| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Makelele, I. A., et al.
(författare)
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Conservative N cycling despite high atmospheric deposition in early successional African tropical lowland forests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 477, s. 743-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Across the tropics, the share of secondary versus primary forests is strongly increasing. The high rate of biomass accumulation during this secondary succession relies on the availability of essential nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Nitrogen primarily limits many young secondary forests in the tropics. However, recent studies have shown that forests of the Congo basin are subject to high inputs of atmospheric N deposition, potentially alleviating this N limitation in early succession. Methods To address this hypothesis, we assessed the N status along a successional gradient of secondary forests in the Congo basin. In a set-up of 18 plots implemented along six successional stages, we quantified year-round N deposition, N leaching, N2O emission and the N flux of litterfall and fine root assimilation. Additionally, we determined the N content and C:N stoichiometry for canopy leaves, fine roots, and litter, as well as delta N-15 of canopy leaves. Results We confirmed that these forests receive high amounts of atmospheric N deposition, with an increasing deposition as forest succession proceeds. Additionally, we noted lower C:N ratios, and higher N leaching losses, N2O emission, and foliar delta N-15 in older secondary forest (60 years). In contrast, higher foliar, litter and root C:N ratios, and lower foliar delta N-15, N leaching, and N2O emission in young (< 20 years) secondary forest were observed. Conclusions Altogether, we show that despite high N deposition, this early forest succession still shows conservative N cycling characteristics, which are likely indicating N limitation early on in secondary forest succession. As secondary succession advances, the N cycle gradually becomes more open.
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| 3. |
- Roura-Pascual, Núria, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative futures for global biological invasions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 16:5, s. 1637-1650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scenario analysis has emerged as a key tool to analyze complex and uncertain future socio-ecological developments. However, currently existing global scenarios (narratives of how the world may develop) have neglected biological invasions, a major threat to biodiversity and the economy. Here, we use a novel participatory process to develop a diverse set of global biological invasion scenarios spanning a wide range of plausible global futures through to 2050. We adapted the widely used two axes scenario analysis approach to develop four families of four scenarios each, resulting in 16 scenarios that were later clustered into four contrasting sets of futures. Our analysis highlights that socioeconomic developments and technological innovation have the potential to shape biological invasions, in addition to well-known drivers, such as climate and human land use change and global trade. Our scenarios partially align with the shared socioeconomic pathways created by the climate change research community. Several factors that drive differences in biological invasions were underrepresented in the shared socioeconomic pathways; in particular, the implementation of biosecurity policies. We argue that including factors related to public environmental awareness and technological and trade development in global scenarios and models is essential to adequately consider biological invasions in global environmental assessments and thereby obtain a more integrative picture of future social-ecological developments.
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| 4. |
- Daebeler, A., et al.
(författare)
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Soil warming and fertilization altered rates of nitrogen transformation processes and selected for adapted ammonia-oxidizing archaea in sub-arctic grassland soil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 107, s. 114-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The balance of microbial nitrogen (N) transformation processes in sub-arctic terrestrial ecosystems is most likely affected by global change, with potential feedbacks to greenhouse gas emissions and eutrophication. Soil temperature and N availability their global increases being two of the most pressing global change features- will be prime drivers of N dynamics and microbial community structure, but little is known about their interactive effects in these ecosystems. We utilized geothermally warmed soils from Iceland as a natural experiment for assessing fertilization and warming effects on gross soil N transformation processes. Experimental incubations of these soils at different temperatures coupled with a dual N-15-labelling/-tracing approach and pyrotag transcript-sequencing allowed for the analysis of independent and combined impacts of N fertilization and temperature shifts on gross N mineralisation, nitrification, and ammonium and nitrate immobilisation rates and archaeal ammonia oxidizing (AOA) communities, being the key ammonia oxidizers in this soil. Gross nitrification in warmed soil was increased in relation to ambient temperature soil and exhibited a higher temperature optimum. Concomitantly, our results revealed a selection of AOA populations adapted to in situ soil temperatures. Phylogenetically distinct populations of actively ammonia-oxidizing archaea exhibited conserved temperature optima. N mineralization and nitrification showed higher sensitivities in response to short-term temperature changes if the soils had been warmed. In part, the influence of short-term temperature changes could however be neutralized by the effects of N fertilization. Long-term N fertilization alone affected only gross N mineralization. However, all gross N transformation rates were significantly altered by the interactive effects of N fertilization and soil warming. We conclude that in order to reliably predict effects of global change on sub-arctic soil N transformation processes we need to consider multiple interactions among global change factors and to take into account the capacity of soil microbial populations to adapt to global change conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Gil, J., et al.
(författare)
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Sources of nitrous oxide and the fate of mineral nitrogen in subarctic permafrost peat soils
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 19:10, s. 2683-2698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems have received little attention, largely because they have been thought to be negligible. Recent studies, however, have shown that there are habitats in the subarctic tundra emitting N2O at high rates, such as bare peat (BP) surfaces on permafrost peatlands. Nevertheless, the processes behind N2O production in these high-emission habitats are poorly understood. In this study, we established an in situ N-15-labeling experiment with two main objectives: (1) to partition the microbial sources of N2O emitted from BP surfaces on permafrost peatlands and (2) to study the fate of ammonium and nitrate in these soils and in adjacent vegetated peat (VP) surfaces showing low N2O emissions. Our results confirm the hypothesis that denitrification is mostly responsible for the high N2O emissions from BR. During the study period, denitrification contributed similar to 79 % of the total N2O emissions from BP, whereas the contribution from ammonia oxidation was less (about 19 %). Both gross N mineralization and gross nitrification rates were higher in BP than in VP, with high C/N ratios and a low water content likely limiting N transformation processes and, consequently, N2O production in the latter soil type. Our results show that multiple factors contribute to high N2O production in BP surfaces on permafrost peatlands, with the most important factors being the absence of plants, an intermediate to high water content and a low C/N ratio, which all affect the mineral-N availability for soil microbes, including those producing N2O. The process understanding produced here is important for the development of process models that can be used to evaluate future permafrost-N feedbacks to the climate system.
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| 7. |
- Boeckx, Pascal, et al.
(författare)
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LEAKY NITROGEN CYCLE IN PRISTINE AFRICAN MOUNTAIN FOREST
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biogeomon 2014. 8th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior, July 13th – 17th, 2014, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Demey, A., et al.
(författare)
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Hemiparasitic litter additions alter gross nitrogen turnover in temperate semi-natural grassland soils
- 2014
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 68, s. 419-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemiparasitic plants accumulate nutrients in their leaves and therefore produce high-quality litter with faster decomposition and nutrient release rates compared to non-parasitic litter. Higher levels of plant-available nitrogen (N) in the presence of hemiparasitic plants have been attributed to this 'litter effect', but effects on N dynamics in the soil remain unstudied. We tested the hypothesis that litter of Rhinanthus angustifolius and Pedicularis sylvatica increases N transformation rates in the soil more than non-parasitic litter of a species mix from the same communities. We expected the litter effect to be higher in the oligotrophic Pedicularis soil compared to the mesotrophic Rhinanthus soil. Gross N transformation rates were quantified using a N-15 tracing modeling approach. Differentially N-15 labeled NH4Cl + KNO3 was added to two soils with three treatments (control, soil amended with non-parasitic litter, soil amended with Rhinanthus or Pedicularis litter) in a laboratory incubation experiment. The concentration and 15N enrichment of NH4+ and NO3 in the soil were measured at six time points within one or two weeks (depending on the soil) after label addition. Hemiparasitic litter addition increased the overall cycling of N more compared to the addition of non-parasitic litter. Relative to the non-parasitic litter, addition of Rhinanthus litter increased the net flux from organic N to NH4+ by 61% and net (autotrophic) nitrification by 80%. Addition of Pedicularis litter increased the net flux from organic N to NH4+ by 28% relative to addition of non-parasitic litter, while there was no effect on nitrification. Surprisingly, gross mineralization of organic N to NH4+ decreased with litter addition for the Rhinanthus soil (control soil > nonparasitic litter > Rhinanthus litter), while it increased with litter addition in the Pedicularis soil (control soil < non-parasitic litter < Pedicularis litter). Our results support the hypothesis that litter from hemiparasitic plants increases soil N availability more than non-parasitic litter, but contradicts the expectation that the hemiparasitic litter effect would be more pronounced in an oligotrophic as compared to a mesotrophic system. This litter-induced augmentation in soil fertility provides in addition to the parasitic suppression of hosts a second potentially important pathway by which hemiparasitic plants impact on plant community composition. However, future research on P and K return via hemiparasitic litter should be considered. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Groenigen, Jan W. van, et al.
(författare)
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The soil N cycle: new insights and key challenges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Soil. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2199-3971 .- 2199-398X. ; 1:1, s. 235-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of soil N cycling processes has been, is, and will be at the centre of attention in soil science research. The importance of N as a nutrient for all biota; the ever-increasing rates of its anthropogenic input in terrestrial (agro)ecosystems; its resultant losses to the environment; and the complexity of the biological, physical, and chemical factors that regulate N cycling processes all contribute to the necessity of further understanding, measuring, and altering the soil N cycle. Here, we review important insights with respect to the soil N cycle that have been made over the last decade, and present a personal view on the key challenges of future research. We identify three key challenges with respect to basic N cycling processes producing gaseous emissions: 1. quantifying the importance of nitrifier denitrification and its main controlling factors; 2. characterizing the greenhouse gas mitigation potential and microbiological basis for N2O consumption; 3. characterizing hotspots and hot moments of denitrification Furthermore, we identified a key challenge with respect to modelling: 1. disentangling gross N transformation rates using advanced 15N / 18O tracing models Finally, we propose four key challenges related to how ecological interactions control N cycling processes: 1. linking functional diversity of soil fauna to N cycling processes beyond mineralization; 2. determining the functional relationship between root traits and soil N cycling; 3. characterizing the control that different types of mycorrhizal symbioses exert on N cycling; 4. quantifying the contribution of non-symbiotic pathways to total N fixation fluxes in natural systems We postulate that addressing these challenges will constitute a comprehensive research agenda with respect to the N cycle for the next decade. Such an agenda would help us to meet future challenges on food and energy security, biodiversity conservation, water and air quality, and climate stability.
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| 11. |
- Hebinck, Aniek, et al.
(författare)
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Imagining transformative futures : participatory foresight for food systems change
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transformations inherently involve systems change and because of the political nature of change, are subject to contestation. A potentially effective strategy to further transformative change that builds on interdisciplinary, multiactor, and multiscalepractices and values is the use of foresight. Foresight covers a wide range of methods to systematically investigate the future. Foresight exercises offer collaborative spaces and have the potential to conceptualize and even initiate transformative change. But there is no clear understanding of the possibilities and limitations of foresight in this regard. This explorative paper builds on foresight and sociology and interrogates the role of foresight in transformative change, building on four cases. These cases are embedded in different contexts and characterized by different organizational approaches and constellations of actors. Nevertheless, they share the common goal of transformative food systems change. By reflecting on the processes that play a role in foresight workshops, we analyze what created conditions for transformative change in these four empirical cases. We have operationalized these conditions by distinguishing layers in the structuring processes that influence the impact of the foresight process. Based on this analysis, we conclude that there are three roles, ranging from modest to more ambitious, that foresight can play in transformative change: preconceptualization of change; offering an avenue for the creation of new actor networks; and creation of concrete strategies with a high chance of implementation. Furthermore, contributing to future design of foresight processes for transformative change, we offer some crucial points to consider before designing foresight processes. These include the role of leading change makers (including researchers), the risk of co-option by more regime-driven actors, and the ability to attract stakeholders to participate.
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| 12. |
- Håkansson, Charlotta, 1971-
(författare)
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Greenhouse Gas Fluxes and Carbon Sequestration in Young Norway Spruce Stands : The Effects of Fertilization
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The enormous challenge of climate change is discussed and debated today because of its major impact on life on Earth. The forests have an important role to play as the plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through their photosynthesis and the growing tree retain carbon (C). Hence, the larger the growth the greater the carbon storage and climate benefit. The demand for wood and wood products is increasing as well as the ongoing debate about forest management. Therefore, alternative management methods to increase wood production is of interest and the effects these methods could have on climate change mitigation. In this context this Thesis deals with the effect of fertilization on carbon balance and growth in young forest as well as flows of the greenhouse gases, CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from forest land. In addition, it deals also with the reliability and comparability of different measurement methods which are compared with respect to the carbon balance.The studies have been carried out in a young mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and birch (Betula pendula and B.pubescens) on a storm-felled (Gudrun 2005) area in southern Sweden, Kronoberg county. Part of the area was fertilized with 150 kg N ha-1 everysecond year from 2014 and forward, while the other part was kept unfertilized. In the unfertilized part a dose experiment was set up where 0,150, 300, and 450 kg N ha-1 were added to investigate the impact of the different fertilizer levels on forest floor greenhouse gas fluxes. Chamber measurements of forest floor fluxes, eddy-flux measurements of stand net-fluxes and tree measurements of height, diameter and birch leaf biomass were conducted in different, occasionally overlapping, periods in the years 2013-2021.The results show that even if the flows of CO2 from the forest floor increase initially after a first standard fertilization, the effect decreases quickly. The net fluxes show that the stands become carbon sinks already eight years after the storm with a net uptake of about 18 ton CO2 ha-1 yr-1 of. The forest floor fluxes of CH4 and N2O also show a short-term effect of fertilization, however the levels are very low compared to CO2. The fertilization induced increase of total tree biomass growth increased with time. The results show that 12 and 15 years after regeneration, the fertilization compared to the control has increased the tree growth by 3.4 and 6.3 m3 ha-1 yr-1 and carbon storage by 4.7 and 8.7 ton C ha-1 yr-1 respectively.Comparison of measurement results of the Eddy-flux technique's netflows and chamber measurements of soil respiration together with tree growth shows the importance of calibrating the measurement methods when the results are later to be used in modeling future climate scenarios.
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| 13. |
- Laine, M., et al.
(författare)
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Process rates of nitrogen cycle in uppermost topsoil after harvesting in no-tilled and ploughed agricultural clay soil
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 110:1, s. 39-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- No-till is considered an agricultural practice beneficial for the environment as soil erosion is decreased compared to ploughed soils. For on overall evaluation of the benefits and disadvantages of this crop production method, understanding the soil nutrient cycle is also of importance. The study was designed to obtain information about gross soil nitrogen (N) process rates in boreal no-tilled and mouldboard ploughed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) fields after autumn harvesting. In situ soil gross N transformation process rates were quantified for the 5 cm topsoil in 9 days' incubation experiment using N-15 pool dilution and tracing techniques and a numerical N-15 tracing model. Gross N mineralization into ammonium (NH4+) and NH4+ immobilization were the most important N transformation processes in the soils. The gross mineralization rate was 14% and NH4+ immobilization rate 64% higher in no-till than in ploughing. Regardless of the faster mineralization, the gross rate of NH4+ oxidation into nitrate (NO3-) in no-till was one order of magnitude lower compared the ploughing. The results indicate that the no-tilled soils have the potential to decrease the risk for NO3- leaching due to slower NH4+ oxidation.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Pérez-Granados, Cristian, et al.
(författare)
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European scenarios for future biological invasions
- 2024
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Ingår i: People and Nature. - 2575-8314. ; 6:1, s. 245-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Invasive alien species are one of the major threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, nature's contributions to people and human health. While scenarios about potential future developments have been available for other global change drivers for quite some time, we largely lack an understanding of how biological invasions might unfold in the future across spatial scales.Based on previous work on global invasion scenarios, we developed a workflow to downscale global scenarios to a regional and policy-relevant context. We applied this workflow at the European scale to create four European scenarios of biological invasions until 2050 that consider different environmental, socio-economic and socio-cultural trajectories, namely the European Alien Species Narratives (Eur-ASNs).We compared the Eur-ASNs with their previously published global counterparts (Global-ASNs), assessing changes in 26 scenario variables. This assessment showed a high consistency between global and European scenarios in the logic and assumptions of the scenario variables. However, several discrepancies in scenario variable trends were detected that could be attributed to scale differences. This suggests that the workflow is able to capture scale-dependent differences across scenarios.We also compared the Global- and Eur-ASNs with the widely used Global and European Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a set of scenarios developed in the context of climate change to capture different future socio-economic trends. Our comparison showed considerable divergences in the scenario space occupied by the different scenarios, with overall larger differences between the ASNs and SSPs than across scales (global vs. European) within the scenario initiatives.Given the differences between the ASNs and SSPs, it seems that the SSPs do not adequately capture the scenario space relevant to understanding the complex future of biological invasions. This underlines the importance of developing independent but complementary scenarios focussed on biological invasions. The downscaling workflow we implemented and presented here provides a tool to develop such scenarios across different regions and contexts. This is a major step towards an improved understanding of all major drivers of global change, including biological invasions.
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| 16. |
- Putz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Relative abundance of denitrifying and DNRA bacteria and their activity determine nitrogen retention or loss in agricultural soil
- 2018
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Ingår i: Soil Biology & Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 123, s. 97-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) competes with denitrification for nitrate (NO3-) and can result in conservation of nitrogen (N), whereas denitrification leads to gaseous losses in the form of nitrogen gas or the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, promoting DNRA bacteria in agricultural soils would be tractable, but little is known about what controls them in these systems and if management or cropping regimes can affect the competition between denitrifiers and DNRA bacteria. We hypothesized that cropping systems conserving soil organic matter (SOM) and resulting in higher C/NO3- ratios would favour DNRA over denitrification, and thereby lower the N2O emissions due to shifts in the abundances of the microbial communities involved. To test this hypothesis, we compared soil of an annual cereal rotation with a ley rotation (including barley) from a long-term field experiment, each with two different N fertilizer application rates. We quantified the gross rates of denitrification and DNRA in a(15)N tracing experiment and quantified the abundances of the functional genes for denitrification (nirK, nirS), DNRA (nrfA) and N2O reduction (nosZl, nosZII). The annual crop rotation had changed the soil properties, whereas the ley rotation prevented depletion of SOM resulting in higher C/NO3- ratios. The abundances of both nrfA and nosZ relative to the nir genes were higher in the ley soils, which correlated with significantly higher DNRA rates and lower N2O production, compared to the annual cereal rotation. We conclude that conservation of soil N and mitigation of N2O emissions can be mediated by the soil microbiome by management of SOM.
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| 17. |
- Roura-Pascual, Nuria, et al.
(författare)
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A scenario-guided strategy for the future management of biological invasions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - 1540-9295 .- 1540-9309.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future dynamics of biological invasions are highly uncertain because they depend on multiple social-ecological drivers. We used a scenario-based approach to explore potential management options for invasive species in Europe. During two workshops involving a multidisciplinary team of experts, we developed a management strategy arranged into 19 goals relating to policy, research, public awareness, and biosecurity. We conceived solutions for achieving these goals under different plausible future scenarios, and identified four interrelated recommendations around which any long-term strategy for managing invasive species can be structured: (1) a European biosecurity regime, (2) a dedicated communication strategy, (3) data standardization and management tools, and (4) a monitoring and assessment system. Finally, we assessed the feasibility of the management strategy and found substantial differences among scenarios. Collectively, our results indicate that it is time for a new strategy for managing biological invasions in Europe, one that is based on a more integrative approach across socioeconomic sectors and countries.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Rütting, Tobias, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Leaky nitrogen cycle in pristine African montane rainforest soil
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Biogeochemical Cycles. - 0886-6236. ; 29:10, s. 1754-1762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pristine humid tropical forests show simultaneously high nitrogen (N) richness and sustained loss of bioavailable N forms. To better understand this apparent upregulation of the N cycle in tropical forests, process-based understanding of soil N transformations, in geographically diverse locations, remains paramount. Field-based evidence is limited and entirely lacking for humid tropical forests on the African continent. This study aimed at filling both knowledge gaps by monitoring N losses and by conducting an in situ 15N labeling experiment in the Nyungwe tropical montane forest in Rwanda. Here we show that this tropical forest shows high nitrate (NO3−) leaching losses, confirming findings from other parts of the world. Gross N transformation rates point to an open soil N cycle with mineralized N nitrified rather than retained via immobilization; gross immobilization of NH4+ and NO3− combined accounted for 37% of gross mineralization, and plant N uptake is dominated by ammonium (NH4+). This study provided new process understanding of soil N cycling in humid tropical forests and added geographically independent evidence that humid tropical forests are characterized by soil N dynamics and N inputs sustaining bioavailable N loss.
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| 20. |
- Rütting, Tobias, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Soil nitrogen cycle unresponsive to decadal long climate change in a Tasmanian grassland
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 147:1, s. 99-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and global air temperature affect all terrestrial ecosystems and often lead to enhanced ecosystem productivity, which in turn dampens the rise in atmospheric CO2 by removing CO2 from the atmosphere. As most terrestrial ecosystems are limited in their productivity by the availability of nitrogen (N), there is concern about the persistence of this terrestrial carbon sink, as these ecosystems might develop a progressive N limitation (PNL). An increase in the gross soil N turnover may alleviate PNL, as more mineral N is made available for plant uptake. So far, climate change experiments have mainly manipulated one climatic factor only, but there is evidence that single-factor experiments usually overestimate the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we investigated how simultaneous, decadal-long increases in CO2 and temperature affect the soil gross N dynamics in a native Tasmanian grassland under C3 and C4 vegetation. Our laboratory N-15 labeling experiment showed that average gross N mineralization ranged from 4.9 to 11.3 mu g N g(-1) day(-1) across the treatment combinations, while gross nitrification was about ten-times lower. Considering all treatment combinations, no significant effect of climatic treatments or vegetation type (C3 versus C4 grasses) on soil N cycling was observed.
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| 21. |
- Vervoort, Joost M., et al.
(författare)
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9 Dimensions for evaluating how art and creative practice stimulate societal transformations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance. - 1708-3087. ; 29:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an urgent need to engage with deep leverage points in sustainability transformations-fundamental myths, paradigms, and systems of meaning making-to open new collective horizons for action. Art and creative practice are uniquely suited to help facilitate change in these deeper transformational leverage points. However, understandings of how creative practices contribute to sustainability transformations are lacking in practice and fragmented across theory and research. This lack of understanding shapes how creative practices are evaluated and therefore funded and supported, limiting their potential for transformative impact. This paper presents the 9 Dimensions tool, created to support reflective and evaluative dialogues about links between creative practice and sustainability transformations. It was developed in a transdisciplinary process between the potential users of this tool: researchers, creative practitioners, policy makers, and funders. It also brings disciplinary perspectives on societal change from evaluation theory, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and more in connection with each other and with sustainability transformations, opening new possibilities for research. The framework consists of three categories of change, and nine dimensions: changing meanings (embodying, learning, and imagining); changing connections (caring, organizing, and inspiring); and changing power (co-creating, empowering, and subverting). We describe how the 9 Dimensions tool was developed, and describe each dimension and the structure of the tool. We report on an application of the 9 Dimensions tool to 20 creative practice projects across the European project Creative Practices for Transformational Futures (CreaTures). We discuss user reflections on the potential and challenges of the tool, and discuss insights gained from the analysis of the 20 projects. Finally, we discuss how the 9 Dimensions can effectively act as a transdisciplinary research agenda bringing creative practice further in contact with transformation research.
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