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- Friberg, Anders, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of three articulatory categories in vocal sound imitations using models for auditory receptive fields
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 144:3, s. 1467-1483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vocal sound imitations provide a new challenge for understanding the coupling between articulatory mechanisms and the resulting audio. In this study, we have modeled the classification of three articulatory categories, phonation, supraglottal myoelastic vibrations, and turbulence from audio recordings. Two data sets were assembled, consisting of different vocal imitations by four professional imitators and four non-professional speakers in two different experiments. The audio data were manually annotated by two experienced phoneticians using a detailed articulatory description scheme. A separate set of audio features was developed specifically for each category using both time-domain and spectral methods. For all time-frequency transformations, and for some secondary processing, the recently developed Auditory Receptive Fields Toolbox was used. Three different machine learning methods were applied for predicting the final articulatory categories. The result with the best generalization was found using an ensemble of multilayer perceptrons. The cross-validated classification accuracy was 96.8 % for phonation, 90.8 % for supraglottal myoelastic vibrations, and 89.0 % for turbulence using all the 84 developed features. A final feature reduction to 22 features yielded similar results.
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- Salomão, Gláucia Laís, PhD
(författare)
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Relationship between perceived vocal registers and glottal flow parameters : preliminary results
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Speech Prosody. ; , s. 49-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perception of modal and falsetto registers was analyzed in a material consisting of a total of 80 vowels sung by 10 choir singers, 40 sung in modal register and 40 in falsetto register. These vowels were classified by sixteen trained listeners in a force choice test and the number of votes for modal was compared with the voice-source parameters (1) Closed Quotient (Qclosed) and (2) level difference between the two lowest source spectrum partials (H1 - H2). Tones with a high value of Qclosed and low values of H1-H2 were typically associated with high number of votes for modal register, and vice versa, Qclosed showing the strongest correlation. Some singers produced tones that could not be classified as either falsetto or modal register, suggesting that categorical perception of registers is not always feasible.
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- Salomão, Gláucia Laís, PhD
(författare)
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Relationships between glottal flow parameters and the perception of the voice quality
- 2013
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Ingår i: 10th Pan-European Voice Conference, Prague, Czech Republic. - Prague, Czech Republic. ; , s. 342-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A better understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of the voice, such as the ones represented by glottal flowwaveform parameters, has been considered valuable to better assess voice quality. However, there is still uncertainty regarding which parameters would best reflect significant differences between perceived voice qualities. Thepurpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between glottal flow parameters and the perception of thevoice quality. Thirteen vocally healthy male choir singers, with various levels of experience, skill, and degree of singing training, were asked to sing ascending and descending chromatic scales of the vowel [a], in a comfortable pitchrange and vocal loudness. They were encouraged to sing the ascending scale in modal register, extending it as far aspossible, and the descending scale in falsetto, extending it as far as possible. Analyses of 104 glottograms of vowelswith the same pitch, extracted from the pitch range where both scales overlapped, were carried out regarding thefollowing parameters: period length (T0) and fundamental frequency (F0); duration of the closed phase (Tcl) andclosed quotient (Qclosed); peak-to-peak airflow amplitude (AC amplitude); maximum flow declination rate (MFDR);amplitude quotient (i.e. the ratio between the AC amplitude and MFDR) and its corresponding normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ); level difference between the two lowest partials in the spectrum (H1 – H2). A panel of 16 voiceexperts classified the voices as being produced in modal or in falsetto register. A correlation analysis was carriedout between the listening test classification and each of the flow glottogram parameters. Tones with a high valueof Qclosed and low values of H1−H2 and of NAQ were typically associated with a high number of voices perceivedas modal voices, and vice versa. NAQ showed the strongest correlation with the perceived voice quality (r=0.830).In addition, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out of the relationships between the number ofvotes for modal voices and the various flow glottogram parameters. The results showed that the Qclosed was thestrongest predictor of the number of votes for modal voices, followed by H1−H2, MFDR and AC amplitude. Finally,a cluster analysis of the flow glottogram parameters showed five clusters in a continuum along the range of valuesfor each of the parameters. Voices were unanimously associated to one or the other voice categories when theircorresponding clusters of parameters were found at the extremes of this continuum, suggesting that: 1. differentglottal flow parameters can be varied continuously and combined differently; 2. specific combinations or clusters ofaerodynamics characteristics are likely to be associated with different perceived voice qualities; 3. a perceived voicequality seems to be easier to be classified the further apart the clusters appear on the continuum, and vice-versa.
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- Salomão, Gláucia Laís, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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What do male singers mean by modal and falsetto register? : An investigation of the glottal voice source
- 2009
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Ingår i: Logopedics, Phoniatrics, Vocology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-5439 .- 1651-2022. ; 34:2, s. 73-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The voice source differs between modal and falsetto registers, but singers often try to reduce the associated timbral differences, some even doubting that there are any. A total of 54 vowel sounds sung in falsetto and modal register by 13 male more or less experienced choir singers were analyzed by inverse filtering and electroglottography. Closed quotient, maximum flow declination rate, peak-to-peak airflow amplitude, normalized amplitude quotient, and level difference between the two lowest source spectrum partials were determined, and systematic differences were found in all singers, regardless of experience of singing. The observations seem compatible with previous observations of thicker vocal folds in modal register.
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- Scherer, Klaus R., et al.
(författare)
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Comparing the acoustic expression of emotion in the speaking and the singing voice
- 2015
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Ingår i: Computer speech & language (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0885-2308 .- 1095-8363. ; 29:1, s. 218-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the similarities and differences in the expression of emotion in the singing and the speaking voice. Three internationally renowned opera singers produced “vocalises” (using a schwa vowel) and short nonsense phrases in different interpretations for 10 emotions. Acoustic analyses of emotional expression in the singing samples show significant differences between the emotions. In addition to the obvious effects of loudness and tempo, spectral balance and perturbation make significant contributions (high effect sizes) to this differentiation. A comparison of the emotion-specific patterns produced by the singers in this study with published data for professional actors portraying different emotions in speech generally show a very high degree of similarity. However, singers tend to rely more than actors on the use of voice perturbation, specifically vibrato, in particular in the case of high arousal emotions. It is suggested that this may be due to by the restrictions and constraints imposed by the musical structure.
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| 17. |
- Sundberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional expressivity in singing : Assessing physiological and acoustic indicators of two opera singers' voice characteristics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 155:1, s. 18-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an earlier study, we analyzed how audio signals obtained from three professional opera singers varied when they sang one octave wide eight-tone scales in ten different emotional colors. The results showed systematic variations in voice source and long-term-average spectrum (LTAS) parameters associated with major emotion “families”. For two of the singers, subglottal pressure (PSub) also was recorded, thus allowing analysis of an additional main physiological voice control parameter, glottal resistance (defined as the ratio between PSub and glottal flow), and related to glottal adduction. In the present study, we analyze voice source and LTAS parameters derived from the audio signal and their correlation with Psub and glottal resistance. The measured parameters showed a systematic relationship with the four emotion families observed in our previous study. They also varied systematically with values of the ten emotions along the valence, power, and arousal dimensions; valence showed a significant correlation with the ratio between acoustic voice source energy and subglottal pressure, while Power varied significantly with sound level and two measures related to the spectral dominance of the lowest spectrum partial. the fundamental.
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