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- Manhica, Hélio, 1981-
(författare)
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Mental health, substance misuse and labour market participation in teenage refugees in Sweden – A longitudinal perspective
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To fill the knowledge gap about the importance of contextual factors after resettlement on mental health, substance misuse and labour market participation among young refugees who immigrate to Sweden as teenagers. Methods: Register studies in national registers of national cohorts of young refugees, unaccompanied and accompanied, who settled in Sweden as teenagers. Studies 1-4 used Cox regression models to study the risks of psychiatric care consumption and substance misuse, while Study 5 used multinomial regression to study position on the labour. These findings were compared with peers from the same birth cohorts in the general Swedish population and non-European intercountry adoptees (Studies 2 and 5). Results: The overall results suggest that young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees were more likely to be admitted to psychiatric inpatient and compulsory hospital care, but not outpatient care, with refugees born in the Horn of Africa and Iran having the highest risk (Study 1). Young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees also had higher risk of hospitalization and criminal conviction associated with substance misuse (Study 3). Longer duration of residence in Sweden was associated with increased risks of outpatient care (Study 1) and hospitalization related to substance misuse (studies 3 and 4). These increase risks of young refugees were associated with their socioeconomic living conditions (Studies 3 and 4), but risk factors associated with the country of origin of the refugee population and the intercountry adoptees were more important determinants of schizophrenia than socioeconomic conditions in Sweden (Study 2). Young accompanied and unaccompanied refugees and intercountry adoptees had a lower likelihood of being in full employment than native Swedes with comparable levels of education. Secondary education, however, increased employment chances and reduced the risk of being neither employed nor in education or training (Study 5). Conclusion: Evidence suggests that several groups of young refugees are at higher risk of mental health problems and substance misuse. They also face employment disadvantages and barriers to psychiatric care in the early stages of developing a psychiatric disorder.
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| 2. |
- Nahlen Bose, Catarina
(författare)
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Coping and emotional well-being in patients with chronic heart failure
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a serious illness, with a profound impact on the patient. Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as anxiety and depression are prevalent in CHF and predict mortality and rehospitalization, yet, psychosocial factors are infrequently treated and cared for.Aim: To gather scientific evidence on illness perception and coping strategies to predict emotional well-being in patients with CHF and to establish a measurement model of coping strategies. Furthermore, to evaluate a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention, Coping Effectiveness Training (CET) adapted for patients with CHF.Methods: Studies I-III were cross sectional. Study IV was a randomized controlled trial aimed to improve emotional well-being (one-year follow-up). All studies used patient reported outcome measures and clinical data via medical journals.Results: Younger age and male gender were associated with higher levels of alcohol usage and/or drugs to cope, p < 0.01. Poor sense of coherence was associated with maladaptive coping (I). A four factorial model of Brief COPE displayed the best psychometric properties (II). Avoidant coping influenced negative affect (NA) (I), worse HRQoL (II) and greater anxiety and depression (III). CET (IV) improved personal control in the intervention group (IG) compared to the control group (CG), p = 0.036. Improved scores for the IG were detected in emotional well-being and HRQoL, p = ns. The IG demonstrated reduced NA, p = 0.022, excluding cases with clinical anxiety and depression. Time to cardiovascular readmission or death was non-significantly lower in the IG vs the CG (Hazard ratio 0.58 [0.29-1.18]) adjusted p = 0.135.Conclusions: Personal resources seemed to influence the coping strategies used by patients with CHF. Avoidant coping had an adverse influence on emotional wellbeing and illness perception in CHF. The perceived sense of control and illness burden were of importance for emotional well-being. A CET intervention for patients with CHF increased sense of control over the illness. CET also reduced NA in patients with no or mild symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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| 3. |
- Nordhall, Ola
(författare)
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Feeling and Thinking at Work : Personal and Collective Work-Identity Predictions and Formations
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to investigate emotional and cognitive personal and collective work-identity in predicting employees’ work-related motivation, organizational justice perceptions, general mental health and exhaustion; as well as if psychosocial working conditions might explain some of these relationships. Emotion and cognition in formation of personal and collective work-identity were also investigated. The sample consisted of 768 teachers responding to a questionnaire (Study I-IV) during spring 2016. The results showed that personal work-identity positively predicted self-determined work motivation, accounted for by the emotion component, and collective work-identity positively predicted organizational pay justice, accounted for by the cognition component (Study I). Emotional personal and cognitive collective work-identity positively predicted general mental health and negatively predicted exhaustion. Reversed relationships were found for cognitive personal and emotional collective work-identity (Study II). Teachers’ psychological job demands and resources mediated the relations between emotional and cognitive personal and collective work-identity, respectively, and exhaustion and self-determined work motivation, respectively (Study III). Emotional processes positively predicted cognitive processes, and the emotional profile showed effects on cognitive processes regarding personal work-identity formation, while cognitive processes positively predicted emotional processes, and the cognitive profile showed effects on emotional processes regarding collective work-identity formation (Study IV). In conclusion, emotional and cognitive personal and collective work-identity play significant but different roles in predicting work-related motivation, organizational pay justice as well as general mental health and exhaustion. Also, teachers’ psychosocial working conditions may contribute to explaining some of these associations. Finally, emotion and cognition may play different roles in the formation of personal and collective work-identity.
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