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- Caporale, N., et al.
(författare)
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From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375:6582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convergent evidence associates exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major human diseases, even at regulation-compliant concentrations. This might be because humans are exposed to EDC mixtures, whereas chemical regulation is based on a risk assessment of individual compounds. Here, we developed a mixture-centered risk assessment strategy that integrates epidemiological and experimental evidence. We identified that exposure to an EDC mixture in early pregnancy is associated with language delay in offspring. At human-relevant concentrations, this mixture disrupted hormone-regulated and disease-relevant regulatory networks in human brain organoids and in the model organisms Xenopus leavis and Danio rerio, as well as behavioral responses. Reinterrogating epidemiological data, we found that up to 54% of the children had prenatal exposures above experimentally derived levels of concern, reaching, for the upper decile compared with the lowest decile of exposure, a 3.3 times higher risk of language delay. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Holttinen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Design and operation of power systems with large amounts of wind power
- 2009
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are already several power systems coping with large amounts of wind power. Hi h penetration of wind power has impacts that have to be manage through proper plant interconnection, integration, transmission planning, and system and market operations. This report is a summary of case studies addressing concerns about the impact of wind power.s variability and uncertainty on power system reliability and costs. The case studies summarized in this report are not easy to compare due to different methodology and data used, as well as different assumptions on the interconnection capacity available. Integration costs of wind power need to be compared to something, like the production costs or market value of wind power, or integration cost of other production forms. There is also benefit when adding wind power to power systems: it reduces the total operating costs and emissions as wind fossil fuels. Severalissues that impact on the amount of wind power that can be integrated have been identified. Large balancing areas and aggregation benefits of large areas help in reducing the variability and forecast errors of wind power as well as help in pooling more cost effective balancing resources. System operation and working electricity markets at less than day-ahead time scales help reduce forecast errors of wind power. Transmission is the key to aggregation benefits, electricity markets and larger balancing areas. From the investigated studies it follows that at wind penetrations of up to 20 % of gross demand (energy), system operating cost increases arising from wind variability and uncertainty amounted to about 1.4 ./MWh. This is 10 % or less of the wholesale value of the wind energy.
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| 5. |
- Holttinen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Design and operation of power systems with large amounts of wind power production, IEA collaboration
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition 2006. - 9781622764679 ; , s. 156-165
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New R&D collaboration on "Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power Production" has been formed in IEA Wind. The R&D task will collect and share information on the experience gained and the studies made on power system impacts of wind power, and review methodologies, tools and data used. This paper outlines the power system impacts of wind power, the national studies published and on-going and describes the goals of the international collaboration. There are dozens of studies made and ongoing related to cost of wind integration, however, the results are not easy to compare. An in-depth review of the studies is needed to draw conclusions on the range of integration costs for wind power. State-of-the art review process will seek for reasons behind the wide range of results for costs of wind integration - definitions for wind penetration, reserves and costs; different power system and load characteristics and operational rules; underlying assumptions on variability of wind etc.
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| 7. |
- Holttinen, H., et al.
(författare)
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State-of-the-art of design and operation of power systems with large amounts of wind power, summary of IEA wind collaboration
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition 2007, EWEC 2007. - 9781622764686 ; , s. 489-499
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An international forum for exchange of knowledge of power system impacts of wind power has been formed under the IEA Implementing Agreement on Wind Energy. The task "Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power" is analysing existing case studies from different power systems.There are a multitude of studies made and ongoing related to cost of wind integration. However, the results are not easy to compare. This paper summarises the results from 15 case studies.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, O., et al.
(författare)
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Integer modelling of spinning reserve requirements in short term scheduling of hydro systems
- 1998
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0885-8950 .- 1558-0679. ; 13:3, s. 959-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In short term power system scheduling, reserve margins are kept in order to maintain the security of the system if a non-forecasted event occurs. The security is maintained by re-dispatch of the generators in the system. During the first seconds of the disturbance it is only possible to re-dispatch the on-line units. The maximal increase of the generation during these first seconds of the disturbance is called the spinning reserve. In hydro dominated power systems the spinning reserve is kept in the hydro system, since hydro units are easy to re-dispatch. For an on-line hydro unit the spinning reserve is the marginal between maximum generation and the actual generation. If a hydro plant has several units, only the on-line units will contribute to the spinning reserve. This means that we need to introduce integer variables to model the spinning reserve contribution from a hydro plant with several units. In the literature there are several examples of integer models for representation of the generation of hydro plants. The contribution of this paper is that it incorporates the integer representation of the spinning reserve into an integer model of generation scheduling. To this model we apply variable splitting and Lagrange relaxation to decompose the problem into one subproblem for the hydrological constraints and one subproblem for each hydro plant. In order to find feasible solutions we use a combination of network programming and heuristic search. The dual problem constructed by the decomposition is solved by a subgradient method. In the paper we apply the proposed method to a numerical example.
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- Ritzén, E Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic consensus on treatment of undescended testes.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:5, s. 638-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To reach consensus among specialists from the Nordic countries on the present state-of-the-art in treatment of undescended testicles. Methods: A group of specialists in testicular physiology, paediatric surgery/urology, endocrinology, andrology, pathology and anaesthesiology from all the Nordic countries met for two days. Before the meeting, reviews of the literature had been prepared by the participants. Recommendations: The group came to the following unanimous conclusions: (1) In general, hormonal treatment is not recommended, considering the poor immediate results and the possible long term adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Thus, surgery is to be preferred. (2) Orchiopexy should be done between 6 and 12 months of age, or upon diagnosis, if that occurs later. (3) Orchiopexy before age one year should only be done at centres with both paediatric surgeons/urologists and paediatric anaesthesiologists. (4) If a testis is found to be undescended at any age after 6 months, the patient should be referred for surgery—to paediatric rather than general surgeons/urologists if the boy is less than one year old or if he has bilateral or non-palpable testes, or if he has got relapse of cryptorchidism.
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| 16. |
- Staron, Miroslaw, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the role of measurement systems in industrial decision support
- 2016
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Global Supply Chain Management. - Hershey, Pennsylvania : IGI Global. ; , s. 560-580
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement data can be used for decision support in multiple ways-from one-time, manual data collection/presentation (reporting) through flexible business intelligence solutions to online, automated measurement systems. In centralized organizations, the measurement data is often collected through reporting, but the trends in modern organizations with empowered teams, globalized development, and needs to monitor continuously longer supply chains requires shift in the design and use of measurement systems. In this chapter, we present a study of evolving measurement systems at three companies with global businesses-Ericsson, Volvo Cars, and Axis Communications. The results of the study include the identification of the timeline of the evolution, distinct generations of measurement systems and information needs in the different phases of the evolution. The experiences show how to evolve centralized decision support systems to support global and distributed decision support. © 2016 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Stukenborg, J. -B., et al.
(författare)
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Spermatogonial quantity in human prepubertal testicular tissue collected for fertility preservation prior to potentially sterilizing therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 33:9, s. 1677-1683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: Does chemotherapy exposure (with or without alkylating agents) or primary diagnosis affect spermatogonial quantity in human prepubertal testicular tissue? SUMMARY ANSWER: Spermatogonial quantity is significantly reduced in testes of prepubertal boys treated with alkylating agent therapies or with hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells, followed by transplantation into the testis after treatment, is a proposed clinical option for fertility restoration in children. The key clinical consideration behind this approach is a sufficient quantity of healthy cryopreserved spermatogonia. However, since most boys with malignancies start therapy with agents that are not potentially sterilizing, they will have already received some chemotherapy before testicular tissue cryopreservation is considered. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We examined histological sections of prepubertal testicular tissue to elucidate whether chemotherapy exposure or primary diagnosis affects spermatogonial quantity. Quantity of spermatogonia per transverse tubular cross-section (S/T) was assessed in relation to treatment characteristics and normative reference values in histological sections of paraffin embedded testicular tissue samples collected from 32 consecutive boy patients (aged 6.3 +/- 3.8 [mean +/- SD] years) between 2014 and 2017, as part of the NORDFERTIL study, and in 14 control samples (from boys aged 5.6 +/- 5.0 [mean +/- SD] years) from an internal biobank. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Prepubertal boys in Sweden, Finland and Iceland who were facing treatments associated with a very high risk of infertility, were offered the experimental procedure of testicular cryopreservation. Exclusion criteria were testicular volumes > 10 ml and high bleeding or infection risk. There were 18 patients with a diagnosis of malignancy and 14 patients a nonmalignant diagnosis. While 20 patients had the testicular biopsy performed 1-45 days after chemotherapy, 12 patients had not received any chemotherapy. In addition, 14 testicular tissue samples of patients with no reported testicular pathology, obtained from the internal biobank of the Department of Pathology at Karolinska University Hospital, were included as control samples in addition to reference values obtained from a recently published meta-analysis. The quantity of spermatogonia was assessed by both morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The main finding was a significant reduction in spermatogonial cell counts in boys treated with alkylating agents or with hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease. The mean S/T values in boys exposed to alkylating agents (0.2 +/- 0.3, n = 6) or in boys with sickle cell disease and exposed to hydroxyurea (0.3 +/- 0.6, n = 6) were significantly lower (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively) than in a group exposed to non-alkylating agents or in biobank control samples (1.7 +/- 1.0, n = 8 and 4.1 +/- 4.6, n = 14, respectively). The mean S/T values of the testicular tissue samples included in the biobank control group and the patient group exposed to nonalkylating agents were within recently published normative reference values. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Normal testicular tissue samples included in this study were obtained from the internal biobank of Karolinska University Hospital. Samples were considered normal and included in the study if no testicular pathology was reported in the analysed samples. However, detailed information regarding previous medical treatments and testicular volumes of patients included in this biobank were not available. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study summarizes, for the first time, spermatogonial quantity in a prepubertal patient cohort just before and after potentially sterilizing treatments. Boys facing cancer and cytotoxic therapies are regarded as the major group who will benefit from novel fertility preservation techniques. There are no previous reports correlating spermatogonial quantity to cumulative exposure to alkylating agents and anthracyclines (non-alkylating agents) and no information about the timing of cytotoxic exposures among this particular patient cohort. For prepubertal boys in whom fertility preservation is indicated, testicular tissue should be obtained before initiation of chemotherapy with alkylating agents, whilst for those with sickle cell disease and treated with hydroxyurea, this approach to fertility preservation may not be feasible. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This study was supported by grants from The Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation (PR2016-0124; TJ2016-0093; PR2015-0073, TJ2015-0046) (J.-B.S. and K.J.), the Jane and Dan Olssons Foundation (2016-33) (J.-B.S.), the Finnish Cancer Society (K.J.), the Foundation for Paediatric Research (J.-B.S.), Kronprinsessan Lovisas Forening For Barnasjukvard/Stiftelsen Axel Tielmans Minnesfond, Samariten Foundation (J.-B.S.), the Vare Foundation for Paediatric Cancer Research (K.J.) and the Swedish Research Council (2012-6352) (O.S.). R.T.M. was supported by a Wellcome Trust Fellowship (09822). J.P.A.-L. and M.K. were supported by the ITN Marie Curie program 'Growsperm' (EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN 603568). The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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