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- Armengaud, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the physics potential of a next generation search for solar axions: the International Axion Observatory (IAXO). Endowed with a sensitivity to discover axion-like particles (ALPs) with a coupling to photons as small as g(a gamma) similar to 10(-12) GeV-1, or to electrons g(ae) similar to 10(-13), IAXO has the potential to find the QCD axion in the 1 meV similar to 1 eV mass range where it solves the strong CP problem, can account for the cold dark matter of the Universe and be responsible for the anomalous cooling observed in a number of stellar systems. At the same time, IAXO will have enough sensitivity to detect lower mass axions invoked to explain: 1) the origin of the anomalous transparency of the Universe to gamma-rays, 2) the observed soft X-ray excess from galaxy clusters or 3) some inflationary models. In addition, we review string theory axions with parameters accessible by IAXO and discuss their potential role in cosmology as Dark Matter and Dark Radiation as well as their connections to the above mentioned conundrums.
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| 4. |
- Obers, Niels A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0146-6410 .- 1873-2224. ; 125
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 “Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach”, is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers.
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| 6. |
- Juutinen, S, et al.
(författare)
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Band structures in Ba-132
- 1995
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C-NUCLEAR PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. ; 52:6, s. 2946-2954
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excited states of Ba-132 were studied in an experiment utilizing the Sn-124(C-13,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 65.5 MeV. The level scheme of Ba-132 was considerably extended from what was previously known. Evidence is presented for neutron h(11/2) alig
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| 10. |
- Parada, Giovanny A., et al.
(författare)
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Concerted proton-electron transfer reactions in the Marcus inverted region
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6439, s. 471-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron transfer reactions slow down when they become very thermodynamically favorable, a counterintuitive interplay of kinetics and thermodynamics termed the inverted region in Marcus theory. Here we report inverted region behavior for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). Photochemical studies of anthracene-phenol-pyridine triads give rate constants for PCET charge recombination that are slower for the more thermodynamically favorable reactions. Photoexcitation forms an anthracene excited state that undergoes PCET to create a charge-separated state. The rate constants for return charge recombination show an inverted dependence on the driving force upon changing pyridine substituents and the solvent. Calculations using vibronically nonadiabatic PCET theory yield rate constants for simultaneous tunneling of the electron and proton that account for the results.
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| 11. |
- Skovdal, Björn Erik
(författare)
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Phase transitions in magnetic metamaterials
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnetic metamaterials consisting of arrays of densely packed, two-dimensional nanoscale magnetic islands have degrees of freedom on two separate length scales: inside the islands, and among them. These degrees of freedom can be tuned by e.g. size, shape, island separation and lattice geometry. The material can thereby be tailored to display behavior corresponding to conventional universality classes, wherein small elongated islands behave like Ising spins and circular ones behave like XY-spins. Making the islands larger promotes inner degrees of freedom in the form of inner magnetic textures. Some of these textures, such as magnetic vortices in circular islands, have a critical impact on the interaction between the islands and therefore also on the global order.In this thesis, the interplay between the inner textures and island-island interactions is explored, anticipating the emergence of behavior beyond that of conventional universality classes. A transition temperature between static and dynamic inner textureswas found in systems with elongated islands. In arrays of circular islands, a collapse from metastable collinear islands to vortex islands was observed, with a dependence on both island size and lattice orientation. Finally, a model was created based on key aspects of the circular islands, and using Monte Carlo calculations, an exotic phase diagram with a tricritical point and first order phase transitions was found. The transition is caused by a mutual dependence on the degrees of freedom inside, and among the elements. The experimental and numerical results presented in this thesis signify the existence of such phase transitions in the multiscale material.
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