| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Murray, Christopher J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 3. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 4. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 5. |
- Babaheidarian, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
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A New Secret Key Agreement Scheme in a Four-Terminal Network
- 2011
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Ingår i: 12th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory, CWIT 2011. - : IEEE. - 9781457707438 ; , s. 151-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new scenario for simultaneously generating a secret key and two private keys among three Terminals in the presence of an external eavesdropper is considered. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 intend to share a common secret key concealed from the external eavesdropper (Terminal 4) and simultaneously, each of Terminals 1 and 2 intends to share a private key with Terminal 3 while keeping it concealed from each other and from Terminal 4. All four Terminals observe i.i.d. outputs of correlated sources and there is a public channel from Terminal 3 to Terminals 1 and 2. An inner bound of the secret key-private keys capacity region is derived and the single letter capacity regions are obtained for some special cases.
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| 6. |
- Babaheidarian, Parisa, et al.
(författare)
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Simultanously Generating Multiple keys in a Four-Terminal Network
- 2012
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Ingår i: IET Information Security. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8709 .- 1751-8717. ; 6:3, s. 190-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A source model including four terminals is considered, where three simultaneously generating three types of keys are intended. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 wish to share a common key, the secret key, which should be kept secret from terminal 4 and simultaneously terminals 1 and 2 intend to share a private key with terminal 3, which should be kept secret from each other. Also, all the keys should be concealed from terminal 4 (the external wiretapper). The authors assume that all terminals including the external wiretapper have access to distinct correlated i.i.d. sources; there is also a noiseless public channel with unlimited capacity among the terminals. The authors have investigated the model on two scenarios of key sharing depending on the direction of the public channel. Rate regions of the keys are derived. It is shown that in some special cases the inner and outer bounds of the capacity regions coincide and the capacity regions are derived.
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| 7. |
- Bafghi, Hamid G., et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Interference Channel with Two Confidential Messages
- 2010
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Ingår i: ISITA/ISSSTA 2010 - 2010 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications. - : IEEE. - 9781424460175 ; , s. 952-956
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we consider a cognitive interference channel with two confidential messages. In our scenario, although the cognitive transmitter cooperates with the primary sender, the primary and cognitive messages must be secure at unintended receivers. The level of secrecy is measured by the equivocation rate. Also an expression is obtained for the rate-equivocation region of the discrete memoryless cognitive interference channel with confidential primary and secondary messages.
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| 8. |
- Bafghi, Hamid G., et al.
(författare)
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Secrecy Rate Region in the Interference Channel with Common Information
- 2010
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Ingår i: WITMSE 2010, proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper interference channel with common information and two confidential messages is investigated. There are two senders that need deliver their privative messages and a certain common message.The private messages must be confidential in their corresponding receivers. An achievable rate region and an outer bound for such a channel are obtained and it is shown that these rate regions include some existing results for some related channels.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bandaru, Sashidar, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting filamin A reduces macrophage activity and atherosclerosis. : Filamin A in atherogenesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 140:1, s. 67-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The actin-binding protein FLNA (filamin A) regulates signal transduction important for cell locomotion, but the role of macrophage-specific FLNA during atherogenesis has not been explored.We analyzed FLNA expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques by immunofluorescence. We also produced mice with Flna-deficient macrophages by breeding conditional Flna-knockout mice ( Flna o/fl) with mice expressing Cre from the macrophage-specific lysosome M promoter ( LC). Atherosclerosis in vivo was studied by transplanting bone marrow from male Flna o/fl/ LC mice to atherogenic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient ( Ldlr-/-) mice; and by infecting Flna o/fl and Flna o/fl/ LC mice with AdPCSK9 (adenoviral vector overexpressing proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9). Furthermore, C57BL/6 mice were infected with AdPCSK9 and then treated with the calpain inhibitor calpeptin to inhibit FLNA cleavage.We found that macrophage FLNA expression was higher in advanced than in intermediate human atherosclerotic plaques. Flna o/fl/ LC macrophages proliferated and migrated less than controls; expressed lower levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2; exhibited reduced foam cell formation and lipid uptake; and excreted more lipids. The deficiency of Flna in macrophages markedly reduced the size of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in both Ldlr-/-BMT: Flnao/fl/LC and AdPCSK9-infected Flna o/fl/ LC mice. Intima/media ratios and numbers of CD68-positive macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques were lower in Flna-deficient mice than in control mice. Moreover, we found that STAT3 interacts with a calpain-cleaved carboxyl-terminal fragment of FLNA. Inhibiting calpain-mediated FLNA cleavage with calpeptin in macrophages reduced nuclear levels of phosphorylated STAT3, interleukin 6 secretion, foam cell formation, and lipid uptake. Finally, calpeptin treatment reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in C57BL/6 mice infected with AdPCSK9.Genetic inactivation of Flna and chemical inhibition of calpain-dependent cleavage of FLNA impaired macrophage signaling and function, and reduced atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that drugs targeting FLNA may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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| 11. |
- Nichols, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:1, s. 88-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The number of individuals living with dementia is increasing, negatively affecting families, communities, and health-care systems around the world. A successful response to these challenges requires an accurate understanding of the dementia disease burden. We aimed to present the first detailed analysis of the global prevalence, mortality, and overall burden of dementia as captured by the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016, and highlight the most important messages for clinicians and neurologists.Methods: GBD 2016 obtained data on dementia from vital registration systems, published scientific literature and surveys, and data from health-service encounters on deaths, excess mortality, prevalence, and incidence from 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016, through systematic review and additional data-seeking efforts. To correct for differences in cause of death coding across time and locations, we modelled mortality due to dementia using prevalence data and estimates of excess mortality derived from countries that were most likely to code deaths to dementia relative to prevalence. Data were analysed by standardised methods to estimate deaths, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; computed as the sum of YLLs and YLDs), and the fractions of these metrics that were attributable to four risk factors that met GBD criteria for assessment (high body-mass index [BMI], high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and a diet high in sugarsweetened beverages).Findings: In 2016, the global number of individuals who lived with dementia was 43.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3 7. 8-51.0), increased from 20.2 million (17. 4-23 5) in 1990. This increase of 117% (95% UI 114-121) contrasted with a minor increase in age-standardised prevalence of 1.7% (1.0-2.4), from 701 cases (95% UI 602-815) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 712 cases (614-828) per 100 000 population in 2016. More women than men had dementia in 2016 (27.0 million, 95% UI 23 .3-31. 4, vs 16.8 million, 14.4-19.6), and dementia was the fifth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 2.4 million (95% UI 2.1-2.8) deaths. Overall, 28.8 million (95% UI 24. 5-34. 0) DALYs were attributed to dementia; 6.4 million (95% UI 3 .4-10. 5) of these could be attributed to the modifiable GBD risk factors of high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, smoking, and a high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.Interpretation: The global number of people living with dementia more than doubled from 1990 to 2016, mainly due to increases in population ageing and growth. Although differences in coding for causes of death and the heterogeneity in case-ascertainment methods constitute major challenges to the estimation of the burden of dementia, future analyses should improve on the methods for the correction of these biases. Until breakthroughs are made in prevention or curative treatment, dementia will constitute an increasing challenge to health-care systems worldwide.
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| 12. |
- Salimi, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Blocking the cleavage of filamin A by calpain inhibitor decreases tumor cell growth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 38:4, s. 2079-2085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Filamin A (FLNA) is the most abundant and widely expressed isoform of filamin in human tissues. It is cleaved by calpain at the hinge 1 and 2 domains, producing a 90-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment (FLNACT). Recently, it has been shown that FLNACTmediates cell signaling and transports transcription factors into the cell nucleus. However, the significance of cleavage of FLNA by calpain has not been studied in cancer cell growth. Calpeptin is a chemical inhibitor of both calpain 1 and 2 that cleaves FLNA. In this study, we questioned if inhibiting calpain using calpeptin would decrease tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation.Human melanoma (A7), prostate cancer (PC3), mouse fibrosarcoma (T241) and endothelial (MS1) cells were assayed for proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation after treatment with calpeptin. Cell lysates were immunoblotted for FLNA and FLNACTResults: Calpeptin treatment of these cells resulted in a decreased production of FLNACTCalpeptin-treated human and mouse tumor cells displayed impaired proliferation, migration, and colony formation.These data suggest that the cleavage of FLNA by calpain is an important cellular event in the regulation of tumor cell growth.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Generalized Secure Distributed Source Coding with Side Information
- 2010
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Ingår i: IET Communications. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8628 .- 1751-8636. ; 4:18, s. 2262-2272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New inner and outer bounds on the achievable compression-equivocation rate region for generalised secure data compression with side information are given that do not match in general. In this setup, two senders, Alice and Charlie intend to transmit information to Bob via channels with limited capacity so that he can reliably reconstruct their observations. The eavesdropper, Eve, has access to one of the channels at each instant and is interested in the source of the same channel at the time. Bob and Eve also have their own observations, which are correlated with Alice's and Charlie's observations. In this model, two equivocation and compression rates are defined with respect to the sources of Alice and Charlie. Furthermore, different special cases are discussed where the inner and outer bounds match. Our model covers the previously obtained results as well.
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| 15. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Key agreement over a generalized multiple access channel using noiseless and noisy feedback
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 31:9, s. 1765-1778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A secret key agreement framework involving three users is considered in which each of the users 1 and 2 intends to share a secret key with user 3 and users 1 and 2 are eavesdroppers with respect to each other. There is a generalized discrete memoryless multiple access channel (GDMMAC) from users 1 and 2 to user 3 where the three users receive outputs from the channel. Furthermore, there is a feedback channel from user 3 to users 1 and 2 through which user 3 sends information extracted from the received output from the GDMMAC to increase the key rates. We consider both noiseless and noisy feedback. In the case of noiseless feedback, a public channel of unlimited capacity from user 3 to users 1 and 2 is used only once. In the case of noisy feedback, a noisy broadcast channel (BC) from user 3 to users 1 and 2 can be repeatedly used, like GDMMAC. In both setups, inner bounds of the secret key capacity region are derived. The secret key capacity region is derived in some special cases where the channel inputs and outputs form Markov chains in certain orders. For illustration, the corresponding results are also derived and discussed for Gaussian channels. The cases with noiseless feedback, noisy feedback, and no feedback at all are compared with each other.
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| 16. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Key Agreement over Multiple Access Channel
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. - 1556-6013 .- 1556-6021. ; 6:3, s. 775-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a generalized multiple access channel (MAC) model for secret key sharing between three terminals is considered. In this model, there are two transmitters and a receiver where all three terminals receive noisy channel outputs. In addition, there is a one-way public channel from the transmitters to the receiver. Each of the transmitters intends to share a secret key with the receiver by using the MAC and the public channel, where the transmitters are eavesdroppers with respect to each other. Two strategies for secret key sharing are considered, namely, the pre-generated key strategy and the two-stage key strategy. For both of them, inner and outer bounds of the secret key capacity region are derived. Furthermore, the effect of the public channel is discussed and the two strategies are compared. In both strategies, it is assumed that the channel outputs at the transmitters are only used for eavesdropping and not as inputs to the encoders. The effect of this assumption in the presence of the public channel is analyzed for some Gaussian MACs.
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| 17. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Key Agreement over Multiple Access Channel Using Feedback Channel
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the effect of using an insecure and noiseless feedback channel in increasing secret key rates is investigated. There is a generalized discrete memoryless multiple access channel (GDMMAC) between two transmitters and a receiver where, in addition to the receiver, both of the transmitters receive noisy channel outputs. Furthermore, an insecure and noiseless feedback channel exists from the receiver to the transmitters. Each of the transmitters intends to share a secret key with the receiver while keeping it concealed from the other transmitter. For this setup, an inner bound of the secret key capacity region is derived. For some special cases, the secret key capacity region is obtained, and the effect of the feedback channel usage is discussed through a binary-erasure example as well as in the Gaussian case.
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| 18. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Pairwise secret key agreement using the source common randomness
- 2012
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Ingår i: Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 2012 International Symposium on. - : IEEE. - 9781467307604 ; , s. 751-755
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A secret key agreement setup between three users is considered in which each pair of them wishes to agree on a secret key hidden from the remaining user. The three users observe i.i.d. outputs of correlated sources and there is a noiseless public channel from each user for communication to the others. In this setup, inner and outer bounds of the secret key capacity region is derived. Moreover, some special cases are obtained in which the inner bound coincides the explicit outer bound. Also a binary-erasure example is presented through which the results are examined.
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| 19. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Rate Regions of Secret Key Sharing in a New Source Model
- 2011
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Ingår i: IET Communications. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8628 .- 1751-8636. ; 5:4, s. 443-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A source model for secret key generation between terminals is considered. Two users, namely users 1 and 2, at one side communicate with another user, namely user 3, while at the other side via a public channel where three users can observe i.i.d. outputs of correlated sources. Each of users 1 and 2 intends to share a secret key with user 3 where user 1 acts as a wiretapper for user 2 and vice versa. In this model, two situations are considered: communication from users 1 and 2 to user 3 (the forward key strategy) and from user 3 to users 1 and 2 (the backward key strategy). In both situations, the goal is sharing a secret key between user 1 and user 3 while leaking no effective information about that key to user 2, and simultaneously, sharing another secret key between user 2 and user 3 while leaking no effective information about the latter key to user 1. This model is motivated by wireless communications when considering user 3 as a base station and users 1 and 2 as network users. For both the forward and backward key strategies, inner and outer bounds of secret key capacity regions are derived. In special situations where one of users 1 and 2 is only interested in wiretapping and not key sharing, the results agree with that of Ahlswede and Csiszar. Also, the authors investigate some special cases in which the inner bound coincides with the outer bound and secret key capacity region is deduced.
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| 20. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Secret Key Rate Region of Multiple Access Channel Model
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A channel model for secret key generation between three terminals is considered. In this model, there is a two-user generalized multiple access channel (MAC) in which, in addition to the receiver, both transmitters receive noisy channel outputs. There is also a one-way public channel from the transmitters to the receiver. In this model, each of the transmitters intends to share a secret key with the receiver using the MAC and the public channel where the transmitters are eavesdroppers with respect to each other. In this setup, the channel outputs at the transmitters are only used for eavesdropping and not as inputs to the encoders. For the secret key rate pair, we derive the inner bound of the secret key capacity region. Thorough an example, it is shown that unlike the broadcast channel model, using a one-way public channel from the transmitters to the receiver is beneficial.
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| 21. |
- Salimi, Somayeh, et al.
(författare)
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Secret key sharing in a new source model : Rate regions
- 2010
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Ingår i: 2010 Australian Communications Theory Workshop, AusCTW 2010. - : IEEE. - 9781424454334 ; , s. 117-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A source model for secret key generation between terminals is considered. Two users, namely users 1 and 2, at one side communicate with another user, namely user 3, at the other side via public channels where three users can observe i.i.d outputs of correlated sources. Each of users 1 and 2 intends to share a secret key with user 3 where user 1 acts as a wiretapper for user 2 and vice versa. In this model, two situations are considered: communication from users 1 and 2 to user 3 (forward key strategy) and from user 3 to users 1 and 2 (backward key strategy). This model is motivated by wireless communications when considering user 3 as a base station and users 1 and 2 as network users. In this paper, for both forward and backward key strategies, inner and outer bounds of secret key capacity regions are derived. In special attitudes where one of users 1 and 2 are only interested in wiretapping and not key sharing, our results agree with that of Ahlswede and Csiszar. Also, we investigate some special cases in which inner bound coincides on outer bound and secret key capacity region is deduced.
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| 22. |
- Zand, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel-Vanadium Layered Double Hydroxide under Water-Oxidation Reaction : New Findings and Challenges
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 7:20, s. 17252-17262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide has recently been considered as a highly active, low-cost electrocatalyst and as a benchmark non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst for water oxidation. The material showed a current density of 27 mA/cm(2) at an overpotential of 350 mV, which is comparable to the best-performing nickel-iron-layered double hydroxides for water oxidation in alkaline media. The enhanced conductivity and facile electron transfer were suggested among important factors for the high activity of nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide. In the present study, the stability of an Ni-V catalyst was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and electrochemical characterization methods. These methods show that the initial Ni-V catalyst during water oxidation in alkaline conditions is converted from an initial alpha-Ni(OH)(2) phase to a partially oxidized alpha-Ni(OH)(2/)NiOOH phase and VO(4)(3-)ions. We carefully evaluate the stability of the catalysts and analyze the compositional changes during prolonged water-oxidation conditions using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The experiments using both Fe-free electrolyte and Fe-free nickel-vanadium layered double hydroxide reveal that vanadium do not affect the water-oxidizing activity of alpha-Ni(OH)(2).
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