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- Eckerberg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Varför brister politikerna när det gäller miljömålen?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad ska vi svara? Politikernas ambitiösa miljömål uppfylls sällan eller aldrig. När våra elever frågar oss varför blir vi ofta svaret skyldiga. Om politikerna inte vill att väljarna ska dra slutsatsen att de har misslyckats, måste de ange en realistisk väg att nå de uppsatta målen. Det skulle väcka respekt, skriver ledande forskare och samhällsplanerare.
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- Lindsten, Fredrik
(författare)
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Rao-Blackwellised particle methods for inference and identification
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We consider the two related problems of state inference in nonlinear dynamical systems and nonlinear system identification. More precisely, based on noisy observations from some (in general) nonlinear and/or non-Gaussian dynamical system, we seek to estimate the system state as well as possible unknown static parameters of the system. We consider two different aspects of the state inference problem, filtering and smoothing, with the emphasis on the latter. To address the filtering and smoothing problems, we employ sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods, commonly referred to as particle filters (PF) and particle smoothers (PS).Many nonlinear models encountered in practice contain some tractable substructure. If this is the case, a natural idea is to try to exploit this substructure to obtain more accurate estimates than what is provided by a standard particle method. For the filtering problem, this can be done by using the well-known Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF). In this thesis, we analyse the RBPF and provide explicit expressions for the variance reduction that is obtained from Rao-Blackwellisation. Furthermore, we address the smoothing problem and develop a novel Rao-Blackwellised particle smoother (RBPS), designed to exploit a certain tractable substructure in the model.Based on the RBPF and the RBPS we propose two different methods for nonlinear system identification. The first is a recursive method referred to as the Rao-Blackwellised marginal particle filter (RBMPF). By augmenting the state variable with the unknown parameters, a nonlinear filter can be applied to address the parameter estimation problem. However, if the model under study has poor mixing properties, which is the case if the state variable contains some static parameter, SMC filters such as the PF and the RBPF are known to degenerate. To circumvent this we introduce a so called “mixing” stage in the RBMPF, which makes it more suitable for models with poor mixing properties.The second identification method is referred to as RBPS-EM and is designed for maximum likelihood parameter estimation in a type of mixed linear/nonlinear Gaussian statespace models. The method combines the expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm with the RBPS mentioned above, resulting in an identification method designed to exploit the tractable substructure present in the model.
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| 6. |
- Rubulis, Aigars, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction by the QRS-T angle and T vector loop morphology after angioplasty in stable angina pectoris: an 8-year follow-up.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrocardiology. - 0022-0736. ; 43:4, s. 310-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment by a noninvasive tool would be of great value for CV event prevention. The present study consists of 187 coronary artery disease patients with 8 years of follow-up. Eight vectorcardiographic parameters characterizing different aspects of ventricular repolarization were analyzed at baseline: (1) the ST-segment (ST-VM), (2) the T vector angles (QRS-T angle, Televation, and Tazimuth), (3) the T vector loop morphology (Tavplan and Teigenvalue), and (4) Tarea and Tpeak-end. Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and repeated revascularization were traced via national registries. There were 16 CV deaths and 19 MIs; 89 patients remained free from CV events and revascularization. Ventricular repolarization parameters independently predicted CV death (widened QRS-T angle) and new MI (increased Tavplan) during follow-up. CV mortality was associated with increased divergence between depolarization and repolarization waves (widened QRS-T angle). Increased Tavplan, presumably reflecting heterogeneous repolarization, predicted future MI, which is a novel finding.
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| 14. |
- Rydén, Lennart
(författare)
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Hagiography and Secular Narrative
- 2001
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Ingår i: XXe Congrès international des études byzantines ... Pré-actes. II. Tables rondes. - : Paris. ; , s. 206-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Rydén, Lennart
(författare)
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Time in the Lives of the Fools
- 2000
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Ingår i: Polypleuros nous: Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag. Mit einem Geleitwort von H. Hunger. - : München & Leipzig. ; , s. 311-323
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Turesson, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Increased stiffness of the abdominal aorta in women with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0324 .- 1462-0332. ; 44:7, s. 896-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study the distensibility and the diameter of the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery (CCA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and investigate the relation between mechanical properties of these arteries and disease severity. Methods. One hundred and one patients with RA (33 consecutive cases with extra-articular manifestations, and 68 subjects with non-extra-articular disease, matched for age, sex and disease duration) were investigated. Echo-tracking ultrasonography was used to measure stiffness and mean diameter of the abdominal aorta and the CCA. The patients were compared with healthy individuals from the corresponding age group (n=74 for measurements of the aorta, n = 64 for the CCA). Predicted values for stiffness and mean diameter, based on age and sex, were calculated. Results. Stiffness of the abdominal aorta was increased in women with RA [mean percentage of predicted value (% predicted) 180, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 150-211] but not in men (% predicted 99, 95% CI 75-122). CCA stiffness was less markedly increased, and mean diameters of the aorta and the CCA were not different from the expected. In the RA cohort, patients with extra-articular manifestations tended to have greater stiffness of the aorta (P = 0.11), and disability, as indicated by a higher Health Assessment Questionnaire score, was associated with increased aortic stiffness (P = 0.04). Conclusion. RA is associated with decreased distensibility of the abdominal aorta in females, and such changes seem to correlate with disease severity. We suggest that arterial stiffness is an important factor in cardiovascular co-morbidity in RA. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease : What to expect after 3 years of treatment in a routine clinical setting
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 23:3, s. 150-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: Clinical short-term trails have shown positive effects of donepezil treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The outcome of continuous long-term treatment in the routine clinical settings remains to be investigated. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal, multicentre study. Four hundred and thirty-five outpatients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, received treatment with donepezil. Patients were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), global rating (CIBIC) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) at baseline and every 6 months for a total period of 3 years. Results: The mean MMSE change from baseline was positive for more than 6 months and in subgroups of patients for 12 months. After 3 years of treatment the mean change from baseline in MMSE-score was 3.8 points (95% CI, 3.0-4.7) and the ADAS-cog rise was 8.2 points (95% CI, 6.4-10.1). This is better than expected in untreated historical cohorts, and better than the ADAS-cog rise calculated by the Stern equation (15.6 points, 95% CI, 14.5-16.6). After 3 years with 38% of the patients remaining, 30% of the them were unchanged or improved in the global assessment. Conclusion: Three-year donepezil treatment showed a positive global and cognitive outcome in the routine clinical setting. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG.
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