| 1. |
- Asif, Sana, M.D, PhD student, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of an MPC polymer coating to attenuate surface- induced cross-talk between the complement and coagulation systems in whole blood in in vitro and in vivo models
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Macromolecular Bioscience. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1616-5187 .- 1616-5195. ; 19:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, leading to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Heparin coating has been used to improve hemocompatibility, and another approach is 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer coatings. Here, the aim is to evaluate the hemocompatibility of MPC polymer coating by studying the interactions with coagulation and complement systems using human blood in vitro model and pig in vivo model. The stability of the coatings is investigated in vitro and MPC polymer-coated catheters are tested in vivo by insertion into the external jugular vein of pigs to monitor the catheters' antithrombotic properties. There is no significant activation of platelets or of the coagulation and complement systems in the MPC polymer-coated one, which was superior in hemocompatibility to non-coated matrix surfaces. The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat does not decline after incubation in human plasma for up to 2 weeks. With MPC polymer-coated catheters, it is possible to easily draw blood from pig for 4 days in contrast to the case for non-coated catheters, in which substantial clotting is seen.
|
|
| 2. |
- Asif, Sana, M.D, PhD student, et al.
(författare)
-
Validation of an MPC polymer coating to reduce surface-induced cascade system activation in whole blood in in vitroand in vivo models
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACTBackground: Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood (e.g., when used in various forms of biomedical device) induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, the coagulation and complement systems. These reactions may lead to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Multiple strategies to dampen these reactions have been employed, with heparin conjugation to the material surface being the most successfulthus far. Another approach to improving hemocompatibility is to use 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-based polymer coatings.Experimental: In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of MPC polymer coating and compared it to a commercially available heparin coating in various in vitromodels using fresh human blood with the aim to replace the costly heparin-coated equipment with the more economic MPC. We then investigated the stability of the various coatings in human plasma in vitrofor 2 weeks. Finally, we inserted MPC polymer-coated catheters into the external jugular vein of pigs and monitored the catheters’ antithrombotic properties for 4 days.Results: 1) There was no significant activation of platelets and of the coagulation and complement systems on the MPC polymer-coated or the commercially available heparin surface. 2) Both coats were superior in hemocompatibility to non-coated matrix surfaces. 3) The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat did not decline after incubation in plasma for up to 2 weeks. 4) With MPC polymer-coated catheters, it was possible to easily draw blood from experimental animals for 4 days, in contrast to the case for heparin-flushed commercially available non-coated catheters, in which substantial clotting was seen.
|
|
| 3. |
- Espes, Daniel, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Pancreatic perfusion and its response to glucose as measured by simultaneous PET/MRI
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 56:10, s. 1113-1120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Perfusion of the pancreas and the islets of Langerhans is sensitive to physiological stimuli and is dysregulated in metabolic disease. Pancreatic perfusion can be assessed by both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the methods have not been directly compared or benchmarked against the gold-standard microsphere technique.METHODS: Pigs (n = 4) were examined by [15O]H2O PET and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI technique simultaneously using a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. The pancreatic perfusion was measured both at basal conditions and after intravenous (IV) administration of up to 0.5 g/kg glucose.RESULTS: Pancreatic perfusion increased by 35%, 157%, and 29% after IV 0.5 g/kg glucose compared to during basal conditions, as assessed by [15O]H2O PET, IVIM MRI, and microspheres, respectively. There was a correlation between pancreatic perfusion as assessed by [15O]H2O PET and IVIM MRI (r = 0.81, R2 = 0.65, p < 0.01). The absolute quantification of pancreatic perfusion (ml/min/g) by [15O]H2O PET was within a 15% error of margin of the microsphere technique.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic perfusion by [15O]H2O PET was in agreement with the microsphere technique assessment. The IVIM MRI method has the potential to replace [15O]H2O PET if the pancreatic perfusion is sufficiently large, but not when absolute quantitation is required.
|
|
| 4. |
- Grubb, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide administration on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2014
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 75, s. 949-955
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To image the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow by means of scintigraphy, evaluate ventilation-perfusion (V-A/Q) matching and pulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt) by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), and measure arterial oxygenation and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations before, during, and after pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) administration to isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency.Animals-3 healthy adult Standardbreds.Procedures-Nitric oxide was pulsed into the inspired gases in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Assessment of V-A/Q matching, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 content was performed by use of the MIGET, and spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow was measured by perfusion scintigraphy following IV injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled macroaggregated human albumin before, during, and 30 minutes after cessation of PiNO administration.Results-During PiNO administration, significant redistribution of blood flow from the dependent regions to the nondependent regions of the lungs was found and was reflected by improvements in V-A/Q matching, decreases in Qs/Qt, and increases in PaO2 content, all of which reverted to baseline values at 30 minutes after PiNO administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Administration of PiNO in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions. Because hypoxemia is commonly the result of atelectasis in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses, the addition of nitric oxide to inhaled gases could be used clinically to alleviate hypoxemia in horses during anesthesia.
|
|
| 5. |
- Grubb, Tamara L, et al.
(författare)
-
Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2008
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 69:3, s. 423-430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess physiologic responses and plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult Standardbreds. PROCEDURES: Horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. Nitric oxide was pulsed into the respiratory tract for 2.5 hours, and then administration was abruptly discontinued. Just prior to commencement and at cessation of NO administration, and at intervals during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, several variables including PaO(2), mean pulmonary artery pressure, venous admixture or pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and plasma ET-1 concentration were recorded or calculated. RESULTS: After cessation of NO inhalation, PaO(2) decreased slowly but significantly (172.7 +/- 29.8 mm Hg to 84.6 +/- 10.9 mm Hg) and Qs/Qt increased slowly but significantly (25 +/- 2% to 40 +/- 3%) over a 30-minute period. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly (14.0 +/- 1.3 mm Hg to 16.8 +/- 1 mm Hg) over the same time period. No change in serum ET-1 concentration was detected, and other variables did not change or underwent minor changes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kautto, Ethel, et al.
(författare)
-
What happens to food choices when a gluten-free diet is required? : A prospective longitudinal population-based study among Swedish adolescent with coeliac disease and their peers
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2048-6790. ; 3:e2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dietary survey was performed during a large screening study in Sweden among 13-year-old adolescents. The aim was to study how the intake of food groups was affected by a screening-detected diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) and its gluten-free (GF) treatment. Food intake, was reported using a food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and intake reported by the adolescents who was screened to CD was compared with the intake of two same-aged referent groups: i) adolescents diagnosed to CD prior screening and ii) adolescents without CD.. The food intake groups were measured at baseline before the screening-detected cases were aware of their CD, and 12-18 months later.The result showed that the food intakes are affected by a screen detected CD and its dietary treatment. Many flour-based foods were reduced such as pizza, fish fingers, and pastries. The result also indicated that the bread intake was lower before the screened diagnosis compared to the other studied groups, but increased afterwards. Specially manufactured GF-products (e.g. pasta and bread) were frequently used in the screened CDgroup after changing to a GF-diet. Our results suggest that changing to a GF-diet reduces the intake of some popular foods, and the ingredients on the plate are altered, but this do not necessarily include a change of food groups. The availability of manufactured GF-replacement products makes it possible for adolescents to keep many of their old food habits when diagnosed with CD in Sweden.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Manell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetes re-establishes the patterns in carbohydrate, fat and amino acid metabolisms in growing pigs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : SAGE Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 48, s. 261-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of streptozotocin (STZ) were studied in eight high-health herd-certified Yorkshire x Swedish Landrace pigs (32.5 +/- 2.6 kg initial body weight [BW]), and an insulin treatment protocol was developed to re-establish their metabolisms. A single intravenous dose of 150mg STZ/kg BW successfully induced hyperglycaemia and alterations in their fat and protein metabolisms. Within 13 h post-STZ treatment blood glucose concentration had fallen to a range of 1.3 to 4.7 mmol/L. Hypoglycaemia was promptly treated with 0.5 g glucose/kg BW intravenously. All the pigs became hyperglycaemic with blood glucose concentrations >23 mmol/L within 48 h post-STZ. Two days post-STZ serum C-peptide concentrations fell below 60 rho mol/L in all the pigs and remained below 96 rho mol/L for five weeks until the end of the study. The pigs were left untreated for one week after STZ injection. At the end of this week 13-fold and nine-fold increases in serum concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, respectively, were observed. Also, at this time-point a three-fold increase in the concentration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) was observed, and alanine and taurine were decreased by approximately 70% and 40%, respectively. During the week when the pigs were untreated, a reduced weight gain was observed, but after the onset of insulin treatment the daily weight gain was at least as good as that of conventional high-health pigs. Then a subcutaneous treatment with short-acting insulin was initiated. The initial dose of 2/3 IU/kg BW daily, divided between two doses, was gradually increased to 1 IU/kg BW. Within three weeks, the insulin treatment restored the metabolic changes in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms produced by the STZ. In conclusion, the results underscore the usefulness of this animal model in translational research as insulin treatment re-establishes the changes in carbohydrate, fat and amino acid metabolisms observed in STZ-diabetic pigs and resolves clinical signs of disease similar to those in humans.
|
|
| 10. |
- Nalin, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Positron emission tomography imaging of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 41:9, s. 1800-1810
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has been proposed as a target for molecular imaging of beta cells. The feasibility of non-invasive imaging and quantification of GLP-1R in pancreas using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetic pigs treated with insulin was investigated.MethodsNon-diabetic (n = 4) and STZ-induced diabetic pigs (n = 3) from the same litter were examined. Development of diabetes was confirmed by blood glucose values, clinical examinations and insulin staining of pancreatic sections post mortem. Tissue perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys was evaluated by [15O]water PET/computed tomography (CT) scans. The in vivo receptor specificity of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was assessed by administration of either tracer alone or by competition with 3–6.5 μg/kg of Exendin-4. Volume of distribution and occupancy in the pancreas were quantified with a single tissue compartment model.Results[15O]water PET/CT examinations showed reduced perfusion in the pancreas and kidneys in diabetic pigs. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake in the pancreas of both non-diabetic and diabetic pigs was almost completely abolished by co-injection of unlabeled Exendin-4 peptide. [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 uptake did not differ between non-diabetic and diabetic pigs. In all animals, administration of the tracer resulted in an immediate increase in the heart rate (HR).ConclusionPancreatic uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-Exendin-4 was not reduced by destruction of beta cells in STZ-induced diabetic pigs.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ollmar, Stig, et al.
(författare)
-
A battery-less implantable glucose sensor based on electrical impedance spectroscopy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to perform accurate continuous glucose monitoring without blood sampling has revolutionised the management of diabetes. Newer methods that can allow measurements during longer periods are necessary to substantially improve patients’ quality of life. This paper presents an alternative method for glucose monitoring which is based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. A battery-less implantable bioimpedance spectroscope was designed, built, and used in an in vivo study on pigs. After a recovery period of 14 days post surgery, a total of 236 subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements obtained from intravenous glucose tolerance tests, with glucose concentration ranges between 77.4 and 523.8 mg/dL, were analyzed. The results show that glucose concentrations estimated by subcutaneous bioimpedance measurements correlate very well to the blood glucose reference values. The pigs were clinically healthy throughout the study, and the postmortem examinations revealed no signs of adverse effects related to the sensor. The implantation of the sensor requires minor surgery. The implant, being externally powered, could in principle last indefinitely. These encouraging results demonstrate the potential of the bioimpedance method to be used in future continuous glucose monitoring systems.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiovascular side-effects and insulin secretion after intravenous administration of radiolabeled Exendin-4 in pigs
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 43:7, s. 397-402
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Radiolabeled Exendin-4, a synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, is used as a tracer for diagnostic purposes of beta-cells and in experimental animal research. Exendin-4 can be radiolabeled with Ga-68, I-111 n or (99)mTc and used for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging to diagnose insulinomas, visualization of pancreatic beta-cell mass and transplanted Islets of Langerhans. In humans, Exendin-4 is widely used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The compound, which is administered subcutaneously (SC) may cause nausea, vomiting and a minor increase in the heart rate (HR). However, possible side-effects on cardiovascular functions after intravenous (IV) administration have not been reported. This study describes the Exendin-4 dose at which cardiovascular side-effects occur in pigs and cynomolgus monkeys. The IV effect of the tracer on insulin secretion is also investigated in pigs. Methods: Seven clinically healthy littermate pigs (40 days old) were used; three of them were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ). All pigs underwent PET imaging under general anesthesia to examine the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in beta-cells with radiolabeled Exendin-4. A baseline tracer dose IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 (0.025 +/- 0.010 mu g/kg) followed by a competition dose IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 (3.98 +/- 133 mu g/kg) 60 min later were administered. Blood samples were taken and analyzed for insulin secretion by using ELISA. Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were monitored throughout the experiment. Results: Immediately after administration of the high dose [Ga-68]Exendin-4 the HR rose from 122 14 to 227 +/- 40 bpm (p < 0.01) and from 100 +/- 5 to 181 +/- 13 bpm (p < 0.01) in healthy non -diabetic and diabetes-induced pigs, respectively. The tachycardia was observed for >2 h and one healthy non-diabetic pig suffered cardiac arrest 3 h after the IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4. Arrhythmia was detected by listening to the heart with a stethoscope up to 4 days after the [Ga-68]Exendin-4 injection. In all animals, no effect on the cardiovascular system was registered after the low dose of IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4. Insulin secretion increased (p < 0.05) when IV [Ga-68]Exendin-4 was given in dosages >= 0.14 mu g/kg. Conclusions: Intravenous administration of mu g/kg [Ga-68]Exendin-4 resulted in severe tachycardia and arrhythmias in healthy non -diabetic and diabetes-induced pigs, and the insulin secretion was stimulated in healthy non diabetic animals when >= 0.14 mu g/kg [Ga-68]Exendin-4 was given.
|
|
| 14. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic techniques on induction and subsequent anaesthesia in pigs
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : Sage Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 55:6, s. 540-550
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pig experiments often require anaesthesia, and a rapid stress-free induction is desired. Induction drugs may alter the subsequent anaesthesia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare, in pigs, the effects of two different injectable anaesthetic techniques on the induction and on the physiological variables in a subsequent eight hours of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). Twelve domestic castrates (Swedish Landrace/Yorkshire) 27-31 kg were used. The pigs were randomly assigned to different induction drug combinations of zolazepam-tiletamine and medetomidine intramuscularly (ZTMe) or midazolam, ketamine intramuscularly and fentanyl intravenously (MiKF). Time from injection to unconsciousness was recorded and the ease of endotracheal intubation assessed. The TIVA infusion rate was adjusted according to the response exhibited from the nociceptive stimulus delivered by mechanically clamping the dewclaw. The time from injection to unconsciousness was briefer and intubation was easier in the ZTMe group. Results from the recorded heart rate, cardiac index and arterial blood pressure variables were satisfactorily preserved and cardiovascular function was maintained in both groups. Shivering was not observed in the ZTMe group, but was observed in four of the pigs in the MiKF group. The requirement of TIVA was lower in the ZTMe group. In conclusion, ZTMe had better results than MiKF in areas such as shorter induction time, better intubation scoring results and less adjustment and amount of TIVA required up to six hours of anaesthesia. The results may have been due to a greater depth of anaesthesia achieved with the ZTMe combination at the dose used.
|
|
| 15. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Effectiveness of Cleaning and Sanitation of Stable Environment and Riding Equipment Following Contamination With Streptococcus equi Subsp. equi
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0737-0806 .- 1542-7412. ; 121
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus equi subsp. equi ( S. equi) is transmitted via contact with infected horses or fomites such as equipment or surfaces of the stable environment. Effective cleaning and sanitation is essential to mini-mize risk of fomite-associated infections. This study assessed the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation of experimentally S. equi contaminated materials and equipment found in stables. Wood, concrete, plas-tic, leather halters, leather gloves and polyester webbing halters were inoculated with a 24-hour culture S. equi laboratory strain. In addition, selected materials were inoculated with a clinical strain of S. equi. Three days post inoculation all materials were sampled for retention of viable S. equi and a subset of each material was cleaned and sanitized. After an additional 2 days all treated and untreated materials were sampled for continued retention of viable S. equi. Separate subsets of contaminated polyester halter material were washed at 40 degrees C with or without drying at 70 degrees C, or washed at 60 degrees C. After cleaning and sanitation, all samples except polyester halters were culture negative. Even before cleaning and sanita-tion leather appears to poorly support survival of S. equi. After washing at 40 degrees C and tumble drying, 14 of 16 halters were culture positive, however culture negative when washed at 60 degrees C. Routine cleaning and sanitation of fomites contaminated with S. equi was generally effective to eliminate viable bacteria. How-ever, survival between materials and strains differed, with leather poorly permissive to S. equi survival even without cleaning, whereas polyester webbing halters retained viable S. equi even after washing at temperatures of 40 degrees C.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
|
|
| 16. |
- Rydén, Anneli
(författare)
-
Nursing and anaesthesia care of growing pigs
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis was to improve the welfare of animals in research by refining the perioperative nursing and anaesthesia care of growing pigs in accordance with the 3Rs, replace, reduce and refine.Forty-six pigs were trained during a 14-day acclimatisation period to accept blood and urine sampling and ultrasound examination. A polymer coated catheter for repeated blood sampling from the jugular vein was assessed. The effects of zolazepam-tiletamine and medetomidine (ZTMe) was compared with midazolam, ketamine and fentanyl (MiKF) regarding the quality of induction and physiological variables in a subsequent total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with MiKF. A combination of zolazepam-tiletamine, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol (ZTDeB) intended for short-term anaesthesia was evaluated and physiological responses and drug plasma concentrations were examined. An artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on image vision was adapted for monitoring of the activity prior to anaesthesia and post-anaesthesia during treatment with transdermal fentanyl or buprenorphine injections. Facial expression was scored and plasma concentrations of the drugs were analysed.The training enabled blood and urine sampling and ultrasound examination without restraints. It was possible to collect blood from the catheters for up to ten days. ZTMe had better results than MiKF in areas such as shorter induction time, better intubation scoring results and less adjustment and amount of TIVA required for up to six hours of TIVA. ZTDeB provided two hours of anaesthesia with stable physiological variables and spontaneous breathing. The plasma concentration profile of the drugs was in line with the duration of the effect. Measurement of activity in pigs with the AI technique was encouraging. Both opioids, at the doses used, resulted in plasma concentrations above the suggested therapeutic levels. Assessment of facial expressions was time consuming and several factors influenced the result.In summary, the results showed that nursing interventions, adjustment of anaesthesia techniques and the use of AI technology for the measurement of activity can contribute to stress-free handling and improved animal welfare in growing pigs according to the 3Rs.
|
|
| 17. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Nursing and training of pigs used in renal transplantation studies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Laboratory Animals. - : SAGE Publications. - 0023-6772 .- 1758-1117. ; 54, s. 469-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pig is commonly used in renal transplantation studies since the porcine kidney resembles the human kidney. To meet the requirements of intense caretaking and examination without stress, a 2-week socialisation and training programme was developed. Conventional cross-breed pigs (n = 36) with high health status were trained for 15 min/day in a four-step training programme before kidney transplantation. The systematic training resulted in calm animals, which allowed for ultrasound examination, blood sampling and urine sampling without restraint. When a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer-coated jugular catheter introduced via the auricular vein was used for post-operative blood sampling, clotting was avoided. To assess renal function, urinary output was observed and creatinine and cystatin C were measured; the latter was not found to be useful in recently transplanted pigs. The results presented contribute to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace).
|
|
| 18. |
- Rydén, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Physiological and Clinical Responses in Pigs in Relation to Plasma Concentrations during Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine, Tiletamine, Zolazepam, and Butorphanol
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Reliable protocols are needed for short-term anesthesia in pigs. The study's aim is to identify an anesthetic procedure that, without the use of sophisticated equipment, ensures an acceptable depth and length of anesthesia, a regular spontaneous breathing pattern, and a stable hemodynamic condition for the animal. A total of 12 pigs were given a single intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine, zolazepam, and butorphanol. To investigate the possibility of prolonging the anesthesia, six of the pigs also received an intravenous dose of the drug combination after one hour. Physiological and clinical responses and drug plasma concentrations were examined. The main results suggest that intramuscular administration of the drug combination provides up to two hours of anesthesia with stable physiological parameters and an acceptable level of analgesia. An intravenous administration of one-third of the original dosage prolonged the anesthesia for another 30 min. Since the pigs were able to breathe spontaneously, none of them were intubated. The study also provides new information about each drug's plasma concentrations and the impact of the drug combination in pigs. This technique can be used to perform nonsurgical operations or transports when short-term anesthesia is required. Reliable protocols for short-term anesthetics are essential to safeguard animal welfare during medical investigations. The aim of the study was to assess the adequacy and reliability of an anesthetic protocol and to evaluate physiological and clinical responses, in relation to the drug plasma concentrations, for pigs undergoing short-term anesthesia. A second aim was to see whether an intravenous dosage could prolong the anesthesia. The anesthesia was induced by an intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine zolazepam, and butorphanol in 12 pigs. In six of the pigs, a repeated injection intravenously of one-third of the initial dose was given after one hour. The physiological and clinical effects from induction to recovery were examined. Plasma concentrations of the drugs were analyzed and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Each drug's absorption and time to maximal concentration were rapid. All pigs were able to maintain spontaneous respiration. The route of administration did not alter the half-life of the drug. The results suggest that intramuscular administration of the four-drug combination provides up to two hours of anesthesia with stable physiological parameters and an acceptable level of analgesia while maintaining spontaneous respiration. A repeated intravenous injection may be used to extend the time of anesthesia by 30 min.
|
|
| 19. |
- Rydén, Petra, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
What happens with the healthiness of the diet among Swedish adolescent boys and girls when a gluten-free diet is required?
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives To explore how diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) in early adolescence affects overall food intake and healthiness of the diet in comparison with age- and sex matched controls and children with CD diagnosed in early childhood. Methods This is a longitudinal dietary sub-study of a school-based CD-screening of 12-year-olds (ETICS - Exploring the Iceberg of Coeliacs in Sweden), a part of the PreventCD project. The dietary study was conducted in 2005-2008 and included the following groups resulting from the screening: I) screening-detected CD cases (n=80), II) previously diagnosed CD cases (n=28), and III) two samples of age- and sex matched non-CD children (admission, n=619; follow-up, n=447). All CD cases completed two food-frequency-and-amount-questionnaires (FFQ), covering the previous four weeks; one at admission and one at a follow-up 18-24 months later. The screening-detected CD cases completed the first FFQ before a gluten free diet was initiated. The non-CD children consisted of a cross-sectional sample at each time point, and thus only completed one FFQ each (i.e. either at admission or follow-up). The Goldberg cut-off method was used to validate reported energy intake. The food choices at admission and follow-up were compared among the three groups, and the healthiness of the diet evaluated using two Swedish dietary indexes. Results and Conclusion Intakes of most food groups were similar at baseline. The adolescents diagnosed with CD did only minor changes in their overall food choices. Visible changes were reductions within food groups where gluten-free alternatives are not readily available, such as pastries and pizza. In contrast, total intake of bread and pasta did not change. All three groups scored fairly low on the dietary indexes at both time points, and there is an obvious need to improve the healthiness of the adolescent diet, whether CD is present or not.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Svonni, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Potential for residual contamination by Streptococcus equi subspp equi of endoscopes and twitches used in diagnosis of carriers of strangles
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 52, s. 884-890
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Endoscopic examinations are essential for diagnosis and treatment of strangles (S equi infection) in horses. However, even after disinfection, endoscopes may retain viable bacteria or bacterial DNA. Twitches are commonly used during endoscopic examinations and can thus also potentially transmit the organism to other horses.Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of different disinfectant methods to eliminate S equi from experimentally contaminated endoscopes and twitches and the effectiveness of field disinfection of endoscopes used in sampling carriers of S equi.Study design Experimental contamination and observational field study.Methods One endoscope and 30 twitches were contaminated with standardised S equi broth solutions. The endoscope was disinfected following three protocols using various disinfectants for manual disinfection. A fourth protocol used an automated endoscope reprocessor (AER). The twitches (n = 30) were disinfected following eight different disinfecting protocols. Three endoscopes used in sampling for silent carriers were disinfected following a field-based protocol. After each protocol the endoscopes and twitches were sampled for S equi by culture and qPCR.Results Following experimental contamination all endoscope disinfection protocols, apart from 1/6 of the ethanol protocol were S equi culture negative. However, no endoscope disinfection protocol completely eliminated retention of S equi DNA. Field disinfection of endoscopes after sampling carriers yielded no culture positives and all but one (13/14) were qPCR negative. All twitches disinfected following experimental contamination were culture negative but sodium hypochlorite was the only disinfectant that completely eliminated detection of S equi DNA.Main limitations Experimental contamination may not reflect the numbers of S equi transferred to endoscopes or twitches during use on silent carriers and purulent secretions from infected horses may influence survival of S equi.Conclusions While most disinfection methods appear to ensure removal of cultivable S equi, residual DNA can remain on both endoscopes and twitches.
|
|
| 23. |
- Vecchio, Tomás Gomez, et al.
(författare)
-
Global health status and fatigue score in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3: A longitudinal population-based study from surgery to 12-month follow-up
- 2024
-
Ingår i: NEURO-ONCOLOGY PRACTICE. - 2054-2577 .- 2054-2585.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. At the group level, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with IDH-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 and 3 seems to remain stable over time. However, clinical experience indicates that there are patients with unfavorable outcomes on key HRQoL subdomains. The aim of this longitudinal population-based study, following patients over a period of 12 months from surgery, was to describe individual-level data on global health status and fatigue score and explore possible predictors of deterioration. Methods. All patients undergoing surgery for presumed glioma grades 2 or 3 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital during 2017-2022, were screened for the study. Patients were invited to complete the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaires and brain module at baseline, 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Data is reported with respect to minimal clinical important difference (MCID). Results. We included 51 patients with IDH-mutant diffuse glioma grades 2 or 3. There was no difference in group-level data of either global health status or fatigue score from baseline to the 12-month follow-up (P-value > .05). Unfavorable individual changes (beyond MCID) in global health status and fatigue score were observed in 12 and in 17 patients, respectively (23.5% and 33.3%). A lower proportion of proton radiotherapy was found in patients with unfavorable changes in fatigue (10/15, 66.7%) compared to all other patients undergoing radiotherapy (22/23, 95.7%, P-value .03). Conclusions. Deterioration beyond MCID was seen in approximately one-third of patients. Changes in global health status could not be predicted, but changes in fatigue may be influenced by tumor-targeted and symptomatic treatment.
|
|
