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| 2. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Drake, TM, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 5:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.MethodsA multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsOf 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.ConclusionThe odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.
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- Al-Tammemi, Ala’a B., et al.
(författare)
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Are we seeing the unseen of human trafficking? A retrospective analysis of the CTDC k-anonymized global victim of trafficking data pool in the period 2010–2020
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:4 April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Human trafficking is considered a hidden global crime with unsubstantiated numbers. Despite the challenges in counting or measuring this crime, reports revealed the presence of around 40.3 million victims worldwide. Human trafficking results in severe detrimental impacts on both mental and physical health. Given the sensitivity and negative consequences of human trafficking on the global system and victims, and considering the scarce research in this area, our current study aimed at describing the (i) Sociodemographic profiles of anonymized victims, (ii) Means of control, and (iii) Purpose of trafficking, utilizing the largest anonymized and publicly available dataset on victims of human trafficking. Methods This is a retrospective secondary analysis of the Counter-Trafficking Data Collaborative (CTDC) data pool in the period from 2010 to 2020. The utilized dataset is called the k-anonymized global victim of trafficking dataset, and it is considered the largest global dataset on victims of human trafficking. Data from the k-anonymized data pool were extracted and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS® version 27.0 for Windows (IBM Corp. Version 27.0. Armonk, NY) for quality check and analysis using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 87003 victims of human trafficking were identified in the period from 2010 to 2020. The most age category encountered among victims was 9–17 years with 10326 victims (11.9%), followed by 30–38 years with 8562 victims (9.8%). Females comprised 70% of the sample with 60938 victims. The United States (n = 51611), Russia (n = 4570), and the Philippines (n = 1988) comprised the most countries of exploitation/trafficking. Additionally, the year 2019 witnessed the greatest number of victims registered for assistance by anti-trafficking agencies with around 21312 victims (24.5%). Concerning means of control, threats, psychological abuse, restriction of the victim’s movement, taking the victim’s earnings, and physical abuse were the most reported means. 42685 victims (49.1%) reported sexual exploitation as the purpose of their trafficking, followed by forced labor with 18176 victims (20.9%). Conclusion Various means and methods can be used by traffickers to control the victims to be trafficked for many purposes, with sexual exploitation and forced labor being the most common ones. Global anti-trafficking efforts should be brought together in solidarity through utilizing the paradigm of protection of victims, prosecution of traffickers, prevention of trafficking, and inter-sectoral partnerships. Despite being a global concern with various reports that tried to capture the number of trafficked victims worldwide, human trafficking still has many unseen aspects that impose a significant challenge and adds to the global burden in combatting this threat.
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| 16. |
- Alimoradi, Zainab, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among migrant and refugee groups : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Vaccine: X. - : Elsevier. - 2590-1362. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among migrant and refugee groups is critical for achieving vaccine equity. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among migrant and refugee populations.METHODS: A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42022333337) was conducted (December 2019-July 2022) using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar.RESULTS: Nineteen studies from 12 countries were included. The pooled estimated prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine willingness among migrant and refugee groups was 70% (19 studies, 95% CI: 62.3-77.4%, I2: 99.19%, τ2: 0.03). Female and male participants did not differ significantly with each other (p = 0.64). Although no individual variable contributed statistically significantly in multivariable meta-regression analysis, the multivariable model that considered methodological quality, mean age of participants, participant group and country of origin explained 67% of variance.DISCUSSION: Proportions of migrant/refugee groups receiving COVID-19 vaccinations approximated those observed among general populations. Additional studies are needed to examine factors relating to vaccine willingness to identify the most significant factors that may be targeted in interventions.
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| 17. |
- Barakat, Muna, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Knowledge, Perception, Experience and Phobia toward Corticosteroids Use among the General Public in the Era of COVID-19 : A Multinational Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Healthcare (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9032. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Corticosteroids play a significant role in managing the vast majority of inflammatory and immunologic conditions. To date, population-based studies on knowledge and attitudes concerning corticosteroids are scarce. This study aims to comprehensively assess knowledge, perception, experience and phobia toward corticosteroid use among the general population in the era of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data from 6 countries. Knowledge and corticophobia scores, descriptive statistics and logistic regression were computed. Results: A total of 2354 participants were enrolled in this study; the majority were females (61.6%) with an average age of 30. Around 61.9% had been infected previously with COVID-19, and about one-third of the participants had experience with corticosteroid use. The mean knowledge score was relatively satisfactory (8.7 ± 4.5 out of 14), and Corticophobia ranked a high score in all countries. Age, female gender, and history of COVID-19 were positively correlated with developing corticophobia. Conclusion: Our study highlights that the general knowledge about steroids was satisfactory. However, the phobia toward its use upon indication is high. Therefore, enhancing awareness and providing essential counseling regarding the rational use of corticosteroids may reduce corticophobia.
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| 18. |
- Barakat, Muna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of knowledge, experiences, and fear toward prescribing and dispensing corticosteroids among Egyptian healthcare professionals : A cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. - 1319-0164. ; 31:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Corticosteroids (CS) are essential drugs in the treatment of several medical conditions. Assuming different roles, physicians and pharmacists play a primary role in prescribing and dispensing these medications to optimize patients' clinical management. The data on assessing knowledge and experience of healthcare professionals toward CS is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare knowledge, experience, and fears towards CS among Egyptian physicians and pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administrated, validated online questionnaire was used to collect the data from Egyptian healthcare professionals. The questionnaire consisted of four sections with multiple choice questions: sociodemographic (7 questions), knowledge about CS (13 questions), experience with CS prescription/dispensing (5 questions), and fears and preferences toward CS prescription/dispensing (13 questions). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 600 responses were analyzed in this study. The study sample was almost two-half of healthcare providers: 303 (50.5%) pharmacists and 297 (49.5%) physicians. Pharmacists had marginally higher knowledge scores as compared to those recorded for physicians (11.29 versus 10.16, respectively; P = 0.047). Physicians had more experience choosing corticosteroids in treatment plans based on their experience (51.8% vs 38.5%) and guideline recommendations (72.8% vs 50.9%) than pharmacists. However, pharmacists had more experience dealing with corticosteroid use based on patients' preferences (19.5% vs 4.9%) and showed a broader scope of experiencing side effects of corticosteroids with their patients. The two professions demonstrated high levels of fear, with pharmacists acknowledging significantly lower concerns about CS than physicians (3.72 versus 4.0, respectively; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Discrepancies exist among healthcare professionals in knowledge and experience, favoring better scientific knowledge of pharmacists related to corticosteroids. Based on these findings, the interprofessional collaborative efforts would provide comprehensive, patient-centered care that maximizes the benefits of CS while minimizing their risks.
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| 20. |
- El-Garawani, Islam, et al.
(författare)
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The Ameliorative Role of Acacia senegal Gum against the Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Induced by the Radiographic Contrast Medium (Ioxitalamate) in Albino Rats
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antioxidants. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3921. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arabic gum (Acacia senegal, AG) is proven effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent. The present study was designed to test this notion by investigating the possible role of AG against the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate, Telebrix-35®, TBX)-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity. Albino rats were divided into four groups and supplied with either; distilled water, daily 10% (w/v) AG, an intravenous dose of TBX (1600 mg I/kg b.wt) and co-administration of TBX and AG. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess the genotoxicity employing the peripheral blood leucocytes fluorescent double staining; namely the acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and alkaline comet assay. Further, chromosomal analyses were done in bone marrow cells. Serum urea and creatinine levels, in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in kidney tissues were measured. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS-MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of AG extract. Kidney functions, single/double-stranded DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, MDA and NO levels were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in TBX-treated group compared to the control and AG-treated one. Meanwhile, CAT and GSH activities were significantly diminished and the AG supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated these effects compared with the control and AG-treated groups. Five compounds have been identified using GNPS networking including 7,3′,4′-Trihydroxyisoflavone, Noscapine, Tetrahydropapaveroline, Costunolide, Hesperidin. In conclusion, results of the present study suggest that AG exerted a protective role against TBX-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity which may be attributed to the active metabolites in the gum.
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| 25. |
- Sallam, Hatem H A
(författare)
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Pharmacological and analytical studies of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) play a key role in the regulation of cell cycle progression and RNA transcription. Deregulation of Cdks has been associated with several malignancies, neurodegenerative disorders, viral and protozoal infections, glomerulonephritis and inflammatory diseases. (R)-roscovitine (Rosco) is a synthetic tri-substituted purine that inhibits selectively Cdk1, 2, 5, 7 and 9. Rosco has shown promising cytotoxicity in cell lines and tumor xenografts. Rosco so far has only demonstrated modest antitumor activity in phase-II clinical trials, which is attributed mainly to the short elimination half-life and thus suboptimal exposure. Within the frame of the present thesis we aimed to investigate several aspects of the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of Rosco and two recently discovered analogues namely N-&-N1 and CR8. Our studies included bioanalysis, hematotoxicity, chrono-biodistribution, age dependent kinetics, PK and effect on Cdks. In vitro and in vivo studies of Rosco hematotoxicity were performed in Balb/c mice. Bone marrow cells were incubated with Rosco in semisolid methylcellulose media and assessed for their clonogenic capacity. Rosco inhibited the colony formation in cell type-, concentration- and exposure time-dependent manner. CFUGEMM were most sensitive, followed by BFU-E and the least sensitive progenitors were CFU-GM. In vivo studies showed low distribution of the drug to the bone marrow (AUCBM/AUCplasma 1.5%) and only transient inhibition of BFU-E formation was observed. These finding may explain the absence of myelosuppression in vivo. Age-dependent PK of Rosco were investigated in 14-days rat pups and adult rats. Higher plasma and brain (22- and 100- fold, respectively) exposure was found in rat pups compared to adult rats. The elimination half-life in young rats was 7 hr compared to 30 min in adult rats. Brain exposure (AUC brain/AUC plasma) was 100% in rat pups compared to 20% found in adult rats. Moreover, transient Cdk5 inhibition and Erk1/2 activation was detected in brain of rat pups. The high brain exposure may indicate Rosco as s potential candidate for the treatment of brain tumors in children. The chronopharmacokinetics of Rosco was investigated in BDF1 male mice. Rosco was administered orally at ZT3 or at ZT19. We found that exposure to roscovitine was 38% higher and elimination half-life was 100% longer when dosing at ZT3 compared to ZT19. Moreover the tissue AUC/plasma AUC was higher at ZT3 in kidney, adipose, testis and lungs. The opposite was found in liver. In vitro microsomal assays indicated higher intrinsic clearance at ZT19. From these results, dosing times of roscovitine should be carefully considered in clinical trials. Analytical method for the detection of N-&-N1 and CR8 using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) were developed and validated. The PK of both drugs was investigated in Balb/c mice. N-&-N1 showed higher potency in tumor cell death induction compared to roscovitine; however, N-&N1 showed similar PK profile as roscovitine. CR8 has 100% oral bioavailability, longer elimination half-life, rapid and extensive biodistribution. Systemic exposure higher than IC50 reported for cell death in tumor cell lines was achievable for more than 10 hr. These two analogues displayed favorable pharmacological properties, and thus are good candidates for further in vivo studies. To conclude, these studies provide important knowledge about the PK, PD and PK/PD relationship of Rosco and its analogues. These studies may add more knowledge for treatment schedules and further preclinical and clinical development of Cdk inhibitors.
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