| 1. |
- Hjalmarsson Jordanius, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Transformation of the Automotive Industry Through Collaboration Hubs : The Development of Mobility X Lab to Source Startups Through Matchmaking
- 2021. - 2
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Ingår i: Digitalization Cases Vol. 2. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030800024 - 9783030800031 ; , s. 203-225
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- (a) Situation faced: The prospects of digitalization in the automotive industry are enormous with emerging technology concepts, such as electrification, autonomous driving, connected mobile services, and new business models. However, digital innovation has proven difficult for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) due to complex organizational structures, corporate cultures, and technological inertia associated with the automotive industry. In a recent rating of the 50 firms that best combine new technology with effective business models, only 2 were automotive companies. The obstacles to digital innovation are related to closed innovation processes and to deficient collaboration forms with external development firms, i.e., startups. (b) Action taken: To overcome these challenges, a coalition of incumbent automotive and telecommunication firms set up a joint incubator, the Mobility X Lab (MXL), to engage with startups to support internalizing external technologies. Since its inception, the incubator has gone through several development phases and is currently transforming into a collaboration hub. So far, MXL has admitted 5 batches including 40 startups. An important distinguishing characteristic of MXL is that it only admits startups with two or more coalition partners involved. (c) Results achieved: MXL started as an incubator with a mentoring-based accelerator program. As MXL has developed, it has transformed into a collaboration hub and a neutral partner for fostering startup collaboration and engagement in the automotive industry. Based on lessons learned from startup batches and partner discussions, MXL has advanced, from offering traditional mentoring support, to be a central node in the innovation ecosystem of future mobility in Sweden, thus becoming a matchmaker for startup collaboration, providing guidance and access for startups to incumbent automotive and telecommunication firms and at the same time providing the partners with access to external technology, supporting them to stay relevant. (d) Lessons learned: Through the development of MXL, a coalition of established automotive and telecommunication firms have learned to manage some of the tensions related to digital transformation of their industry. By examining the case of MXL, a number of lessons can be learned: (1) Ensure partner interest through the “two partners” criteria, (2) initial emphasis on engaging startups and less focus on a complete process, (3) announce partner needs without disclosing partner pain-points, (4) coach startups and corporate partners simultaneously, (5) manage expectations early for both startups and corporate partners, (6) develop and implement sound collaboration measures, and (7) joint headship requires a consensus-based governance model
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rannikko, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical exploration of a cohort of new technology-based firms in Sweden: what happens to them during their early years?
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Contexts: Frontiers in European Entrepreneurship Research. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. ; , s. 166-186
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter contributes to the current understanding of new technologybased firm growth. We find a surprisingly high survival rate (70 per cent) for the 2006 cohort of NTBFs at the end of 2014 and this rate is much higher than those reported in previous studies. Additionally, we find that very few firms experience high-growth during their first seven years (0.6 to 3 per cent from the cohort) and that, among the high-growth firms, employment growth and sales growth are highly correlated. To address the challenges of measuring growth for new and small firms, we show the potential usefulness of the kink-point approach. Researchers can use this approach to capture much of the growth excluded in other measures, for example, the OECD measure.
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| 4. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Business Model Measurements: A Systematic Literature Review
- 2015
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Ingår i: RENT XXIX – Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Zagreb, November 18-20.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: In this paper, we systematically review the ways to measure business models and we explain what measures would help us to further develop our study of the link between business architectures and performance. Indeed, until today, a great variety of measures of business model have been made, but no consensual measurement tool has emerged. The absence of general measurement tools makes it hard to analyse the effects that a business model might have on firm performance.Prior work: Focus of business models has been shifting from understanding how organizational design allows firm growth in internet industry (Timmers 1998) to the study of value creation in any industry (Amit & Zott 2001). As such, business model research produced many different definitions of the concept (Onetti et al. 2012), and there are some literature reviews trying to understand what a business model is and what it aims for (e.g. George & Bock 2011; Zott et al. 2011; Sahut et al. 2012). Most frameworks on business models describe the concept as configuration of business activities to create and deliver value for customers, converting it into economic value (Chesbrough & Rosenbloom 2002; Magretta 2002). Thus, it starts to be consensus on what a business model is, but we still need a clarification of business model measurement tools.Approach: We conduct a systematic review of prior research on business models, focusing on how the business model is measured, and why. We also consider what conclusions can be drawn by authors with their measurement tools. This systematic review method has shown its relevance in context of research topics that are dispersed and need focus and clarification (Schneider & Spieth 2013). This is especially the case for the literature on business models (Baden-Fuller & Morgan 2010). The review process is adapted from systematic review methodology (Tranfield et al. 2003) to make the literature review transparent and replicable. As such, we have a two steps review process: first, we select papers on business model measurements, and then, we analyse them with systematic methods.Results: Beyond classifying and evaluating business models based on proposed components in models, our results show that research has mainly focused on the change and innovation of business models on the one hand, and on efficiency on the other hand. The more quantitative measurements have focused on how the entire business model affects innovativeness or performance of the firm, not providing however, a consensus of how business models in general can be measured across different industries.Implications and Value: Previous research on business model focusing on qualitative measurement does not fully support practitioners or academia to understand the impact of business models and how different choices influence some firm dimensions. The results of this systematic literature review bring some solutions to this measurement issue of business models and contribute to extend the scope of business model measurements. A standard measure of business model allows academics to actually assess the effect of firms’ architecture across industry. Thus, it is adding value to the research field on business models as well as to practitioners who want to be able to measure the effects of their business activities.
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| 5. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Business networks and localization effects for new Swedish technology-based firms’ innovation performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Technology Transfer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0892-9912 .- 1573-7047. ; 44:5, s. 1457-1476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the business networks and localization effects for new technology-based firms (NTBFs) in the context of innovation performance (the number of patents and product differentiation). In this regard, the study includes 28 variables. A survey was conducted in 2016 with 401 Swedish NTBFs that were small and young (the employment mean was 1.80 and the average age of each firm was 28.3 months). The biggest category of NTBFs was knowledge-intensive high-technology services, followed by medium high-technology manufacturing, and high-technology manufacturing. Hypotheses on how business networks and localization are related to innovation performance were tested using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results show that the primary significant factor for innovation performance regarding business networks and localization dimensions are professional network services, while industrial and regional areas also have a positive relationship on product differentiation. Our study also shows that innovation performance enhances firms’ abilities to access external financing through professional network services (e.g., venture capital companies).
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| 6. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989
(författare)
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Early Development of New Technology-Based Firms: How Internal and External Resource Dimensions Impact and Structure the Firm
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do founders’ and firms’ business environment impact the early development of new technology-based firms (NTBFs)? In order to answer this question, this thesis explores how internal and external resource dimensions impact and structure the early development of NTBFs. NTBFs are known for their technological innovation and their abilities to boost economic growth and development. These new, young firms are vulnerable in their first years of development, and their development is dependent on resources related to the founders and external business environment. Impacts from these internal and external resource dimensions provide means for firms to develop. Explaining how these dimensions together influence the early development of NTBFs would broaden the perspective on these firms in their first years, clarifying the type of support required for these firms. Examining NTBFs both qualitatively and quantitatively, the thesis analysed the structuring of the early development and the impacts on it, including business- and innovation performance, and initial business models. Findings reveal that the early development is affected by internal resource dimensions, such as founders’ previous business experiences and relationships within their business environment, and by external resource dimensions such as the type of business networks and firm localisation. However, impacts from these internal or external resource dimensions differ over time depending on founders’ experiences, maturity, and self-trust, and hence one dimension or the other dominates the early development. The thesis contributes to the research on NTBFs and entrepreneurship, describing and analysing imprinting effects of the aforementioned dimensions, such as founders’ attitudes, on the firms’ early development. It also discussed how the external business environment becomes less influential on the firms’ development as the founders rely more on own decisions to do business.
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| 7. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of internal and external resource dimensions on the business performance of new technology-based firms
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effects of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) internal and external resources on their early business performance. Based on a large unique dataset of 401 newly started NTBFs, we find that founders’ business experience and their firms’ proximity to other firms positively affect early business performance. Growth orientation is found to be negatively related to business performance, which might suggest a certain level of over-optimism among entrepreneurs with aspiration to grow fast.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989
(författare)
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Initial Business Models in New Technology-Based Firms: Dimensions and Founders' Prioritisations
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Business models have been emphasised in research as an important concept for studying and understanding firms’ value creation and performance. The business model in literature is understood as how firms configure their businesses, including how they create and deliver value for their customers, and how they capture economic value from its offering. Recently, research has highlighted the founder’s role in the firm’s business model, pointing to a cognitive perspective in business models. Emphasising this perspective makes founders’ perceptions and prioritisations essential in understanding the link between business models and firm performance. However, the relationship of these prioritisations to the business model dimensions in extant literature still requires clarification, and so far, such a connection has not been fully addressed.The purpose of this thesis is to connect business model dimensions and founders’ prioritisations. This is addressed through a systematic literature review of business models and through a multiple-case study, including interactive and retrospective parts, of eight new technology-based firms (NTBFs).The results recognise three measurable dimensions of the business model in literature: innovation, change, and efficiency. Measurements are identified for each of these dimensions to facilitate the connection of each dimension with firm performance. Further, the case study’s results demonstrate three distinct ways in which founders of NTBFs prioritise within their business model in the start-up phase. These prioritisations focus on customers, value chain partners, and finance. This thesis further recognises a connection between the customer-focused business model in NTBFs and innovation and change dimensions, and a connection between prioritising partners and the change and efficiency dimension. Additionally, the results indicate a connection between the financial focus and the business model’s dimension of efficiency.The thesis contributes to business model literature, and to the field of entrepreneurship, by addressing the connection between business model dimensions in literature and founders’ prioritisations. Moreover, the thesis suggests future research with a focus on the interrelations among business model dimensions, and potential effect of these dimensions and founders’ prioritisations on firm performance.
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| 11. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Initial configurations and business models in new technology-based firms: A case study approach
- 2015
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Ingår i: The 23rd Nordic Academy of Management Conference, Copenhagen, August 12-14.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to analyse perceptions of initial configuration and business models in new technology-based firms (NTBFs). Based on our findings on this exploratory study we also aim to search for theoretical explanation of the observed behaviour and to give insights to support future development of quantitative measurements of initial business models. Design: The paper is empirically investigating initial configurations and business models of NTBFs in the first years of start-up, with data compiled from case studies of 8 Swedish NTBFs. Firms were selected based on Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE) codes considered high-tech and the year of founding.Findings: The study illustrate how founders structure their business activities in the start-up, and which components of the business model that they consider most important (e.g. identify value proposition and create relationship to customers). We could also recognise signs of isomorphic behaviour among the NTBFs, which suggest that institutional theory could be a fruitful area for future research on business models.Originality/value: The paper adds value to business model research by describing how NTBFs’ structure their initial business activities and which dimensions of the initially business model that are perceived as more crucial during the early years of NTBFs. Furthermore, we also contribute to future development of quantitative measurements of initial business models.
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| 12. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Initial configurations and business models in new technology-based firms. Journal of business models
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Models. - 2246-2465. ; 4:1, s. 63-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to analyse founders’ perceptions of initial configurations and businessmodels in new technology-based firms (NTBFs).Design: Case studies were performed using semi-structured interviews and interactive techniques involvingopen questions and activity cards to capture perceptions of activities that form the firms’ businessmodels.Findings: The Business Model template, commonly referred to as the Business Model Canvas, is frequentlyused among these companies and seemed to have shaped the business model discourse in our casecompanies. Our findings also indicate that founders of NTBFs perceive their customer value proposition asthe most valuable element of their business model. We also recognized signs of the influence of financialpartners on the founders’ perceptions of the initial business models. Furthermore, findings show thatsome NTBFs create parallel business models within their firms to ensure survival in the start-up phase.Originality / Value: The paper adds value to business model research by describing how NTBFs’ structuretheir initial business activities and the elements of their initial business models perceived to be as morecrucial during the early years as well as how these perceptions change.
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| 13. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Novelty-oriented value propositions for new technology-based firms: Impact of business networks and growth orientation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of High Technology Management Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1047-8310. ; 29:2, s. 161-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To perform, new technology-based firms (NTBFs) need to develop value for customers that distinguish them from others in the market. Therefore, the development of novelty-oriented value propositions are important, and may be influenced by several factors. We argue that the propensity to become more novelty-oriented can be influenced by an internal drive to grow (growth orientation) and by external contributions (business networks). Hence, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how business networks and growth orientation effects on the novelty orientation of NTBF value propositions. Based on survey data from 401 NTBFs founded between 2013 and 2015, in the nascent start-up phase novelty-oriented value propositions of NTBFs positively relate to informal (management) networks, as well as founders' attitudes towards growth. Thus, such networks and attitudes from founders should be supported in the very early phases of start-up if novelty orientation is to be preferred as a performance determinant.
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| 14. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of Initial Business Models in New Technology-Based Firms
- 2015
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Ingår i: RENT XXIX – Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Zagreb, November 18-20.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The paper explores the perception of initial business models in new technology-based firms (NTBF). Understanding perceptions of the business model concept could offer explanations to decisions made when developing the business model. Moreover, it could offer explanations about consequences that business models may have on firm performance and survival.Literature review: The field of business model has expanded since the nineties, discussing perspectives of firms and how firms create, deliver and capture value (see e.g. Zott et al., 2011). For NTBFs, the change and innovation of the initial business model are important for adapting to the variation in the business environment, thus influencing the success (Morris et al., 2005; Andries and Debackere, 2007). However, how founders perceive and define their business model are still not addressed clearly in previous research (DaSilva and Trkman, 2014), which create a gap in our understanding of what influences decision-making when developing the business model. Consequently, it will affect the performance of these new ventures. Hence, exploration of founders’ perception of initial business models in NTBFs is important to increase our understanding of how business model are formed and ultimately affect firms’ performance and survival.Approach: Due to the explorative nature of our research problem, case studies where chosen as the most appropriate data collection method. In total 28 Swedish NTBFs has been investigated through semi-structured interviews, discussions with founders and managers of these firms and plant visits. Cases (NTBFs) were selected based on two criteria; founding year (not older than five years) and technological intensity and based on NACE codes. An interview guide was developed with interactive elements, which enhanced the possibilities to capture the perceptions of initial business model. The guide was partly based on the Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010) – a tool that is frequently used to describe, analyse and design business models. The interactive elements included timelines and physical cards with names of business model building blocks that the respondent where asked to sort, rank, and describe. Further, analysis of the data were made in two steps: first, each case was coded and within-analysed, and secondly, cross-case analysis (Eisenhardt, 1989; Eisenhardt and Graebner, 2007) was used to compare and find relationships between cases.Results: The findings from the qualitative data demonstrate that founders with a coherent (complete) perception of what a business model is – that is can account for the essential elements contained in the concept – more often prioritize customers in the development process, and further have a more controlled process (i.e. knowing where the firm is heading) when it comes to performance. There are also indications that involvement of external financial partners in the business model development process, can have either an influence towards a partial perception and an uncontrolled process on the one hand, or a complete perception, prioritization on customers and a controlled process on the other hand.Implication and value: The paper enhance the business model literature by offering propositions of a relation between founders’ perception of the business model concept and possible consequences for the firms’ performance. Further, the study provides implications for practitioners and entrepreneurs founding NTBFs by suggesting consideration of customer interaction in the start-up phase, and what founders should have in mind if involving external financial partners in the development process.
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| 15. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989
(författare)
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Stakeholder roles in business model development in new technology-based firms
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the roles of external stakeholders in the business model development of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) from the perspective of the founders. Based on a longitudinal study of two Swedish NTBFs, semi-structured interviews, including timeline mapping, were conducted with the founders of each firm over a period of two years, drawing on retrospective data from the first year of founding. The findings reveal that stakeholder interaction is first initiated based on the position the stakeholder has in relation to the firm, whereas what tasks the stakeholder perform in relation to NTBF resource needs has greater consequences for the business model development. The roles of stakeholders further help shape founder perceptions of how to do business, although such influence may be limited over time. The results provide valuable insight into the influence of founders’ perceptions and firms’ business networks on the business configuration of NTBFs, revealing that business model development is both endogenous and exogenous. Specifically, the study provides some original insights around which roles stakeholders play in the early development of the business model and why these roles are necessary at certain points in time.
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| 16. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989
(författare)
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Stakeholders’ Roles in Business Model Development of New Technology-Based Firms
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Firms’ business models develop from interactions with external stakeholders, though the consequences of such interactions for the initial business models are unclear. This study investigates stakeholders’ roles in new technology-based firms’ (NTBFs’) business model development and the mechanisms explaining the importance of these roles in the founders’ focus of attention during development. Through a longitudinal case study of two Swedish NTBFs, the results reveal that external stakeholders’ roles become influential through close interactions, and the types of exchanges between the founder and stakeholders, which have consequences for different parts of the business model. Furthermore, the importance of the role depends on the cognitive schemas, based on previous experience, that exist within the founder at the time of founding, which affects duration of development. The results provide valuable insights on the influence of firms’ networks on the business configuration and founders’ attention structure; thus, indicating that the business model is network-related.
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| 17. |
- Rydehell, Hanna, 1989
(författare)
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The Roles of Stakeholders in Business Model Development
- 2016
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Ingår i: RENT XXX – Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Antwerp, November 16-18.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Expanding the focus of the business model as firm-centric, and developed internally based on the founder or manager, this paper emphasis the notion of network-embeddedness and investigates how stakeholders take role in the business model development in new technology-based firms (NTBF).Prior work: The business model as a concept has been studied by researchers to describe how firms create and capture value, thus, how the firms ‘do businesses’ and how they perform. In this sense, the business model is firm-centric. With increased attention on business model innovation, the development of business models in young firms would need further investigation to increase awareness of how founders focus their attention to develop their initial business models. Furthermore, for NTBFs, resources in the start-up phase are scarce and thus, collaboration with stakeholders in the business network is necessary. Accordingly, the young firm need to rely on external organisations to gain access to resources. Consequently, the business network and the players (stakeholders) in it would impact on the business model developed. However, from the perspective of the business model as network-embedded, how these stakeholders take part in the business model development is still not clear and needs further investigation to explain the roles that different stakeholders play in the business configuration.Approach: The study is based on a longitudinal case study of two NTBFs. Semi-structured interviews with founders of the two case firms over a period of one and a half years, including retrospective data from the first years of start-up, have provided the basis for examine the development of the firms’ business models and what roles different stakeholders played in the development. Further, drawing on an attention-based view of the firm, the cases were analysed to explain mechanisms through which the roles played an important part for the focus of attention in business configuration.Results: The findings indicate that the most common roles of external stakeholders frequently interacting with the NTBF are ‘advisor’, ‘connector’, ‘evaluator’, ‘co-developer’, and ‘supplier of know-how’. The roles of business advisors at Science Parks and incubators differ between the role as advisor and the role as connector for the young firm, depending on the kind of previous industry experience of the founder. Customers and suppliers are the most influencing stakeholders for the firm’s initial business model and share the similarities of playing the role of ‘co-developer’, which is a role that impact on the firm’s value proposition, however, in different ways depending on type of exchange between stakeholder and focal firm. Overall, the closeness of interaction between the founder and a stakeholder (e.g., customer), and the exchange between then, made the role more influential for the business model development, but the role’s impact further depended on what schemas that existed for the founder to structure their attention at founding. Accordingly, three mechanisms were identified through which stakeholders play important roles of the business model developed; closeness of interaction, type of exchange, and founder’s suitable attention structure.Implication and value: The paper adds value to the research field of business models, concerning both academia and practitioner, by offering insights of the role of a firm’s network for business model development and what roles different stakeholder play. Thus, highlighting the firm’s network, allows for a broader perspective on the business model and what roles that are influencing on what is going on with the business model at a firm’s start-up.
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