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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Sundström, Johan, Professor, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage : a nationwide cohort of 950 000 adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 48:6, s. 2018-2025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease, with high mortality rate and substantial disability among survivors. Its causes are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate risk factors for SAH using a novel nationwide cohort consortium.METHODS: We obtained individual participant data of 949 683 persons (330 334 women) between 25 and 90 years old, with no history of SAH at baseline, from 21 population-based cohorts. Outcomes were obtained from the Swedish Patient and Causes of Death Registries.RESULTS: During 13 704 959 person-years of follow-up, 2659 cases of first-ever fatal or non-fatal SAH occurred, with an age-standardized incidence rate of 9.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4-10.6)/100 000 person-years] in men and 13.8 [(11.4-16.2)/100 000 person-years] in women. The incidence rate increased exponentially with higher age. In multivariable-adjusted Poisson models, marked sex interactions for current smoking and body mass index (BMI) were observed. Current smoking conferred a rate ratio (RR) of 2.24 (95% CI 1.95-2.57) in women and 1.62 (1.47-1.79) in men. One standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an RR of 0.86 (0.81-0.92) in women and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) in men. Higher blood pressure and lower education level were also associated with higher risk of SAH.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SAH is 45% higher in women than in men, with substantial sex differences in risk factor strengths. In particular, a markedly stronger adverse effect of smoking in women may motivate targeted public health initiatives.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Alakangas, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Norrbottens malm- och mineralresurs och dess potentiella betydelse för innovation, samhälle och miljö
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gruvindustrins betydelse för samhällsutveckling och infrastruktur i Sverige och inte minst i Norrbottens län är mycket stor. De geologiska förutsättningarna att hitta nya brytvärda förekomster i Norrbotten är goda. Länet är tillsammans med Västerbotten en av Europas viktigaste regioner för utvinning av metaller. Det syns också i den nyligen framtagna regionala mineralstrategin för Norrbotten och Västerbotten. Visionen för den regionala mineralstrategin: ”Genom långsiktigt hållbart nyttjande av Norrbottens och Västerbottens läns mineralresurser har ytterligare tillväxt skapats i regionen och hela Sverige. Vi har utvecklat och stärkt vår ställning som ledande gruv- och mineralnation.”Eftersom framtidspotentialen för gruvnäringen är mycket god men okunnigheten hos både allmänhet och beslutsfattare om näringens betydelse för innovation och samhällsutveckling är stor, kopplat med en utbredd oro för miljöpåverkan, måste dessa viktiga framtidsfrågor belysas. Med finansiering från Länsstyrelsen i Norrbotten bedrevs därför under första hälften av 2014 en förstudie som syftade till att sammanfatta kunskapsläget om framtidens gruvindustri i Norrbotten. Resultaten av förstudien redovisas i den här rapporten. En viktig slutsats är att det under nästa strukturfondsperiod (med start 2015) behövs ett framtidsinriktat forskningsprogram för att belysa de möjligheter som finns. Denna förstudie utgör grund för en kommande ansökan till strukturfonderna. Kompetensen som finns vid Luleå tekniska universitet, Sveriges centrum för gruvrelaterad forskning och utbildning, bör användas för att studera troliga framtidsmöjligheter och hur de ska kunna användas för att få en så positiv utveckling som möjligt för länet. Projektet bör innehålla följande tre huvudinriktningar, som naturligtvis hör ihop:Vilka malm- och mineralresurser finns det potential för i Norrbotten, och vilka kommer sannolikt att exploateras i framtiden?Vad kommer den exploateringen att ha för betydelse för innovation och samhällsutveckling?Vad kommer den exploateringen att få för miljöeffekter och hur ska man göra för att minska miljöbelastningen?En annan slutsats är att nedlagda gruvområden inte måste ses som förstörd natur. Betydande mervärden som gruvturism skulle kunna skapas om vilja, kreativitet och beslutsamhet finns. Detta är ett givet utvecklingsområde där småföretag och entreprenörer kan göra stor insats om de politiska och myndighetsmässiga förutsättningarna finns. Dessa aspekter skulle också kunna belysas i det föreslagna forskningsprogrammet eller i ett eget projekt.
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| 6. |
- Backlund, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital training and simulation initiative
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The pre-hospital process is a complex one involving aspects such as medical skills as well as care taking, team performance, inter-organizational cooperation and communication. This calls for novel training methods and technology support. Our review of literature (covering the areas of pre-hospital care, training simulator technologies and methods and process modelling) indicates that the different aspects are typically trained in isolation, e.g. medical skills using patient simulators.Objective The pre-hospital training center project addresses the overall complexity of the pre-hospital process by taking all of the aspects into account when designing scenarios and technology support for training the complete prehospital process (covering alarm, on-scene activities, transportation and hand-over). This is indeed a challenging task as we need to develop both training methods and technology support for a very complex training situation.Methods The project will develop a prototype scenario along with technology support to enact it. The training scenario will involve many of the aspects listed above and will be tested in a field experiment with ambulance personnel. Results The expected outcome of the project is a platform for establishing a pre-hospital simulation and training center. The initial technologies, research results and experiences will be used to form a consortium for further work and development. Conclusions We have identified a need for a pre-hospital training center with the unique and ambitious idea of covering the entire pre-hospital process as well as its many interacting aspects. To the best of our knowledge this approach is not at all common and we expect the complexity to be so high that it is a challenging enough research area that can only be addressed if we have a well-designed simulation and training center in place with all the different areas of knowledge represented, i.e. pre-hospital medicine as well as simulation and visualization technology.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging Distances: Organizing Boundry-spanning Technology Development Projects
- 2002
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 36:3, s. 263-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology development is often a boundary-spanning activity where insights and discoveries from different organizations or organizational units are merged into new products or new technical solutions. In some cases, projects of this kind are organized within large multinational firms. In other cases, technology development projects are organized within networks through co-operation between independent companies possessing unique resources that can be utilized as parts of the project. In this paper, we discuss and analyse how distances are bridged in technology development projects. We focus on: (1) the relationship between implicit and explicit knowledge; and (2) different distances inherent in the development effort. Two different bridging processes are proposed as means to overcome distances: a separating-integrating process; and a linking-formalizing process. It is argued that a development project typically runs through either one of these two processes.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Biedenbach, Thomas, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The Challenge of Organizing Change in Hypercompetitive Industries : A Literature Review
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Change Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-7017 .- 1479-1811. ; 8:2, s. 123-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypercompetitive, that is, dynamic and unpredictable environments require flexible, innovative and creative organizations, which can easily adapt quickly to the changing rules of the competitive arena. Organizations, therefore, continuously need to change. The management of organizational change in such a merciless environment is together key and restraint. This paper reviews literature covering organizational change in hypercompetitive environments with a focus on projects as the vehicle to create the necessary flexibility. The challenge is thus to combine the need for long-term sustainability with continuous flexibility in terms of how organizational and technological change efforts are designed and carried out. Organizations are well advised to develop a high degree of dynamic capabilities, which are the core of meeting the tensions of the capability and structural challenge. The authors suggest that organizational aspects and capabilities have to go hand in hand as enabler and at the same time facilitator for a successful emergent change process in hypercompetitive industries.
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| 12. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Ekonomisk styrning för förändring : en studie av ekonomiska styrinitiativ i hälso- och sjukvården
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the end of the 1980’s Swedish county council managers has been preoccupied with planning and implementing organisational change in order to alleviate the financial problems and to create more efficient production systems. Many of these efforts to change have implied changing the systems for management accounting and control, changes that have been inspired both by market-oriented ideologies and by the governance principles of large corporations in the private sector. Literature on management accounting and control indicates however, that management is unintentionally contributing to the creation of organisational inertia and conservatism. This contradiction is formulated as a change dilemma; ”How can managerial principles that make organizations subject to bureaucratization and inertia be used as important strategies for organizational change?” The purpose of the study is thus to analyze the use of management control systems as organizational change strategies in health care, employing a change perspective on management control.When used as a change strategy, management accounting and control becomes manifest as management control initiatives. Actors handle these control inititatives by organising themselves around the issue at hand. This organising process ends or fades away when there are no need for further attention to the control initiative.Empirical studies were made in the councils of Västerbotten, Sörmland and Uppsala counties. Management control initiatives investigated were performance-related pay, quality improvement work, systematic planning procedures, provider/purchaser-models, downsizing projects and profit center systems.The systems for management accounting and control appeared to structure health care organisations in terms of spatial structuring temporal structuring and actor categorization. The management control initiatives introduced were structured as extraordinary organising processes delimited in terms of space, time and involved actors. Actors in the administrative norm system participated with the intention to change the organisation, while those in the medical norm system aimed at just handling the initiative.Management control initiatives can therefore be seen as passing opportunities to change, passing in the sense that the organising processes are temporary by nature, opportunities in the sense that temporary re-coupling can be used to achieve long-term change. One such opportunity is the formulation of control initiatives; the possibility of using simple and standardized change strategies can be useful, but only if they are also linked to the medical norm system. A second opportunity is the temporary organising processes; if the project form of organising change can also be conveyed to the medical norm system, management control initiatives could result in short, intense courses of events that actually change things. The third opportunity s the recurrent cyc ica pro perties of management accounting and control systems, enabling recurrent activities around the same themes, thereby keeping them alive.
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| 13. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Project as practice : making project research matter
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IRNOP VII project research conference. - Beijing : China Publishing House of Electronics Industry. - 712103252X ; , s. 540-549
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Project theory is not only an immature field of research, it is insubstantial when it comes to understanding what is really going on in projects. This paper contributes to making project research matter to the academic as well as the practitioner through the theoretical development of a project-as-practice approach, aligned with an ongoing debate in social science research. We outline the framework of project-as-practice and argue that there are two major challenges to the researcher: the relevance challenge and the pattern challenge. We suggest how these challenges can be met and give some examples of earlier studies that have done so. The practice approach is not a substitute to present theorizing but rather a complement that brings substance. Finally, underlying notions of the practice approach are outlined in order to have a fruitful future development of a project-as-practice approach that makes project theory matter!
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| 14. |
- Blomquist, Tomas, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Project-as-practice : in search of project management research that matters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 41:1, s. 5-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on projects is not only an immaturefield of research, but it is also insubstantial whenit comes to understanding what occurs in projects.This article contributes to making projectmanagement research matter to the academic aswell as to the practitioner by developing a projectas-practice approach, in alignment with theongoing debate in social science research.The article outlines a framework and argues thatthere are two major challenges to the researcherand also suggests how these challenges can bemet. Underlying notions of the practice approachare outlined to ensure a development of theproject-as-practice approach that makes projectmanagement research matter!
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bogren, Maria, 1962-
(författare)
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Socialt kapital - relationer och tillit - för utveckling av kvinnors företagande
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kvinnors företag ses som en resurs i regioners och länders utveckling. Tidigare forskning har dock visat att kvinnors företag inte växer i lika stor utsträckning som mäns företag. Frågan är då vilka problem och hinder som företagande kvinnor stöter på och som påverkar att deras företag inte utvecklas, samt hur stödjande insatser på bästa sätt kan utformas? Tidigare studier har visat att bristande tillgång till finansiellt kapital varit ett betydande hinder för utveckling av kvinnors företag liksom att företagandet varit manligt kodat, med mannen som företagare som norm i samhället. Dessutom har tidigare studier visat att företagande kvinnor har begränsade nätverksrelationer och inte använder dem så effektivt samt att de saknar förebilder. Med ett utvecklat socialt kapital ges möjlighet att få tillgång till resurser som kan utveckla kvinnors företag. Tidigare studier om socialt kapital, som ett bidrag till företagsutveckling, fokuserar ofta antingen på relationer eller på tillit och det efterfrågas ytterligare studier om processer där socialt kapital utvecklas. Syftet med avhandlingen är att öka kunskapen om hur utveckling av socialt kapital kan förstås genom att belysa och analysera vad som utmärker relationer och tillit samt att ge exempel på hur detta kan stimuleras i utvecklingsprogram för företagande kvinnor.Avhandlingen utgår ifrån tre genomförda studier. En fallstudie genomfördes under två års tid i ett utvecklingsprogram med företagande kvinnor från Norge och Sverige. En enkätstudie riktades till företagande kvinnor i Norge och Sverige och en annan till projektledare av utvecklingsprojekt för att stimulera kvinnors företagande i Sverige.Avhandlingens resultatet, som presenteras i fyra artiklar, visar att personliga nätverk, familj och släktingar samt vänner uppfattas som stödjande relationer för företagande kvinnor. De som har ett heterogent nätverk uppvisar en större villighet att ingå i nya relationer jämfört med dem som inte har det och graden av tillit påverkar villigheten att utveckla relationer i utvecklingsprogram. Homogenitet i deltagargruppen visar sig vara viktigt inledningsvis, medan heterogenitet blir betydelsefullare efter en tid. När företagaridentiteten utvecklas uppvisas en ökad professionalisering av företagarens nätverk. Social aktivitet, med nedlagd tid och engagemang i utvecklingsprogram, bidrar till utveckling av både relationer och tillit, och tidsaspekten är viktig när det gäller tillit till programorganisatörer.Utifrån avhandlingens resultat synliggörs flera aspekter av relationer och tillit som kan stimuleras i utvecklingsprogram. Uppvisad villighet hos kvinnorna för att utveckla sina företag kan avspegla hur motiverade och intresserade de är för att medverka i utvecklingsprogram. Vid sammansättning av deltagargrupper, i utvecklingsprogram, bör homogenitet och heterogenitet beaktas. Social aktivitet, genom nedlagd tid och visat engagemang, är något som stärker utvecklingsprocessen av relationer och tillit. Ett symboliskt dokument, sekretessavtalet, bidrar till ökad tillit. Programorganisatörernas sociala meriter, kompetens och organisationstillhörighet är sådant som kan uppmärksammas för institutionell tillit liksom även deras sociala aktivitet i programmet. För att stimulera utveckling av både relationer och tillit finns det anledning att se över programmets upplägg och innehåll.Slutsatserna från avhandlingen visar att företagande kvinnor med ett heterogent nätverk är villiga att ingå i nya relationer, att både relationsbyggande och tillitsprocesser har betydelse för utvecklingen av socialt kapital samt att kontexten behöver beaktas vid utformandet av utvecklingsprogram.
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| 18. |
- Carlsson, Anders H., et al.
(författare)
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Probiotics modulate mast cell degranulation and reduce stress-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Stress has well-established deleterious effects on intestinal barrier function and stressful life events are known to contribute to the development and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel diseases. Mast cells play a pivotal role in pathogenesis of stressinduced barrier dysfunction due to the release of barrier-disruptive content. Conversely, they also have recently been suggested to contribute to barrier protective properties of probiotics, through the release of 15d-PGJ2 and enhanced epithelial PPAR-γ activity. However, mechanisms remain to be elucidated.AIM: To study if probiotics can modulate mast cell mediator release, resulting in amelioration of stress-induced barrier dysfunction in vitro.METHODS: Confluent monolayers of the human colon-derived T84 epithelial cell line were co-cultured with rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells and pretreated with probiotics (125x104 CFU/ml, 1hr) before addition of 100nM CRF to activate mast cells. Release of beta hexosaminidase, TNF-α and 15d-PGJ2 from mast cells was determined. Transepithelial resistance (TER), and permeability to microspheres (0.2μm) were measured over a 24h period. To determine dependence of PPAR-γ, monolayers were incubated with the specific PPAR-γ antagonist T0070907 before treatment with probiotics.RESULTS: CRF-induced activation of mast cells resulted in decreased TERs and increased permeability to microspheres. Both pretreatment with probiotics and filter-sterilized probiotic supernatant resulted in lower levels of mast cell-released beta hexosaminidase and TNF-α, and increased 15d-PGJ2. Furthermore, probiotics ameliorated epithelial barrier dysfunction in monolayers exposed to CRF-activated mast cells. However, when T84 monolayers were exposed to conditioned medium of CRF-activated mast cells or were incubated with T0070907, probiotics showed little or no effect.CONCLUSIONS: Probiotics modulate mast cell mediator release to a more barrier protective profile, resulting in amelioration of stress-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction, which is putatively mediated by a PPAR-γ dependent pathway.
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| 19. |
- Carlsson, Anders, 1980-
(författare)
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Role of mast cells and probiotics in the regulation of intestinal barrier function
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The intestinal mucosa is the largest contact area and one of the most important barriers to the outside environment. It is highly specialized in aiding us digest and absorb nutrients. It is daily exposed to several potentially dangerous substances and microorganisms, which if they were allowed to pass into the body, could give rise to diseases. Throughout the small intestine certain sites specialized in antigen sampling are found. These sites are named Peyer’s patches and are lymphoid follicles. The epithelium covering the Peyer’s patches is called follicle-associated epithelium and is specialized in antigen sampling and uptake. The special epithelium enables presentation of luminal antigen to immune cells in the underlying follicle.Persistent life stress and stressful life events affect the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through largely unknown mechanisms. Regulation of epithelial permeability to antigens is crucial for the balance between inflammation and immune-surveillance, and increased intestinal permeability has been shown in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and corticotropin-releasing factor have been implicated as important mediators of stress-induced abnormalities in intestinal mucosal functions in animal models. Both of these mediators have been reported to regulate bowel ion secretion in humans during stress and uptake of horseradish peroxidase in rodents. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate the deleterious effects of stress on intestinal function, but mechanisms remain to be elucidated.The aim of this thesis was to elucidate whether mast cells play an important role in intestinal barrier function during stress and inflammation. Moreover, we wanted to determine whether probiotics can ameliorate the mucosal barrier integrity during stress and inflammation.To study the function of mast cells we conducted in vitro experiments on cell lines and ex vivo experiments in Ussing chambers on mouse, rat and human intestinal tissue. The Ussing chamber technique measures electrophysiological properties of the tissue and also gives the possibility to study transcellular and paracellular passage of markers and bacteria. Immunohistology and confocal microscopy have been used to identify mast cells and receptors of interest.Our results show that stress affects the follicle-associated epithelium barrier by mechanisms involving VIP and mast cells. These findings were corroborated by the localization of VIP receptors on mucosal mast cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with probiotics was effective in protecting the gut against stress-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal inflammation. This protection appeared to involve a mast cell and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-γ dependent mechanism.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Dobers, Peter, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and inscription in development projects : Understanding environmental and health care-related organizational change
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Organizational Change Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. - 0953-4814 .- 1758-7816. ; 22:5, s. 480-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that the interface between projects is of particular interest when organizing development projects. It offers a theoretical discussion of translation and inscription phases, not only because they are important to the understanding of mobilizing action in development projects, but also because they are crucial in a chain of sequential projects that are organized as responses to new situations. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses illustrations of development projects in public management in Sweden to discuss a fundamental organizing problem of projects: how project delimitation and formation take place. Findings – The paper has focused on organizational change and development projects regarding environmental and health care organization renewal projects. It has analyzed how such projects are organized and linked to context. Development problems and their solutions cannot be divided into a functional structure since they overlap and demand attention by a multitude of perspectives during translation. Research limitations/implications – It is theoretically interesting to highlight certain slices of the organizational reality in projects. The paper has chosen a project perspective and focus at the beginning and end of projects. In theoretical terms, it has chosen to call these phases translation and inscription. Practical implications – Projects are different compared with permanent organizations due to the existence of beginnings and endings. On the one hand, permanent organizations are normally “going concerns” where the start is back in history and the end is clouded in a distant future. On the other hand, in a project, translation and inscription phases are unavoidable as they are triggered by the specific conditions underlying beginnings and endings. Originality/value – Projects with clear boundary-overlapping character cannot be judged with concepts stemming from the methods of construction project management. In contrary, the paper argues that there are two other concepts that can better explain the special organizing problems invoked by the cases cited here: translation and inscription.
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| 23. |
- Dobers, Peter, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and Transcription in Development Projects- From Vague Problems to Clear-Cut solutions Through Project Organizing
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Occasionally, problems in society arise that do not fit into traditional structures of public organizations. Such problems become especially problematic if there is no adequate capacity to deal with them. At such situations, development projects may enable exploration of new ways of organizing activities. We use illustrations of development projects in public management in Sweden to discuss a fundamental organizing problem of projects: how project delimitation and formation takes place. This paper shows that the specific slice from organizational reality embodied in the interfaces between projects is of particular theoretical interest when observing this type of project organizing. Also, it shows how new issues are dealt with through the organizing of temporary activities. We offer a theoretical discussion of translation and transcription in development projects, not only since they are important to the formulation of the project goals, above all, since they are crucial links in a chain of sequential projects that are organized as responses to the new situation.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Engström, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of contextualization on immersion in healthcare simulation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Simulation. - : BioMed Central. - 2059-0628. ; 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this paper is to explore how contextualization of a healthcare simulation scenarios impacts immersion, by using a novel objective instrument, the Immersion Score Rating Instrument. This instrument consists of 10 triggers that indicate reduced or enhanced immersion among participants in a simulation scenario. Triggers refer to events such as jumps in time or space (sign of reduced immersion) and natural interaction with the manikin (sign of enhanced immersion) and can be used to calculate an immersion score.MethodsAn experiment using a randomized controlled crossover design was conducted to compare immersion between two simulation training conditions for prehospital care: one basic and one contextualized. The Immersion Score Rating Instrument was used to compare the total immersion score for the whole scenario, the immersion score for individual mission phases, and to analyze differences in trigger occurrences. A paired t test was used to test for significance.ResultsThe comparison shows that the overall immersion score for the simulation was higher in the contextualized condition. The average immersion score was 2.17 (sd = 1.67) in the contextualized condition and −0.77 (sd = 2.01) in the basic condition (p < .001). The immersion score was significantly higher in the contextualized condition in five out of six mission phases. Events that might be disruptive for the simulation participants’ immersion, such as interventions of the instructor and illogical jumps in time or space, are present to a higher degree in the basic scenario condition; while events that signal enhanced immersion, such as natural interaction with the manikin, are more frequently observed in the contextualized condition.ConclusionsThe results suggest that contextualization of simulation training with respect to increased equipment and environmental fidelity as well as functional task alignment might affect immersion positively and thus contribute to an improved training experience.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Geraldi, Joana G, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in project management: Voices of researchers
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Project Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-7863 .- 1873-4634. ; 26:5, s. 586-589
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports and reflects on the discussions about the nature of the discipline of project management that took place during the 8th conference of the International Research Network of Organizing by Projects (IRNOP VIII), held in Brighton in September 2007. The discussions started with the provocative motion “This house believes that we no longer need the discipline of project management”. The arguments are organised in the following areas: the use of the traditional body of knowledge by practitioners and by academics; the use of project management as a knowledge field by practitioners and by academics. The discussions indicate that project management research is in a fruitful moment of revolution of paradigms. We wish that the new paradigm accepts the plurality of research in projects and we need discussions supporting and also refusing the ‘motion’, and by this means, proposing answers, rather than the answer, to the future of ‘the project management discipline’.
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| 29. |
- Gerdin, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Crohn Trial: A Prematurely Terminated Randomized Controlled Trial of Thiopurines or Open Surgery for Primary Treatment of Ileocaecal Crohns Disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 10:1, s. 50-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The importance of efficient and safe treatment of Crohns disease is highlighted by its chronicity. Both medical and surgical treatments have shown good results in the symptomatic control of limited ileocaecal Crohns disease. The aim of this study was to compare medical treatment with surgical treatment of ileocaecal Crohns disease. Methods: Thirty-six patients from seven hospitals with primary ileocaecal Crohns disease were randomized to either medical or surgical treatment. The medical treatment was induction of remission with budesonide and thereafter maintenance treatment with azathioprine. The surgical treatment was open ileocaecal resection. Crohns disease activity index over time, expressed as area under the curve at 1, 3 and 5 years, was the primary endpoint. Subjective health measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF36) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) were secondary endpoints. Results: There were no differences between the treatment groups in Crohns disease activity index over time. General health, measured as SF36 score, was higher in patients receiving surgical treatment than in those receiving medical treatment at 1 year, but there was no corresponding difference in VAS. Due to the slow inclusion rate and changes in clinical practice, the study was t = erminated prematurely. Conclusion: The study ended up being underpowered and should be interpreted with caution, but there was no clinically significant difference between the two treatment arms. Further studies are needed to address this important clinical question.
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| 30. |
- Gullberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis induces transcytosis of nanoparticles across human intestinal villus epithelium via invasin-dependent macropinocytosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology. - New York, USA : Elsevier BV. - 1530-0307 .- 0023-6837. ; 88:11, s. 1215-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crohn's disease is characterized by a defect in intestinal barrier function, where bacteria are considered the most important inflammation-driving factor. Enteric bacteria, including E. coli and Yersinia spp, affect tight junctions in enterocytes, but little is known about bacterial effects on the transcellular pathway. Our objective was to study the short-term effects of Y. pseudotuberculosis on uptake of nanoparticles across human villus epithelium. Monolayers of human colon epithelium-derived Caco-2 cells and biopsies of normal human ileum were studied after 2 h exposure to Y. pseudotuberculosis expressing (inv+) or lacking (inv-) the bacterial adhesion molecule, invasin. Transepithelial transport of fluorescent nanoparticles (markers of transcytosis) was quantified by flow cytometry, and mechanisms explored by using inhibitors of endocytosis. Epithelial expressions of beta1-integrin and particle uptake pathways were studied by confocal microscopy. The paracellular pathway was assessed by electrical resistance (TER), mannitol flux, and expression of tight junction proteins occludin and caludin-4 by confocal microscopy. Inv+ Y. pseudotuberculosis adhered to the apical surface of epithelial cells and induced transcytosis of exogenous nanoparticles across Caco-2 monolayers (30-fold increase, P<0.01) and ileal mucosa (268+/-47% of control; P<0.01), whereas inv bacteria had no effect on transcytosis. The transcytosis was concentration-, particle size- and temperature-dependent, and possibly mediated via macropinocytosis. Y. pseudotuberculosis also induced apical expression of beta1-integrin on epithelial cells. A slight drop in TER was seen after exposure to inv+ Y. pseudotuberculosis, whereas mannitol flux and tight junction protein expression was unchanged. In summary, Y. pseudotuberculosis induced apical expression of beta1-integrin and stimulated uptake of nanoparticles via invasin-dependent transcytosis in human intestinal epithelium. Our findings suggest that bacterial factors may initiate transcytosis of luminal exogenous particles across human ileal mucosa, thus presenting a novel mechanism of intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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| 31. |
- Henfridsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to learning: on organizational defenses and vicious circles in technological adaptation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Accounting, Management and Information Technologies. - 0959-8022. ; 10:1, s. 33-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of an interpretive case study, the authors explore the learning implications of introducing First Class in a social services department. The investigated case illustrates how learning efforts easily result in ''vicious circles''; the more learning is sought after, the more solid are the barriers to learning. In this case, the existence of certain organizational virtues - the learning organization and the notion of the professional social worker - were observed to have negative learning implications. Paradoxically, at the espoused level, these two virtues can be understood as healthy signs, although their existence as only virtues makes them basically opposed to learning. The results of this study contribute to existing theory about discontinuity in technological adaptation.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Hällgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
Embracing the drifting environment: The legacy and impact of a Scandinavian project literature classic
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - : Emerald. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 5:4, s. 695-713-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and analysis of the legacy of Christensen and Kreiner's (1991) literally classic Projektledning: att leda och lära i en ofullständig värld (Project Management: to manage and learn in an incomplete world). Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a three-step theoretical analysis deduced from the mentioned classic. The first step provides an overview of the content where the core ideas of the book are derived. This is followed by an analysis of the legacy and impact on theory, empirical approaches, and education. Finally, three main takeaways from the book are discussed. FindingsIn tracking the legacy, the paper analyses, discusses, and illustrates how the Scandinavian approach to projects has evolved. It pinpoints the two core insights of the book; the importance of understanding the impact of the institutional environment on operations, and embracing uncertainty as a natural part of everyday organizational reality. Based on these insights it is shown how the book has expanded the theoretical contributions towards a focus on temporary organisations and everyday practice, how it has helped to make situated empirical research matter, and how it has influenced education to deal with real-life project challenges. Research limitations/implicationsThis paper investigates a book available only in the Scandinavian language and thus only available for a Scandinavian research community. As such the review is written from a Scandinavian perspective, with the limitations in terms of objectivity to the book that follow from that. Practical implicationsThe main lessons discussed in relation to the heritage from the book are: an increased focus on the details of organizing, situated multi-level case-studies, and situation-sensitive teaching methodologies. The paper argues that an increased understanding of projects should start with a detailed multi-level analysis of temporary organizing to provide a sound foundation on which to base future research and teaching. Originality/valueThe paper provides an understanding of the origins and diffusion of underpinning ideas of the Scandinavian approach to project management.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Moral? I don't care, I just run a project!
- 2009
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Ingår i: Feelings and business. - Stockholm : Santérus Academic Press Sweden. - 9789173350143 ; , s. 129-149
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 38. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Orchestrating deviations in global projects : Projects-as-Practice observations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 26:4, s. 352-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary projects in a global environment are challenging to manage on a daily basis because of the need for situation-specific attention, on one hand, and the desire for efficiency and standardisation on the other. On the basis of loosely coupled systems theory, this paper investigates how a project team responds to departures from the project plan, de-couples these deviations from other activities in the project, treats the deviations and re-couples them. Through participant observations, interviews, as well as vocabulary used by project managers, the paper identifies two general sequences of de-coupling and re-coupling in responding to deviations. In "good enough" practice flexibility initially dominates the sequence, postponing stabilization of the situation until later when the appropriateness of the previous actions is considered. "Carefully assessed" practice on the other hand is initially dominated by creating a stable situation, and secondly flexibility is required in the search for the solution. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Project management practice : making project management research matter
- 2006
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Ingår i: Irnop.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Project theory is not only an immature field of research, it is insubstantial when it comes to understanding what is really going on in projects. This paper contributes to making project research matter to the academic as well as the practitioner through the theoretical development of a project-as-practice approach, aligned with an ongoing debate in social science research. We outline the framework of project-as-practice and argue that there are two major challenges to the researcher: the relevance challenge and the pattern challenge. We suggest how these challenges can be met and give some examples of earlier studies that have done so. The practice approach is not a substitute to present theorizing but rather a complement that brings substance. Finally, underlying notions of the practice approach are outlined in order to have a fruitful future development of a project-as-practice approach that makes project theory matter!
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| 40. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Projects-as-practice : new approach, new insights
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Oxford handbook of project management. - : Oxford University Press. - 9780199563142 - 9780191724879 ; , s. 500-518
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article mainly focuses on projects-as-practice based in the social sciences, and it suggests that the situated practice side of a social phenomenon is also important as a basis of study for understanding what is done. While the study is empirical, it focuses on the actions and actors involved in building or organizing environments, rather than simply looking at aggregated social processes or structures. With this approach, projects are seen as the sum of the actions of the people involved, which emphasizes both how people involved in projects act and how their typical workdays are structured. This may shed light on areas such as the importance of project management practice for strategic organizational change or the improvisation that is necessary for project execution.
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| 41. |
- Hällgren, Markus, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Projects-as-practice : taking stock and moving on
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Research handbook on complex project organizing. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800880276 - 9781800880283 ; , s. 107-116
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
- Hällgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Relevance lost! a critical review of project management standardisation
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 5:3, s. 457-485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the consequences of the diffusion of generic project management knowledge.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is conceptual in its nature, using short examples of four different areas (education, research, certification and practice) to show the diffusion of project management knowledge throughout these areas.Findings: In this paper the authors argue that relevance may be lost at two levels. The first loss occurs when the practice of project management is transferred, through generalisation and standardisation, into what is generally known as “Best Practice”. The second occurs when “Best Practice” is transferred back to where it is applied (education, research, certification and practice).Research limitations/implications: The risk of losing relevance has consequences for what one bases one's assumptions of the nature of projects upon. If the assumptions are based on standardized knowledge, without critically assessing its correctness, the likelihood of producing less relevant research is higher.Practical implications: With the risk of losing relevance the authors argue that anyone involved in the areas of education, research, certification and practice needs to be cautious of how they perceive and work with the standards. There is a risk that the knowledge becomes even less relevant and students and practitioners are therefore less prepared for reality.Originality/value: This paper is part of the literature critiquing the standardization of project management knowledge but it is distinct in terms of how the diffusion processes are perceived and utilized in a project setting.
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| 43. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking out of the straitjacket of project research: in search of contribution
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : Emerald. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 4:3, s. 378-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a different and partly new strategy is needed in order to make research on projects relevant and interesting to a wider scientific community, including organisation and management theory.Design/methodology/approach – The aim is accomplished through a mystery-focused process that identifies what is not explained and continuously confronts empirical data with theoretical explanations in an interactive manner.Findings – Based on a phenomenology-stimulated meta-analysis of the field of project research, the paper outlines an alternative view of the field of project research and four streams of research, each of which is represented by its own scope, focus, audience and “taken-for-granted” assumptions. The streams are: in search of best practice, in search of legitimacy, in search of inspiration and in search of contribution.Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests that, in order to make an true impact on management and social science theories in general, projects must be redefined as objects of study rather than the raison d'être. The inherent paradox, and the conclusion of the paper is that, in order to become more relevant for a broader research community, projects must be reduced to an empirical illustration, a case among others.Originality/value – The paper provides a meta-analysis of the project management research field and offers new insights into challenges that need to be addressed in order to make project management research relevant for a wider management research community.
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| 44. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Project Studies Beyond the Straitjacket : An Escape Artist's Manual
- 2020
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Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 51:4, s. 411-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides insights into ways in which project studies can be extended to make further impact on and contributions to other research domains, including more general management and organization studies. Inspired by literature on the phenomenology of science, publication practices, logics of research communities, and theory building, we analyze some examples of project studies that reach beyond the project domain. Based on this analysis, we present an "escape artist's manual" consisting of strategies and practices for how researchers could think about and design project studies to enable contributions beyond the home domain.
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| 45. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Researching and Theorizing the Temporary Organization and Project Families
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 22nd Nordic Academy of Management Conference. ; , s. 113-113
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The “what is a project” question is probably one of the most repeated sentences in research related to projects and temporary organizations. The question is natural because if you are going to make assertions or grounded statements about any phenomenon, you need to be clear on what it is to make sense. Since the question has been repeated in several contexts the answers are also fairly disparate, at least if you believe in research as putting the phenomena and research results under scrutiny. Similarly, temporary organization concepts are unclear, both depending on context and on what characteristics are being studied. At that, for some researchers, the denomination temporary organization is thought of as a theoretical construct whereas projects refer to the empirical phenomena. Attempts to define have also been numerous in the past but the success in doing so has however been limited. As we want to promote pluralism and diversity we pose the question of how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing? In this paper, notions of family resemblance in a Wittgenstein meaning – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – are used in this effort to contribute to forwarding the research area towards more opportunities for theorizing.
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| 46. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Researching Projects and Theorizing Families of Temporary Organizations
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Project Management Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 8756-9728 .- 1938-9507. ; 46:5, s. 9-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the contemporary development where most temporary, focused, and organized endeavors can be regarded as a project and studied as a temporary organization, we here ask how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing? Based on the notions of family resemblance – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – we propose a new dynamic framework that we believe is useful in order to advance studies of projects and temporary organizations towards more opportunities for rigorous theorizing.
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| 47. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Researching Projects and Theorizing Families of Temporary Organizations
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- “What is a project?”, is probably one of the most repeated questions in research related to projects and temporary organizations. The question is natural because if you are going to make assertions or grounded statements about any phenomenon, you need to be clear on what it is to make sense. Since the question has been repeated in several contexts the answers are also fairly disparate, at least if you believe in research as putting the phenomena and research results under scrutiny. At that, the temporary organization concept is unclear, both depending on context and on what characteristics are being studied. For some but not all researchers, the denomination temporary organization is thought of as a theoretical construct whereas projects refer to empirical phenomena. Attempts to define the two concepts have also been numerous in the past, but the success in doing so has however been limited. As we want to promote pluralism and diversity we pose the question of how these concepts can be defined without hindering pluralism in understanding, development, and theorizing. In this paper, notions of family resemblance in a Wittgenstein meaning – the idea that it is not a specific trait, but a variety of traits that are shared by some, but not all, members of a family – are used in an effort to contribute to forwarding the research area towards more opportunities for more rigorous theorizing.
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| 48. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Scandinavian Turn of Project Research : Reflections on History and Future Directions
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In retrospect it appears that there was a turn in project research during the late 1980’s and beginning of the 1990’s. The subsequent movement—centered on applying organization theory approaches to projects—is now coming of age. In this paper we focus on the ‘coming of age’ notion by describing trajectories for the ‘Scandinavian School of Project Management’—where it comes from, how it has developed over time, and ultimately reflecting on the question if the movement still exists. In doing so, we juxtapose the emergent ideas with a more structured research programme that came out of the UK around 2006. The main questions addressed concern a) on what these two streams of research have been founded, b) how they have evolved, and c) their influence. Our purpose is to describe and analyze important parts of the contemporary development of project research and to outline potential and plausible directions for the future. The results, which are partly based on a survey distributed to 27 active and well-renowned project researchers around the world, shows that there are signs that the once novel notion of the Scandinavian school has now developed to become normal science in the Kuhn (1970) sense of the expression. Taking on a Kuhnian perspective of the development we sketch two different but parallel types of directions for the future. The first type is to be described as ‘research as usual’, consisting of refinements in line with previous studies along the lines of current practices. The second type is based on how scientific revolutions, potentially also triggered by developments in other scientific areas, might develop to foster new and future directions—a development here tentatively called, a ‘Neo-Scandinavian School of Project Research’.
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| 49. |
- Jacobsson, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a multi-perspective research program on projects and temporary organizations Analyzing the Scandinavian turn and the rethinking effort
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business/Emerald. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 9:4, s. 752-766
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze important parts of the contemporary development of project research and to outline plausible and desirable directions for the future. Design/methodology/approach - This is accomplished through a review of the "Scandinavian School of Project Management" and "Rethinking Project Management," which is complemented with a set of questions distributed to 27 active researchers within the project research field from around the world. Findings - Through the analysis the authors show how the two streams have more similarities than differences, despite the fact that they have been initiated in very different contexty 8ts and ways. The authors could also conclude that the "Scandinavian School" appears stronger on the international scene than in the Nordic countries, and that general perception of what the "school" stands for has changed and been blurred with time. Based on the analysis the authors also proposed the need for a broad, more coherent research effort in terms of a multi-perspective research program on projects and temporary organizations. The essence of this would be: an action research profile to improve practice and foresee the future; a combined research focus on institutional change and project practice to ensure both theoretical and empirical progress; and a strong global perspective to further enrich both theory and practice. Research limitations/implications - This research has obvious limitations in terms of empirical scope and response selection. The questionnaire results should therefore be interpreted with care. Originality/value - The value of this research lies in its reflective nature and the proposed trajectory of the project research domain.
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| 50. |
- Jensen, Tommy Nöhr
(författare)
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Översättningar av konkurrens i ekonomiska laboratorier : Om ekonomiska teoriers förenkling, komplexitet och fördunkling i hälso- och sjukvården
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- FRAGMENTERAD SAMMANFATTNINGAktörerna i Stockholms läns landsting simulerar marknad och konkurrens och är väl medvetna om att de gör detta (Den Stora Upphandlingen; en inre marknad inom ramen för en förvaltningsstyrd struktur). Det är inte det denna alternativa berättelse om konkurrens avslöjar. Aktörerna vet precis vad de försöker göra när de försöker organisera hälso- och sjukvården i Stockholms läns landsting genom att låta sig influeras av andra ”världar”. En särskilt relevant ”annan värld” är ekonomen och ekonomisk teori. Men i den till synes medvetna processen händer något, det uppstår komplexitet; det uppträder många olika världar som cirkulerar i Stockholms läns landsting. Men översättningsprocessen av konkurrens stannar inte här. Aktörerna intensifierar sina ansträngningar för att komma tillrätta med det som blivit komplicerat. Nya förslag på hur hälso- och sjukvården ska organiseras konstrueras, där var och en för fram Det Bästa Sättet för att komma till rätta med de observerade problemen. Situationen och tillvaron blir fördunklad och ekonomisk teori har nu översatts så många gånger, av så många olika aktörer, att det cirkulerar otaliga kopior av den. Det är processen av förenkling, komplexitet och fördunkling som är essensen i min re-presentation och i mina anspråk på att försöka förstå konkurrensprocesser. En essens som jag fångar och illustrerar med hur aktörer i aktörsnätverk översätter (associerar, enrollerar och etiketterar) den neoklassiska marknaden.Men annat står också på spel. Aktörer översätter såväl människor som ting samtidigt som ting i sin tur influerar mänskliga föreställningar och ageranden. Men tings förmåga att konstruera människor är begränsat eftersom ting agerar utifrån givna koder, en given Ordning, (som givetvis kan bryta samman och ta oanade vägar, till exempel dataprogram), men som i sig är fyllda av mänskliga avsikter och intentioner. Vissa ”sociotekniska” ting är designade att centrera ”världar”, exempelvis Stockholms läns landsting uttryckt i siffror i en årsredovisning. Likafullt är det bara människor som, i processerna av förenkling, komplexitet och fördunkling, kan träda fram och konstruera och centrera heterogent materiella världar, men genom att centrera mängder av heterogena material (såväl människor som ting) förmår ting visa epistemologiska möjligheter för mänskligt agerande. Människor kan med andra ord färdas långt ut i världen med hjälp av ting. En empirisk observation är att ju längre aktörerna, i hälso- och sjukvården i Stockholms läns landsting, reser i de centrerade heterogent materiella världarna desto mer närsynta blir de samtidigt som potentialen att orsaka allvarliga sidoeffekter blir större och större. En annan empirisk observation i studien är att sidoeffekter hanteras på samma sätt i den nationalekonomiska neoklassiska teorin som i hälso- och sjukvårdens praktik, där internaliserade och väl avgränsade ekonomiska transaktioner antas utgöra normen och sidoeffekter undantagen på marknaden. Istället förhåller sig det precis tvärtom: Sidoeffekter är normen och internaliserade och väl avgränsade ekonomiska transaktioner utgör undantagen.
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