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1.
  • Nilsson, Maria E., et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum by high-sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 156:7, s. 2492-502
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Accurate measurement of sex steroid concentrations in rodent serum is essential to evaluate mouse and rat models for sex steroid-related disorders. The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive and specific gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum. A major effort was invested in reaching an exceptionally high sensitivity for measuring serum estradiol concentrations. We established a GC-MS/MS assay with a lower limit of detection for estradiol, estrone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone of 0.3, 0.5, 4, 1.6, 8, 4 and 50 pg/ml, respectively, while the corresponding values for the lower limit of quantification were 0.5, 0.5, 8, 2.5, 74, 12 and 400 pg/ml, respectively. Calibration curves were linear, intra- and inter-assay CVs were low and accuracy was excellent for all analytes. The established assay was used to accurately measure a comprehensive sex steroid profile in female rats and mice according to estrus cycle phase. In addition, we characterized the impact of age, sex, gonadectomy, and estradiol treatment on serum concentrations of these sex hormones in mice. In conclusion, we have established a highly sensitive and specific GC-MS/MS method to assess a comprehensive sex steroid profile in rodent serum in a single run. This GC-MS/MS assay has, to the best of our knowledge, the best detectability reported for estradiol. Our method therefore represents an ideal tool to characterize sex steroid metabolism in a variety of sex steroid-related rodent models and in human samples with low estradiol levels.
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2.
  • Eriksson, Anna-Lena, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • The Bone Sparing Effects of 2-Methoxyestradiol Are Mediated via Estrogen Receptor-α in Male Mice.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 157:11, s. 4200-4205
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), exerts bone sparing effects in animal models. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanism is back conversion of 2ME2 to E2, which subsequently acts via estrogen receptor (ER)α. We measured serum E2 levels in orchidectomized wild-type (WT) mice treated with 2ME2 66.6 μg/d or placebo. In placebo-treated animals, E2 was below the detection limit. In 2ME2-treated mice, the serum E2 level was 4.97 ± 0.68 pg/mL. This corresponds to the level found in diesterus in cycling female mice. Next, we investigated bone parameters in orchidectomized WT and ERα knockout mice treated with 2ME2 or placebo for 35 days. 2ME2 (6.66 μg/d) preserved trabecular and cortical bone in WT mice. Trabecular volumetric-bone mineral density was 64 ± 20%, and trabecular bone volume/total volume was 60 ± 20% higher in the metaphyseal region of the femur in the 2ME2 group, compared with placebo (P < .01). Both trabecular number and trabecular thickness were increased (P < .01). Cortical bone mineral content in the diaphyseal region of the femur was 31 ± 3% higher in the 2ME2 group, compared with placebo (P < .001). This was due to larger cortical area (P < .001). Three-point bending showed an increased bone strength in WT 2ME2-treated animals compared with placebo (maximum load [Fmax] +19±5% in the 2ME2 group, P < .05). Importantly, no bone parameter was affected by 2ME2 treatment in ERα knockout mice. In conclusion, 2ME2 treatment of orchidectomized mice results in increased serum E2. ERα mediates the bone sparing effects of 2ME2. The likely mediator of this effect is E2 resulting from back conversion of 2ME2.
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3.
  • Kildsgaard, Ivana, et al. (författare)
  • Framtidens trähus - energieffektiva med god innemiljö
  • 2013
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I projektet "Framtidens Trähus - Energieffektiva med god innemiljö" har IVL som mål att miljömässigt utveckla och utvärdera energieffektiva och sunda bostäder i trä genom att delta i uppförandet av Kvarteret Portvakten i Växjö från idéstadium via byggnation och idrifttagning. Portvakten har kombinerat träbyggnadsteknik med koncept för mycket låg energianvändning, och två byggnader som ägs av Hyresbostäder i Växjö har uppförts med tekniken. Inom detta projekt analyserades byggnad (A1), som ligger på den nordvästra delen av byggplatsen som kallas Portvakten Söder. Tidigare har rapporten " Framtidens trähus – energieffektiva med god innemiljö. Documentation of project’s development, planning, and building phases. Building’s energy performance " publicerats som beskriver projektets utvecklings-, planerings- och byggfaser. I denna rapport redovisas uppföljningen av byggnad (A1) med kvalitativa och kvantitativa analyser av uppmätta energiprestanda, brukar- och drifterfarenheter samt beräkning av byggnadens miljöprestanda genom livscykelanalys (LCA) med verkliga driftdata. Även byggnad B1 har analyserats för uppmätt energiprestanda samt brukar- och drifterfarenheter för att kunna jämföra med resultaten från byggnaden A1. I energiprestandan har energianvändning uppmätts för uppvärmning, varmvattenanvändning, elanvändning (hushålls- och fastighetsel), återvunnen energi från avloppsvattenvärmeväxlaren och inomhustemperaturen registrerats i några representativa lägenheter. Under den analyserade perioden var den uppmätta energianvändningen för uppvärmning (normaliserad) mer än dubbel så hög jämfört med beräknade värden (22,2 kWh/m2 jämfört med 8,9 kWh/m2). Förklaringen tros ligga i injusteringsproblem av tekniska system, låg uthyrningsgrad och hur brukarna nyttjat lägenheterna under den analyserade perioden. Den köpta volymen av tappvarmvatten är nästan hälften av svenska genomsnittet för 2009, vilket är i linje med den beräknade mängden som ges i de svenska frivilliga passivhuskriterierna [12]. Om uppmätt energianvändning för uppvärmning och varmvatten justeras till 100% uthyrningsgrad motsvarar denna siffra en fjärdedel av den energi som används i ett genomsnittligt svenskt flerfamiljshus (under perioden 2005-2009) [27]. Fastighetsel, som förutom el för belysning av gemensamma utrymmen och hiss inbegriper el för fläktar och pumpar, utgör en betydande post, motsvarande nästan 20% av den totala energi som används i byggnaden A1. Under den analyserade perioden motsvarar det dubbelt så mycket jämfört med rekommendationerna i de svenska frivilliga passivhuskriterierna.  Inomhustemperaturer under sommarperioden, vilket var ett bekymmer under projektets utvecklingsfas, visade goda resultat under mätperioden. Inomhustemperaturen var jämn i de övervakade lägenheterna oavsett deras läge och beläggning (uthyrningsgrad). Effektiviteten av avloppsvärmeväxlaren kunde inte bedömas på grund av den låga uthyrningsgraden av huset. Den totala viktade köpta energin i Portvakten Söder var 61,1 kWh/m2a (Byggnad A1) och 45 kWh/m2a (Byggnad B1), vilket var lägre för båda byggandera jämfört med andra energisnåla flerbostadshus, som Värnamo, Frillesås, Lidköping, och de renoverade lägenheterna i Brogården i Alingsås. Skillnaden i uppmätt energiprestanda mellan byggnaderna A1 och B2 kan förklaras av hur elanvändningen för fastighetselen i de två byggnaderna mäts. Elmätaren för fastighetselen i byggnaden A1 registrerar även el som används i förrådet (separat byggnad) där pumpar för vattencirkulationen för båda byggnaderna är belägna. Livscykelanalysen av Portvakten Söders byggnad visar att den minskade energianvändningen för uppvärmning gör att hushållselsanvändning nu står för den procentuellt största andelen av primärenergianvändningen sett på 60 års drift. En lösning skulle kunna vara att installera solceller för att minska denna miljöpåverkan, men då ska analysen också inkludera miljöpåverkan från produktion och drift av solceller. Den minskade energianvändningen för uppvärmning får vidare effekten att den procentuella andelen av den totala miljöpåverkan från produktion av byggmaterial ökar. En slutsats från utvärderingen är att analys av energiprestanda under första årets drift bör undvikas. Ytterligare en vintersäsong bör förlöpa för justering av system under en mer normal uthyrningsgrad av lägenheter. Detta blir särskilt viktigt för lågenergihus där energiåtervinning från människor och apparater ingår i energikonceptet. Även avloppsvärmeväxlaren kräver att byggnaden är fullt belagd för att kunna fungera optimalt.
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4.
  • Lidskog, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Experimental and Computational Models for Side Chain Discrimination in Peptide–Protein Interactions
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 27:42, s. 10883-10897
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A bis(18-crown-6) Tröger's base receptor and 4-substituted hepta-1,7-diyl bisammonium salt ligands have been used as a model system to study the interactions between non-polar side chains of peptides and an aromatic cavity of a protein. NMR titrations and NOESY/ROESY NMR spectroscopy were used to analyze the discrimination of the ligands by the receptor based on the substituent of the ligand, both quantitatively (free binding energies) and qualitatively (conformations). The analysis showed that an all-anti conformation of the heptane chain was preferred for most of the ligands, both free and when bound to the receptor, and that for all of the receptor-ligand complexes, the substituent was located inside or partly inside of the aromatic cavity of the receptor. We estimated the free binding energy of a methyl- and a phenyl group to an aromatic cavity, via CH-π, and combined aromatic CH-π and π-π interactions to be −1.7 and −3.3 kJ mol−1, respectively. The experimental results were used to assess the accuracy of different computational methods, including molecular mechanics (MM) and density functional theory (DFT) methods, showing that MM was superior.
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5.
  • Lundell, Anna-Carin, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Umbilical Cord Blood Androgen Levels in Girls and Boys Assessed by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 171, s. 195-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Androgen exposure of the fetus during gestation plays an important role in human physiology and pathophysiology, but assessment of androgens, in particular dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in human umbilical cord blood is technically challenging. The aim of this study was to assess umbilical cord androgen levels, including DHT, at birth by a highly sensitive assay, and study their association with sex of the infant, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and gestational age at delivery. Swedish infants (27 girls, 26 boys) were recruited at maternity care clinics in Southern Sweden. Umbilical cord blood levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, testosterone and DHT at delivery were assessed by a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. Cord blood levels of DHT were 2.4-fold higher in boys (median 27.8pg/mL) than in girls (11.5pg/mL), while the sex difference was less pronounced for testosterone (1.3-fold higher in boys) and non-significant for DHEA and androstenedione. Gestational age at delivery associated inversely with DHT levels in boys and with DHEA levels in girls. There was a strong inverse correlation between SHBG and DHEA in both sexes, while there were no associations between SHBG and testosterone or DHT levels. In conclusion, using state of the art technology, we report that there is a pronounced sexual dimorphism in human umbilical cord blood DHT levels. The possibility to assess a complete androgen profile in human cord blood opens up for future increased understanding of the biological impact of the fetal androgen milieu.
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6.
  • Almemark, Mats, et al. (författare)
  • Aktiva badhus
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Projektet syftar till att ta fram ett underlag som kan ligga till grund för de val man gör som anläggningsägare då en simhall med all kringutrustning skall utformas och byggas, i syfte att såväl byggnation som drift av badhusen ska genomföras på ett så miljö- och hälsomässigt samt ekonomiskt hållbart sätt som möjligt. De aspekter som behandlas är energianvändning, vattenrening, ventilation och innemiljö, driftsoptimering genom simulering av driften med en simuleringsmodell som har tagits fram inom ramen för projektet samt städmetoder. Den övervägande delen av befintliga badhus är utrustade med reningsanläggningar bestående av sandfilter med flockningssteg. I stort sett alla badhus använder klor för att desinficera badvattnet. I och med att problemen med bildning av desinfektionsbiprodukter uppmärksammats i en allt större utsträckning på senare tid så har kompletterande reningssteg tillförts. Membranfiltrering för rening av badvatten har länge varit en allt för energikrävande teknik och därför inte setts som ett gångbart alternativ till sandfilter. Det finns dock en potential för att använda membranteknik i större utsträckning framöver då tekniken utvecklats och idag inte är lika energikrävande som förr. Rent teoretiskt så är energibehovet för membranfiltrering i samma storleksordning som för sandfilter. De badhus som studerats i detta projekt har använt klor för att desinficera bassängvattnet. Inom ramen för projektet har energianvändningen i tre badhus kartlagts, och förslag till energieffektiviseringsåtgärder har tagits fram. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt effektivisera energianvändningen i badhus med i storleksordningen 70 procent jämfört med dagens nivåer, vilket avsevärt förbättrar såväl miljöprestanda som den ekonomiska bärkraften för anläggningarna.
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7.
  • Andersson, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • go: NEUTRAL
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • go: NEUTRAL är ett samarbete mellan Skanska, ÅF, Siemens, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och Business Region Göteborg som syftar till att öka möjligheterna att utveckla energieffektiva och hållbara lösningar genom att få till en samverkan mellan olika aktörer i byggbranschen i ett tidigt skede. Det övergripande målet med förstudien är att börja utveckla, testa och tillämpa en modell för tidig samverkan i profilprojekt för innovativt hållbart byggande. Ett delmål är att definiera och utveckla vilka hållbarhetskriterier som ska gälla för samarbetet. Detta har utförts genom att utveckla ett koncept kring namnet go: NEUTRAL. I förstudien presenteras en preliminär utformning av mål för konceptet go: NEUTRAL bestående av ett övergripande mål och tre delmål. För att lyckas med samverkan kring hållbarhetsfrågor i byggprocessen krävs kunskap om hur man kan skapa förutsättningar för tidig samverkan. För att skaffa denna kunskap har följande sammanställningar utförts under förstudien: Kartläggning av olika aktörers motiv till tidig samverkan, Identifiering av hinder för tidig samverkan, samt Identifiering av områden som är viktiga att beakta för att skapa goda förutsättningar för tidig samverkan. Konceptet go: NEUTRAL är skapat och förutsättningar för samverkan är undersökta, men inte färdigutvecklat. Förstudiens plan för vidare arbete är uppdelad i tre områden: a) Fastställ ramar för samverkan mellan parter, b) vidareutveckla konceptet go: NEUTRAL, samt c) utveckla processen.
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8.
  • Andersson, Johanna, et al. (författare)
  • go: NEUTRAL - Förstudie
  • 2014
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inom byggbranschen har utvecklingen av energibesparande åtgärder och byggnation med material och komponenter som leder till lägre energianvändning, klimatpåverkan och resursbesparing påskyndats genom att medvetenheten om klimatfrågans betydelse och den byggda miljöns bidrag till de totala utsläppen har ökat. Exploateringsprojekt är begränsad i budget, bygger på samverkan mellan många aktörer och genomförs under stor tidspress. I dessa projekt används ofta beprövad och etablerade tekniska lösningar, vilket medför att utrymmet för innovationer begränsas och därmed att projektets potentiella bidrag till en hållbar stadsutveckling inte utnyttjas fullt ut. För att få till en samverkan mellan olika aktörer i ett tidigit skede, och därmed öka möjlighetena att utveckla energi- och klimateffektiva samt hållbara lösningar, initierade Skanska detta projekt som gavs nament go: NETURAL. Övriga medverkande aktörer i projektet är ÅF, Siemens, Business Region Göteborg och IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet.
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9.
  • Bengtsson-Palme, Johan, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Improved software detection and extraction of ITS1 and ITS2 from ribosomal ITS sequences of fungi and other eukaryotes for analysis of environmental sequencing data
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - 2041-210X. ; 4:10, s. 914-919
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the primary choice for molecular identification of fungi. Its two highly variable spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) are usually species specific, whereas the intercalary 5.8S gene is highly conserved. For sequence clustering and blast searches, it is often advantageous to rely on either one of the variable spacers but not the conserved 5.8S gene. To identify and extract ITS1 and ITS2 from large taxonomic and environmental data sets is, however, often difficult, and many ITS sequences are incorrectly delimited in the public sequence databases. We introduce ITSx, a Perl-based software tool to extract ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 – as well as full-length ITS sequences – from both Sanger and high-throughput sequencing data sets. ITSx uses hidden Markov models computed from large alignments of a total of 20 groups of eukaryotes, including fungi, metazoans and plants, and the sequence extraction is based on the predicted positions of the ribosomal genes in the sequences. ITSx has a very high proportion of true-positive extractions and a low proportion of false-positive extractions. Additionally, process parallelization permits expedient analyses of very large data sets, such as a one million sequence amplicon pyrosequencing data set. ITSx is rich in features and written to be easily incorporated into automated sequence analysis pipelines. ITSx paves the way for more sensitive blast searches and sequence clustering operations for the ITS region in eukaryotes. The software also permits elimination of non-ITS sequences from any data set. This is particularly useful for amplicon-based next-generation sequencing data sets, where insidious non-target sequences are often found among the target sequences. Such non-target sequences are difficult to find by other means and would contribute noise to diversity estimates if left in the data set.
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11.
  • Bernhard, Jonte, et al. (författare)
  • Practical Epistemic Cognition in a Design Project - Engineering Students Developing Epistemic Fluency
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Education. - : IEEE. - 0018-9359 .- 1557-9638. ; 62:3, s. 216-225
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Contribution: This paper reports engineering students' practical epistemic cognition by studying their interactional work in situ. Studying "epistemologies in action'' the study breaks away from mainstream approaches that describe this in terms of beliefs or of stage theories.Background: In epistemology, knowledge is traditionally seen as "justified true belief'', neglecting knowledge related to action. Interest has increased in studying the epistemologies people use in situated action, and their development of epistemic fluency. How appropriate such approaches are in engineering and design education need further investigation.Research Questions: 1) How do students in the context of a design project use epistemic tools in their interactional work? and 2) What are the implications of the findings in terms of how students' cognitive and epistemological development could be conceptualized?Methodology: A collaborative group of six students were video recorded on the 14th day of a fifth-semester design project, as they were preparing for a formal critique session. The entire, almost 6 h, session was recorded by four video cameras mounted in the design studio, with an additional fifth body-mounted camera. The video data collected was analyzed using video ethnographic, conversation analysis, and embodied interaction analysis methods.Findings: The results show that the students use a wealth of bodily material resources as an integral and seamless part of their interactions as epistemic tools, in their joint production of understanding and imagining. The analysis also suggests that students' epistemological and cognitive development, individually and as a group, should be understood in terms of developing "epistemic fluency.'' 
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13.
  • Furneaux, Brendan R., et al. (författare)
  • Both ectomycorrhizal tree diversity and soil characteristics structure ectomycorrhizal mushroom communities, and production in Sudanian savanna woodlands
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) are a symbiosis between plant and fungi where the plant get nutrients and other benefits from the fungi while the fungi get energy rich carbon compounds from the plant.Many ECM fungi form fleshy fruitbodies, including many choice edible mushrooms.Sudanian savanna woodlands are a tropical ecosystem that has a large proportion of ECM trees, but is under severe threat due to human activities.Based on three mushroom seasons of biweekly frutingbody collection we analyze the environmental factors driving the structure of the ECM community, including: composition, diversity, richness and biomass production.As wild edible mushrooms are an important food supplement in the region, we also analyzed the community structure of local choice edibles specifically.Different types of factors have been shown to influence different systems so we consequently take a comprehensive approach to what environmental factors are investigated, including ECM tree community structure, microclimate, and soil characteristics.We find that the spatial variation in ECM fungal community structure within our study area is larger than the variation in ECM fungal community structure of the study area between years.The richness of ECM host trees influenced all aspects of the spatial community structure, with a positive effect on diversity, richness, and biomass production.Microclimate also had an affect on all aspects of the community structure, but the relative importance of soil temperature and soil moisture varied.Soil characteristics were the strongest correlates of species diversity and richness, as well as biomass production, with soil nitrogen levels found to have a negative effect while phosphorus had a positive effect.Soil characteristicss were not found to be important to species composition, but this may be due to lack of statistical power, since the sampling size was lower for these factors than the others.Despite our comprehensive measurements, most of the spatial variation was not explained by any of the included factors.This variation may be due to unmeasured environmental, individual, or population level factors.
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15.
  • Furneaux, Brendan R., et al. (författare)
  • Long- and short-read metabarcoding technologies reveal similar spatiotemporal structures in fungal communities
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 21:6, s. 1833-1849
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fungi form diverse communities and play essential roles in many terrestrial ecosystems, yet there are methodological challenges in taxonomic and phylogenetic placement of fungi from environmental sequences. To address such challenges, we investigated spatiotemporal structure of a fungal community using soil metabarcoding with four different sequencing strategies: short-amplicon sequencing of the ITS2 region (300-400 bp) with Illumina MiSeq, Ion Torrent Ion S5 and PacBio RS II, all from the same PCR library, as well as long-amplicon sequencing of the full ITS and partial LSU regions (1200-1600 bp) with PacBio RS II. Resulting community structure and diversity depended more on statistical method than sequencing technology. The use of long-amplicon sequencing enables construction of a phylogenetic tree from metabarcoding reads, which facilitates taxonomic identification of sequences. However, long reads present issues for denoising algorithms in diverse communities. We present a solution that splits the reads into shorter homologous regions prior to denoising, and then reconstructs the full denoised reads. In the choice between short and long amplicons, we suggest a hybrid approach using short amplicons for sampling breadth and depth, and long amplicons to characterize the local species pool for improved identification and phylogenetic analyses.
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18.
  • Henriksson, Anna Ryberg, et al. (författare)
  • Waste from private cars in 2030
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Towards Sustainable Waste Management (TOSUWAMA) is an interdisciplinary research programme on policy instruments and strategic decisions that can contribute to developing waste management in a more sustainable direction. It includes ten different projects. One of these, “Future waste quantities”, aims to investigate how the quantity of waste develops in different future scenarios for the year 2030. For this purpose we apply the Environmental Medium term EConomic model (EMEC), a computational general equilibrium model of the Swedish economy. EMEC estimates the waste quantities in the year 2030 based on the projected economic activities (investments, production, etc.) in that year. However, the quantity of waste from long-life products − such as buildings, vehicles, and appliances – might not be linked to the level of investment and production in that year but to the level of investments and production in the decades before that. This report presents a complementary study where the waste quantity is instead estimated based on the technical life-time of long-life products. An initial screening procedure (Chapter 2) indicates that the waste from old buildings and, to some extent, appliances is related to the economic activity in 2030 and, hence, rather well modelled with EMEC. The quantity of waste from vehicles other than private cars appears to be rather small and does not require a specific investigation. In the end, discarded private cars is the only waste fraction where an analysis based on the technical life-time can contribute significantly to the estimate of waste quantities in 2030. The analysis of the quantity of private cars that are discarded in 2030 is based on estimates of the life-time of cars, of the number of new cars in Sweden in 2015 and 2020, and of the average weight of these cars. We also investigate the material composition of the cars. Our results indicate that EMEC overestimates the quantity of discarded vehicles by 25-100%. There are sources of errors also in our study, but the difference in results should still be taken into account when conclusions are based on EMEC results and the quantity of discarded vehicles is a significant issue.
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19.
  • Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Improved cortisol exposure-time profile and outcome in patients with adrenal insufficiency : a prospective randomised trial of a novel hydrocortisone dual-release formulation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 97:2, s. 473-481
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Context: Patients with treated adrenal insufficiency (AI) have increased morbidity and mortality rate. Our goal was to improve outcome by developing a once-daily (OD) oral hydrocortisone dual-release tablet with a more physiological exposure-time cortisol profile.Objective: The aim was to compare pharmacokinetics and metabolic outcome between OD and the same daily dose of thrice-daily (TID) dose of conventional hydrocortisone tablets.Design and Setting: We conducted an open, randomized, two-period, 12-wk crossover multicenter trial with a 24-wk extension at five university hospital centers.Patients: The trial enrolled 64 adults with primary AI; 11 had concomitant diabetes mellitus (DM).Intervention: The same daily dose of hydrocortisone was administered as OD dual-release or TID.Main Outcome Measure: We evaluated cortisol pharmacokinetics.Results: Compared with conventional TID, OD provided a sustained serum cortisol profile 0-4 h after the morning intake and reduced the late afternoon and the 24-h cortisol exposure. The mean weight (difference = -0.7 kg, P = 0.005), systolic blood pressure (difference = -5.5 mm Hg, P = 0.0001) and diastolic blood pressure (difference: -2.3 mm Hg; P = 0.03), and glycated hemoglobin (absolute difference = -0.1%, P = 0.0006) were all reduced after OD compared with TID at 12 wk. Compared with TID, a reduction in glycated hemoglobin by 0.6% was observed in patients with concomitant DM during OD (P = 0.004).Conclusion: The OD dual-release tablet provided a more circadian-based serum cortisol profile. Reduced body weight, reduced blood pressure, and improved glucose metabolism were observed during OD treatment. In particular, glucose metabolism improved in patients with concomitant DM.
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20.
  • Kalsoom Khan, Faheema, et al. (författare)
  • Naming the untouchable - environmental sequences and niche partitioning as taxonomical evidence in fungi
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : BMC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to their submerged and cryptic lifestyle, the vast majority of fungal species are difficult to observe and describe morphologically, and many remain known to science only from sequences detected in environmental samples. The lack of practices to delimit and name most fungal species is a staggering limitation to communication and interpretation of ecology and evolution in kingdom Fungi. Here, we use environmental sequence data as taxonomical evidence and combine phylogenetic and ecological data to generate and test species hypotheses in the class Archaeorhizomycetes (Taphrinomycotina, Ascomycota). Based on environmental amplicon sequencing from a well-studied Swedish pine forest podzol soil, we generate 68 distinct species hypotheses of Archaeorhizomycetes, of which two correspond to the only described species in the class. Nine of the species hypotheses represent 78% of the sequenced Archaeorhizomycetes community, and are supported by long read data that form the backbone for delimiting species hypothesis based on phylogenetic branch lengths. Soil fungal communities are shaped by environmental filtering and competitive exclusion so that closely related species are less likely to co-occur in a niche if adaptive traits are evolutionarily conserved. In soil profiles, distinct vertical horizons represent a testable niche dimension, and we found significantly differential distribution across samples for a well-supported pair of sister species hypotheses. Based on the combination of phylogenetic and ecological evidence, we identify two novel species for which we provide molecular diagnostics and propose names. While environmental sequences cannot be automatically translated to species, they can be used to generate phylogenetically distinct species hypotheses that can be further tested using sequences as ecological evidence. We conclude that in the case of abundantly and frequently observed species, environmental sequences can support species recognition in the absences of physical specimens, while rare taxa remain uncaptured at our sampling and sequencing intensity.
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21.
  • Karlsson, Anneli, et al. (författare)
  • Association between cagA and vacA genotypes and pathogenesis in a Helicobacter pylori infected population from South-eastern Sweden
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2180. ; 12:129
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • UNLABELLED: ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND: Chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer have been shown to be related to infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Two major virulence factors of H. pylori, CagA and VacA, have been associated with these sequelae of the infection. In this study, total DNA was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens to assess the cagA and vacA genotypes.RESULTS: Variations in H. pylori cagA EPIYA motifs and the mosaic structure of vacA s/m/i/d regions were analysed in 155 H. pylori-positive gastric biopsies from 71 individuals using PCR and sequencing. Analysis of a possible association between cagA and vacA genotypes and gastroduodenal pathogenesis was made by logistic regression analysis. We found that H. pylori strains with variation in the number of cagA EPIYA motif variants present in the same biopsy correlated with peptic ulcer, while occurrence of two or more EPIYA-C motifs was associated with atrophy in the gastric mucosa. No statistically significant relation between vacA genotypes and gastroduodenal pathogenesis was observed.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that cagA genotypes may be important determinants in the development of gastroduodenal sequelae of H. pylori infection. In contrast to other studies, vacA genotypes were not related to disease progression or outcome. In order to fully understand the relations between cagA, vacA and gastroduodenal pathogenesis, the mechanisms by which CagA and VacA act and interact need to be further investigated.
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22.
  • Karlsson, Anneli, et al. (författare)
  • Variation in number of cagA EPIYA-C phosphorylation motifs between cultured Helicobacter pylori and biopsy strain DNA
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 1567-1348 .- 1567-7257. ; 12:1, s. 175-179
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Helicobacter pylori cagA gene encodes a cytotoxin which is activated by phosphorylation after entering the host epithelial cell. Phosphorylation occurs on specific tyrosine residues within EPIYA motifs in the variable 3'-region. Four different cagA EPIYA motifs have been defined according to the surrounding amino acid sequence; EPIYA-A, -B, -C and -D. Commonly, EPIYA-A and -B are followed by one or more EPIYA-C or -D motif. Due to observed discrepancies in cagA genotypes in cultured H. pylori and the corresponding DNA extracts it has been suggested that genotyping assays preferentially should be performed directly on DNA isolated from biopsy specimens. Gastric biopsies randomly selected from a Swedish cohort were homogenised and used for both direct DNA isolation and for H. pylori specific culturing and subsequent DNA isolation. In 123 of 153 biopsy specimens, the cagA EPIYA genotypes were in agreement with the corresponding cultured H. pylori strains. A higher proportion of mixed cagA EPIYA genotypes were found in the remaining 30 biopsy specimens. Cloning and sequencing of selected cagA EPIYA amplicons revealed variations in number of cagA EPIYA-C motifs in the mixed amplicons. The study demonstrates that culturing of H. pylori introduces a bias in the number of EPIYA-C motif. Consistent with other H. pylori virulence genotyping studies, we suggest that cagA EPIYA analysis should be performed using total DNA isolated from biopsy specimens.
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23.
  • Kluting, Kerri (författare)
  • Fungal molecular ecology in boreal forests and challenges associated with unidentified environmental DNA sequences
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Many fungi are characteristically difficult to observe and collect, making the process of documenting the world’s fungal diversity challenging. The vast majority of fungal species are undescribed. The use of DNA sequencing technologies has revolutionized the study of fungal diversity by facilitating the detection of new species, the investigation of community  structure and dynamics, and the elucidation of evolutionary relationships. In this dissertation, I focus on filling in some of the many gaps in our understanding of fungal diversity and community ecology in boreal pine forests through the use of DNA sequence data. In the first half of this thesis, a metabarcoding approach is used to study the composition of fungal communities found in the soil of a Lithuanian coastal pine forest and in association with the bark beetle Tomicus piniperda in Swedish pine forests. In the second half, two different approaches are taken to describe taxa detected in environmental DNA. In paper I, I demonstrate how soil microhabitats, defined based on mineral vs organic soil type and root presence or absence, vary with respect to a suite of abiotic factors and shape fungal community composition belowground. These microhabitats support functionally and taxonomically distinct fungal communities and support the overall fungal diversity of the site through niche variation. In paper II, the relationships between a) the fungal communities found on and in bark beetles from forests that have been affected by forest fire and forests that have not, b) pine phloem that has been colonized by bark beetles and phloem that has not at two different post-colonization time points, and c) phloem chemical nutrients are described. In paper III, the diversity of species within the fungal class Archaeorhizomycetes in the soil of a Swedish pine forest was studied, and two new species are described using an integrative taxonomic approach that relies on environmental DNA sequence data as taxonomical evidence. Finally, in paper IV, a new class is described to accommodate a lineage previously detected in environmental DNA, and its first known species is described based on isolates collected during the study of paper III, one of which serves as the type specimen.
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24.
  • Kluting, Kerri L., et al. (författare)
  • Another dark taxon comes to light: Eludereomycetes, class nov. (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota), and its first known living representative, Eluderea minerophilus, gen. et sp. nov.
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Only a small fraction of the world’s fungi is described, and the large number of unnamed fungal sequences from environmental DNA serves as a significant complication for taxonomic identification in metabarcoding studies.  There are several deeply diverged fungal lineages—some hypothesized to represent class and order ranks—currently known only by environmental DNA sequences that represent them.  Here, we describe a previously unidentified fungal culture as the first living representative of one of these lineages (previously referred to as ‘clade GS25’, hypothesized as an early diverging lineage sister to the Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) and present its sequenced genome.  We used a phylogenomic approach to test the placement and taxonomic rank of this lineage.  We formally describe the first known species in Eludereomycetes, class nov. (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota): Eluderea minerophilus, gen. et sp. nov.  This species was isolated from Pinus sylvestris roots collected from a Swedish pine forest, where previously published environmental sequencing data from the site indicate that it is almost exclusively found in the deeper mineral soil horizons.  Our analysis shows that the most closely related described species to E. minerophilus likely belongs to the Classiculomycetes, a class within the Pucciniomycotina that is morphologically, molecularly, and ecologically distinct from the Eludereomycetes.  Identification of a living representative for this lineage previously detected in environmental DNA, ‘clade GS25’, and describing it as a new species was a somewhat serendipitous discovery made possible in part due to characteristics of two previously published studies.  We call attention to some of these aspects and propose a set of practices that could be adopted by the research community to help facilitate more connections between living fungus and environmental DNA sequence.  The use of such practices would in turn help to alleviate some of the complications associated with unidentified fungal DNA sequences in reference databases and contribute towards a more complete understanding of fungal diversity.
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25.
  • Lakshmikanth, Tadepally, et al. (författare)
  • Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 633:8028, s. 155-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions present differently in males and females. SARS-CoV-2 infection in naive males is associated with increased risk of death, whereas females are at increased risk of long COVID, similar to observations in other infections. Females respond more strongly to vaccines, and adverse reactions are more frequent, like most autoimmune diseases. Immunological sex differences stem from genetic, hormonal and behavioural factors but their relative importance is only partially understood. In individuals assigned female sex at birth and undergoing gender-affirming testosterone therapy (trans men), hormone concentrations change markedly but the immunological consequences are poorly understood. Here we performed longitudinal systems-level analyses in 23 trans men and found that testosterone modulates a cross-regulated axis between type-I interferon and tumour necrosis factor. This is mediated by functional attenuation of type-I interferon responses in both plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes. Conversely, testosterone potentiates monocyte responses leading to increased tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 production and downstream activation of nuclear factor kappa B-regulated genes and potentiation of interferon-γ responses, primarily in natural killer cells. These findings in trans men are corroborated by sex-divergent responses in public datasets and illustrate the dynamic regulation of human immunity by sex hormones, with implications for the health of individuals undergoing hormone therapy and our understanding of sex-divergent immune responses in cisgender individuals.
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26.
  • Linder, Anna, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Queera rörliga bilder : Queer moving images
  • 2017
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Queer Moving Images and the Fragility and Temporality of Their Existence – Curatorial and artistic issues on moving images in a queer context. Queer Moving Images includes texts, talks, films, music and lectures, all of which concern issues surounding the moving image in a queer context. Essays such as Amelie Björck’s To come into being in a queer time and Louise Wolthers’ Queering the family: images of reproduction both make links to the film Spermwhore, the creation of which is outlined in On Research In What’s Most Private by Anna Linder. The somewhat overlooked film Mai Zetterling’s Stockholm is discussed in detail within. Ingrid Rydberg’s article further contributes to the knowledge of the unique Swedish film scene in the 1970s by addressing films such as Damned Queers,The Woman in your life is you and Eva & Maria. You are invited to take part in the panel discussion on Susan Sontag’s time in Sweden and to follow the experimental cinematic process of Joey Carducci. The volume also includes moving images; the film Spermwhore and Barbara Hammer’s lecture MAKING MOVIES OUT OF SEX AND LIFE (and making it all transparent).
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27.
  • Meidl, Peter, et al. (författare)
  • Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 81, s. 45-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Forests and woodlands in the West African Guineo-Sudanian transition zone contain many tree species that form symbiotic interactions with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. These fungi facilitate plant growth by increasing nutrient and water uptake and include many fruiting body-forming fungi, including some edible mushrooms. Despite their importance for ecosystem functioning and anthropogenic use, diversity and distribution of ECM fungi is severely under-documented in West Africa. We conducted a broad regional sampling across five West African countries using soil eDNA to characterize the ECM as well as the total soil fungal community in gallery forests and savanna woodlands dominated by ECM host tree species. We subsequently sequenced the entire ITS region and much of the LSU region to infer a phylogeny for all detected soil fungal species. Utilizing a long read sequencing approach allows for higher taxonomic resolution by using the full ITS region, while the highly conserved LSU gene allows for a more accurate higher-level assignment of species hypotheses, including species without ITS-based taxonomy assignments. We detect no overall difference in species richness between gallery forests and woodlands. However, additional gallery forest plots and more samples per plot would have been needed to firmly conclude this pattern. Based on both abundance and richness, species from the families Russulaceae and Inocybaceae dominate the ECM fungal soil communities across both vegetation types. The community structure of both total soil fungi and ECM fungi was significantly influenced by vegetation types and showed strong correlation within plots. However, we found no significant difference in fungal community structure between samples collected adjacent to different host tree species within each plot. We conclude that within plots, the fungal community is structured more by the overall ECM host plant community than by the species of the individual host tree that each sample was collected from.
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28.
  • Monstein, Hans-Jurg, et al. (författare)
  • Application of PCR amplicon sequencing using a single primer pair in PCR amplification to assess variations in Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : BioMed Central. - 1756-0500. ; 3:35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundThe presence of various EPIYA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs in the CagA protein of Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to contribute to pathogenesis in adults. In this study, a unique PCR assay and sequencing strategy was developed to establish the number and variation of cagA EPIYA motifs.FindingsMDA-DNA derived from gastric biopsy specimens from eleven subjects with gastritis was used with M13- and T7- sequence-tagged primers for amplification of the cagA EPIYA motif region. Automated capillary electrophoresis using a high resolution kit and amplicon sequencing confirmed variations in the cagA EPIYA motif region. In nine cases, sequencing revealed the presence of AB, ABC, or ABCC (Western type) cagA EPIYA motif, respectively. In two cases, double cagA EPIYA motifs were detected (ABC/ABCC or ABC/AB), indicating the presence of two H. pylori strains in the same biopsy.ConclusionAutomated capillary electrophoresis and amplicon sequencing using a single, M13- and T7-sequence-tagged primer pair in PCR amplification enabled a rapid molecular typing of cagA EPIYA motifs. Moreover, the techniques described allowed for a rapid detection of mixed H. pylori strains present in the same biopsy specimen.
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29.
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30.
  • Monstein, Hans-Jurg, 1946-, et al. (författare)
  • Vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in the human gastrointestinal tract
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 40:1, s. 34-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/Aim: Vasopressin and oxytocin are closely related peptides, and both exert effects on the gastrointestinal function. In the present study, we wanted to map the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs (V1a, V1b/V3, and V2) in nontumorous tissue biopsy specimens of human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. Methods: Total and polyA+ RNAs were isolated from human tissue biopsy specimens using an automated nucleic acid extractor and, subsequently, converted into single-stranded cDNA. Seminested PCR amplifications were carried out, using gene-specific V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor primers. The PCR amplicons were partially sequenced to confirm their identity. Results: The present study demonstrated the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs in human gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, lung, brain, and ovary. The expression pattern varied between different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon ascendens, V1a receptor mRNA expression could not be detected in 3 out of 4 analyzed tissue biopsy specimens. On the other hand, all the vasopressin receptor mRNAs were expressed in all colon transversum biopsy samples. Conclusions: V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor mRNAs are widely expressed throughout human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. The data obtained provide information for further mapping and determination of the physiological role of the vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in normal and tumorous tissues.
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31.
  • Mårtensson, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Using a paleo ratio to assess adherence to paleolithic dietary recommendations in a randomized controlled trial of individuals with type 2 diabetes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 13:3, s. 1-15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial using Paleolithic diet and exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that increased adherence to the Paleolithic diet was associated with greater effects on blood pressure, blood lipids and HbA1c independent of weight loss. Participants were asked to follow a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks and were randomized to supervised exercise or general exercise recommendations. Four-day food records were analyzed, and food items characterized as “Paleolithic” or “not Paleolithic”. Foods considered Paleolithic were lean meat, poultry, fish, seafood, fruits, nuts, berries, seeds, vegetables, and water to drink; “not Paleolithic” were legumes, cereals, sugar, salt, processed foods, and dairy products. A Paleo ratio was calculated by dividing the Paleolithic calorie intake by total calorie intake. A mul-tiple regression model predicted the outcome at 12 weeks using the Paleo ratio, group affiliation, and outcome at baseline as predictors. The Paleo ratio increased from 28% at baseline to 94% after the intervention. A higher Paleo ratio was associated with lower fat mass, BMI, waist circumference, sys-tolic blood pressure, and serum triglycerides at 12 weeks, but not with lower HbA1c levels. The Paleo ratio predicted triglyceride levels independent of weight loss (p = 0.046). Moreover, an increased monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and an increased polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio was associated with lower triglyceride levels independent of weight loss. (p = 0.017 and p = 0.019 respectively). We conclude that a higher degree of adherence to the Paleolithic diet recommendations improved fat quality and was associated with improved triglyceride levels independent of weight loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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32.
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33.
  • Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Improving ITS sequence data for identification of plant pathogenic fungi
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 67:1, s. 11-19
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Plant pathogenic fungi are a large and diverse assemblage of eukaryotes with substantial impacts on natural ecosystems and human endeavours. These taxa often have complex and poorly understood life cycles, lack observable, discriminatory morphological characters, and may not be amenable to in vitro culturing. As a result, species identification is frequently difficult. Molecular (DNA sequence) data have emerged as crucial information for the taxonomic identification of plant pathogenic fungi, with the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region being the most popular marker. However, international nucleotide sequence databases are accumulating numerous sequences of compromised or low-resolution taxonomic annotations and substandard technical quality, making their use in the molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi problematic. Here we report on a concerted effort to identify high-quality reference sequences for various plant pathogenic fungi and to re-annotate incorrectly or insufficiently annotated public ITS sequences from these fungal lineages. A third objective was to enrich the sequences with geographical and ecological metadata. The results – a total of 31,954 changes – are incorporated in and made available through the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee), including standalone FASTA files of sequence data for local BLAST searches, use in the next-generation sequencing analysis platforms QIIME and mothur, and related applications. The present initiative is just a beginning to cover the wide spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi, and we invite all researchers with pertinent expertise to join the annotation effort.
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34.
  • Ohlsson, Claes, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Low Progesterone and Low Estradiol Levels Associate with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Men.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 107:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Male sex is a major risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) but few studies have addressed associations between sex hormone levels and AAA.To describe the associations between serum sex steroids and early, screening-detected AAA in men.We validated a high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for comprehensive serum sex hormone profiling. This assay was then employed in a case-control study including 147 men with AAA (infrarenal aorta ≥30mm) and 251 AAA-free controls recruited at the general population-based ultrasound screening for AAA in 65-year-old Swedish men.Associations between dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, estrone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol and AAA presence.Dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and estradiol, but not the other hormones, were lower in men with AAA. In models with adjustments for known AAA risk factors and comorbidity, only progesterone (odds ratio per SD decrease 1.62 [95% CI 1.18-2.22]) and estradiol (1.40 [95% CI 1.04-1.87]) remained inversely associated with the presence of AAA. Progesterone and estradiol contributed with independent additive information for prediction of AAA presence; compared with men with high (above median) levels, men with low (below median) levels of both hormones had a 4-fold increased odds ratio for AAA (4.06 [95% CI 2.25-7.31]).Measured by a high-performance sex steroid assay, progesterone and estradiol are inversely associated with AAA in men, independently of known risk factors. Future studies should explore whether progesterone and estradiol, which are important reproductive hormones in women, are protective in human AAA.
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35.
  • Otten, Julia, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control : a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 33:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundMeans to reduce future risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes are urgently needed.MethodsThirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (age 59 ± 8 years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations (PD) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week (PD-EX).ResultsFor the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg (IQR: −6.6, −4.1; p < 0.001) in the PD group and by 6.7 kg (−8.2, −5.3; p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the PD (p < 0.001) and PD-EX (p < 0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (−1.2, −0.6; p < 0.001) in the PD group and 1.1% (−1.7, −0.7; p < 0.01) in the PD-EX group. Leptin decreased by 62% (p < 0.001) in the PD group and 42% (p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased by 0.2 L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the PD-EX group, and remained unchanged in the PD group (p < 0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male participants decreased lean mass by 2.6 kg (−3.6, −1.3) in the PD group and by 1.2 kg (−1.3, 1.0) in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between intervention groups).ConclusionsA Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in men and increases cardiovascular fitness.
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36.
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37.
  • Redéen, Stefan, et al. (författare)
  • Homocysteine Levels in Chronic Gastritis and Other Conditions: Relations to Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Dementia
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568. ; 55:2, s. 351-358
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Homocysteine levels in circulation are determined by several factors and hyperhomocysteinemia is reportedly associated with cardiovascular diseases and dementia. The aim of this study is to determine the relation of chronic gastritis and other conditions to homocysteine levels and their relation to incident cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Methods An adult population-based cohort (N = 488) was screened for H. pylori infection, gastro-duodenitis ( endoscopic biopsies), disease history, and lifestyle factors. Blood samples were analyzed for pepsinogen I and II ( gastric function), vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and cystatin C ( renal function). The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism reportedly associated with hyperhomocysteinemia was analyzed by pyrosequencing. Incident cardiovascular diseases and dementia were monitored during a median follow-up interval of 10 years. Results At baseline, there was a positive relation of S-homocysteine to male gender, age, S-cystatin C, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype and atrophic gastritis. During follow-up, cardiovascular diseases occurred in 101/438 and dementia in 25/488 participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis ( adjusting for gender, age at baseline, follow-up interval, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, NSAID use, P-cholesterol, and P-triglycerides) showed an association of S-homocysteine higher than 14.5 mu mol/l to cardiovascular diseases (OR 2.05 [95% c.i. 1.14-3.70]), but not to dementia overall. Conclusions Gender, age, vitamin B12, folate, renal function, atrophic gastritis and the methylenetetrahydrofolate 677TT genotype were significant determinants of homocysteine levels, which were positively related to incident cardiovascular diseases.
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38.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • A new Camera Model and Algorithms for higher Accuracy and better Convergence in Vision-based Pose Calculations
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Mechatronics and Automation, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on. - 1424404657 ; , s. 194-199
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents novel strategies for better calibration and pose calculations of a system for determining the pose, i.e. position and orientation, of a camera. The system in question has a camera aimed to be placed on the hand of an industrial robot for welding, but is useful for any application with a need for measuring position and/or orientation. To calculate the pose of the camera circular reference points that can be recognized in the images are distributed in the working area. From their 2D image coordinates the 6D pose of the camera can be calculated. First the system is calibrated, i.e. the positions of the reference points and the camera parameters are determined. This is done by first taking images of the reference points from different locations, and then do a "total calibration" procedure to calculate the unknown parameters. For a specific system, called PosEye, it was concluded that the accuracy needs to be improved for welding applications. Also a method for making the calculations converge more easily, was needed. To meet these demands a new camera model is proposed, and three preprocessing calculation steps are presented. The new camera model increases accuracy by considering more distortion effects. The preprocessing steps give better initial values for more robust convergence of the algorithms and increased accuracy
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39.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • A new Camera Model for Higher Accuracy Pose Calculations
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Industrial Electronics, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. - 1424404967 ; , s. 2798-2802
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A position and orientation (pose) measurement system is being developed. The system, called PosEye, is based on a camera and by using the information in the image, the pose of the camera taking the image can be calculated. The system is aimed to be placed on an industrial robot for welding, but it is flexible and can also be used in many other applications. The accuracy has been measured, and it is concluded that the accuracy needs to be improved for welding applications. To make the pose measurement, reference points, that can be recognized in the image, are distributed in the working area. The positions of the reference points and the parameters in a camera model are initially computed automatically from sample images from a number of directions to the reference points. After this calibration, the pose can be calculated at each sample image. For high accuracy there is a need to have a camera model that takes into account a number of distortion effects, which are further developed in this paper. The new model is used to express an optimization cost function that can be used for both the pose calculation, and the extensive calibration, that determines camera parameters in the camera model and the positions of the reference points
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40.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Accuracy Investigation of a Vision Based System for Pose Measurements
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2006. ICARCV '06. 9th International Conference on. - 1424403413 ; , s. 1-6
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The accuracy of a pose measurement system, called PosEye, is investigated. PosEye is a system for real time measurement of the position and orientation, the pose, of a camera (sensor) using the information in its image. This sensor is aimed to be mounted on an industrial robot for welding. The investigation was done by comparing the PosEye system position output to that of a coordinate measuring machine. Sources of errors are identified, and suggestions for improvements are made
  •  
41.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Analysis and evaluation of a general camera model
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Computer Vision and Image Understanding. - : Elsevier. - 1077-3142 .- 1090-235X. ; 115:11, s. 1503-1515
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A versatile General Camera Model, GCM, has been developed, and is described in detail. The model is general in the sense that it can capture both fisheye and conventional as well as catadioptric cameras in a unified framework. The camera model includes efficient handling of non-central cameras as well as compensations for decentring distortion. A novel way of analysing radial distortion functions of camera models leads to a straightforward improvement of conventional models with respect to generality, accuracy and simplicity. Different camera models are experimentally compared for two cameras with conventional and fisheye lenses, and the results show that the overall performance is favourable for the GCM.
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42.
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43.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973- (författare)
  • Camera Modelling and Calibration with Machine Vision Applications
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Camera modelling and calibration are important parts of machine vision. They can be used for calculating geometric information from images. A camera model is a mathematical projection between a 3D object space and a 2D image. The camera calibration is a mathematical procedure calculating parameters of the camera model, usually based on several images of reference points. These fundamental parts of machine vision are improved in this thesis. One large part is the development of a generic camera model, GCM, that is accurate, computationally efficient and can be used for both conventional, fisheye and even catadioptric cameras. Different models were used in the past for conventional and  omnidirectional cameras and this is a well-known problem, the solution of which is described in this thesis. The accuracy of camera models is improved by introducing new ways of compensating for different distortions, such as radial istortion, varying entrance pupil point and decentring distortion. Calibration is mproved by introducing newmeans of calculating start estimates of camera parameters, from analysing shapes, sizes and positions of the reference points in the images. These start estimates are needed in order to make the calibration converge. Methods for calculating better reference centre points than the centres of gravity are developed in order to increase the accuracy further. Non-trivial null spaces that occur during calibration are identified. Awareness of these improve the calibration. Calibrations with different camera models are implemented and tested for real cameras in order to compare their accuracy. Certain models are better for certain situations, but the overall performance and properties are favourable for the GCM. A stereo vision welding robot system is developed, using the new model. It determines the geometry of a 3D weld joint, so that a robot can follow it. The same system is implemented in a virtual environment using a simulation software. Such simulation is important since it makes it possible to develop robot vision systems off-line.
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44.
  • Ryberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of (GTG)(5)-oligonucleotide and ribosomal intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR for molecular typing of Klebsiella isolates
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of Microbiological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8359 .- 0167-7012. ; 84:2, s. 183-188
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Molecular typing of Klebsiella species has become important for monitoring dissemination of beta-lactamase-producers in hospital environments. The present study was designed to evaluate poly-trinucleotide (GTG)(5)- and rDNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS)-PCR fingerprint analysis for typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. Multiple displacement amplified DNA derived from 19K pneumoniae (some with an ESBL-phenotype). 35 K. oxytoca isolates, five K pneumoniae, two K oxytoca, three Raoultella, and one Enterobacter aerogenes type and reference strains underwent (GTG)(5) and ITS-PCR analysis. Dendrograms were constructed using cosine coefficient and the Neighbour joining method. (GTG)(5) and ITS-PCR analysis revealed that K pneumoniae and K oxytoca isolates. reference and type strains formed distinct cluster groups, and tentative subclusters could be established. We conclude that (GTG)(5) and ITS-PCR analysis combined with automated capillary electrophoresis provides promising tools for molecular typing of Klebsiella isolates. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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45.
  • Ryberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Concurrent genotyping of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes and human cytokine SNP sites using whole genome amplified DNA derived from minute amounts of gastric biopsy specimen DNA
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 8, s. 175-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Bacterial and cellular genotyping is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, difficulties in obtaining sufficient amount of bacterial and cellular DNA extracted from the same human biopsy specimens is often a limiting factor. In this study, total DNA (host and bacterial DNA) was isolated from minute amounts of gastric biopsy specimens and amplified by means of whole genome amplification using the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) technique. Subsequently, MDA-DNA was used for concurrent Helicobacter pylori and human host cellular DNA genotyping analysis using PCR-based methods. Results: Total DNA was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of 12 subjects with gastritis and 16 control subjects having a normal mucosa. The DNA was amplified using a multiple displacement amplification (MDA) kit. Next, concurrent genotyping was performed using H. pylori-specific virulence gene PCR amplification assays, pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rDNA and PCR characterisation of various host genes. This includes Interleukin 1-beta (IL1B) and Interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR1) SNP analysis, and Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) variable tandem repeats (VNTR) in intron 2. Finally, regions of the vacA-gene were PCR amplified using M13-sequence tagged primers which allowed for direct DNA sequencing, omitting cloning of PCR amplicons. H. pylori specific multiplex PCR assays revealed the presence of H. pylori cagA and vacA genotypic variations in 11 of 12 gastritis biopsy specimens. Using pyrosequencing, 16S rDNA variable V3 region signatures of H. pylori were found in 11 of 12 individuals with gastritis, but in none of the control subjects. Similarly, IL1B and IFNGR1-SNP and IL1RN-VNTR patterns could be established in all individuals. Furthermore, sequencing of M13-sequence tagged vacA-PCR amplicons revealed the presence of highly diverse H. pylori vacA-s/i/m regions. Conclusion: The PCR-based molecular typing methods applied, using MDA-amplified DNA derived from small amounts of gastric biopsy specimens, enabled a rapid and concurrent molecular analysis of bacterial and host genes in the same biopsy specimen. The principles and technologies used in this study could also be applied to any situation in which human host and microbial genes of interest in microbial-host interactions would need to be sequenced.
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46.
  • Ryberg, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Expression of multiple forms of 3'-end variant CCK2 receptor mRNAs in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: BMC research notes. - : BMC. - 1756-0500. ; 4, s. 131-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Two main types of receptors for gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) have been cloned and identified. CCK1 (CCK-A) receptors are expressed in the pancreas, the gallbladder, and parts of the brain, while CCK2 (CCK-B/gastrin) receptors (CCK2R) are expressed in gastric glands and in most of the brain. A splice variant of the CCK2R designated CCKRi4sv (CCK-C), which is constitutively expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells, has also been described. The purpose of the present investigation was to study CCK2R, CCK2i4svR, and gastrin mRNA expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma on the assumption that co-expression of CCK2R and gastrin or constitutive CCK2i4svR mRNA expression plays a pivotal role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. FINDINGS: PCR amplification using CCK2R specific primer-pairs, followed by ethidium-bromide stained agarose gel electrophoresis revealed the expression of wild-type CCK2R mRNA in 12 of 17 biopsy specimens. A CCK2R intron 4 specific nested PCR assay revealed that CCK2i4svR mRNA was expressed in only one of the biopsy specimen. The authenticity of PCR amplicons was confirmed by cloning of selected amplicons and DNA sequence analysis. Moreover, we found that hitherto undescribed multiple forms of 3'-end variant CCK2R mRNAs with various deletions in the retained intron 4 and exon 5, tentatively generating truncated proteins, were expressed in the pancreatic adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION: Cloning and DNA sequencing of selected amplicons revealed that CCK2R and multiple CCK2i4svR-like mRNAs are expressed in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The originally described CCK2i4svR mRNA was only expressed in one of 17 tumours and appears to be rarely expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We report that CCK2R- and gastrin mRNA co-expression may play a role in a portion, but not in all of these tumours, and that aberrant splicing takes places in these tissues generating multiple forms of 3'-end variant CCK2R mRNAs.
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47.
  • Ryberg, Anders, 1973-, et al. (författare)
  • Stereo vision for path correction in off-line programmed robot welding
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. ; , s. 1700-1705
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper describes a versatile machine vision system for correcting off-line programmed nominal robot trajectories for advanced welding. Weld trajectory corrections are needed due to slight variations in weld joints. Such variations occur naturally because of varying tolerances in parts and to heat induced deformations during earlier weld sequences. The developed system uses one camera and a weld tool mounted on the robot hand. As a first step, the whole system, including the camera, is calibrated. Then the system takes images of the weld joint from different positions and orientations, and determines the weld joint geometry in 3D using a stereo vision algorithm and a novel camera model. The weld trajectory is then updated in the robot control system, and weld operation is performed. These steps are repeated for all weld sequences of the work piece. The strategy has successfully been demonstrated for a standard industrial welding robot and a standard FireWire CMOS camera. The maximum deviation of the trajectory found by the system compared to a reference (coordinate measuring machine) is 0.7 mm and the mean deviation is 0.23 mm. Thus, the system shows high potential for industrial implementation. ©2010 IEEE.
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48.
  • Ryberg, Henrik, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Sex steroid levels in corresponding cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples quantified by mass spectrometry in men.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Endocrine connections. - 2049-3614. ; 13:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sex steroids exert important biological functions within the central nervous system (CNS), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The contribution of circulating sex steroids to the levels in CNS tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been sparsely investigated in human and with inconclusive results. This could partly be due to lack of sensitive validated assays. To address this, we validated a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS/MS) assay for quantification of sex steroid hormones/precursors in CSF.GC-MS/MS quantification of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, CSF lower limit of quantification, 1.5 pg/mL), testosterone (T, 4.9), estrone (E1, 0.88), estradiol (E2, 0.25), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 38.4), androstenedione (4D, 22.3) and progesterone (P, 4.2) in CSF, and corresponding serum samples from 47 men.Analyses of CSF revealed that DHEA was the major sex steroid (73.5±31.7 pg/mL) followed by 4D (61.4±29.6 pg/mL) and T (49.5±18.9 pg/mL). The CSF levels of DHT, E2 and E1 were substantially lower, and P was in general not detectable in CSF. For all sex steroids except E2, strong associations between corresponding CSF and serum levels were observed. We propose that T in CSF is derived from circulating T, DHT in CSF is from local conversion from T, while E2 in CSF is from local conversion from 4D in CNS.We describe the first thoroughly validated high-sensitive mass spectrometric assay for a broad sex steroid hormone panel suitable for human CSF. This assay constitutes a new tool for investigation of the role of sex steroid hormones in the human CNS.
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49.
  • Ryberg Henriksson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Lindholmshamnen som hållbar stadsdel
  • 2017
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • För att utveckla området Lindholmshamnen bildades ett konsortiu med Peab, Skanska, HSB och Älvstranden Utveckling. Byggherrarna i konsortiet har åtagit sig att gemensamt omvandla Lindholmshamnen till en socialt, ekonomiskt och ekologisk hållbar stadsdel. Konsortiet har beslutat att uppfylla fördraget om att Lindholmshamnen ska stärka Göteborg som föregångstad inom hållbar utveckling inom ramen för följande inriktningar: • Klimatet i fokus - påverkan och anpassning • Livskraftigt och dynamiskt stadsliv • Bekväm avfallshantering med klimatsmart citylogistik • Lärandeprocesser för hållbarhetsarbetet Detta projekt knyter an till inriktningen ”Klimatet i fokus” och det övergripande målet med projektet har varit att använda förenklade Carbon Footprint-beräkningar för att ge underlag till de beslut som ska tas kopplat till utformning och design av Lindholmshamnen, i syfte att området ska kunna utformas med minimal klimatpåverkan. För att uppnå målet med att använda Carbon Footprint och samtidigt bidra till att uppfylla målsättningen som konsortiet haft om att arbeta med lärandeprocesser för hållbarhetsarbetet, har projektet delvis genomförts i form av en deltagandeprocess. I denna har konsortiets parter gemensamt diskuterat och beslutat om vilka delar som är viktiga att speciellt belysa och göra medvetna och strategiska val kring, samt vilka alternativ som är aktuella för dessa. Den viktigaste slutsatsen från den här studien är att det finns en stor potential att minska klimatpåverkan genom medvetna val. Bland annat kan man konstatera att det finns en stor potential till minskad klimatpåverkan från byggproduktionen genom att minska elanvändningen under byggfasen. Det finns också en stor potential till klimatbesparing genom att för markhöjningen välja fyllnadsmassor som inte har transporterats långväga.
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50.
  • Ryberg Henriksson, Anna (författare)
  • Produktval av tappvattenarmaturer, kopplingar, ventiler, böjar och T-stycken för dricksvattentillämpningar tillverkade i blyinnehållande kopparlegeringar
  • 2016
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Inom byggsektorn finns det olika, frivilliga, system som syftar till att fasa ut farliga ämnen från bygg- och anläggningsprodukter (t.ex. BASTA, Byggvarubedömningen, Sunda Hus). I Sverige har dessa system fått ett stort genomslag inom byggsektorn i arbetet med att välja material utan onödiga miljö- och hälsorisker då det blivit ett starkt marknadskrav att de material som används i olika byggprojekt uppfyller kraven i något av dessa system. Fortfarande finns dock byggprodukter som måste användas i dagens byggande som inte alltid klarar kraven i dessa system. För de byggprodukter som inte klarar kraven men som inte kan ersättas finns ett stort behov av trovärdig kunskap, information och stöd när det gäller hur avvikelser från dessa krav ska motiveras och hanteras vid produktvalen. Den här vägledningen syftar till att ge ansvariga för produktval vid ny- och ombyggnation ett stöd för hur avvikelser mot bedömningssystemens bly-kriterium ska hanteras för blyinnehållande kopparlegeringar, t.ex. mässing, i armaturer, kopplingar, ventiler, böjar och T-stycken (härefter benämnt som produkter i tappvattensystemet) för dricksvattentillämpningar. I detta syfte har BASTAs vetenskapliga råd tagit fram ett antal villkor för när ett sådant avsteg från BASTAs kriterier skulle kunna gälla. Vägledningen gäller enbart för vatten som uppfyller definitionen för dricksvatten enligt Livsmedelsverkets föreskrifter om dricksvatten (SLVFS 2001:30) och med dricksvatten avses enbart vatten som uppfyller denna definition. Om man har egen brunn bör man således kontrollera att vattnet uppfyller denna definition. Denna avvikelsehantering bör ses över efter 5 år, eftersom det finns en pågående utveckling när det gäller alternativ till blyinnehållande kopparlegeringar.
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