| 1. |
- Arkema, Elizabeth V, et al.
(författare)
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What to Expect When Expecting With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) : A Population-Based Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in SLE and Pre-SLE.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis care & research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2151-464X .- 2151-4658. ; 68:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess maternal and fetal outcomes associated with subclinical (pre-systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and SLE presenting up to 5 years postpartum) and prevalent maternal SLE during pregnancy compared with the general population.METHODS: This prospective cohort study used population-based Swedish registers to identify 13,598 women with first singleton pregnancies registered in the Medical Birth Register (551 prevalent SLE, 65 pre-SLE within 0-2 years, 133 pre-SLE within 2-5 years, and 12,847 general population). SLE was defined as ≥2 SLE-coded discharge diagnoses in the patient register with ≥1 diagnosis from a specialist. Unadjusted risks of adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes were calculated by SLE status, and Cochran-Armitage tests evaluated trend across exposure groups.RESULTS: Maternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, hypothyroidism, stroke, and infection were more common among women with SLE. Sixteen percent of prevalent-SLE pregnancies were diagnosed with preeclampsia compared with 5% of those from the general population. Among the pre-SLE women, preeclampsia was found in 26% of those with SLE within 2 years postpartum and 13% in those with SLE within 2-5 years postpartum. Similarly, infant outcomes, such as preterm birth, infection, and mortality, were worse among those born to mothers with prevalent SLE and pre-SLE during pregnancy. The test for trend was significant for most outcomes.CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that adverse maternal and fetal outcomes are more common in SLE pregnancies. Furthermore, these unfavorable outcomes are observed in pregnancies occurring prior to the diagnosis of SLE. Thus, the underlying immunologic profile of SLE and alterations preceding clinical SLE may contribute to these pregnancy complications.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Ke, et al.
(författare)
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X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 68:5, s. 1290-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. More than 80% of autoimmune disease predominantly affects females, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected that an X chromosome dose effect accounts for this, and we undertook this study to test our hypothesis that trisomy X (47, XXX; occurring in similar to 1 in 1,000 live female births) would be increased in patients with female-predominant diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjogrens syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to patients with diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and compared to controls. Methods. All subjects in this study were female. We identified subjects with 47, XXX using aggregate data from single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, and, when possible, we confirmed the presence of 47, XXX using fluorescence in situ hybridization or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results. We found 47, XXX in 7 of 2,826 SLE patients and in 3 of 1,033 SS patients, but in only 2 of 7,074 controls (odds ratio in the SLE and primary SS groups 8.78 [95% confidence interval 1.67-86.79], P = 0.003 and odds ratio 10.29 [95% confidence interval 1.18-123.47], P = 0.02, respectively). One in 404 women with SLE and 1 in 344 women with SS had 47, XXX. There was an excess of 47, XXX among SLE and SS patients. Conclusion. The estimated prevalence of SLE and SS in women with 47, XXX was similar to 2.5 and similar to 2.9 times higher, respectively, than that in women with 46, XX and similar to 25 and similar to 41 times higher, respectively, than that in men with 46, XY. No statistically significant increase of 47, XXX was observed in other female-biased diseases (primary biliary cirrhosis or RA), supporting the idea of multiple pathways to sex bias in autoimmunity.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Ke, et al.
(författare)
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X Chromosome Dose and Sex Bias in Autoimmune Diseases : Increased 47,XXX in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 68:5, s. 1290-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:More than 80% of autoimmune disease is female dominant, but the mechanism for this female bias is poorly understood. We suspected an X chromosome dose effect and hypothesized that trisomy X (47,XXX, 1 in ∼1,000 live female births) would be increased in female predominant diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], primary Sjögren's syndrome [SS], primary biliary cirrhosis [PBC] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) compared to diseases without female predominance (sarcoidosis) and controls.METHODS:We identified 47,XXX subjects using aggregate data from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and confirmed, when possible, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR).RESULTS:We found 47,XXX in seven of 2,826 SLE and three of 1,033 SS female patients, but only in two of the 7,074 female controls (p=0.003, OR=8.78, 95% CI: 1.67-86.79 and p=0.02, OR=10.29, 95% CI: 1.18-123.47; respectively). One 47,XXX subject was present for ∼404 SLE women and ∼344 SS women. 47,XXX was present in excess among SLE and SS subjects.CONCLUSION:The estimated prevalence of SLE and SS in women with 47,XXX was respectively ∼2.5 and ∼2.9 times higher than in 46,XX women and ∼25 and ∼41 times higher than in 46,XY men. No statistically significant increase of 47,XXX was observed in other female-biased diseases (PBC or RA), supporting the idea of multiple pathways to sex bias in autoimmunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Simard, Julia F, et al.
(författare)
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Early-onset Preeclampsia in Lupus Pregnancy.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 31:1, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that occurs during childbearing years and has been associated with preeclampsia. However, little is known about preeclampsia of early onset, which is associated with severe adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.METHODS: Using national population-based Swedish registers we identified women with SLE (≥2 visits with corresponding ICD codes) and a sample without SLE who gave birth to singleton infants 2001-12. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for early-onset preeclampsia (defined by ICD codes corresponding to preeclampsia registered at <34 weeks) in SLE women were calculated based on adjusted modified Poisson models for first, subsequent, and all pregnancies.RESULT: Among 742 births to women with SLE and 10 484 births to non-SLE women, there were 32 (4.3%) and 55 (0.5%) diagnoses of early-onset preeclampsia respectively. SLE was associated with an increased risk of early-onset preeclampsia (RR 7.8, 95% CI 4.8, 12.9, all pregnancies). The association remained similar upon restriction to women without pregestational hypertension. Adjustment for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)-proxy attenuated the association. RRs for early-onset preeclampsia were smaller for subsequent pregnancies (RR 4.7, 95% CI 2.0, 11.2) compared to first and all (see above).CONCLUSION: Women with SLE are at increased risk of early-onset preeclampsia and this increased risk may be independent of the traditional risk factors such as pregestational hypertension, APS, BMI, or smoking. Women with SLE during pregnancy should be closely monitored for early-onset preeclampsia and future research needs to identify the non-traditional preeclampsia factors that might cause this serious outcome.
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| 6. |
- Simard, Julia F., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnant Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Future Cardiovascular Outcomes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Arthritis care & research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2151-464X .- 2151-4658. ; 73:4, s. 574-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Pregnancy morbidities, including preeclampsia and CVD, are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Possible connections are important to explore. In a population-based cohort, we investigated whether HDPs are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes separately in women with SLE and those without SLE to examine the role of SLE.Methods: We identified first singleton births in the Medical Birth Register (1987-2012) among mothers with SLE and a large general population comparison group. Discharge diagnoses for HDPs, cardiovascular outcomes, and hypertension in the National Patient Register were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association between HDPs and outcomes in separate models in women with and without SLE. We then evaluated additive and multiplicative effect modification using relative excess risk due to interaction and Cox models jointly accounting for SLE and HDPs, respectively. Mediation analysis estimated the proportion of the association between SLE and outcome explained by HDPs.Results: HDPs were more common in pregnant women with SLE (20% versus 7%). In SLE, HDPs were associated with a 2-fold higher rate of cardiovascular outcomes and a 3-fold higher rate of incident hypertension. HDPs mediated 20% of the latter association. In women without SLE, HDPs were associated with higher incidence of hypertension later in life.Conclusion: In women with SLE and those without SLE, HDPs were associated with a 3-fold higher rate of hypertension. In SLE, women with HDPs developed cardiovascular outcomes twice as often as women without HDPs.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sreih, Antoine, et al.
(författare)
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Dual effect of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene on the development and severity of human systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 63:12, s. 3942-3951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To study the effect of the innate cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on the susceptibility and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a multinational population of 1,369 Caucasian and African American patients. Methods. Two functional polymorphisms in the MIF gene, a -794 CATT5-8 microsatellite repeat (rs5844572) and a -173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622), were assessed for association with SLE in 3,195 patients and healthy controls. We also measured MIF plasma levels in relation to genotypes and clinical phenotypes, and assessed Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7)-stimulated MIF production in vitro. Results. Both Caucasians and African Americans with the high-expression MIF haplotype -794 CATT(7)/ -173* C had a lower incidence of SLE (in Caucasians, odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.53-0.89, P = 0.001; in African Americans, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.95, P = 0.012). In contrast, among patients with established SLE, reduced frequencies of low-expression MIF genotypes (-794 CATT(5)) were observed in those with nephritis, those with serositis, and those with central nervous system (CNS) involvement when compared to patients without end-organ involvement (P = 0.023, P = 0.005, and P = 0.04, respectively). Plasma MIF levels and TLR-7-stimulated MIF production in vitro reflected the underlying MIF genotype of the studied groups. Conclusion. These findings suggest that MIF, which has both proinflammatory properties and macrophage and B cell survival functions, exerts a dual influence on the immunopathogenesis of SLE. Highexpression MIF genotypes are associated with a reduced susceptibility to SLE and may contribute to an enhanced clearance of infectious pathogens. Once SLE develops, however, low-expression MIF genotypes may protect from ensuing inflammatory end-organ damage.
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