| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 352-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.
|
|
| 4. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
No time for smokescreen skepticism : A rejoinder to Shani and Arad
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 341-347
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a "fashionable" and "highly controversial scientific topic". This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.
|
|
| 5. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
-
New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
|
|
| 6. |
- Martinez-Majander, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a subgroup analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 27:5, s. 841-848
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Cancer is a frequent finding in ischaemic stroke patients. The frequency of cancer amongst participants in the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial and the distribution of outcome events during treatment with aspirin and rivaroxaban were investigated. Methods Trial participation required a recent embolic stroke of undetermined source. Patients' history of cancer was recorded at the time of study entry. During a mean follow-up of 11 months, the effects of aspirin and rivaroxaban treatment on recurrent ischaemic stroke, major bleeding and all-cause mortality were compared between patients with cancer and patients without cancer. Results Amongst 7213 randomized patients, 543 (7.5%) had cancer. Of all patients, 3609 were randomized to rivaroxaban [254 (7.0%) with cancer] and 3604 patients to aspirin [289 (8.0%) with cancer]. The annual rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 4.5% in non-cancer patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 4.6% in the aspirin arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.24]. In cancer patients, the rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 7.7% in the rivaroxaban arm and 5.4% in the aspirin arm (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.71-2.87). Amongst cancer patients, the annual rate of major bleeds was non-significantly higher for rivaroxaban than aspirin (2.9% vs. 1.1%; HR 2.57, 95% CI 0.67-9.96; P for interaction 0.95). All-cause mortality was similar in both groups. Conclusions Our exploratory analyses show that patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source and a history of cancer had similar rates of recurrent ischaemic strokes and all-cause mortality during aspirin and rivaroxaban treatments and that aspirin appeared safer than rivaroxaban in cancer patients regarding major bleeds. (NCT02313909).
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Evans, Alistair R., et al.
(författare)
-
The maximum rate of mammal evolution
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:11, s. 4187-4190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How fast can a mammal evolve from the size of a mouse to the size of an elephant? Achieving such a large transformation calls for major biological reorganization. Thus, the speed at which this occurs has important implications for extensive faunal changes, including adaptive radiations and recovery from mass extinctions. To quantify the pace of large-scale evolution we developed a metric, clade maximum rate, which represents the maximum evolutionary rate of a trait within a clade. We applied this metric to body mass evolution in mammals over the last 70 million years, during which multiple large evolutionary transitions occurred in oceans and on continents and islands. Our computations suggest that it took a minimum of 1.6, 5.1, and 10 million generations for terrestrial mammal mass to increase 100-, and 1,000-, and 5,000-fold, respectively. Values for whales were down to half the length (i.e., 1.1, 3, and 5 million generations), perhaps due to the reduced mechanical constraints of living in an aquatic environment. When differences in generation time are considered, we find an exponential increase in maximum mammal body mass during the 35 million years following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event. Our results also indicate a basic asymmetry in macroevolution: very large decreases (such as extreme insular dwarfism) can happen at more than 10 times the rate of increases. Our findings allow more rigorous comparisons of microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns and processes.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Huang, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Mammal body size evolution in North America and Europe over 20 Myr: similar trends generated by different processes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 284:1849
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Because body size interacts with many fundamental biological properties of a species, body size evolution can be an essential component of the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. Here we investigate how body size evolution can be linked to the clade-specific diversification dynamics in different geographical regions. We analyse an extensive body size dataset of Neogene large herbivores (covering approx. 50% of the 970 species in the orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla) in Europe and North America in a Bayesian framework. We reconstruct the temporal patterns of body size in each order on each continent independently, and find significant increases of minimum size in three of the continental assemblages (except European perissodactyls), suggesting an active selection for larger bodies. Assessment of trait-correlated birth-death models indicates that the common trend of body size increase is generated by different processes in different clades and regions. Larger-bodied artiodactyl species on both continents tend to have higher origination rates, and both clades in North America show strong links between large bodies and low extinction rate. Collectively, our results suggest a strong role of species selection and perhaps of higher-taxon sorting in driving body size evolution, and highlight the value of investigating evolutionary processes in a biogeographic context.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Monemar, Bo, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dominant shallow acceptor related to oxygen and hydrogen in GaN
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 376-377, s. 440-443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new photoluminescence (PL) data of deliberately O-doped and Mg-doped GaN layers grown by MOCVD. The combination of these data with positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and SIMS results obtained on the same samples shows a clear correlation of the PL intensity of the acceptor related emissions at 3.466 and 3.27 eV (at 2 K) with O doping. The acceptor is stable upon annealing in N-2 in our highly resistive samples, while it is known be unstable in p-GaN. Our tentative conclusion is that this very commonly occurring acceptor is either a V-Ga-O-H complex or a second configuration of the Mg acceptor containing H.
|
|
| 16. |
- Naukkarinen, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Characterising metabolically healthy obesity in weight-discordant monozygotic twins
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:1, s. 167-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Not all obese individuals display the metabolic disturbances commonly associated with excess fat accumulation. Mechanisms maintaining this ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ (MHO) are as yet unknown. We aimed to study different fat depots and transcriptional pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as related to the MHO phenomenon.Methods: Sixteen rare young adult obesity-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (intra-pair difference (∆) in BMI ≥3 kg/m2), aged 22.8–35.8 years, were examined for detailed characteristics of metabolic health (subcutaneous, intra-abdominal and liver fat [magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy]), OGTT, lipids, adipokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 chips were used to analyse transcriptomics pathways related to mitochondrial function and inflammation in SAT.Results: Based on liver fat accumulation, two metabolically different subgroups emerged. In half (8/16) of the pairs (∆weight 17.1 ± 2.0 kg), the obese co-twin had significantly higher liver fat (∆718%), 78% increase in AUC insulin during OGTT and CRP, significantly more disturbance in the lipid profile and greater tendency for hypertension compared with the lean co-twin. In these obese co-twins, SAT expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, fatty acid oxidation and adipocyte differentiation pathways were downregulated and chronic inflammation upregulated. In the other eight pairs (∆weight 17.4 ± 2.8 kg), the obese co-twin did not differ from the non-obese co-twin in liver fat (∆8%), insulin sensitivity, CRP, lipids, blood pressure or SAT transcriptomics.Conclusions/interpretation: Our results suggest that maintenance of high mitochondrial transcription and lack of inflammation in SAT are associated with low liver fat and MHO.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Žliobaitė, Indrė, et al.
(författare)
-
The NOW Database of Fossil Mammals
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems: 25 years of the NOW database of fossil mammals. - : Springer. ; , s. 33-42
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NOW (New and Old Worlds) is a global database of fossil mammal occurrences, currently containing around 68,000 locality-species entries. The database spans the last 66 million years, with its primary focus on the last 23 million years. Whereas the database contains records from all continents, the main focus and coverage of the database historically has been on Eurasia. The database includes primarily, but not exclusively, terrestrial mammals. It covers a large part of the currently known mammalian fossil record, focusing on classical and actively researched fossil localities. The database is managed in collaboration with an international advisory board of experts. Rather than a static archive, it emphasizes the continuous integration of new knowledge of the community, data curation, and consistency of scientific interpretations. The database records species occurrences at localities worldwide, as well as ecological characteristics of fossil species, geological contexts of localities and more. The NOW database is primarily used for two purposes: (1) queries about occurrences of particular taxa, their characteristics and properties of localities in the spirit of an encyclopedia; and (2) large scale research and quantitative analyses of evolutionary processes, patterns, reconstructing past environments, as well as interpreting evolutionary contexts. The data are fully open, no logging in or community membership is necessary for using the data for any purpose.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Dalhus, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural basis for thermophilic protein stability : structures of thermophilic and mesophilic malate dehydrogenases.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: J Mol Biol. - 0022-2836. ; 318:3, s. 707-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three-dimensional structure of four malate dehydrogenases (MDH) from thermophilic and mesophilic phototropic bacteria have been determined by X-ray crystallography and the corresponding structures compared. In contrast to the dimeric quaternary structure of most MDHs, these MDHs are tetramers and are structurally related to tetrameric malate dehydrogenases from Archaea and to lactate dehydrogenases. The tetramers are dimers of dimers, where the structures of each subunit and the dimers are similar to the dimeric malate dehydrogenases. The difference in optimal growth temperature of the corresponding organisms is relatively small, ranging from 32 to 55 degrees C. Nevertheless, on the basis of the four crystal structures, a number of factors that are likely to contribute to the relative thermostability in the present series have been identified. It appears from the results obtained, that the difference in thermostability between MDH from the mesophilic Chlorobium vibrioforme on one hand and from the moderate thermophile Chlorobium tepidum on the other hand is mainly due to the presence of polar residues that form additional hydrogen bonds within each subunit. Furthermore, for the even more thermostable Chloroflexus aurantiacus MDH, the use of charged residues to form additional ionic interactions across the dimer-dimer interface is favored. This enzyme has a favorable intercalation of His-Trp as well as additional aromatic contacts at the monomer-monomer interface in each dimer. A structural alignment of tetrameric and dimeric prokaryotic MDHs reveal that structural elements that differ among dimeric and tetrameric MDHs are located in a few loop regions. (c) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
|
|
| 29. |
- Giuliani, G., et al.
(författare)
-
Round-Robin Measurements of Linewidth Enhancement Factor of Semiconductor Lasers in COST 288 Action
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007 and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEOE-IQEC 2007. European Conference on. - 1424409306 - 9781424409303 ; , s. 4385967-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Round-robin measurements on the linewidth enhancement factor are carried out in many laboratories participating to EU COST 288 Action. Up to 7 different techniques are applied to DFB, VCSELs, QCL, and QD lasers, and results are compared.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Hankaniemi, MM, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural Insight into CVB3-VLP Non-Adjuvanted Vaccine
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coxsackievirus B (CVB) enteroviruses are common pathogens that can cause acute and chronic myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, aseptic meningitis, and they are hypothesized to be a causal factor in type 1 diabetes. The licensed enterovirus vaccines and those currently in clinical development are traditional inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Even though these vaccines work well in the prevention of enterovirus diseases, new vaccine technologies, like virus-like particles (VLPs), can offer important advantages in the manufacturing and epitope engineering. We have previously produced VLPs for CVB3 and CVB1 in insect cells. Here, we describe the production of CVB3-VLPs with enhanced production yield and purity using an improved purification method consisting of tangential flow filtration and ion exchange chromatography, which is compatible with industrial scale production. We also resolved the CVB3-VLP structure by Cryo-Electron Microscopy imaging and single particle reconstruction. The VLP diameter is 30.9 nm on average, and it is similar to Coxsackievirus A VLPs and the expanded enterovirus cell-entry intermediate (the 135s particle), which is ~2 nm larger than the mature virion. High neutralizing and total IgG antibody levels, the latter being a predominantly Th2 type (IgG1) phenotype, were detected in C57BL/6J mice immunized with non-adjuvanted CVB3-VLP vaccine. The structural and immunogenic data presented here indicate the potential of this improved methodology to produce highly immunogenic enterovirus VLP-vaccines in the future.
|
|
| 33. |
- Heinosalo, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Overexpression of Human Estrogen Biosynthetic Enzyme Hydroxysteroid (17beta) Dehydrogenase Type 1 Induces Adenomyosis-like Phenotype in Transgenic Mice
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) is an enzyme that converts estrone to estradiol, while adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with poorly understood pathophysiology. In the present study, we show that mice universally over-expressing human estrogen biosynthetic enzyme HSD17B1 (HSD17B1TG mice) present with adenomyosis phenotype, characterized by histological and molecular evaluation. The first adenomyotic changes with endometrial glands partially or fully infiltrated into the myometrium appeared at the age of 5.5 months in HSD17B1TG females and became more prominent with increasing age. Preceding the phenotype, increased myometrial smooth muscle actin positivity and increased amount of glandular myofibroblast cells were observed in HSD17B1TG uteri. This was accompanied by transcriptomic upregulation of inflammatory and estrogen signaling pathways. Further, the genes upregulated in the HSD17B1TG uterus were enriched with genes previously observed to be induced in the human adenomyotic uterus, including several genes of the NFKB pathway. A 6-week-long HSD17B1 inhibitor treatment reduced the occurrence of the adenomyotic changes by 5-fold, whereas no effect was observed in the vehicle-treated HSD17B1TG mice, suggesting that estrogen is the main upstream regulator of adenomyosis-induced uterine signaling pathways. HSD17B1 is considered as a promising drug target to inhibit estrogen-dependent growth of endometrial disorders. The present data indicate that HSD17B1 over-expression in TG mice results in adenomyotic changes reversed by HSD17B1 inhibitor treatment and HSD17B1 is, thus, a potential novel drug target for adenomyosis.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Janson, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
-
Vacancy-related defect distributions in B-11-, N-14-, and Al-27-implanted 4H-SiC : Role of channeling
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:1, s. 57-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The defect distributions in B-11-, N-14-, and Al-27-implanted epitaxial 4H-SiC are studied using monoenergetic positron beams. At least three types of defects are needed to account for the Doppler broadening annihilation spectra and two of the defects are tentatively identified as V-Si, and VSiVC. By comparing the defect profiles extracted from the annihilation spectra to the chemical profiles determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, and to the primary defect profiles obtained from binary collision approximation simulations, it is concluded that the defects found at depths considerably deeper than the projected range of the implanted ions mainly originate from deeply channeled ions.
|
|
| 36. |
- Kaasinen, E, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of constitutional TET2 haploinsufficiency on molecular and clinical phenotype in humans
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1252-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic heterozygous TET2 loss is linked to malignant degeneration via consequent aberrant DNA methylation, and possibly to cardiovascular disease via increased cytokine and chemokine expression as reported in mice. Here, we discover a germline TET2 mutation in a lymphoma family. We observe neither unusual predisposition to atherosclerosis nor abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine expression. The latter finding is confirmed in cells from three additional unrelated TET2 germline mutation carriers. The TET2 defect elevates blood DNA methylation levels, especially at active enhancers and cell-type specific regulatory regions with binding sequences of master transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis. The regions display reduced methylation relative to all open chromatin regions in four DNMT3A germline mutation carriers, potentially due to TET2-mediated oxidation. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic modulators and transcription factor activity in hematological neoplasia, but do not confirm the putative role of TET2 in atherosclerosis.
|
|
| 37. |
- Karjalainen, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of infancy-onset dietary intervention on salivary cholesterol of children : a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 90:7, s. 868-873
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated salivary cholesterol of children from 6 to 16 years of age in response to dietary intervention. One thousand sixty-two infants started in the prospective, randomized project. At 3 years of age, every fifth child was invited into the study (n=178). Of these, 148 enrolled, and 86 completed the oral sub-study at 16 years of age. The intervention aimed at restricting the child's saturated fat and cholesterol intake. Control children received no special recommendations. Every third year, paraffin-stimulated saliva samples (10.0 mL) were collected for cholesterol assays. Nutrient intakes and serum total cholesterol concentrations were regularly followed up by means of 4-day food records and blood samples. Intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) was lower in the intervention than in the control group (p<0.001). Salivary cholesterol concentration increased from 1.9 (±1.1) µmol/L at 6 years of age to 16.0 (±9.0) µmol/L at 16 years of age. The increase was smaller in the intervention than in the control group (p<0.001). The ratios of salivary to serum cholesterol concentrations tended to be higher in boys than in girls (p=0.07). Thus, dietary intervention was reflected in children's salivary cholesterol values more sensitively than in serum cholesterol values. (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00223600).
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Laukkanen, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Electronic and structural properties of GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) surfaces studied by core-level photoemission and scanning tunneling microscopy
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 72:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic and structural properties of GaAs(100)(2x4), InAs(100)(2x4), and Sb/InAs(100)(2x4) reconstructed surfaces have been studied by synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Based on the difference spectrum of As 3d core-level spectra of III-As(100)(2x4), measured in different surface-sensitivity conditions, as well as the line shape of the As 3d emission from the Sb-induced (2x4) surface, we give evidence that the As 3d spectra of GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) consist of two surface-core-level-shifted components. One of them is shifted about 0.2 eV to the lower kinetic energy from the bulk component. On the basis of the relative component intensities, this surface-shifted As 3d component is assigned to the emission from the first-layer As dimers in the established model of the (2x4) surface. The other component, shifted about 0.3 eV to the higher kinetic energy, is connected to the third-layer As-dimer site. The comparison of the core-level results between GaAs(100)(2x4) and InAs(100)(2x4) suggests that the alpha 2 phase, which has one As dimer in both the first and third atomic layers per unit cell, exists on GaAs(100)(2x4), similarly to the case of InAs(100)(2x4), as predicted in theory but not observed to date. Furthermore, the STM observation of the GaAs(100)(2x4)alpha 2 phase is reported.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Linko, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Corticosteroid therapy in intensive care unit patients with PCR-confirmed influenza A(H1N1) infection in Finland
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:8, s. 971-979
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the incidence, treatment, and outcome of influenza A(H1N1) in Finnish intensive care units (ICUs) with special reference to corticosteroid treatment.METHODS:During the H1N1 outbreak in Finland between 11 October and 31 December 2009, we prospectively evaluated all consecutive ICU patients with high suspicion of or confirmed pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection. We assessed severity of acute disease and daily organ dysfunction. Ventilatory support and other concomitant treatments were evaluated and recorded daily throughout the ICU stay. The primary outcome was hospital mortality.RESULTS:During the 3-month period altogether 132 ICU patients were tested polymerase chain reaction-positive for influenza A(H1N1). Of these patients, 78% needed non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support. The median (interquartile) length of ICU stay was 4 [2-12] days. Hospital mortality was 10 of 132 [8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3-12%]. Corticosteroids were administered to 72 (55%) patients, but rescue therapies except prone positioning were infrequently used. Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in patients with and without corticosteroid treatment were 31 [24-36] and 6 [2-8] vs. 22 [5-30] and 3 [2-6], respectively. The crude hospital mortality was not different in patients with corticosteroid treatment compared to those without: 8 of 72 (11%, 95% CI 4-19%) vs. 2 of 60 (3%, 95% CI 0-8%) (P = 0.11).CONCLUSIONS:The majority of H1N1 patients in ICUs received ventilatory support. Corticosteroids were administered to more than half of the patients. Despite being more severely ill, patients given corticosteroids had comparable hospital outcome with patients not given corticosteroids.
|
|
| 46. |
- Lofgren, L., et al.
(författare)
-
The BUME method: a novel automated chloroform-free 96-well total lipid extraction method for blood plasma
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lipid Research. - 0022-2275. ; 53:8, s. 1690-1700
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipid extraction from biological samples is a critical and often tedious preanalytical step in lipid research. Primarily on the basis of automation criteria, we have developed the BUME method, a novel chloroform-free total lipid extraction method for blood plasma compatible with standard 96-well robots. In only 60 min, 96 samples can be automatically extracted with lipid profiles of commonly analyzed lipid classes almost identically and with absolute recoveries similar or better to what is obtained using the chloroform-based reference method. Lipid recoveries were linear from 10-100 mu l plasma for all investigated lipids using the developed extraction protocol. The BUME protocol includes an initial one-phase extraction of plasma into 300 mu l butanol: methanol (BUME) mixture (3: 1) followed by two-phase extraction into 300 mu l heptane: ethyl acetate (3: 1) using 300 mu l 1% acetic acid as buffer. The lipids investigated included the most abundant plasma lipid classes (e. g., cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin) as well as less abundant but biologically important lipid classes, including ceramide, diacylglycerol, and lyso-phospholipids. This novel method has been successfully implemented in our laboratory and is now used daily. We conclude that the fully automated, high-throughput BUME method can replace chloroform-based methods, saving both human and environmental resources. Lofgren, L., M. Stahlman, G-B. Forsberg, S. Saarinen, R. Nilsson, and G. I. Hansson. The BUME method: a novel automated chloroform-free 96-well total lipid extraction method for blood plasma. J. Lipid Res. 2012. 53: 1690-1700.
|
|
| 47. |
- Monemar, Bo, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
-
Oxygen related shallow acceptor in GaN
- 2005
-
Ingår i: MRS Fall Meeting,2004. - : Materials Research Society. ; , s. E5.10.11-E5.10.11
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Paskova, Tanja, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of mass-transport grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 273:1-2, s. 118-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive study of the morphological, optical and microstructural properties of mass-transport (MT) and conventionally grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy is presented. Spatially resolved techniques have been utilized to reveal in a comparative way, the characteristics of the material grown either in predominant vertical or lateral growth modes. A strong donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission is observed from the MT regions with a distinctive intensity contrast between the exciton and DAP emission bands from MT and nontransport regions. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and imaging were employed to investigate the impurity incorporation into different regions. An increase of residual oxygen and aluminium impurity concentrations was found in the MT areas. In addition, positron annihilation spectroscopy showed a strong signal of Ga vacancy clusters in the MT grown material. The increase of the point defect concentrations of both Ga vacancy and oxygen impurity, most likely forming defect complexes, is related to the enhancement of the DAP emission.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
