| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Högström, Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Dance and Yoga Reduced Functional Abdominal Pain in Young Girls : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 26:2, s. 336-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The evidence for existing treatments is mixed, and effective accessible treatments are needed. Dance, a rhythmic cardio-respiratory activity, combined with yoga, which enhances relaxation and focus, may provide physiological and psychological benefits that could help to ease pain.Objectives: The aim with this study was to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention on maximum abdominal pain in 9- to 13-year- old girls with FAPDs.Methods: This study was a prospective randomised controlled trial with 121 participants recruited from outpatient clinics as well as the general public. The intervention group participated in dance and yoga twice weekly for 8 months; controls received standard care. Abdominal pain, as scored on the Faces Pain Scale–Revised, was recorded in a pain diary. A linear mixed model was used to estimate the outcomes and effect sizes.Results: Dance and yoga were superior to standard healthcare alone, with a medium to high between-group effect size and significantly greater pain reduction (b = −1.29, p = 0.002) at the end of the intervention.Conclusions: An intervention using dance and yoga is likely a feasible and beneficial complementary treatment to standard health care for 9- to 13-year-old girls with FAPDs.Significance: FAPDs affect children, especially girls, all over the world. The negative consequences such as absence from school, high consumption of medical care and depression pose a considerable burden on children and their families and effective treatments are needed. This is the first study examining a combined dance/yoga intervention for young girls with FAPDs and the result showed a reduction of abdominal pain. These findings contribute with new evidence in the field of managing FAPDs in a vulnerable target group.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Philipson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME) : Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: JMIR Research Protocols. - Toronto, Canada : JMIR Publications. - 1929-0748. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs.Methods: The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2).Results: Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023.Conclusions: Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work ofreducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls.
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| 6. |
- Philipsson, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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”Just in TIME” - Intervention med dans och yoga för flickor med funktionell magsmärta och IBS
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakgrund och syfteFunktionell magsmärta drabbar många barn i skolåldern, mestadels flickor. Det kan leda till minskad livskvalitet, skolfrånvaro, sämre sömn, försämrade kamratkontakter och ökad vårdkonsumtion. Det vetenskapliga underlaget för interventioner vid långvarig smärta hos barn är begränsat. Dans kan öka rörelseglädje och förbättra kroppskännedom, vilket i sin tur påverkar självtillit och kan öka psykiskt välbefinnande. Yoga kan ge mental avslappning och reducera stressreaktioner. Syftet med studien är att utvärdera effekten av en intervention med dans och yoga på återkommande magsmärta, stress och depressiva symtom samt på funktion i vardagen hos flickor 9-13 år som har funktionell buksmärta och IBS.MetodEn randomiserad kontrollerad studie genomförs med forskningspersoner som identifieras via diagnosregister samt barnmottagningarna i Västerås och Örebro, samt från primärvården. Interventionen består av dans och yoga med fokus på rörelseglädje, gemenskap och kravlöshet, och utförs som gruppaktivitet två ggr/veckan under 8 månader. Primärt utfall är förändring av magsmärta efter 8 mån. Flickorna följs upp under fem år avseende magsmärta, självskattad hälsa, stress och psykiskt välmående, fysisk aktivitet och skolfunktioner. Vidare studeras kostnad i relation till nytta.Resultat/(Planerade studier)Projektet pågår och de första resultaten beräknas publiceras hösten 2019. Projektet utvärderas både kvalitativt, genom intervjuer med flickor och vårdnadshavare, och kvantitativt, genom bland annat analys av smärtdagböcker, upplevd hälsa, stress samt med en hälsoekonomisk analys. Därutöver utvärderas salivkortisol och faeces som objektiva mått. KonklusionStudien förväntas leda till ökad kunskap om icke-farmakologiska insatser för barn samt hur behandlingsinsatser för målgruppen kan breddas med ett kostnadseffektivt alternativ till ”standard care”.
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| 7. |
- Areskoug Sandberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Saliva Cortisol in Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders : A Randomized Controlled Dance and Yoga Intervention.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) are common among girls and has been associated with stress. Cortisol is one of the major stress hormones. Dance and yoga have been shown to reduce abdominal pain among girls with FAPDs.AIM: To investigate the effect of an 8-month intervention with dance and yoga on cortisol levels in saliva among girls with FAPDs.METHODS: A total of 121 girls aged 9-13 years with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional abdominal pain were included in the study. Participants were randomized into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group attended a combined dance and yoga session twice a week for 8 months. Saliva samples were collected during 1 day, in the morning and evening, at baseline, and at 4 and 8 months. Subjective pain and stress were assessed as well.RESULTS: No significant effects on saliva cortisol levels between groups were observed after completion of the intervention at 8 months. However, evening cortisol and evening/morning quotient were significantly reduced at 4 months in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.01, p = 0.004). There was no association between cortisol quota and pain or stress.CONCLUSION: Improvements in cortisol levels were seen in the intervention group at 4 months but did not persist until the end of the study. This indicates that dance and yoga could have a stress-reducing effect during the ongoing intervention.
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| 8. |
- Bixo Ottosson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Self-care management of type 1 diabetes has improved in Swedish schools according to children and adolescents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 106:12, s. 1987-1993
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Age-appropriate support for diabetes self-care is essential during school time, and we investigated the perceived quality of support children and adolescents received in 2015 and 2008.Methods: This national study was based on questionnaires answered by children and adolescents aged 6–15 years of age with type 1 diabetes attending schools or preschools in 2008 (n = 317) and 2015 (n = 570) and separate parental questionnaires. The subjects were recruited by Swedish paediatric diabetes units, with 41/44 taking part in 2008 and 41/42 in 2015.Results: Fewer participants said they were treated differently in school because of their diabetes in 2015 than 2008. The opportunity to perform insulin boluses and glucose monitoring in privacy increased (80% versus 88%; p < 0.05). Most (83%) adolescents aged 13–15 years were satisfied with the support they received, but levels were lower in girls (p < 0.05). More subjects had hypoglycaemia during school hours (84% versus 70%, p < 0.001), but hypoglycaemia support did not increase and was lower for adolescents than younger children (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Children and adolescents received more support for type 1 diabetes in Swedish schools in 2015 than 2008, but more support is needed by girls and during hypoglycaemia.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Fureman, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Multiple Daily Injections in children with type 1 diabetes in Sweden from 2011 to 2016 : a longitudinal study from the Swedish National Quality Register (SWEDIABKIDS)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 22:5, s. 766-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare metabolic control measured as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the risk of severe hypoglycemia, and body composition measured as BMI-SDS in a nationwide sample of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI), respectively.METHODS: Longitudinal data from 2011-2016 were extracted from the Swedish National Quality Register (SWEDIABKIDS) with both cross-sectional (6 years) and longitudinal (4 years) comparisons. Main end points were changes in HbA1c, BMI-SDS, and incidence of severe hypoglycemia.RESULTS: <0.001) and the use of CSII increased in both sexes and all age groups. Mean HbA1c was 0.1% (0.7-1.5 mmol/mol) lower in the CSII treated group. Teenagers, especially girls, using CSII tended to have higher BMI-SDS. There was no difference in the number of hypoglycemias between CSII and MDI over the years 2011-2016.CONCLUSION: There was a small decrease in HbA1c with CSII treatment but of little clinical relevance. Overall, mean HbA1c decreased in both sexes and all age groups without increasing the episodes of severe hypoglycemia, indicating that other factors than insulin method contributed to a better metabolic control.
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| 11. |
- Fureman, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Partial clinical remission of Type 1 diabetes in Swedish children : A longitudinal study from the Swedish National Quality Register (SWEDIABKIDS) and the Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1520-9156 .- 1557-8593.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the frequency and characteristics of partial remission in Swedish children with type 1 diabetes and whether insulin delivery method, i.e., continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) affect incidence and duration of this period 2007-2011. Factors that increase the proportion of subjects that enter partial remission and extend this period can improve long-term metabolic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia, improve quality of life and in the long run reduce late complications.METHODS: Longitudinal data from 2007-2020 were extracted from the Swedish National Quality Register (SWEDIABKIDS) with all reported newly diagnosed children. Data on C-peptide from the participants in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study (BDD) from 2007-2010 were used. The definition of partial remission was Insulin Dose Adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c): HbA1c (%)+(4 x total daily insulin dose (U/kg/day)) ≤9.RESULTS: Of the 3,887 patients, 56% were boys. More boys than girls were in partial remission throughout the follow-up period until 24 months after diabetes onset. Fewer children 0-6 years old had partial remission at 3 and 12 months but not at 24 months compared to older age groups. A larger proportion of patients using CSII at 12 and 24 months remained in partial remission compared to those with MDI (37% vs 33%, p=0.02 and 31% vs 27%, p<0.01 respectively). The level of C-peptide was higher in the group with partial remission and mean HbA1c was lower, both p<0.001. Partial remission at 12 months after diabetes onset was associated with CSII (OR:1.39 CI:1.13, 1.71), shorter diabetes duration (OR:0.80 CI:0.76, 0.84) and male sex (OR:1.23 CI:1.04, 1.46)Conclusions/interpretation: Insulin through MDI, longer duration of diabetes, and female sex were associated with lower frequency of partial remission. Use of CSII seem to contribute to longer partial remission among Swedish children with type 1 diabetes.
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| 12. |
- Gray, Howard W. I., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative biogeography and the evolution of population structure for bottlenose and common dolphins in the Indian Ocean
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 48:7, s. 1654-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: In the marine environment, where there are few physical boundaries to gene flow, there is often nevertheless intraspecific diversity with consequences for effective conservation and management. Here, we compare two closely related dolphin species with a shared distribution in the Indian Ocean (IO) to better understand the biogeographic drivers of their population structure.Location: Global oceans and seas with a focus on the Indian OceanTaxon: Tursiops sp. and Delphinus sp.Methods: Bayesian, ordination, assignment, statistical and phylogenetic analyses to assess phylogeography, connectivity and population structure using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA genetic markers.Results: Both Tursiops sp. and Delphinus sp. showed population structure across the western IO and, in each case, populations in the Arabian Sea (off India, Pakistan and Oman) were most differentiated. Comparisons with other populations worldwide revealed independent lineages in this geographic region for both genera. For T. aduncus, (for which multiple sites within the IO could be compared), Bayesian modelling best supported a scenario of expansion southwards following a bottleneck event resulting in differentiation between the northern and western IO. For Delphinus, the same pattern is even more pronounced. Populations in the Arabian Sea region of the north-western IO show genetic isolation for each of the two genera, consistent with other studies of cetacean species in this region.Main conclusions: We propose that changes in the intensity of the southwest monsoon during the climate cycles of the Pleistocene could have affected regional patterns of productivity and represent an important biogeographic driver promoting the observed patterns of differentiation and population dynamics seen in our focal species. Patterns of population genetic structure are consistent with phenotypic differences, suggesting an influence from distinct habitats and resources, and emphasising the need for effective conservation measures in this geographic region.
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| 13. |
- Gummesson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education : development and exploration of social validity
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6920. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders.Aim: The aim of our work was to define Core EPAs for undergraduate medical education and further explore the social validity of the constructs.Method and material: In a nationwide collaboration, EPAs were developed using a modified Delphi procedure and validated according to EQual by a group consisting of teachers nominated from each of the seven Swedish medical schools, two student representatives, and an educational developer (n = 16). In the next step, social validity was explored in a nationwide survey. The survey introduced the suggested EPAs. For each EPA, the importance of the EPA was rated, as was the rater’s perception of the present graduates’ required level of supervision when performing the activity. Free-text comments were also included and analyzed.Results: Ten Core EPAs were defined and validated. The validation scores for EQual ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. The nationwide survey had 473 responders. All activities were rated as “important” by most responders, ranging from 54 to 96%. When asked how independent current graduates were in performing the ten activities, 6 to 35% reported “independent”. The three themes of the free text comments were: ‘relevant target areas and content’; ‘definition of the activities’; and ‘clinical practice and learning’.Conclusion: Ten Core EPAs were defined and assessed as relevant for Swedish undergraduate medical education. There was a consistent gap between the perceived importance and the certainty that the students could perform these professional activities independently at the time of graduation. These results indicate that the ten EPAs may have a role in undergraduate education by creating clarity for all stakeholders.
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| 14. |
- Ludvigsson, Johnny, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Etanercept, GAD-alum and vitamin D treatment: an open pilot trial to preserve beta cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Diabetes-Metabolism Research and Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We aimed to study the feasibility and tolerability of a combination therapy consisting of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-alum), Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and evaluate preservation of beta cell function. Material and Methods Etanercept Diamyd Combination Regimen is an open-labelled multi-centre study pilot trial which enrolled 20 GAD antibodies positive T1D patients (7 girls and 13 boys), aged (mean +/- SD): 12.4 +/- 2.3 (8.3-16.1) years, with a diabetes duration of 81.4 +/- 22.1 days. Baseline fasting C-peptide was 0.24 +/- 0.1 (0.10-0.35) nmol/l. The patients received Day 1-450 Vitamin D (Calciferol) 2000 U/d per os, Etanercept sc Day 1-90 0.8 mg/kg once a week and GAD-alum sc injections (20 mu g, Diamyd (TM)) Day 30 and 60. They were followed for 30 months. Results No treatment related serious adverse events were observed. After 6 months 90-min stimulated C-peptide had improved in 8/20 patients and C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) after Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in 5 patients, but declined thereafter, while HbA1c and insulin requirement remained close to baseline. Administration of Etanercept did not reduce tumour necrosis factor (TNF) spontaneous secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but rather GAD65-induced TNF-alpha increased. Spontaneous interleukin-17a secretion increased after the administration of Etanercept, and GAD65-induced cytokines and chemokines were also enhanced following 1 month of Etanercept administration. Conclusions Combination therapy with parallel treatment with GAD-alum, Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was feasible and tolerable but had no beneficial effects on the autoimmune process or beta cell function.
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| 15. |
- Mendez, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating multiple lines of evidence to better understand the evolutionary divergence of humpback dolphins along their entire distribution range : a new dolphin species in Australian waters?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 22:23, s. 5936-5948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conservation of humpback dolphins, distributed in coastal waters of the Indo-West Pacific and eastern Atlantic Oceans, has been hindered by a lack of understanding about the number of species in the genus (Sousa) and their population structure. To address this issue, we present a combined analysis of genetic and morphologic data collected from beach-cast, remote-biopsied and museum specimens from throughout the known Sousa range. We extracted genetic sequence data from 235 samples from extant populations and explored the mitochondrial control region and four nuclear introns through phylogenetic, population-level and population aggregation frameworks. In addition, 180 cranial specimens from the same geographical regions allowed comparisons of 24 morphological characters through multivariate analyses. The genetic and morphological data showed significant and concordant patterns of geographical segregation, which are typical for the kind of demographic isolation displayed by species units, across the Sousa genus distribution range. Based on our combined genetic and morphological analyses, there is convincing evidence for at least four species within the genus (S.teuszii in the Atlantic off West Africa, S.plumbea in the central and western Indian Ocean, S.chinensis in the eastern Indian and West Pacific Oceans, and a new as-yet-unnamed species off northern Australia).
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| 16. |
- Mendez, M., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular ecology meets remote sensing : environmental drivers to population structure of humpback dolphins in the Western Indian Ocean
- 2011
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Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 107:4, s. 349-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic analyses of population structure can be placed in explicit environmental contexts if appropriate environmental data are available. Here, we use high-coverage and high-resolution oceanographic and genetic sequence data to assess population structure patterns and their potential environmental influences for humpback dolphins in the Western Indian Ocean. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA data from 94 dolphins from the coasts of South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania and Oman, employing frequency-based and maximum-likelihood algorithms to assess population structure and migration patterns. The genetic data were combined with 13 years of remote sensing oceanographic data of variables known to influence cetacean dispersal and population structure. Our analyses show strong and highly significant genetic structure between all putative populations, except for those in South Africa and Mozambique. Interestingly, the oceanographic data display marked environmental heterogeneity between all sampling areas and a degree of overlap between South Africa and Mozambique. Our combined analyses therefore suggest the occurrence of genetically isolated populations of humpback dolphins in areas that are environmentally distinct. This study highlights the utility of molecular tools in combination with high-resolution and high-coverage environmental data to address questions not only pertaining to genetic population structure, but also to relevant ecological processes in marine species.
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| 17. |
- Nyström, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Social structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off the south coast of Zanzibar
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The social structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) resident in Menai Bay, Zanzibar, east Africa, was investigated using group characteristics and association records collected 1999-2002. On average, groups were large compared to those reported from other bottlenose dolphin studies. Groups were also significantly larger when the dolphins exhibited socializing behavior or when calves were present, indicating that large groups could be attributed to social benefits related to reproduction and caring for calves. To investigate relationships between identified individuals, an association analysis was performed using half-weight association indices (HWIs), calculated for 67 well-marked individuals sighted 9 or more times. While the overall distribution of HWIs was skewed towards lower values, relationships were stronger and more long-term than would be expected if dolphins were associating at random. A temporal analysis, performed to model the stability of associations, suggested that these relationships may last for as long as 7 years. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis revealed two female clusters and a male pair that had high HWIs across all years of sampling. These preferred relationships may be formed to obtain reproductive benefits as well as safety against predators and other threats. For example, the dolphins in Menai Bay are subject to anthropogenic threats from fishing and tourism activities in the area. Unless kept at a sustainable level, such threats could ultimately disrupt the long-term relationships observed in the present study and adversely influence the health of the population.
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| 18. |
- Rosengren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Tio »väsentliga aktiviteter« framtagna för läkarprogrammen
- 2019
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 47:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De 10 EPA som presenteras här (Fakta 1) har tagits fram av läkare och studenter som representerar läkarutbildningarna vid samtliga lärosäten. Utvecklingsarbetet baserades på internationell litteratur och förslagen har genomgått valideringsprocesser [2]. Samtliga avser aktiviteter som ingår i en läkares dagliga arbete och som läkaren ska klara självständigt (i förhållande till handledare) första dagen som legitimerad läkare. Det är samtidigt viktigt att poängtera att de bara täcker in en del av examensmålen för läkare.
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| 19. |
- Sandberg, Elin, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Dance intervention for adolescent girls : Effects on daytime tiredness, alertness and school satisfaction. A randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. - : Elsevier. - 1360-8592 .- 1532-9283. ; 26, s. 505-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Daytime tiredness is a risk factor for poor health and well-being in the short and long term and is often associated with sleep problems, stress-related mental health complaints and decreased school functioning. This study investigates the effect of an 8 month dance intervention study on daytime tiredness, alertness, sleep duration, sleep quality and school satisfaction.Methods: Randomized controlled intervention study that included a total of 112 girls aged 13-18 years old with stress-related mental health problems. Dance intervention with focus on enjoyment were performed semiweekly for 8 months. Questionnaire-based measurements regarding self-reported daytime tiredness, alertness, school satisfaction, sleep duration and quality were evaluated at baseline and at 8-, 12- and 20- month follow-ups.Results: Daytime tiredness decreased significantly in the dance group compared to control group at all follow-ups. Alertness increased significant within the dance group, but there were no significant difference compared to the controls. Significant improvements were found in all sleep quality items within the dance group, between groups only one significant result was found. No conclusive changes in sleep duration were observed. School satisfaction increased significantly in the dance intervention group; however, its significance compared to that of the control group faded after adjustment for differences between groups at baseline.Conclusions: This study suggests that a dance intervention focusing on enjoyment can be effective in decreasing daytime tiredness. This study also adds to the growing body of evidence for the benefits of using nonpharmacological interventions to decrease stress-related problems among adolescents.
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| 20. |
- Stensland, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Population size, distribution, and behavior of indo-pacific bottlenose (Tursiops aduncus) and humpback (Sousa chinensis) dolphins off the south coast of Zanzibar
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine mammal science. - : Wiley. - 0824-0469 .- 1748-7692. ; 22:3, s. 667-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indo-Pacific bottlenose (Tursiops aduncus) and humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) off the south coast of Zanzibar, East Africa, have been subject to both direct and indirect takes as well as disturbance from local dolphin tourism during the last decade. Meanwhile, little or no information on population parameters exists for these animals. In order to assess the anthropogenic threats, a study was conducted between 1999 and 2002 to determine population sizes, distribution, and behavior of these animals. Population sizes were calculated for each year using mark-recapture methods applied to photo-identification data. The estimates ranged between 136 and 179 for the bottlenose dolphins and between 58 and 65 for the humpback dolphins in the calculated 26 km2 study area. Patterns in distribution and behavior were investigated using image and spatial statistic software on data from boat surveys. Analyses of spatial densities showed that both species concentrated their activities to smaller areas (2%–11.5%) within the study area. When the study results were considered in light of the anthropogenic threats, it was clear that immediate conservation measures were needed. This is critical if the negative impact on the species is to be minimized and the dolphins are to continue to represent a socioeconomic resource in the region.
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| 21. |
- Särnblad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic placement and population structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Zanzibar, Tanzania, based on mtDNA sequences
- 2011
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Ingår i: Marine mammal science. - : Wiley. - 0824-0469 .- 1748-7692. ; 27:2, s. 431-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic placement of bottlenose dolphins from Zanzibar, East Africa and putative population differentiation between animals found off southern and northern Zanzibar were examined using variation in mtDNA control region sequences. Samples (n= 45) from animals bycaught in fishing gear and skin biopsies collected during boat surveys were compared to published sequences (n= 173) of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus, from southeast Australian waters, Chinese/Indonesian waters, and South African waters (which recently was proposed as a new species) and to published sequences of common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses indicated a close relationship between Zanzibar and South African haplotypes, which are differentiated from both Chinese/Indonesian and Australian T. aduncus haplotypes. Our results suggest that the dolphins found off Zanzibar should be classified as T. aduncus alongside the South African animals. Further, analyses of genetic differentiation showed significant separation between the T. aduncus found off northern and southern Zanzibar despite the relatively short distance (approximately 80 km) between these areas. Much less differentiation was found between southern Zanzibar and South Africa, suggesting a more recent common evolutionary history for these populations than for the northern and southern Zanzibar populations.
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| 22. |
- Särnblad, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and diversity of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the western Indian Ocean
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) populations often show small-scale genetic differentiation and have a capacity to adapt both their social strategies and structure to local environmental conditions. Here we investigate population structure and genetic diversity of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the western Indian Ocean, with special reference to Zanzibar, Tanzania. The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off Zanzibar were previously hunted and are subject to high levels of bycatch and negative impact from tourism. A recent study has indicated a limited exchange of reproducing females between northern and southern Zanzibar. Mitochondrial DNA sequence (mtDNA 429bp) variation and autosomal genotypes (7 microsatellite loci) was used to assess genetic variation and differentiation among tissue samples from Zanzibar (n=91) Mayotte (n=12) and Oman (n=4). The results showed a much higher amount of differentiation for mtDNA than autosomal DNA between northern and southern Zanzibar suggesting female philopatry with greater dispersal by males than females. Genetic diversity levels were relatively high in all areas and there were no indications of any recent reduction in effective population size, except in Mayotte where indications of a recent bottleneck encourage further analyses. Further, the close relationship and lack of clear structuring, with several shared haplotypes among regions, suggest a relatively recent common founder population for the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in the western Indian Ocean. Based on the high differentiation in mtDNA between northern and southern Zanzibar and that local growth rates in large part will be determined by female breeding success, we suggest that the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off northern and southern Zanzibar should be treated as separate management units.
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| 23. |
- Särnblad Hansson, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Ecology and genetic population structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in East Africa
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many marine mammal populations are threatened by anthropogenic activities. The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Zanzibar are subject to high levels of bycatch, negative impact from tourism and were previously hunted. To assess conservation status and to formulate necessary management actions for viable dolphin populations, knowledge of their population ecology is vital. This thesis provides information on population size, distribution, social structure, genetic diversity and population differentiation for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off southern Zanzibar. To investigate these parameters, individual identification and group structure data collected during boat based surveys were used in combination with genetic analyses of tissue samples from bycaught animals and skin biopsies from free ranging animals. The results show that the area off southern Zanzibar potentially constitute an important nursing ground (Paper I, II) for the relatively small population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins present year round (Paper I). The dolphins in this area live in a fission-fusion society where some animals also form long-term relationships (Paper II). Genetic analyses indicate limited exchange of reproducing females between northern and southern Zanzibar suggesting female philopatry with a greater dispersal by males (Paper III, IV). The relatively high genetic diversity of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins off Zanzibar indicates no current threat to their genetic health, despite recent anthropogenic impacts. (Paper IV). On a greater geographical scale the results show that the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in the western Indian Ocean, ranging from Oman to South Africa, share a relatively recent common founder population and belong to a proposed third species within the genus Tursiops (Paper III, IV). Finally, the results presented demonstrate the value of a multi-disciplinary approach to determine the conservation status of animal populations.
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