| 1. |
- Alagaratnam, J., et al.
(författare)
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No evidence of neuronal damage as measured by neurofilament light chain in a HIV cure study utilising a kick-and-kill approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Virus Eradication. - : Elsevier BV. - 2055-6640. ; 7:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: HIV-remission strategies including kick-and-kill could induce viral transcription and immune activation in the central nervous system, potentially causing neuronal injury. We investigated the impact of kick-and-kill on plasma neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neuro-axonal injury, in RIVER trial participants commencing antiretroviral treatment (ART) during primary infection and randomly allocated to ART-alone or kick-and-kill (ART + vaccination + vorinostat (ART + V + V)). Design: Sub-study measuring serial plasma NfL concentrations. Methods: Plasma NfL (using Simoa digital immunoassay), plasma HIV-1 RNA (using single-copy assay) and total HIV-1 DNA (using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in peripheral CD4(+) T-cells) were measured at randomisation (following >= 22 weeks ART), week 12 (on final intervention day in ART + V + V) and week 18 post randomisation. HIV-specific T-cells were quantified by intracellular cytokine staining at randomisation and week 12. Differences in plasma NfL longitudinally and by study arm were analysed using mixed models and Student's t-test. Associations with plasma NfL were assessed using linear regression and rank statistics. Results: At randomisation, 58 male participants had median age 32 years and CD4(+) count 696 cells/mu L. No significant difference in plasma NfL was seen longitudinally and by study arm, with median plasma NfL (pg/mL) in ART-only vs ART + V + V: 7.4 vs 6.4, p = 0.16 (randomisation), 8.0 vs 6.9, p = 0.22 (week 12) and 7.1 vs 6.8, p = 0.74 (week 18). Plasma NfL did not significantly correlate with plasma HIV-1 RNA and total HIV-1 DNA concentration in peripheral CD4(+) T-cells at any timepoint. While higher HIV-specific T-cell responses were seen at week 12 in ART + V + V, there were no significant correlations with plasma NfL. In multivariate analysis, higher plasma NfL was associated with older age, higher CD8(+) count and lower body mass index. Conclusions: Despite evidence of vaccine-induced HIV-specific T-cell responses, we observed no evidence of increased neuro-axonal injury using plasma NfL as a biomarker up to 18 weeks following kick-and-kill, compared with ART-only.
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| 2. |
- Reid, A. H., et al.
(författare)
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Beyond a phenomenological description of magnetostriction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetostriction, the strain induced by a change in magnetization, is a universal effect in magnetic materials. Owing to the difficulty in unraveling its microscopic origin, it has been largely treated phenomenologically. Here, we show how the source of magnetostriction-the underlying magnetoelastic stress-can be separated in the time domain, opening the door for an atomistic understanding. X-ray and electron diffraction are used to separate the subpicosecond spin and lattice responses of FePt nanoparticles. Following excitation with a 50-fs laser pulse, time-resolved X-ray diffraction demonstrates that magnetic order is lost within the nanoparticles with a time constant of 146 fs. Ultrafast electron diffraction reveals that this demagnetization is followed by an anisotropic, three-dimensional lattice motion. Analysis of the size, speed, and symmetry of the lattice motion, together with ab initio calculations accounting for the stresses due to electrons and phonons, allow us to reveal the magnetoelastic stress generated by demagnetization.
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| 3. |
- Harari, A, et al.
(författare)
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An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responses
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 205:1, s. 63-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EuroVacc 02 phase I trial has evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant DNA and the poxvirus vector NYVAC, both expressing a common immunogen consisting of Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef polypeptide domain from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 clade C isolate, CN54. 40 volunteers were randomized to receive DNA C or nothing on day 0 and at week 4, followed by NYVAC C at weeks 20 and 24. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were measured at weeks 26 and 28 by the quantification of T cell responses using the interferon γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Our results indicate that the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen was highly immunogenic, as indicated by the detection of T cell responses in 90% of vaccinees and was superior to responses induced by NYVAC C alone (33% of responders). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were (a) vigorous in the case of the env response (mean 480 spot-forming units/106 mononuclear cells at weeks 26/28), (b) polyfunctional for both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, (c) broad (the average number of epitopes was 4.2 per responder), and (d) durable (T cell responses were present in 70% of vaccinees at week 72). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were strongest and most frequently directed against Env (91% of vaccines), but smaller responses against Gag-Pol-Nef were also observed in 48% of vaccinees. These results support the development of the poxvirus platform in the HIV vaccine field and the further clinical development of the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen.
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| 4. |
- Bjork, J., et al.
(författare)
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STM fingerprint of molecule-adatom interactions in a self-assembled metal-organic surface coordination network on Cu(111)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9084 .- 1463-9076. ; 12:31, s. 8815-8821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel approach of identifying metal atoms within a metal-organic surface coordination network using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is presented. The Cu adatoms coordinated in the porous surface network of 1,3,8,10-tetraazaperopyrene (TAPP) molecules on a Cu(111) surface give rise to a characteristic electronic resonance in STM experiments. Using density functional theory calculations, we provide strong evidence that this resonance is a fingerprint of the interaction between the molecules and the Cu adatoms. We also show that the bonding of the Cu adatoms to the organic exodentate ligands is characterised by both the mixing of the nitrogen lone-pair orbitals of TAPP with states on the Cu adatoms and the partial filling of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the TAPP molecule. Furthermore, the key interactions determining the surface unit cell of the network are discussed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hasselstrom, J, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonia adsorbed on Cu(110): An angle resolved x-ray spectroscopic and ab initio study
- 1999
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 110:10, s. 4880-4890
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present a study of a monolayer of ammonia (NH3) adsorbed on Cu(110) using core level spectroscopies in combination with ab initio calculations based on density functional theory. In particular, x-ray emission spectroscopy has been applied, providing an
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| 8. |
- Hasselstrom, J, et al.
(författare)
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The adsorption structure of glycine adsorbed on Cu(110); comparison with formate and acetate/Cu(110)
- 1998
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Ingår i: SURFACE SCIENCE. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0039-6028. ; 407:1-3, s. 221-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The molecular orientation of an ordered monolayer of glycine adsorbed on Cu(110) has been studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS), X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction (XPD), Low-Energy Electron
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| 9. |
- Karis, O, et al.
(författare)
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The bonding of simple carboxylic acids on Cu(110)
- 2000
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-9606. ; 112:18, s. 8146-8155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a study of the bonding of formate (HCOO) and acetate (CH3COO) chemisorbed on Cu(110) using core level spectroscopies in combination with theoretical calculations. For the first time, we apply x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to these systems.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nilsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Local probing of the surface chemical bond using X-ray emission spectroscopy
- 1997
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Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 0947-8396. ; 65:2, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- X-ray emission spectroscopy applied to adsorbate systems is shown to reveal new details of the chemical bond formed at surfaces. An atom and symmetry projected view of the bonding orbitals is obtained. We will present recent studies of N-2 and CO on Ni(10
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| 13. |
- Weinelt, M, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure of benzene on Ni(100) and Cu(110): An x-ray-spectroscopy study
- 1998
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B-CONDENSED MATTER. - : AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC. - 0163-1829. ; 58:11, s. 7351-7360
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The valence electronic structure of benzene chemisorbed on Ni(100) and Cu(110) has been studied using angle-dependent x-ray emission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. These techniques allow us to resolve the benzene p contributions involved in the chemic
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cook, A, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal invasive candidiasis in low- and middle-income countries: Data from the NeoOBS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical mycology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2709 .- 1369-3786. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neonatal invasive candidiasis (NIC) has significant morbidity and mortality. Reports have shown a different profile of those neonates affected with NIC and of fluconazole-resistant Candida spp. isolates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs). We describe the epidemiology, Candida spp. distribution, treatment, and outcomes of neonates with NIC from LMICs enrolled in a global, prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study (NeoOBS) of hospitalized infants <60 days postnatal age with sepsis (August 2018–February 2021). A total of 127 neonates from 14 hospitals in 8 countries with Candida spp. isolated from blood culture were included. Median gestational age of affected neonates was 30 weeks (IQR: 28–34), and median birth weight was 1270 gr (interquartile range [IQR]: 990–1692). Only a minority had high-risk criteria, such as being born <28 weeks, 19% (24/127), or birth weight <1000 gr, 27% (34/127). The most common Candida species were C. albicans (n = 45, 35%), C. parapsilosis (n = 38, 30%), and Candida auris (n = 18, 14%). The majority of C. albicans isolates were fluconazole susceptible, whereas 59% of C. parapsilosis isolates were fluconazole-resistant. Amphotericin B was the most common antifungal used [74% (78/105)], followed by fluconazole [22% (23/105)]. Death by day 28 post-enrollment was 22% (28/127). To our knowledge, this is the largest multi-country cohort of NIC in LMICs. Most of the neonates would not have been considered at high risk for NIC in HICs. A substantial proportion of isolates was resistant to first choice fluconazole. Understanding the burden of NIC in LMIC is essential to guide future research and treatment guidelines.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hoglund, J, et al.
(författare)
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A non-lekking population of black grouse Tetrao tetrix
- 1997
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. - 0908-8857. ; 28:2, s. 184-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a two-year study of an area in central Sweden a population of Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix was found in which displaying males were not clustered on leks. The study area which covered approximately 44 km(2) contained 19 and 30-35 displaying males in 1995
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| 19. |
- Karis, O, et al.
(författare)
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One-step and two-step description of deexcitation processes in weakly interacting systems
- 1996
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. ; 76:8, s. 1380-1383
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The origin of one- and two-step behavior of core-hole decay processes is identified in connection with high resolution autoionization spectra for Ar/Pt(111). The spectra simultaneously show features of the two types (resonant Raman vs Auger-like behavior)
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| 20. |
- Martensson, N, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent and incoherent processes in resonant photoemission
- 1997
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Ingår i: APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING. - 0947-8396. ; 65:2, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The basis for resonant photoemission is discussed in connection with data for a physisorption system, Ar/Pt(111) and a 3d transition metal, Ni(100). For Ar/Pt(111) the quasi-localized character of the intermediate state leads to two types of features in t
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| 21. |
- Matena, M., et al.
(författare)
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On-surface synthesis of a two-dimensional porous coordination network: Unraveling adsorbate interactions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 90, s. 125408-125415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed experimental and theoretical characterization of the adsorption of the perylene derivative 4,9-diaminoperylene-quinone-3,10-diimine (DPDI) on Cu(111) and compare it to its threefold dehydrogenated derivative 3deh-DPDI, which forms in a surface reaction upon annealing. While DPDI itself does not give rise to long-range ordered structures due to lack of appropriate functional groups, 3deh-DPDI acts as an exoligand in a Cu-coordinated honeycomb network on Cu(111). The main focus of this work lies on the analysis of intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions by combining results from scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray standing wave measurements, and density functional theory. We show, in particular, that the interactions between metal atoms and organic ligands effectively weaken the molecule-surface interactions for 3deh-DPDI leading to an increase in molecule-substrate distances compared to the DPDI precursor. Our experimental findings also shed light on the applicability of current theories, namely van der Waals corrections to density functional theory.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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An atom-specific look at the surface chemical bond
- 1997
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0031-9007. ; 78:14, s. 2847-2850
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- High resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy is shown to reveal unprecedented details of the chemical bond formed between a molecule and a transition metal surface. An atom and symmetry projected view of the bonding orbitals is obtained. We find that all o
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| 23. |
- Poli, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Penumbral Rescue by normobaric O?=?O administration in patients with ischemic stroke and target mismatch proFile (PROOF): Study protocol of a phase IIb trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 19:1, s. 120-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Oxygen is essential for cellular energy metabolism. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. Increasing oxygen supply shortly after stroke onset could preserve the ischemic penumbra until revascularization occurs.Aims: PROOF investigates the use of normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy within 6 h of symptom onset/notice for brain-protective bridging until endovascular revascularization of acute intracranial anterior-circulation occlusion.Methods and design: Randomized (1:1), standard treatment-controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter adaptive phase IIb trial.Study outcomes: Primary outcome is ischemic core growth (mL) from baseline to 24 h (intention-to-treat analysis). Secondary efficacy outcomes include change in NIHSS from baseline to 24 h, mRS at 90 days, cognitive and emotional function, and quality of life. Safety outcomes include mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Exploratory analyses of imaging and blood biomarkers will be conducted.Sample size: Using an adaptive design with interim analysis at 80 patients per arm, up to 456 participants (228 per arm) would be needed for 80% power (one-sided alpha 0.05) to detect a mean reduction of ischemic core growth by 6.68 mL, assuming 21.4 mL standard deviation.Discussion: By enrolling endovascular thrombectomy candidates in an early time window, the trial replicates insights from preclinical studies in which NBO showed beneficial effects, namely early initiation of near 100% inspired oxygen during short temporary ischemia. Primary outcome assessment at 24 h on follow-up imaging reduces variability due to withdrawal of care and early clinical confounders such as delayed extubation and aspiration pneumonia.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Weinelt, M, et al.
(författare)
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Resonant photoemission at the 2p edges of Ni: Resonant Raman and interference effects
- 1997
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS. - 0031-9007. ; 78:5, s. 967-970
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Unambiguous evidence for resonant photoemission in Ni is presented. Interference effects are identified at the 2p edges for the valence band and the 6 eV satellite. A rapid transition from a resonant Raman to an Auger-like regime shows that the core-excit
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