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- Persson, Carina, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The first spectral line surveys searching for signals from the dark ages
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - Paris : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 515:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. Our aim is to observationally investigate the cosmic Dark Ages in order to constrain star and structure formation models, as well as the chemical evolution in the early Universe. Methods. Spectral lines from atoms and molecules in primordial perturbations at high redshifts can give information about the conditions in the early universe before and during the formation of the first stars in addition to the epoch of reionisation. The lines may arise from moving primordial perturbations before the formation of the first stars (resonant scattering lines), or could be thermal absorption or emission lines at lower redshifts. The difficulties in these searches are that the source redshift and evolutionary state, as well as molecular species and transition are unknown, which implies that an observed line can fall within a wide range of frequencies. The lines are also expected to be very weak. Observations from space have the advantages of stability and the lack of atmospheric features which is important in such observations. We have therefore, as a first step in our searches, used the Odin* satellite to perform two sets of spectral line surveys towards several positions. The first survey covered the band 547-578 GHz towards two positions, and the second one covered the bands 542.0-547.5 GHz and 486.5-492.0 GHz towards six positions selected to test different sizes of the primordial clouds. Two deep searches centred at 543.250 and 543.100 GHz with 1 GHz bandwidth were also performed towards one position. The two lowest rotational transitions of H-2 will be redshifted to these frequencies from z similar to 20-30, which is the predicted epoch of the first star formation. Results. No lines are detected at an rms level of 14-90 and 5-35 mK for the two surveys, respectively, and 2-7 mK in the deep searches with a channel spacing of 1-16 MHz. The broad bandwidth covered allows a wide range of redshifts to be explored for a number of atomic and molecular species and transitions. From the theoretical side, our sensitivity analysis show that the largest possible amplitudes of the resonant lines are about 1 mK at frequencies less than or similar to 200 GHz, and a few mu K around 500-600 GHz, assuming optically thick lines and no beam-dilution. However, if existing, thermal absorption lines have the potential to be orders of magnitude stronger than the resonant lines. We make a simple estimation of the sizes and masses of the primordial perturbations at their turnaround epochs, which previously has been identified as the most favourable epoch for a detection. This work may be considered as an important pilot study for our forthcoming observations with the Herschel Space Observatory.
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- Rezapour, Azar, et al.
(författare)
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A type I interferon footprint in pre-operative biopsies is an independent biomarker that in combination with CD8(+) T cell quantification can improve the prediction of response to neoadjuvant treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: OncoImmunology. - 2162-402X. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tailored treatment for patients with rectal cancer requires clinically available markers to predict their response to neoadjuvant treatment. The quantity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in pre-operative tumor biopsies has been suggested to predict a favorable response, but opposing results exist. A biopsy-adapted Immunoscore (ISB) based on TILs has recently emerged as a promising predictor of tumor regression and prognosis in (colo)rectal cancer. We aimed to refine the ISB for prediction of response using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) on pre-operative rectal cancer biopsies. We combined the distribution and density of conventional T cell subsets and ?dT cells with a type I Interferon (IFN)-driven response assessed using Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) expression. We found that pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant treatment was associated with type I IFN. Stratification of patients according to the density of CD8(+) in the entire tumor tissue and MxA(+) cells in tumor stroma, where equal weight was assigned to both parameters, resulted in improved predictive quality compared to the ISB. This novel stratification approach using these two independent parameters in pre-operative biopsies could potentially aid in identifying patients with a good chance of achieving a pCR following neoadjuvant treatment.
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- Rydbeck, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Survival in relation to time to start of curative treatment of colon cancer: A national register-based observational noninferiority study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - 1462-8910. ; 25:8, s. 1613-1621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThere are ample discussions regarding the timing of treatment, especially in the era after Covid that caused delay to treatment. The aim of this study was to determine whether a delayed start to curative treatment, within 29-56 days after a diagnosis of colon cancer, was noninferior to starting treatment within 28 days, with regard to all-cause mortality.MethodThis is a national register-based observational noninferiority study, with a noninferiority margin of hazard ratio (HR) 1.1, including all patients treated with curative intent for colon cancer in Sweden between 2008 and 2016. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, readmissions and reoperations within 1 year after surgery. Exclusion criteria were emergency surgery, disseminated disease at diagnosis, missing diagnosis date and treatment for another cancer 5 years before colon cancer diagnosis.ResultsA total of 20 836 individuals were included. A period of 29-56 days from diagnosis to start of curative treatment was noninferior versus starting treatment within 28 days for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89-1.00). Starting treatment within 29-56 days was associated with a shorter length of stay (average 9.2 vs. 10 days) but a higher risk of reoperation compared to within 28 days. Post hoc analyses demonstrated that surgical modality was driving survival rather than time to treatment. Overall survival was greater after laparoscopic surgery (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.88).ConclusionFor patients with colon cancer, a period of up to 56 days from diagnosis to the start of curative treatment did not lead to worse overall survival.
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- Rydbeck, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Younger age at onset of colorectal cancer is associated with increased patient's delay
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049. ; 154, s. 269-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study aimed to investigate if younger age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with a diagnostic delay. The secondary objective was to evaluate if symptomatology varied with age. Method: The study population consisted of the cohorts from two prospective multicentre studies conducted in Sweden and Denmark, the QoLiRECT and QoLiCOL studies. These studies investigated the quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Participants responded to the validated questionnaires used to extract information on patient's and doctor's delay as well as first presenting symptoms. Clinical variables were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group Database. Results: 2574 patients were included, 1085 from QoLiRECT and 1489 from QoLiCOL. The probability of an increased patient's delay was higher when age decreased by 10 years (the SD in both QoLiRECT and QoLiCOL), adjusted OR 1.19 (95%CI: 1.10; 1.30), p < 0.001. A similar effect was found for doctor's delay, but the age effect was smaller in this case, adjusted OR 1.05 (95%CI: 0.97; 1.15), p Z 0.177. When the age effect was analysed non linearly, an increased probability of a delay was seen for patients from around 60 years and below. Younger patients were equally or more likely to report the symptoms of blood in stool, diarrhoea, constipation, mucus in faeces, faecal urgency, faecal emptying difficulties and pain compared to older patients. Conclusion: Younger patients were more likely to have an increased patient's delay, probably contributing to a delayed diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Symptomatology at diagnosis was similar irrespective of age. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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