or adjusted for eGFR- baseline (11 novel, one known for this phenotype), including nine variants robustly associated across models were identified. All loci for eGFR-decline were known for cross-sectional eGFR and thus distinguished a subgroup of eGFR loci. Seven of the nine variants showed variant- by-age interaction on eGFR cross section (further about 350,000 individuals), which linked genetic associations for eGFR-decline with agedependency of genetic cross- section associations. Clinically important were two to four-fold greater genetic effects on eGFR-decline in high-risk subgroups. Five variants associated also with chronic kidney disease progression mapped to genes with functional in- silico evidence (UMOD, SPATA7, GALNTL5, TPPP). An unfavorable versus favorable nine-variant genetic profile showed increased risk odds ratios of 1.35 for kidney failure (95% confidence intervals 1.03- 1.77) and 1.27 for acute kidney injury (95% confidence intervals 1.08-1.50) in over 2000 cases each, with matched controls). Thus, we provide a large data resource, genetic loci, and prioritized genes for kidney function decline, which help inform drug development pipelines revealing important insights into the age-dependency of kidney function genetics.
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  • Cicardi, M., et al. (författare)
  • Icatibant, a New Bradykinin-Receptor Antagonist, in Hereditary Angioedema
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 363:6, s. 532-541
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of angioedema of the skin, larynx, and gastrointestinal tract. Bradykinin is the key mediator of symptoms. Icatibant is a selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist. METHODS In two double-blind, randomized, multicenter trials, we evaluated the effect of icatibant in patients with hereditary angioedema presenting with cutaneous or abdominal attacks. In the For Angioedema Subcutaneous Treatment (FAST) 1 trial, patients received either icatibant or placebo; in FAST-2, patients received either icatibant or oral tranexamic acid, at a dose of 3 g daily for 2 days. Icatibant was given once, subcutaneously, at a dose of 30 mg. The primary end point was the median time to clinically significant relief of symptoms. RESULTS A total of 56 and 74 patients underwent randomization in the FAST-1 and FAST-2 trials, respectively. The primary end point was reached in 2.5 hours with icatibant versus 4.6 hours with placebo in the FAST-1 trial (P=0.14) and in 2.0 hours with icatibant versus 12.0 hours with tranexamic acid in the FAST-2 trial (P<0.001). In the FAST-1 study, 3 recipients of icatibant and 13 recipients of placebo needed treatment with rescue medication. The median time to first improvement of symptoms, as assessed by patients and by investigators, was significantly shorter with icatibant in both trials. No icatibant-related serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS In patients with hereditary angioedema having acute attacks, we found a significant benefit of icatibant as compared with tranexamic acid in one trial and a nonsignificant benefit of icatibant as compared with placebo in the other trial with regard to the primary end point. The early use of rescue medication may have obscured the benefit of icatibant in the placebo trial. (Funded by Jerini; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00097695 and NCT00500656.)
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  • Gorski, Mathias, et al. (författare)
  • Meta-analysis uncovers genome-wide significant variants for rapid kidney function decline
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier. - 0085-2538 .- 1523-1755. ; 99:4, s. 926-939
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rapid decline of glomerular filtration rate estimated from creatinine (eGFRcrea) is associated with severe clinical endpoints. In contrast to cross-sectionally assessed eGFRcrea, the genetic basis for rapid eGFRcrea decline is largely unknown. To help define this, we meta-analyzed 42 genome-wide association studies from the Chronic Kidney Diseases Genetics Consortium and United Kingdom Biobank to identify genetic loci for rapid eGFRcrea decline. Two definitions of eGFRcrea decline were used: 3 mL/min/1.73m2/year or more ("Rapid3"; encompassing 34,874 cases, 107,090 controls) and eGFRcrea decline 25% or more and eGFRcrea under 60 mL/min/1.73m2 at follow-up among those with eGFRcrea 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or more at baseline ("CKDi25"; encompassing 19,901 cases, 175,244 controls). Seven independent variants were identified across six loci for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25: consisting of five variants at four loci with genome-wide significance (near UMOD-PDILT (2), PRKAG2, WDR72, OR2S2) and two variants among 265 known eGFRcrea variants (near GATM, LARP4B). All these loci were novel for Rapid3 and/or CKDi25 and our bioinformatic follow-up prioritized variants and genes underneath these loci. The OR2S2 locus is novel for any eGFRcrea trait including interesting candidates. For the five genome-wide significant lead variants, we found supporting effects for annual change in blood urea nitrogen or cystatin-based eGFR, but not for GATM or LARP4B. Individuals at high compared to those at low genetic risk (8-14 vs 0-5 adverse alleles) had a 1.20-fold increased risk of acute kidney injury (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.33). Thus, our identified loci for rapid kidney function decline may help prioritize therapeutic targets and identify mechanisms and individuals at risk for sustained deterioration of kidney function.
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  • Nair, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Impact of asthma on the brain: evidence from diffusion MRI, CSF biomarkers and cognitive decline
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Brain Communications. - 2632-1297. ; 5:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Chronic systemic inflammation increases the risk of neurodegeneration, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Part of the challenge in reaching a nuanced understanding is the presence of multiple risk factors that interact to potentiate adverse consequences. To address modifiable risk factors and mitigate downstream effects, it is necessary, although difficult, to tease apart the contribution of an individual risk factor by accounting for concurrent factors such as advanced age, cardiovascular risk, and genetic predisposition. Using a case-control design, we investigated the influence of asthma, a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, on brain health in participants recruited to the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (31 asthma patients, 186 non-asthma controls, aged 45-90 years, 62.2% female, 92.2% cognitively unimpaired), a sample enriched for parental history of Alzheimer's disease. Asthma status was determined using detailed prescription information. We employed multi-shell diffusion weighted imaging scans and the three-compartment neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging model to assess white and gray matter microstructure. We used cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to examine evidence of Alzheimer's disease pathology, glial activation, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We evaluated cognitive changes over time using a preclinical Alzheimer cognitive composite. Using permutation analysis of linear models, we examined the moderating influence of asthma on relationships between diffusion imaging metrics, CSF biomarkers, and cognitive decline, controlling for age, sex, and cognitive status. We ran additional models controlling for cardiovascular risk and genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease, defined as a carrier of at least one apolipoprotein E (APOE) & epsilon;4 allele. Relative to controls, greater Alzheimer's disease pathology (lower amyloid-& beta;(42)/amyloid-& beta;(40), higher phosphorylated-tau-181) and synaptic degeneration (neurogranin) biomarker concentrations were associated with more adverse white matter metrics (e.g. lower neurite density, higher mean diffusivity) in patients with asthma. Higher concentrations of the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 and the glial marker S100B were associated with more salubrious white matter metrics in asthma, but not in controls. The adverse effects of age on white matter integrity were accelerated in asthma. Finally, we found evidence that in asthma, relative to controls, deterioration in white and gray matter microstructure was associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Taken together, our findings suggest that asthma accelerates white and gray matter microstructural changes associated with aging and increasing neuropathology, that in turn, are associated with more rapid cognitive decline. Effective asthma control, on the other hand, may be protective and slow progression of cognitive symptoms. Nair et al. report that changes in white matter microstructure associated with aging and increasing concentrations of CSF biomarkers of synaptic degeneration and Alzheimer's disease pathology are accelerated in patients with asthma, relative to controls. Further, these deteriorations in brain health were associated with steeper cognitive decline in asthma.
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  • Bergamo, Pedro A. de S., et al. (författare)
  • Simulation-based training and learning : A review on technology-enhanced education for the minerals industry
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Minerals Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 175
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a lack of skilled operators for mineral processing plants in the mining sector, which might be related to the challenge of creating trainings that addresses the operator’s daily work problems. In recent years, the use of simulator-based trainings as a tool to build competence has grown in many different fields. With the help of technologies like virtual reality, these tools have been demonstrated to increase awareness and the capability of workers when compared to traditional learning methods. In this paper, a review is presented on the development and application of such technologies in simulation-based training for the training of operators of the minerals industry in the last 20 years. Proposed next steps and new technologies with the potential of improving these applications are also discussed.
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  • Krones, E., et al. (författare)
  • NorUrsodeoxycholic acid ameliorates cholemic nephropathy in bile duct ligated mice
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8278. ; 67:1, s. 110-119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Severe cholestasis may cause cholemic nephropathy that can be modeled in common bile duct ligated (CBDL) mice. We aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of norursodeoxycholic acid (norUDCA) in cholemic nephropathy. Methods: In 8-week CBDL mice fed with norUDCA (prior or post CBDL) or chow we evaluated serum urea levels, urine cytology and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (uNGAL), kidney and liver tissue quantification of fibrosis by hydroxyproline content and gene chip expression looking at key genes of inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, we comprehensively analysed bile acid profiles in liver, kidney, serum and urine samples. Results: NorUDCA-fed CBDL mice had significantly lower serum urea and uNGAL levels and less severe cholemic nephropathy as demonstrated by normal urine cytology, significantly reduced tubulointerstitial nephritis, and renal fibrosis as compared to controls. NorUDCA underwent extensive metabolism to produce even more hydrophilic compounds that were significantly enriched in kidneys. Conclusion: NorUDCA ameliorates cholemic nephropathy due to the formation of highly hydrophilic metabolites enriched in kidney. Consequently, norUDCA may represent a medical treatment for cholemic nephropathy. Lay summary: The term cholemic nephropathy describes renal dysfunction together with characteristic morphological alterations of the kidney in obstructive cholestasis that can be mimicked by ligation of the common bile duct in mice. Feeding the hydrophilic bile acid norUDCA to bile duct ligated mice leads to a significant amelioration of the renal phenotype due to the formation of highly hydrophilic metabolites enriched in the kidney and may therefore represent a medical treatment for cholemic nephropathy. (C) 2017 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Nair, Ajay Kumar, et al. (författare)
  • Asthma amplifies dementia risk: Evidence from CSF biomarkers and cognitive decline.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). - : Wiley. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evidence from epidemiology, neuroimaging, and animal models indicates that asthma adversely affects the brain, but the nature and extent of neuropathophysiological impact remain unclear.We tested the hypothesis that asthma is a risk factor for dementia by comparing cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of glial activation/neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in 60 participants with asthma to 315 non-asthma age-matched control participants (45-93 years), in a sample enriched for AD risk.Participants with severe asthma had higher neurogranin concentrations compared to controls and those with mild asthma. Positive relationships between cardiovascular risk and concentrations of neurogranin and α-synuclein were amplified in severe asthma. Severe asthma also amplified the deleterious associations that apolipoprotein E ε4 carrier status, cardiovascular risk, and phosphorylated tau181/amyloid beta42 have with rate of cognitive decline.Our data suggest that severe asthma is associated with synaptic degeneration and may compound risk for dementia posed by cardiovascular disease and genetic predisposition.Those with severe asthma showed evidence of higher dementia risk than controls evidenced by: higher levels of the synaptic degeneration biomarker neurogranin regardless of cognitive status, cardiovascular or genetic risk, and controlling for demographics.steeper increase in levels of synaptic degeneration biomarkers neurogranin and α-synuclein with increasing cardiovascular risk.accelerated cognitive decline with higher cardiovascular risk, genetic predisposition, or pathological tau.
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  • Aktaa, Suleman, et al. (författare)
  • European Society of Cardiology quality indicators for the care and outcomes of adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 25:4, s. 469-477
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims: To develop a suite of quality indicators (QIs) for the evaluation of the care and outcomes for adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods and results: We followed the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) methodology for the development of QIs. This included (i) the identification of key domains of care for the management of PAH, (ii) the proposal of candidate QIs following systematic review of the literature, and (iii) the selection of a set of QIs using a modified Delphi method. The process was undertaken in parallel with the writing of the 2022 ESC/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension and involved the Task Force chairs, experts in PAH, Heart Failure Association (HFA) members and patient representatives. We identified five domains of care for patients with PAH: structural framework, diagnosis and risk stratification, initial treatment, follow-up, and outcomes. In total, 23 main and one secondary QIs for PAH were selected. Conclusion: This document presents the ESC QIs for PAH, describes their development process and offers scientific rationale for their selection. The indicators may be used to quantify and improve adherence to guideline-recommended clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
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  • Bergamo, Pedro A. de S. (författare)
  • On the use of immersive technologies in the professional education of mineral processing
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • With the advance of technology, many educators started implementing immersive technologies like simulators and gamified learning applications to improve the trainings of process operators. However, it is noted that the minerals sector is significantly behind other industries, for instance, the chemical industry, especially when it comes to the evaluation of these types of trainings. Understanding how new technologies and concepts can improve the creation and evaluation of operator trainings, would perhaps create solutions for the lack of skilled operators in the mining sector, which is partly related to the challenge of evaluating time-dependent skills. In this scenario, this research aims to access the use of immersive technologies to increase the creation of operator talent in the minerals industry. In this context, an EU-funded network called “metalintelligence” exists. Its aim is to provide innovative research and equip a new generation of leaders in the minerals processing field providing lasting novel technological and training methods to build capacity in this growing area thus further establishing the EU’s leadership position in minerals processing. Hypothetically, the research in this field, backed by strong case studies, could provide valuable hints on how the trainings of operators could be made more efficient by using new technologies and concepts such as modelling and simulation and gamification. The study conducted within this thesis project can be divided into four parts, starting with a systematic review of how immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR), educational games and simulation-based trainings have been used to teach different topics related to mining and mineral processing operations during the last 20 years. The current applications are mostly focused on hazard awareness and specific maneuvers of mining equipment, while only a few are related to the operation and management of the control rooms in mineral processing plants. During the review, it was noted that most papers found in the literature focus on the technical description of their solutions but fail to present an evaluation of the application by experts in the field. The review also found that further benefits can be achieved by employing tools like cloud solutions and gamification as these technologies can help with the collection of user data and improve the validation of technology-enhanced trainings. In the second part of this thesis, a case study is presented on how the current trainings of mineral process operators can benefit from immersive technologies. It involves the development and evaluation of a simulator-based training for froth flotation. The training was delivered to a group of operators at a greenfield process site and the analysis of the trainees’ evaluations were collected and discussed based on the first two levels of the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, a broadly used evaluation model. The reaction evaluation showed a strong satisfaction and a high learning perception from the trainees, while the learning evaluation, gathered with the help of the simulator, showed several weak spots in the training, especially when it came to teaching performance calculations. The disparity between the reaction and learning evaluations raises serious questions about evaluating trainings solely on the trainees’ feedback and goes against some principles of established evaluation methods such as Kirkpatrick’s. The third part of this study comprises the development of a training solution called “Minfloat”. It is an educational game developed in Unity3D focused on teaching the basic process behavior of froth flotation to operators and university students. It also describes the attempts to create a light-weight simulator core that could be run on a mobile device. After first testing a short-cut model, a model based on first principles was programmed and linked to the user interface. The game also includes an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) which presents concepts, examples, and questions pertinent to flotation performance calculations to the user. The principles of user experience (UX) design were used to produce assets (e.g., boxes, buttons, containers, and graphs) that could be re-used by other training developers, therefore promoting modularity, in a way that developers could use those to create their own educational games. The current game could be extended to basically every aspect of flotation, as also other mineral processes. In addition, the modules (such as assets, ITS, and graphs) could be re-used by other Unity3D developers to create trainings for topics in practically every process industry. The fourth and last part of the study involved the development of a questionnaire aiming to evaluate “Minfloat” in terms of overall quality, didactic efficacy, and inspiring character, besides having a better understanding of the target audience and outlook of the solution. To develop this questionnaire, the history of evaluation frameworks such as Kirkpatrick’s ‘Four levels’, Phillips’s ‘return on investment (ROI) based evaluation’ and Scriven’s ‘Goal-free evaluation’ are introduced to help clarifying the steps involved in assessing and evaluating a gamified educational solution like “Minfloat”.The questionnaire was applied to 25 experts in the minerals industry to access key aspects of the game-based training described earlier. From the results, three key lessons can be taken. The first is that users were, in general, satisfied with the game in terms of quality, efficacy and inspiring character. Second, users thought that the main target of the game should be university students, although novice industrial operators could also benefit from it. Third, the use of this short questionnaire, combined with the use of online forms, is a powerful tool for researchers who need a fast and efficient way to evaluate important aspects of a game and get feedback in written form.By analyzing the four parts of this research, some clear concluding benefits of the use of immersive technologies in operator training can be outlined. The first is that new engines such as Unity3D united with modelling and simulation, were proven to be powerful tools to create efficient, inspiring and non-expensive educational solutions for the process industry. Being a free software for personal or small companies, there is a big chance that, in the near future, engineering students will start using it to create their own educational trainings, and compete with larger companies which currently dominate that training market. Another contribution from this research is an evaluation form that provides training developers a way to get feedback for their application, improve their games or simulation-based trainings and produce more comprehensive articles about education in the minerals industry.The next step for this research would be to develop similar kinds of applications for other mineral beneficiation units and methods, such as comminution and hydrometallurgy. The game presented could even be expanded to teach the operation of an entire mineral processing plant. This way, university students and novice operators could learn and understand, in an inspiring way, important aspects of this type of operations, including material characterization, reagent usage, operational parameter setting, equipment design as well as financial and holistic operations of mineral processes. This development could revolutionize the teaching of mineral processes, the same way simulators leveled up the training of flight operators. However, this revolution will only occur if those immersive technologies are guided by the light of a proper and inexpensive evaluation, which will make sure that the technologies developed by academia are resonating in the same wavelength as the solutions of the industrial sector. Another aspect that immersive technologies could help with, is the declining rates of students entering university courses like mineral industry and geoscience. Digitalization solutions like the one described could help to inspire more students to choose a career in those fields, helping with the development of societies and their increasing needs for minerals. 
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  • Bergamo, Pedro A. de S., et al. (författare)
  • Use of Kirkpatrick evaluation model in simulation-based trainings for the mining industry - A case study for froth flotation
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Minerals Engineering. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Trainings play a vital role in the transference of knowledge between skilled and novice operators in the mineral industry. Evaluation is an important part of those trainings, but many trainings rely solely on the trainees’ feedback. This paper presents how technology enhancement can help produce more effective training evaluations to the mineral industry. It describes a case study involving a froth flotation simulator-based training, including details of the simulation, user interface, and the training program. The training was delivered to sixteen mining operators and evaluated by both the traditional method (trainee's feedback) and with the simulation's learning evaluation. The feedback evaluation showed a high level of satisfaction with the learning results, while the learning evaluation showed a very different training outcome, putting established evaluation methods such as Kirckpatrick's “Four levels” into question. Correlations between the learning results and the operators’ personal information such as process work, and academic experience are also presented.
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  • Jannesar Niri, Anahita, et al. (författare)
  • Sustainability challenges throughout the electric vehicle battery value chain
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 191
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The global commitment to decarbonizing the transport sector has resulted in an unabated growth in the markets for electric vehicles and their batteries. Consequently, the demand for battery raw materials is continuously growing. As an illustration, to meet the net-zero emissions targets, the electric vehicle market demand for lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite will increase 26-times, 6-times, 12-times, and 9-times respectively between 2021 and 2050. There are diverse challenges in meeting this demand, requiring the world to embrace technological and knowledge advancements and new investments without provoking conflicts between competing goals. The uncertainties in a sustainable supply of battery minerals, environmental, social and governance complexities, and geopolitical tensions throughout the whole battery value chain have shaped the global and regional concerns over the success of transport decarbonization. Here, focusing on the entire value chain of electric vehicle batteries, the approaches adopted by regulatory agencies, governments, mining companies, vehicle and battery manufacturers, and all the other stakeholders are evaluated. Bringing together all these aspects, this literature review broadens the scope for providing multifaceted solutions necessary to optimize the goal of transport decarbonization while upholding sustainability criteria. Consolidating the previously fragmented information, a solid foundation for more in-depth research on existing difficulties encountered by governmental and industrial actors is created. The outcomes of this study may serve as a baseline to develop a framework for a climate smart and resource efficient supply of batteries considering the unique impacts of individual players.
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  • Malm, L., et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic vapor sorption - A novel method for measuring the hydrophobicity in industrial-scale froth flotation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IMPC 2018 - 29th International Mineral Processing Congress. - : Science Press. - 9787030227119 ; , s. 1552-1560
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The understanding of particle surface properties is essential for the study and evaluation of froth flotation phenomena, particularly in the investigation of various chemical or reagent effects. Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) is a method used for the analysis of surface properties of powders for instance in the pharmaceutical industry. To the knowledge of the authors, it has however not been used before in applications related to mineral processing. The DVS technique involves measurement of the water uptake of a relatively small amount of sample as a function of the relative humidity (% RH) in a temperature-controlled environment. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the method and investigate how it can complement existing techniques for surface characterization in mineral processing. Four samples (feed, CuPb concentrate, Cu concentrate and Pb concentrate) from the Cu - Pb flotation process in the Garpenberg concentrator, Sweden, were analyzed by DVS and the traditional capillary absorption technique (Washburn capillary rise). This enabled comparison between the two methods and evaluation of their respective advantages and disadvantages. Both methods give the expected ranking of the hydrophobicity for CuPb concentrate, Cu concentrate and Pb concentrate, but a discrepancy was observed for the feed. Washburn gave a value for the contact angle which was in the same range as for the CuPb concentrate, whereas DVS gave a value for the moisture uptake which was much higher than for the CuPb concentrate. Thus, DVS ranks all samples correctly, but with an unexpectedly high value for the feed whereas Washburn gives good ranking for three samples out of four. Potential reasons for the discrepancies are discussed.
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  • Rosenkranz, Melissa A, et al. (författare)
  • Neuroimaging and biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration in asthma.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 149:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Epidemiologic studies have shown that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are seen more frequently with asthma, especially with greater asthma severity or exacerbation frequency.To examine the changes in brain structure that may underlie this phenomenon, we examined diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and blood-based biomarkers of AD (phosphorylated tau 181, p-Tau181), neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain, NfL), and glial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP).dMRI data were obtained in 111 individuals with asthma, ranging in disease severity from mild to severe, and 135 healthy controls. Regression analyses were used to test the relationships between asthma severity and neuroimaging measures, as well as AD pathology, neurodegeneration, and glial activation, indexed by plasma p-Tau181, NfL, and GFAP, respectively. Additional relationships were tested with cognitive function.Asthma participants had widespread and large-magnitude differences in several dMRI metrics, which were indicative of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and which were robustly associated with GFAP and, to a lesser extent, NfL. The AD biomarker p-Tau181 was only minimally associated with neuroimaging outcomes. Further, asthma severity was associated with deleterious changes in neuroimaging outcomes, which in turn were associated with slower processing speed, a test of cognitive performance.Asthma, particularly when severe, is associated with characteristics of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and may be a potential risk factor for neural injury and cognitive dysfunction. There is a need to determine how asthma may affect brain health and whether treatment directed toward characteristics of asthma associated with these risks can mitigate these effects.
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34.
  • Shi, M., et al. (författare)
  • Spectroscopic evidence for preformed Cooper pairs in the pseudogap phase of cuprates
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 88:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Angle-resolved photoemission on underdoped La1.895Sr0.105CuO4 reveals that in the pseudogap phase, the dispersion has two branches located above and below the Fermi level with a minimum at the Fermi momentum. This is characteristic of the Bogoliubov dispersion in the superconducting state. We also observe that the superconducting and pseudogaps have the same d-wave form with the same amplitude. Our observations provide direct evidence for preformed Cooper pairs, implying that the pseudogap phase is a precursor to superconductivity.
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35.
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