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- Rung, A., et al.
(författare)
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Gap maps for triangular photonic crystals with a dispersive and absorbing component
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 72:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some consequences of a strong lattice resonance in the working frequency region of a 2D photonic crystal are investigated. It opens for two kinds of gaps in the dispersion relations: structure gaps and a polaritonic gap. A transverse optical oscillator model for ceramic beryllium oxide has been used to simulate the dielectric function of the polaritonic medium. The effective index of refraction is different on either side of the resonance, which causes BeO to act both as a high index material and a low index material. Gap maps for two kinds of triangular structures were calculated: BeO cylinders in air or in a high-index, nondispersive dielectric. These gap maps show appearance and disappearance of the transverse electric, transverse magnetic, and complete structure gaps as function of the packing fraction r/a, and the lattice constant a. The results illustrate the importance of whether the dielectric or the polaritonic material has the higher effective dielectric function. The effects of absorption, included by the damping parameter of the oscillator model, are briefly discussed.
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- Segal, Eran, et al.
(författare)
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Building an international consortium for tracking coronavirus health status
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 26:8, s. 1161-1165
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We call upon the research community to standardize efforts to use daily self-reported data about COVID-19 symptoms in the response to the pandemic and to form a collaborative consortium to maximize global gain while protecting participant privacy.
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- Weil, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive Mistranslation Accelerates the Evolution of Fluconazole Resistance and Induces Major Genomic and Gene Expression Alterations in Candida albicans
- 2017
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Ingår i: mSphere. - : AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY. - 2379-5042. ; 2:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regulated erroneous protein translation (adaptive mistranslation) increases proteome diversity and produces advantageous phenotypic variability in the human pathogen Candida albicans. It also increases fitness in the presence of fluconazole, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not understood. To address this question, we evolved hypermistranslating and wild-type strains in the absence and presence of fluconazole and compared their fluconazole tolerance and resistance trajectories during evolution. The data show that mistranslation increases tolerance and accelerates the acquisition of resistance to fluconazole. Genome sequencing, array-based comparative genome analysis, and gene expression profiling revealed that during the course of evolution in fluconazole, the range of mutational and gene deregulation differences was distinctively different and broader in the hypermistranslating strain, including multiple chromosome duplications, partial chromosome deletions, and polyploidy. Especially, the increased accumulation of loss-ofheterozygosity events, aneuploidy, translational and cell surface modifications, and differences in drug efflux seem to mediate more rapid drug resistance acquisition under mistranslation. Our observations support a pivotal role for adaptive mistranslation in the evolution of drug resistance in C. albicans. IMPORTANCE Infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant fungi are an increasing threat to public health because of the high mortality rates and high costs associated with treatment. Thus, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance is of crucial interest for the medical community. Here we investigated the role of regulated protein mistranslation, a characteristic mechanism used by C. albicans to diversify its proteome, in the evolution of fluconazole resistance. Such codon ambiguity is usually considered highly deleterious, yet recent studies found that mistranslation can boost adaptation in stressful environments. Our data reveal that CUG ambiguity diversifies the genome in multiple ways and that the full spectrum of drug resistance mechanisms in C. albicans goes beyond the traditional pathways that either regulate drug efflux or alter the interactions of drugs with their targets. The present work opens new avenues to understand the molecular and genetic basis of microbial drug resistance.
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- Wu, Angela R., et al.
(författare)
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Automated microfluidic chromatin immunoprecipitation from 2,000 cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0189 .- 1473-0197. ; 9:10, s. 1365-1370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful assay used to probe DNA-protein interactions. Traditional methods of implementing this assay are lengthy, Cumbersome and require a large number of cells, making it difficult to study rare cell types Such its certain cancer and stem cells. We have designed a microfluidic device to perform sensitive ChIP analysis on low cell numbers in a rapid, automated fashion while preserving the specificity of the assay. Comparing ChIP results for two modified histone protein targets, we showed our automated microfluidic ChIP (AutoChIP) from 2,000 cells to be comparable to that of conventional ChIP methods using 50,000-500,000 cells. This technology may provide a solution to the need for a high sensitivity, rapid, and automated ChIP assay. and in doing so facilitate the use of ChIP for many interesting and valuable applications.
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