| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 4. |
- Christensen, Emil Dalgaard, et al.
(författare)
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The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Microbiome. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2049-2618. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Growing up with siblings has been linked to numerous health outcomes and is also an important determinant for the developing microbiota. Nonetheless, research into the role of having siblings on the developing microbiota has mainly been incidental.Results: Here, we investigate the specific effects of having siblings on the developing airway and gut microbiota using a total of 4497 hypopharyngeal and fecal samples taken from 686 children in the COPSAC2010 cohort, starting at 1 week of age and continuing until 6 years of age. Sibship was evaluated longitudinally and used for stratification. Microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the variable V4 region. We found siblings in the home to be one of the most important determinants of the developing microbiota in both the airway and gut, with significant differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and relative abundances of the most abundant taxa, with the specific associations being particularly apparent during the first year of life. The age gap to the closest older sibling was more important than the number of older siblings. The signature of having siblings in the gut microbiota at 1 year was associated with protection against asthma at 6 years of age, while no associations were found for allergy.Conclusions: Having siblings is one of the most important factors influencing a child's developing microbiota, and the specific effects may explain previously established associations between siblings and asthma and infectious diseases. As such, siblings should be considered in all studies involving the developing microbiota, with emphasis on the age gap to the closest older sibling rather than the number of siblings. Video abstract.
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| 5. |
- Fleming, Stephen A., et al.
(författare)
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An expert panel on the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bovine osteopontin in infancy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-861X. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human milk, due to its unique composition, is the optimal standard for infant nutrition. Osteopontin (OPN) is abundant in human milk but not bovine milk. The addition of bovine milk osteopontin (bmOPN) to formula may replicate OPN’s concentration and function in human milk. To address safety concerns, we convened an expert panel to assess the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bmOPN in infancy. The exposure of breastfed infants to human milk OPN (hmOPN) has been well-characterized and decreases markedly over the first 6 months of lactation. Dietary bmOPN is resistant to gastric and intestinal digestion, absorbed and cleared from circulation within 8–24 h, and represents a small portion (<5%) of total plasma OPN. Label studies on hmOPN suggest that after 3 h, intact or digested OPN is absorbed into carcass (62%), small intestine (23%), stomach (5%), and small intestinal perfusate (4%), with <2% each found in the cecum, liver, brain, heart, and spleen. Although the results are heterogenous with respect to bmOPN’s physiologic impact, no adverse impacts have been reported across growth, gastrointestinal, immune, or brain-related outcomes. Recombinant bovine and human forms demonstrate similar absorption in plasma as bmOPN, as well as effects on cognition and immunity. The panel recommended prioritization of trials measuring a comprehensive set of clinically relevant outcomes on immunity and cognition to confirm the safety of bmOPN over that of further research on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This review offers expert consensus on the adequacy of data available to assess the safety of bmOPN for use in infant formula, aiding evidence-based decisions on the formulation of infant formula.
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| 6. |
- Green, Alanna C., et al.
(författare)
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Formate overflow drives toxic folate trapping in MTHFD1 inhibited cancer cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Metabolism. - : Springer Nature. - 2522-5812. ; 5:4, s. 642-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer cells fuel their increased need for nucleotide supply by upregulating one-carbon (1C) metabolism, including the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase–cyclohydrolase 1 and 2 (MTHFD1 and MTHFD2). TH9619 is a potent inhibitor of dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities in both MTHFD1 and MTHFD2, and selectively kills cancer cells. Here, we reveal that, in cells, TH9619 targets nuclear MTHFD2 but does not inhibit mitochondrial MTHFD2. Hence, overflow of formate from mitochondria continues in the presence of TH9619. TH9619 inhibits the activity of MTHFD1 occurring downstream of mitochondrial formate release, leading to the accumulation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, which we term a ‘folate trap’. This results in thymidylate depletion and death of MTHFD2-expressing cancer cells. This previously uncharacterized folate trapping mechanism is exacerbated by physiological hypoxanthine levels that block the de novo purine synthesis pathway, and additionally prevent 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate consumption for purine synthesis. The folate trapping mechanism described here for TH9619 differs from other MTHFD1/2 inhibitors and antifolates. Thus, our findings uncover an approach to attack cancer and reveal a regulatory mechanism in 1C metabolism.
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| 7. |
- Gregersen, Nils Petter, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Unga mopedisters olycksinblandning : orsaker och konsekvenser
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med den här undersökningen är att öka kunskaperna om de processer som leder fram till olyckor genom en kunskapsöversikt, djupstudier av mopedolyckor med svår skada och analyser av ungdomars diskussioner om moped på internet. Mopedolyckor är vanligast bland unga män. En mängd olika bakomliggande faktorer har identifierats som har betydelse för mopedisters möjligheter att köra säkert och undvika olyckor. Utöver förmågan att hantera sitt fordon i trafik presenteras aspekter som är avgörande för motivation och vilka beslut man tar inför och under färd. Dessa aspekter kan till exempel vara ålder, kön, personlighet, grupptillhörighet, socioekonomisk bakgrund och fysiologisk utveckling, bland annat av hjärnan. Statistik över mopedförsäljning visar att mopedförsäljningen minskar i Sverige. Störst är nedgången för klass I. Orsakerna kan vara flera, till exempel nya körkortsregler eller lågkonjunktur. Nedgången avspeglar sig också i olycksutvecklingen där antalet skadade och dödade mopedister minskar över tid. Även dominansen av olycksdrabbade bland 15-åringar minskar. Av intervjuerna framgår att detta med att samlas i gäng omkring mopederna mest är något som pojkar gör. Det hänger också ihop med åldern. När man börjat gymnasiet framträder andra intressen på helger och fritid än att köra runt med mopederna. Från internetanalysen kan man konstatera att det på många platser diskuteras mellan ungdomar om mopeden. Det handlar om teknik, reservdelar, trimning, fortkörning, hjälmanvändning, polisingripanden med mera. De diskussioner som förs kan betraktas som en grund för etablering av rollmodeller, förebilder och ideal för olika subkulturer inom mopedvärlden, oftast med negativ slagsida ur trafiksäkerhetsperspektiv. Åtgärder diskuteras när det gäller polisinsatser och regelverk, åldersgränser, teknik, försäkring, utbildning, ungdoms- och föräldramedverkan, informationskampanjer, internet, fordonsklassificering, infrastruktur och framtida tekniska stödsystem.
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| 8. |
- Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: a meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children.
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676 .- 1549-1277. ; 8:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n=218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n=19,268). METHODS AND FINDINGS: All studies identified to have data on the FTO rs9939609 variant (or any proxy [r(2)>0.8]) and PA were invited to participate, regardless of ethnicity or age of the participants. PA was standardized by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable (physically inactive versus active) in each study. Overall, 25% of adults and 13% of children were categorized as inactive. Interaction analyses were performed within each study by including the FTO×PA interaction term in an additive model, adjusting for age and sex. Subsequently, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the interaction terms. In adults, the minor (A-) allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity by 1.23-fold/allele (95% CI 1.20-1.26), but PA attenuated this effect (p(interaction) =0.001). More specifically, the minor allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity less in the physically active group (odds ratio =1.22/allele, 95% CI 1.19-1.25) than in the inactive group (odds ratio =1.30/allele, 95% CI 1.24-1.36). No such interaction was found in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The association of the FTO risk allele with the odds of obesity is attenuated by 27% in physically active adults, highlighting the importance of PA in particular in those genetically predisposed to obesity.
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| 9. |
- Kjær, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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A new setup for low-temperature gas-phase ion fluorescence spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 0034-6748 .- 1089-7623. ; 92:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we present a new instrument named LUNA2 (LUminescence iNstrument in Aarhus 2), which is purpose-built to measure dispersed fluorescence spectra of gaseous ions produced by electrospray ionization and cooled to low temperatures (<100 K). LUNA2 is, as an earlier room-temperature setup (LUNA), optimized for a high collection efficiency of photons and includes improvements based on our operational experience with LUNA. The fluorescence cell is a cylindrical Paul trap made of copper with a hole in the ring electrode to permit laser light to interact with the trapped ions, and one end-cap electrode is a mesh grid combined with an aspheric condenser lens. The entrance and exit electrodes are both in physical contact with the liquid-nitrogen cooling unit to reduce cooling times. Mass selection is done in a two-step scheme where, first, high-mass ions are ejected followed by low-mass ions according to the Mathieu stability region. This scheme may provide a higher mass resolution than when only one DC voltage is used. Ions are irradiated by visible light delivered from a nanosecond 20-Hz pulsed laser, and dispersed fluorescence is measured with a spectrometer combined with an iCCD camera that allows intensification of the signal for a short time interval. LUNA2 contains an additional Paul trap that can be used for mass selection before ions enter the fluorescence cell, which potentially is relevant to diminishing RF heating in the cold trap. Successful operation of the setup is demonstrated from experiments with rhodamine dyes and oxazine-4, and spectral changes with temperature are identified.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Paulsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration in public transport planning : Why, how and what?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 69, s. 377-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is about collaboration in public transport governance. Drawing upon the emerging literature that views collaboration through the lens of networks, we explore why and how regional public transport authorities collaborate with both municipalities and public transport operators in the planning of public transport. We also explore the advantages and disadvantages of such collaborations. Based on interviews with civil servants (government officers) in the Swedish metropolitan regions of Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Scania, we conclude that collaboration is, firstly, a way for the regional public transport authorities (RPTA) to engage with the local municipalities and develop joint agreements on public transport priorities. It is also a way to build a common identity with the public transport operators, who operate services under tendered contracts. Secondly, we find that collaboration takes place during official meetings, as well as in informal conversations and face-to-face dialogues. Thirdly, the potential advantages and disadvantages of collaboration hinge on the ability of coordinating actors to put in place processes where the feasibility of plans can be established, and where a sense of common identity can be constructed.
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| 13. |
- Paulsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Samverkan i kollektivtrafiken : Varför, hur och med vilka konsekvenser?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs i regionala nätverk som inkluderar ett flertal organisationer. Förutom regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter är kommuner, trafikföretag, resenärsgrupper och handelsföreningar med flera involverade i dessa nätverk på olika sätt. För att kunna styra dessa nätverk krävs samverkan. Med samverkan menas att flera formellt självständiga organisationer arbetar tillsammans för att etablera och realisera gemensamma mål. I den här rapporten beskrivs hur samverkan fungerar som ett medel för de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna att styra de regionala nätverk där kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs.Utifrån den forskning som rapporten bygger på framkommer att det finns ett stort behov av samverkan mellan offentliga planeringsorganisationer på nationell, regional och lokal nivå, samt mellan offentliga och privata aktörer. Samverkan är en styrningsform som skapar förutsättningar för en sammanhållen kollektivtrafik som fungerar utifrån ett resenärsperspektiv. Ett konkret exempel är den nära koppling som behöver finnas mellan bebyggelseplanering och planering och utveckling av kollektivtrafik för att kollektivtrafiken ska bli smidig och kostnadseffektiv. Utan samverkan blir denna koppling svår att få till i praktiken. Samtidigt är det viktigt att uppmärksamma att samverkan både kan komplettera och motverka andra styrningsformer. Styrning baserad på tillit och ömsesidig förståelse kan undergrävas om det samtidigt sker en kontroll och övervakning av andre parten.Slutsatsen i rapporten är att samverkan är ett medel för att styra i de regionala nätverk där kollektivtrafik planeras och bedrivs. Samverkan är en särskilt viktig styrningsform i två hänseenden. För det första är det ett sätt att utveckla gemensamma överenskommelser om prioriteringar för kollektivtrafik och för regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter att säkerställa genomförbarheten av långsiktiga planer i en situation där kommunerna har monopol på markanvändningen. För det andra är samverkan ett sätt för de regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna att etablera en gemensam identitet med de aktörer, främst kommuner och trafikföretag, som de arbetar tillsammans med. Vare sig det rör sig om informella samverkansformer eller formella avtal, så krävs någon typ av gemensam identitet och målbild för att de alla ska kunna se sin roll i att skapa ett fungerande och effektivt kollektivtrafiksystem.
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| 14. |
- Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts : prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 14:9, s. 813-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution is suspected to cause lung cancer. We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and lung cancer incidence in European populations.METHODS: This prospective analysis of data obtained by the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects used data from 17 cohort studies based in nine European countries. Baseline addresses were geocoded and we assessed air pollution by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5), and between 2·5 and 10 μm (PMcoarse), soot (PM2·5absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and two traffic indicators. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses.FINDINGS: The 312 944 cohort members contributed 4 013 131 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 12·8 years), 2095 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed a statistically significant association between risk for lung cancer and PM10 (hazard ratio [HR] 1·22 [95% CI 1·03-1·45] per 10 μg/m(3)). For PM2·5 the HR was 1·18 (0·96-1·46) per 5 μg/m(3). The same increments of PM10 and PM2·5 were associated with HRs for adenocarcinomas of the lung of 1·51 (1·10-2·08) and 1·55 (1·05-2·29), respectively. An increase in road traffic of 4000 vehicle-km per day within 100 m of the residence was associated with an HR for lung cancer of 1·09 (0·99-1·21). The results showed no association between lung cancer and nitrogen oxides concentration (HR 1·01 [0·95-1·07] per 20 μg/m(3)) or traffic intensity on the nearest street (HR 1·00 [0·97-1·04] per 5000 vehicles per day).INTERPRETATION: Particulate matter air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence in Europe.FUNDING: European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.
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| 15. |
- Rayner, Manny, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling Lingware in a Multilingual MT System
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ACL/EACL Workshop From Research to Commercial Applications. ; , s. 65-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe two methods relevant to multilingual machine translation systems, which can be used to port linguistic data (grammars, lexicons and transfer rules) between systems used for processing related languages. The methods are fully implemented within the Spoken Language Translator system, and were used to create versions of the systems for two new language pairs using only a month of expert effort.
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| 16. |
- Roswall, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of predefined 'Nordic' dietary items in ten European countries : an investigation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 17:12, s. 2650-2659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Health-beneficial effects of adhering to a healthy Nordic diet index have been suggested. However, it has not been examined to what extent the included dietary components are exclusively related to the Nordic countries or if they are part of other European diets as well, suggesting a broader preventive potential. The present study describes the intake of seven a priori defined healthy food items (apples/pears, berries, cabbages, dark bread, shellfish, fish and root vegetables) across ten countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and examines their consumption across Europe. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. A 24 h dietary recall was administered through a software program containing country-specific recipes. Sex-specific mean food intake was calculated for each centre/country, as well as percentage of overall food groups consumed as healthy Nordic food items. All analyses were weighted by day and season of data collection. SETTING: Multi-centre, European study. SUBJECTS: Persons (n 36 970) aged 35-74 years, constituting a random sample of 519 978 EPIC participants. RESULTS: The highest intakes of the included diet components were: cabbages and berries in Central Europe; apples/pears in Southern Europe; dark bread in Norway, Denmark and Greece; fish in Southern and Northern countries; shellfish in Spain; and root vegetables in Northern and Central Europe. Large inter-centre variation, however, existed in some countries. CONCLUSIONS: Dark bread, root vegetables and fish are strongly related to a Nordic dietary tradition. Apples/pears, berries, cabbages, fish, shellfish and root vegetables are broadly consumed in Europe, and may thus be included in regional public health campaigns.
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| 17. |
- Ruiz-Gomez, Maria de Lourdes, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral plasticity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with divergent coping styles : when doves become hawks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 54:4, s. 534-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent and heritable individual differences in reaction to challenges, often referred to as stress coping styles, have been extensively documented in vertebrates. In fish, selection for divergent post-stress plasma cortisol levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has yielded a low (LR) and a high responsive (HR) strain. A suite of behavioural traits is associated with this physiological difference, with LR (proactive) fish feeding more rapidly after transfer to a new environment and being socially dominant over HR (reactive) fish. Following transport from the UK to Norway, a switch in behavioural profile occurred in trout from the 3rd generation; HR fish regained feeding sooner than LR fish in a novel environment and became dominant in size-matched HR-LR pairs. One year after transport, HR fish still fed sooner, but no difference in social dominance was found. Among offspring of transported fish, no differences in feeding were observed, but as in pre-transported 3rd generation fish, HR fish lost fights for social dominance against size-matched LR opponents. Transported fish and their offspring retained their distinctive physiological profile throughout the study; HR fish showed consistently higher post-stress cortisol levels at all sampling points. Altered risk-taking and social dominance immediately after transport may be explained by the fact that HR fish lost more body mass during transport than did LR fish. These data demonstrate that some behavioural components of stress coping styles can be modified by experience, whereas behavioural plasticity is limited by genetic effects determining social position early in life story.
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| 18. |
- Schönenberger, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Association of General Anesthesia vs Procedural Sedation With Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 322:13, s. 1283-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General anesthesia during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke has been associated with poor neurological outcome in nonrandomized studies. Three single-center randomized trials reported no significantly different or improved outcomes for patients who received general anesthesia compared with procedural sedation.To detect differences in functional outcome at 3 months between patients who received general anesthesia vs procedural sedation during thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.MEDLINE search for English-language articles published from January 1, 1980, to July 31, 2019.Randomized clinical trials of adults with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of at least 10 and anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke assigned to receive general anesthesia or procedural sedation during thrombectomy.Individual patient data were obtained from 3 single-center, randomized, parallel-group, open-label treatment trials with blinded end point evaluation that met inclusion criteria and were analyzed using fixed-effects meta-analysis.Degree of disability, measured via the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score (range 0-6; lower scores indicate less disability), analyzed with the common odds ratio (cOR) to detect the ordinal shift in the distribution of disability over the range of mRS scores.A total of 368 patients (mean [SD] age, 71.5 [12.9] years; 163 [44.3%] women; median [interquartile range] National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 17 [14-21]) were included in the analysis, including 183 (49.7%) who received general anesthesia and 185 (50.3%) who received procedural sedation. The mean 3-month mRS score was 2.8 (95% CI, 2.5-3.1) in the general anesthesia group vs 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0-3.5) in the procedural sedation group (difference, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.03-0.83]; cOR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.09-2.29]; P=.02). Among prespecified adverse events, only hypotension (decline in systolic blood pressure of more than 20% from baseline) (80.8% vs 53.1%; OR, 4.26 [95% CI, 2.55-7.09]; P<.001) and blood pressure variability (systolic blood pressure >180 mm Hg or <120 mm Hg) (79.7 vs 62.3%; OR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.49-3.93]; P<.001) were significantly more common in the general anesthesia group.Among patients with acute ischemic stroke involving the anterior circulation undergoing thrombectomy, the use of protocol-based general anesthesia, compared with procedural sedation, was significantly associated with less disability at 3 months. These findings should be interpreted tentatively, given that the individual trials examined were single-center trials and disability was the primary outcome in only 1 trial.
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| 19. |
- Smith, Caren E., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide Interactions with Dairy Intake for Body Mass Index in Adults of European Descent
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125. ; 62:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Body weight responds variably to the intake of dairy foods. Genetic variation may contribute to inter-individual variability in associations between body weight and dairy consumption. Methods and results: A genome-wide interaction study to discover genetic variants that account for variation in BMI in the context of low-fat, high-fat and total dairy intake in cross-sectional analysis was conducted. Data from nine discovery studies (up to 25 513 European descent individuals) were meta-analyzed. Twenty-six genetic variants reached the selected significance threshold (p-interaction <10−7), and six independent variants (LINC01512-rs7751666, PALM2/AKAP2-rs914359, ACTA2-rs1388, PPP1R12A-rs7961195, LINC00333-rs9635058, AC098847.1-rs1791355) were evaluated meta-analytically for replication of interaction in up to 17 675 individuals. Variant rs9635058 (128 kb 3’ of LINC00333) was replicated (p-interaction = 0.004). In the discovery cohorts, rs9635058 interacted with dairy (p-interaction = 7.36 × 10−8) such that each serving of low-fat dairy was associated with 0.225 kg m−2 lower BMI per each additional copy of the effect allele (A). A second genetic variant (ACTA2-rs1388) approached interaction replication significance for low-fat dairy exposure. Conclusion: Body weight responses to dairy intake may be modified by genotype, in that greater dairy intake may protect a genetic subgroup from higher body weight.
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| 20. |
- Ståhle, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Strong Toughening Mechanisms in an Elastic Plastic Laminate
- 2007
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Ingår i: Interface design of polymer matrix composites : mechanics, chemistry, modelling and manufacturing : proceedings of the international Symposium on Materials Science - proceedings of the international Symposium on Materials Science. - : DTU Risø. - 8755036260 ; , s. 273-280, s. 273-279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fracture process of a laminate is analysed. The laminate is a material used for packaging.It consists of a thin aluminium foil with a polymer coating. In both materials, the fractureprocesses are supposed to be dominantly localized plastic deformation. A Barenblatt regionis supposed to spread ahead of the crack tip. This region is analysed in its cross planeinvoking plane deformation conditions. The fracture process is assumed to be continuousreduction of the cross sectional area in the crack plane until the load carrying capacityvanishes with the vanishing cross sectional area. One case where the interface betweenthe two materials is perfectly bonded and one case with delamination of the interface areexamined. The results are compared with the properties of the individual layers. At fracturemechanical testing of the laminate, it is observed that the load carrying capacity increasesdramatically as compared with that of the individual layers. When peak load is reachedfor the laminate, strains are fairly small and only the aluminium is expected to carry anysubstantial load because of the low stiffness of the polymer. It is therefore surprising thatthe strength of the laminate is almost twice the strength of the aluminium foil. The reasonseems to be that the constraint introduced across the interface, forces the polymer to absorblarge quantities of energy at small nominal strain. The toughness compares well with theaccumulated toughness of all involved layers. Based on the results, a method is suggestedfor designing ultra tough laminates based on careful selection of material combinations and interface properties. The method gives a laminate that produces mutlple necking.
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| 21. |
- Tarp, Julie Bjerre, et al.
(författare)
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Vascular function in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: IJC Heart and Vasculature. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-9067. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) may have a low burden of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an early stage of atherosclerosis and endothelial function is previously studied in smaller CCHD groups with different techniques and variable results. We aimed to examine endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis in a larger group of CCHD patients. Methods: This multicentre study assessed endothelial function in adults with CCHD and controls by measuring the dilatory response of the brachial artery to post-ischemic hyperaemia (endothelium-dependent flow-mediated-vasodilatation (FMD)), and to nitroglycerin (endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-induced dilatation (NID)). Flow was measured at baseline and after ischaemia (reactive hyperaemia). Carotid-intima-media-thickness (CIMT), prevalence of carotid plaque and plaque thickness (cPT-max) were evaluated ultrasonographically. Lipoproteins, inflammatory and vascular markers, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were measured. Results: Forty-five patients with CCHD (median age 50 years) and 45 matched controls (median age 52 years) were included. The patients presented with lower reactive hyperaemia (409 ± 114% vs. 611 ± 248%, p < 0.0001), however preserved FMD response compared to controls (106.5 ± 8.3% vs. 106.4 ± 6.1%, p = 0.95). In contrast, NID was lower in the patients (110.5 ± 6.1% vs. 115.1 ± 7.4%, p = 0.053). There was no difference in CIMT, carotid plaque or cPT-max. The patients presented with lower high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher level of inflammatory markers and S1P. Conclusion: Adults with CCHD had preserved FMD in the brachial artery, but impaired NID response and lower reactive hyperaemia than controls. The preserved FMD and the comparable prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis indicate that CCHD patients have the same risk of atherosclerosis as controls.
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| 22. |
- Watts, Eleanor L., et al.
(författare)
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Observational and genetic associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer : a UK Biobank and international consortia study
- 2024
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 130, s. 114-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The association of fitness with cancer risk is not clear.Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of lung, colorectal, endometrial, breast, and prostate cancer in a subset of UK Biobank participants who completed a submaximal fitness test in 2009-12 (N = 72,572). We also investigated relationships using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method.Results: After a median of 11 years of follow-up, 4290 cancers of interest were diagnosed. A 3.5 ml O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 total-body mass increase in fitness (equivalent to 1 metabolic equivalent of task (MET), approximately 0.5 standard deviation (SD)) was associated with lower risks of endometrial (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73–0.89), colorectal (0.94, 0.90–0.99), and breast cancer (0.96, 0.92–0.99). In MR analyses, a 0.5 SD increase in genetically predicted O2⋅min−1⋅kg−1 fat-free mass was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98). After adjusting for adiposity, both the observational and genetic associations were attenuated.Discussion: Higher fitness levels may reduce risks of endometrial, colorectal, and breast cancer, though relationships with adiposity are complex and may mediate these relationships. Increasing fitness, including via changes in body composition, may be an effective strategy for cancer prevention.
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| 23. |
- Westergaard, David, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies five loci associated with postpartum hemorrhage.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - 1546-1718.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bleeding in early pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) bear substantial risks, with the former closely associated with pregnancy loss and the latter being the foremost cause of maternal death, underscoring the severe impact on maternal-fetal health. We identified five genetic loci linked to PPH in a meta-analysis. Functional annotation analysis indicated candidate genes HAND2, TBX3 and RAP2C/FRMD7 at three loci and showed that at each locus, associated variants were located within binding sites for progesterone receptors. There were strong genetic correlations with birth weight, gestational duration and uterine fibroids. Bleeding in early pregnancy yielded no genome-wide association signals but showed strong genetic correlation with various human traits, suggesting a potentially complex, polygenic etiology. Our results suggest that PPH is related to progesterone signaling dysregulation, whereas early bleeding is a complex trait associated with underlying health and possibly socioeconomic status and may include genetic factors that have not yet been identified.
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