| 1. |
- Mårald, Erland, et al.
(author)
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Exploring the use of a dialogue process to tackle a complex and controversial issue in forest management
- 2015
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30:8, s. 749-756
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article explores the use of a dialogue process to approach complex issues related to forest management. Aninterdisciplinary research team set up an experimental dialogue process concerning the use of introduced tree speciesin Southern Sweden for the purposes of climate change adaptation. The process involved stakeholders at a regionallevel, including those with divergent opinions regarding introduced tree species and their use in forestry. Through aprocess of repeated meetings and exchanges with researchers, the participant’s knowledge was deepened and grouprelationships developed such that the group was able to jointly formulate a set of policy recommendations. Theinvestigation revealed that dialogue processes may improve decision-making by identifying priorities for action orfurther research. However, when a collaborative process targets complex environmental issues on larger geographicaland temporal scales, as matters about forests typically do, a collaborative process must be integrated with externalactors and institutions in order to attain tangible outcomes. Consequently, to fully access the benefits of usingcollaborative processes to handle complex challenges in forest policy and management, the connections betweenpolitical sphere, the private sector, authorities and research institutions must be concretely established.
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| 2. |
- Nordenvall, Caroline, et al.
(author)
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Surgical treatment in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease : A nationwide register-based study of 4695 incident patients in Sweden 2002-2014
- 2018
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In: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : Oxford University Press. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 12:2, s. 157-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Aims: The incidence of childhood-onset (<18 years) inflammatory bowel disease is increasing worldwide, and some studies suggest that it represents a more severe disease phenotype. Few nationwide, population-based studies have evaluated the surgical burden in patients with childhood-onset IBD, and whether the improved medical treatment has influenced the need for gastrointestinal surgery. The aim was to examine whether the surgical treatment at any age of patients with childhood-onset IBD has changed over time.Methods: In a nationwide cohort study we identified 4,695 children (<18 years) diagnosed with incident IBD in 2002-2014 through the Swedish Patient Register (ulcerative colitis: n=2,295; Crohn's disease: n=2,174; inflammatory bowel disease-unclassified: n=226). Abdominal (intestinal resections and colectomies) and perianal surgery were identified through the Swedish Patient Register. The cumulative incidences of surgeries were calculated using the Kaplan Meier method.Results: In the cohort, 44% were females and 56% males. The median age at inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis was 15 years and the maximum age at end of follow-up was 31 years. The three-year cumulative incidence of intestinal surgery was 5% in patients with ulcerative colitis and 7% in patients with Crohn's disease, and lower in children <6 years at inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis (3%) than in those aged 15-17 years at diagnosis (7%). Calendar period of inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis was not associated with risk of surgery.Conclusion: Over the last 13 years, the risk of surgery in childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease has remained unchanged.
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| 5. |
- Rist, Lucy, et al.
(author)
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A new paradigm for adaptive management
- 2013
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In: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 18:4, s. 63-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Uncertainty is a pervasive feature in natural resource management. Adaptive management, an approach that focuses on identifying critical uncertainties to be reduced via diagnostic management experiments, is one favored approach for tackling this reality. While adaptive management is identified as a key method in the environmental management toolbox, there remains a lack of clarity over when its use is appropriate or feasible. Its implementation is often viewed as suitable only in a limited set of circumstances. Here we restructure some of the ideas supporting this view, and show why much of the pessimism around AM may be unwarranted. We present a new framework for deciding when AM is appropriate, feasible, and subsequently successful. We thus present a new paradigm for adaptive management that shows that there are no categorical limitations to its appropriate use, the boundaries of application being defined by problem conception and the resources available to managers. In doing so we also separate adaptive management as a management tool, from the burden of failures that result from the complex policy, social, and institutional environment within which management occurs.
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| 6. |
- Rist, Lucy, et al.
(author)
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Avoiding the pitfalls of adaptive management implementation in Swedish silviculture
- 2016
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. 140-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a growing demand for alternatives to Sweden’s current dominant silvicultural system, driven by a desire to raise biomass production, meet environmental goals and mitigate climate change. However, moving towards diversified forest management that deviates from well established silvicultural practices carries many uncertainties and risks. Adaptive management is often suggested as an effective means of managing in the context of such complexities. Yet there has been scepticism over its appropriateness in cases characterised by large spatial extents, extended temporal scales and complex land ownership—characteristics typical of Swedish forestry. Drawing on published research, including a new paradigm for adaptive management, we indicate how common pitfalls can be avoided during implementation. We indicate the investment, infrastructure, and considerations necessary to benefit from adaptive management. In doing so, we show how this approach could offer a pragmatic operational model for managing the uncertainties, risks and obstacles associated with new silvicultural systems and the challenges facing Swedish forestry.
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| 7. |
- Rosvall, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Using Norway spruce clones in Swedish forestry : implications of clones for management
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:5, s. 390-404
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This final paper of the series discusses implications of various aspects of using clones in forestry. Benefits from using clones are considerable. A large benefit arises from the ability to deploy genetic gain much sooner than is possible through conventional seed orchards. This benefit applies even to the use of clones to implement family forestry, even though the clones themselves are not tested. The requirement for genetic diversity at both the stand and landscape levels requires active management to ensure that diversity is conserved. This is achieved partly through the management of breeding populations, as well as by managing the genetic diversity and number of genotypes deployed in clone mixtures. A numerical example is given comparing diversity of clone and seed orchard deployment over time. Many aspects of managing concerns about using clones are about communication to clarify public perceptions and establishing a code of practice.
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| 8. |
- Rosvall, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Using Norway spruce clones in Swedish forestry : introduction
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:5, s. 333-335
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this introductory paper, we briefly review the history of using clones in Swedish forestry. The different approaches of using clones are defined as: (1) "clonal forestry", the deployment of tested selected clones, and (2) "family forestry" with vegetative multiplication of crosses between elite parents. Clones of Norway spruce may be deployed as rooted cuttings or as propagules produced via somatic embryogenesis (SE). The speed and flexibility of using clones is compared with the traditional deployment of reforestation stock raised from seed orchard seed. The key questions addressed in this special issue are presented: (1) what are the benefits and risks of using clones in forestry, (2) what physiological and genetic effects are introduced by the SE propagation technology, (3) what are the long-term genetic consequences of changing genetic diversity by using clones, (4) what are the environmental consequences of using clones, and (5) what are the management implications from vegetatively propagated nursery stock?
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(author)
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Detection of micro-metastases by flow cytometry in lymph nodes from patients with penile cancer
- 2018
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In: BMC Urology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2490. ; 18:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The tumor draining lymph node concept was first described in penile cancer for staging. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology evaluations are routinely used in clinical practice to examine lymph nodes for metastasis. However, these methods are time-consuming with low diagnostic accuracy and micro-metastases might be missed. In this study, we aim to evaluate detection of metastatic cells in draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry.METHODS: To assess the sensitivity of micro-metastasis detection by FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting), HeLa cells were titrated into Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and expression of pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 was analyzed. Single cell suspensions were separately prepared from 10 regional lymph nodes obtained from 5 patients with invasive penile cancer undergoing radical surgery and lymph node dissection. Lymph node dereived cells were examined for cell surface expression of EpCAM, E-cadherin and intracellular expression of pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 by FACS.RESULTS: Ten lymph nodes from 5 penile cancer patients were investigated in a head-to-head comparison between FACS and pathology examination of sections. All metastatic lymph nodes verified by pathology examination were also identified by FACS. Two additional lymph nodes with micro-metastases were diagnosed by FACS only.CONCLUSIONS: FACS analyses of pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3 stained single cells from tumor draining lymph nodes can be used to detect micro-metastases in patients with penile cancer patients.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(author)
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Immune responses against autologous tumor and human papilloma virus in lymph nodes from patients with penile cancer
- 2021
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In: Investigative and Clinical Urology. - : The Korean Urological Association. - 2466-0493 .- 2466-054X. ; 62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Nearly half of penile cancers are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Investigations of tumor- and HPV-specific T cell reactivity in regional lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with penile cancer are warranted.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, single-cell suspensions from LNs and peripheral blood from 11 patients with penile cancer were stained with antibodies for lymphocyte markers and analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). DNA was extracted from the tumor tissue and HPV status was investigated by PCR.RESULTS: T-cell reactivity against autologous tumor-extract and against the HPV-vaccine Gardasil® was tested by flow-cytometric assay of specific cell-mediated immune response in activated whole blood (FASCIA). CD4+/CD8+ ratios were significantly lower in HPV positive LNs (p<0.05). Immune responses to tumor extract assessed by blast transformation and expansion in vitro, of either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells, were found in 9 of 13 LNs (69%). 5 of 6 tested patients demonstrated T cell recognition of tumor-associated antigen(s). In HPV-positive patients, dose-dependent T cell responses against L1 (late) HPV proteins (Gardasil vaccine) were demonstrated.CONCLUSIONS: LN-derived T cells from patients with penile cancer recognize tumor antigen(s) and in HPV-positive cases, there is a response against L1 (late) HPV proteins, being constituents of the Gardasil vaccine.
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(author)
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Immune responses against Human Papilloma virus in draining lymph nodes from patients with penile cancer
- 2017
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 86:4, s. 339-339
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus which accounts for 5.2% of all cancers worldwide and is a well‐known cause of cervical, vulvar, head and neck cancer, but studies on penile cancer (PC) are rare. There are more than 170 HPV strains, where HPV16 is the main strain accounting for 94.7% of all PCs. Additional studies have detected HPV DNA in both primary tumors and metastases, indicating the potential role of HPV in tumor progression. We have investigated immune responses against autologous tumor‐extract in draining lymph nodes (LNs) in colon and urinary bladder cancer. There are several indications that HPV associated malignancies eliciting a virus‐antigen‐specific immune response. HPV E6 and E7 as oncogenes are widely studied in HPV associated cancer. A study comparing different HPV antigen‐specific T cell efficiency in killing autologous HPV positive tumor cells in cervical cancer patients, suggests that L1‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are equally effective as E7‐specific CD8+ CTLs. We set out to evaluate immune responses in LNs from PC patients against the HPV vaccine Gardasil (L1). In this study, nearly half of the PC patients were detected as HPV positive by PCR. Phenotypes of the lymphocytes from LNs were characterized. We used FASCIA to investigate lymphocyte responses towards tumor‐extract and Gardasil in LNs, found a good response towards Gardasil among HPV‐positive patients but not in HPV‐negative patients. A dose dependent reactivity was observed. Strategies using HPV L1 proteins as antigens may be useful for adoptive T cell therapy of patients with PC.
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