| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bouwmeester, Sjoerd, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report : Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 12:3, s. 527-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nilsdotter-Linde, Nilla, et al.
(författare)
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Trampling effects on leys from four seed mixtures – ground cover after grazing
- 2016
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Ingår i: Grassland Science in Europe. ; 21, s. 68-70
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pasture swards can easily be damaged by trampling, causing serious problems on many farms. This study evaluated and compared swards made from four seed mixtures regarding resistance to trampling and animal selection at grazing. All mixtures contained cultivars of smooth meadow-grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) with/without white clover (Trifolium repens) as a base, plus perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). The four leys were set up in a randomised block design (three replicates) and rotation-grazed for two seasons. Degree of ground cover was evaluated by spatial analysis of Unmanned Aircraft System photographs after rotations. The ley with clover, ryegrass cv. Foxtrot, smooth meadow-grass and red fescue had more (P<0.05) ground cover (76.1%) than the same mixture without clover (72.2%) or the mixture with tall fescue (72.5%).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Salomon, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Hur förebygga att kor trampar sönder betet?
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Upptrampade och leriga ytor på kornas bete kan påverka kotrafik, djurhälsa och mjölkkvalitet. En lösning kan vara att använda tramptåliga vallfröblandningar. En annan lösning kan vara att stabilisera markytan på särskilt hårt belastade ytor, exempelvis vid grindhål. Här rapporteras preliminära resultat från ett forskningssamarbete mellan SLU och RISE.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Salomon, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Markstabiliserande material för att hindra trampskador på hårt belastade betesytor
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vallkonferens 2017. Konferensrapport. 7–8 feb, Uppsala. Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen för växtproduktionsekologi. Rapport 22.. - Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Institutionen för växtproduktionsekologi. - 9789157694638 ; , s. 52-55
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En utvärdering av olika markstabiliserande material visade att den armerade mattan knappt påverkades alls av kotrafik under fyra betessäsonger och tre vintrar däremellan. Om mattan håller isju år blir den lika prisvärd som bark eller krossad sten. Barkbädden höll under rådande förhållanden inte mer än två år, men kan vara ett prisvärt material om man har egen tillgång på bark och lägger på ny bark då bädden uppvisar tendens att kollapsa. Det kan innebära att man får lägga på bark mer än en gång under varje betessäsong. Det krossade stenmaterialet hade efter två betessäsonger liknande antal gropar (framräknat med ett s.k. gropindex) som försöksleden med matta samt det där inga åtgärder vidtogs (kontrollen). Att inte göra någon åtgärd alls har fungerat vid rotationsbete där vegetationen haft möjlighet att återetablera sig. Samtidigt var det tydligt att en yta blev trampskadad då korna passerade den under en regnig period i augusti.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Spörndly, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Kamp mot tramp - Etablering av vallar med fyra olika fröblandningar
- 2014
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Ingår i: Report from the Department of Crop Production Ecology (VPE). - 1653-5375. ; , s. 147-150
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I juli 2012 anlades vallar i tolv rutor med fyra olika fröblandningar och tre upprepningar. I projektets första fas, som redovisas här, utvärderades etableringen av de fyra fröblandningarna genom att 1) antalet etablerade plantor per kvadratmeter räknades i slumpmässigt utlagda försöksrutor och genom att 2) marktäckningen bestämdes genom flygfotografering av ytorna året efter sådd. En fröblandning med 35 % rörsvingel (sort Borneo) avvek från de övriga genom att den var långsammare i etableringen med initialt få plantor per kvadratmeter. Försöksrutorna med denna blandning hade dock en signifikant högre marktäckning än vallarna med andra fröblandningar vid sista utvärderingen som ägde rum i september 2013. I nästa fas av detta projekt kommer vallarna att utvärderas med avseende på tramptålighet och djurens betesselektion. Först därefter kan man göra en komplett utvärdering av vallarna och komma med rekommendationer för praktiskt bruk.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Aronsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pig and dairy slurry application on N and P leaching from crop rotations with spring cereals and forage leys
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1385-1314 .- 1573-0867. ; 98, s. 281-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two crop rotations dominated by spring cereals and grass/clover leys on a clay soil were studied over 2 years with respect to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching associated with pig or dairy slurry application in April, June and October. Leaching losses of total N (TN), total P (TP), nitrate-N and dissolved reactive P (DRP) were determined in separately tile-drained field plots (four replicates). Mean annual DRP leaching after October application of dairy slurry (17 kg P ha(-1)) to growing grass/clover was 0.37 kg ha(-1). It was significantly higher than after October application of pig slurry (13 kg ha(-1)) following spring cereals (0.16 kg ha(-1)) and than in the unfertilised control (0.07 kg P ha(-1)). The proportion of DRP in TP in drainage water from the grass/clover crop rotation (35 %) was higher than from the spring cereal rotation (25 %) and the control (14 %). The grass/clover rotation proved to be very robust with respect to N leaching, with mean TN leaching of 10.5 kg ha(-1) year(-1) compared with 19.2 kg ha(-1) year(-1) from the cereal crop rotation. Pig slurry application after cereals in October resulted in TN leaching of 25.7 kg ha(-1) compared with 7.0 kg ha(-1) year(-1) after application to grass/clover in October and 19.1 kg ha(-1) year(-1) after application to spring cereals in April. In conclusion, these results show that crop rotations dominated by forage leys need special attention with respect to DRP leaching and that slurry application should be avoided during wet conditions or combined with methods to increase adsorption of P to soil particles.
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| 17. |
- Aronsson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus load in outdoor areas for laying hens and capacity of phosphorus retaining materials to reduce the environmental impact
- 2022
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Ingår i: Organic Agriculture. - : Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. - 1879-4238 .- 1879-4246. ; 12:3, s. 325-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated manure loads in outdoor paddocks for laying hens and the capacity of two phosphorus (P) retaining materials for reducing leaching from manure in areas with high hen density. Inventories on two commercial farms during 2 years (2017 and 2018) of the impact of hens (groups of 3000 hens) on vegetation, as a proxy for land use by hens, showed that 16–21% of outdoor area in grassland paddocks and 22–39% of area in a forest paddock were used by the hens. Sand and limestone were tested as P retention materials in areas with high manure load in a field study during the outdoor season for laying hens (May 1 to October 31 in 2018). The materials were placed on the ground (0.2 m deep bed, 3.3 m wide) outside the pop-hole in paddocks with 76 hens. The average numbers of hens outdoors were recorded at 9 am and 3 pm daily. There was no significant difference between the materials concerning distribution of hens, and they seemed not to prefer any material more than the other. When cylinders containing the spent materials were exposed to simulated rainfalls in a laboratory study, the P concentrations in drainage water were high for all materials, including a control with gravel (58–136 mg PO4-P L−1 and 130–197 mg total-P L−1). On average, 14% of manure P retained in the sand and limestone materials was leached after 100 mm of simulated rainfall. Thus, these materials may act as physical filters for P in manure, but to reduce the risk of P losses to waters during the following winter, they need to be removed from the paddocks and preferably used as potential P fertilizers on arable land. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Caspersen, Siri, et al.
(författare)
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Organic production systems in Northern highbush blueberries
- 2013
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 9, s. 141-142
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The production of highbush blueberries is increasing worldwide. Organic production of blueberries in Sweden is presently very limited but is expected to have a great potential to expand as the berries are popular and have a good shelf life. The fact that blueberries require acid soils raises several questions concerning suitable substrates in combination with mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilization in organic production systems. Field and pot experiments have been established during 2011 and 2012 with the aim of developing a sustainable production system for high quality organic blueberries. After the second experimental year, total fruit yields were similar for plants grown in a plastic tunnel and in the open field. Yields were not affected by the addition of 10% forest soil to the peat-based substrate. Inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi had little effect on shoot length in a greenhouse pot experiment. Blueberries may be particularly suitable for organic production as the need for fertilizers is low combined with a relatively low disease pressure on the blueberry crop in the Nordic countries. The Swedish blueberry production might be expected to expand in the near future. The development of a successful and resource-efficient growing system for organic blueberries may encourage new blueberry growers to chose organic production.
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| 22. |
- Collentine, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of future nutrient load scenarios on multiple benefits of agricultural production
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nutrient load rates to the Baltic Sea need to be reduced. Agricultural land is regarded as the most significant contributor to the loads, and measures to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads have been proposed, both for the near and far future. Agricultural production was to a large extent considered in these scenarios, whereas effects on other ecosystem services were not evaluated. The question to be answered by this report is whether the measures adopted to reduce N and P losses improve or impair multiple benefits of agriculture. The question is answered for a specific catchment (Svärtaån) located in Sweden, but the method is thoroughly described to provide a potential method to also evaluate other catchments. This work was performed as a part of the Baltic Compass project (2013). The answer to the main question of whether the measures adopted to reduce N and P losses from agricultural fields improved or impaired multiple benefits of agriculture, seems to be that they improved. Most of the BAP measures had a positive influence on most of the MB-categories, the clearest exception being liming in tile drains which only improved the cost effectiveness. Except for water protection, the biosecurity MB-category was positively influenced by the most measures (6 out of 9) and with soil quality the next highest (5 out of 9). It is less clear how the absolute values evaluated for the MB index, can be compared among MB-categories. Among the BAP-measures, structural liming was the most positive measure (summing up the indices of all MB-categories), followed by buffer-zones and spring cultivation the next, although the cost effectiveness of these latter measures was evaluated to decrease. In the “unavoidable” future (Future scenarios) GHG emissions strongly increased. The only measure that mitigated that effect was reduced N fertilisation, providing more arguments for applying reduced fertilisation than only to reduce leaching.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Friman, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding silage to fattening pigs – effects on nitrogen utilization and ammonia losses from fresh manure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta agriculturae Scandinavica. Section A, Animal science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 72:3, s. 111-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effect of feeding silage to pigs on nitrogen (N) utilization and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. In total, 128 Yorkshire ? Hampshire (30?110?kg) pigs were fed commercial feed (Control) or commercial feed mixed with dried, milled silage in pelleted form (Pellet-S), fresh, chopped silage (Silage-Ch) or intensively treated silage (Silage-Pr). Silage replaced 20% of the crude protein (g/kg). Diet affected daily N excretion, which was higher for pigs fed Silage-Ch and Silage-Pr than for pigs in the Pellet-S and Control treatments. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) content in the manure and NH3 volatilization from fresh manure were higher for Control pigs than for pigs in the other treatments. Overall, these results show that pre-treatment of silage influences N utilization and excretion. Furthermore, the results indicate that feeding silage to pigs can reduce NH3 volatilization from fresh manure.
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| 25. |
- Geng, Quiqing, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Assessment of Cattle Handling on Pasture Using Work Environment Screening Tool
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Agromedicine. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 1059-924X .- 1545-0813. ; 20:2, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Working with beef cattle in an open area or while on pasture has been shown to expose workers to a high risk of work-related injury. Prior research on this problem has been conducted using mail surveys, interviews, self-reporting of work practices and injury experiences, and summaries of published injury data, including media reports. Prior research on injury prevention has largely focused on worker education in a specific cultural or geographical setting. A pilot study was conducted to test the cross-cultural usability of the Working Environment Screening Tool in Agriculture (WEST-AG), a modification of the WEST, developed for Swedish industrial applications, to assess risk factors associated with farmers working with cattle being raised largely on pasture as compared with cattle raised in confined feeding operations. Swedish and English language versions of WEST-AG were developed and pilot-tested on a convenient sample of eight Swedish and eight Indiana farms that raise beef cattle primarily on pasture. On-site observations were conducted independently by Swedish and US agricultural safety professionals and documented using photography and a 15–risk-of-injury component on an 11-degree linear scale. Comparisons were made between independent observations documented from the Swedish and Indiana application of the WEST, including collective assessment of photographic record, and the results reported. Key findings included (a) a higher level of observed risks on Indiana farms studied as compared with their Swedish counterparts; (b) high levels of worker exposure to cattle, especially mature breeding bulls, on both sets of farms; (c) a higher frequency of self-reported farm-related injuries than anticipated on both Swedish and Indiana farms; (d) substantially different economic, social, cultural, and regulatory forces that influence small-operation Swedish and Indiana beef producers’ decisions regarding adoption of safer work practices, including use of new and safer technology; and (e) differences between the interpretations of the levels or severity of risks observed between the Swedish and US researchers conducting the assessments based upon regulatory and cultural context. Recommendations for enhancing the methodology of applying the WEST-AG to beef production are discussed, along with utilizing the findings to recommend steps to enhance worker safety on small beef farms, regardless of cultural setting. The most significant contribution of this study was to explore the viability of an assessment tool for agricultural workplaces that could be used internationally to enhance worker safety and health regardless of cultural and political differences.
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| 26. |
- Geng, Qiuqing, et al.
(författare)
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Screening the working environment in outdoor pig systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. - 1074-7583. ; 15:3, s. 283-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated how well organic growing-fattening pig systems provided a safe and healthy working environment and identified areas where improvements are needed. The study formed part of a larger project aimed at identifying strategies for creating a good animal and working environment and resource-efficient nutrient management in outdoor pig systems. Field studies were carried out at six Swedish farms in two types of outdoor pig systems (mobile and stationary). A method known as WEST (Work Environment Screening Tool) and a modified version of WEST, called WEST-agriculture (WEST-AG), were utilized for screening. Together, the two methods covered six factors of the working environment. The results were expressed in WEST-AG points and WEST points, an economic measure of the risk of impacts on health and productivity expressed as Swedish Krona (SEK) per thousand working hours. The results demonstrated that the risk of injury and ergonomic load during manual feeding and watering was much higher than during semi-automatic feeding and watering at farms with the mobile system. The study also identified other health-risk areas and provided valuable information for further improvement of the working environment in different outdoor pig systems. © 2009 ASABE.
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| 27. |
- Gustafson, G.M., et al.
(författare)
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Barn balance calculations of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, S and Zn in a conventional and organic dairy farm in Sweden
- 2007
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Ingår i: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8809 .- 1873-2305. ; 119:1-2, s. 160-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculations of flows and balances of plant nutrients in agricultural production systems provide some basic information for the assessment of their long-term sustainability. The objectives of this study were to assess the possible impacts of variations in element concentrations between years and of undefined sinks and sources of elements on the accuracy of balance calculations. A 3-year study was conducted on Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, N, P, S, and Zn fluxes in the barns (subsystem) of a Swedish farm with separate conventional and organic milk production. Our main focus in this subproject was on barn balance calculations, the barn housing only cows. Barn balance for an element was defined as amount of that element in [feeds, heifers, bedding, water] - [milk, manure, urine, calves, culled cows]. The focus was on: (1) variations in element concentrations in the main flow carriers [feeds, milk, manure, urine]; (2) information about element dynamics and flows of dairy farming systems obtained from internal flows of elements in the barn balance compared with that obtained from the flows associated with milk production in a farm gate balance; (3) differences in element flows and concentrations between the organic and conventional farming systems on this farm. Our conclusions were: (1) the sampling methods used had low coefficients of variation and thus pooled samples can reduce the costs of element analyses. However, urine must be thoroughly mixed if less water-soluble elements are to be monitored. Magnesium differed significantly in concentrations between years in all feedstuffs; (2) year-to-year fluctuations in harvest can influence a calculation negatively if calculations are based on annual harvest and not on feed supplied. The barn balance calculation showed a source of Cu, Mn and Zn that would not have been obvious in a farm gate balance. The element content of manure and urine calculated as [inputs - milk] would have underestimated the amount of Cu, Mn and Zn in manure and overestimated the amount of K and N. The Cu analysis showed an example of conflicting goals between short-term welfare of the cows and long-term soil fertility. EU legislation regarding land for spreading of manure is not a guarantee against soil contamination by heavy metals; (3) the differences between the organic and conventional system related more to differences in forage: concentrate and home-grown: purchased ratios, which were typical for the average Swedish farm of each type, and less to differences in element concentrations of the feed ingredients. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Hammerling, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Food Consumption Patterns among Young Consumers by Unsupervised and Supervised Multivariate Data Analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety. - 2347-5641. ; 4:4, s. 392-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although computational multivariate data analysis (MDA) already has been employed in the dietary survey area, the results reported are based mainly on classical exploratory (descriptive) techniques. Therefore, data of a Swedish and a Danish dietary survey on young consumers (4 to 5 years of age) were subjected not only to modern exploratory MDA, but also modern predictive MDA that via supervised learning yielded predictive classification models. The exploratory part, also encompassing Swedish 8 or 11-year old Swedish consumers, included new innovative forms of hierarchical clustering and bi-clustering. This resulted in several interesting multi-dimensional dietary patterns (dietary prototypes), including striking difference between those of the age-matched Danish and Swedish children. The predictive MDA disclosed additional multi-dimensional food consumption relationships. For instance, the consumption patterns associated with each of several key foods like bread, milk, potato and sweetened beverages, were found to differ markedly between the Danish and Swedish consumers. In conclusion, the joint application of modern descriptive and predictive MDA to dietary surveys may enable new levels of diet quality evaluation and perhaps also prototype-based toxicology risk assessment.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Malgeryd, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lönsam stallgödselhantering : teknik, växtnäringshushållning, kvalitet och ekonomi
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att inte skada miljön måste växtnäringen i stallgödseln tas tillvara och återförastill de odlade grödorna. Skälen till att använda stallgödsel är dock fler. Dyraremineralgödsel och ekonomiskt kärvare tider har bidragit till att det ur ekonomisksynvinkel blivit mer intressant att använda stallgödsel som växtnäringskälla.JTI har, på uppdrag av SLA, sammanställt sin stallgödselforskning, bland annat medutgångspunkt från lantbruksföretagarens behov och frågeställningar. Hur kan manutnyttja växtnäringen optimalt? Hur ska gödseln lagras? Vilken utrustning och tidpunktär lämpligast för spridning? Vilka givor ger bäst avkastning och kvalitet pågröda? Vad kostar jordpackningen och hur kan den minimeras?Här förmedlas konkreta tips och råd kring stallgödselhantering.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Myrbeck, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Deliverable 4.3 Assessment of effects of manure/pasture management on nitrogen and phosphorus losses
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The POWER project aimed to examine the effectiveness of innovations and best practise in achieving improved pig welfare in Europe. Free-range pasture systems for pigs support the organic principles of natural living, but intensive free-range production is characterized by high risks of nutrient losses, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) leaching to surrounding water bodies and also ammonia (NH3) emissions. The scope of this grazing study, with housing pigs on pasture, was eight pig farms located in four countries: Austria, Denmark, Germany and Sweden. Collected farm data showed a large range in values, reflecting the diversity of pasture systems. Average animal density in paddocks per farm varied between 10 and 480 pigs per hectare, with a density in falling order as weaners>fatteners>sows. Vegetation in paddocks varied greatly between farms and also in paddocks within the same farm. Climate, animal density and soil type are important parameters influencing the risk of nutrient losses. Nutrient loads from faeces and urine in paddocks varied with animal density. The calculated loads were rather high in relation to fertilizing needs in crop production at some of the studied farms. This highlights the importance of having enough area for the pigs and/or to limit the period they are hold in the same paddock in order to apply nutrient loads balanced to subsequent crop or vegetation needs. With the highest N load registered in the study, pigs could be held in the paddock approximately one and a half month per year before exceeding the EU regulation of maximum application of 170 kg N per ha with animal manure.
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| 38. |
- Pérez Blanco, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) using specific RNA probes : Variability of RNA content with environmental conditions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-9883 .- 1878-1470. ; 24, s. 80-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, which forms toxic blooms, causes major economical losses to the fish industry because of the fish kills involved. It is therefore important to be able to detect not only H. akashiwo but other toxic phytoplankton species as well, rapidly and accurately to reduce losses by fish kills. With this purpose, DNA sequences from H. akashiwo 18S and 28S rRNA gene regions were studied in silico to design species-specific probes to be used in a microarray format. Three strains of H. akashiwo (AC 265, AC 266 and GUMACC 120) were grown at optimal conditions and transferred into new environmental conditions changing either the light intensity, salinity, temperature or nutrient concentrations, to check if any of these environmental conditions induced changes in the cellular RNA concentration. The aim of this experiment was the calibration of several species-specific probes for the quantification of H. akashiwo. Differences on RNA content were not significant (p < 0.05) in any of the treatments, therefore the calibration curves were validated. The designed probes are reliable for the detection and quantification of H. akashiwo cells in natural waters. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Pérez Blanco, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Population dynamics of dominant dinoflagellate species in the North Sea : in situ growth rates, photosynthetic potential, and losses due to parasitism
- 2024
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9883 .- 1878-1470. ; 134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the North Sea, Tripos and Dinophysis are commonly occurring mixotrophic planktonic dinoflagellate genera. In order to understand their bloom dynamics, an occurring bloom dominated by T. furca and D. norvegica was followed for several days. High cell abundances of these species were located to estimate: in situ growth rates from cell cycle analyses, depth distributions, growth rates sustained by photosynthesis, and parasite infection prevalence in all T. furca, T. fusus, D. norvegica and D. acuminata. Cell abundances were over 10000 cells L−1 for T. furca and up to 18000 cells L−1 for D. norvegica. Cells accumulated between 15-25 m depth and presented low specific in situ growth rates of 0.04-0.15 d−1 for T. furca and 0.02-0.16 d−1 for D. norvegica. Photosynthesis could sustain growth rates of 0.01-0.18 d−1 for T. furca and 0.02 to 0.14 d−1 for D. norvegica, suggesting that these species were relying mainly on photosynthesis. Parasite infections where generally low, with occasional high prevalence in D. norvegica (by Parvilucifera sp.) and T. fusus (by Amoebophrya sp.), while both parasites showed comparable prevalence in D. acuminata, which could offset in situ growth rates by parasite-induced host mortality. The restructuring effect of parasites on dinoflagellate blooms is often overlooked and this study elucidates their effect to cell abundances and their growth at the final stages of a bloom.
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| 40. |
- Pfeifer, C., et al.
(författare)
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The role of diversity and circularity to enhance the resilience of organic pig producers in Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animal - Open Space. - : Elsevier BV. - 2772-6940. ; 1:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how pig housing relates to diversity and circularity of farms and how this influences the capacity of European organic pig producers to cope with economic, legislation, labour and climate-related shocks. It identifies resilience strategies of pig producers in Europe by analysing resilience capacity and attributes to different shocks, namely input and output price shocks, disease outbreaks, climate change, legislation change and labour fluctuations. Based on narratives of 18 pig producers, this paper finds three resilience strategies: an efficiency-based strategy, a nutrient substitution strategy and a farm diversification strategy. Non-resiliency is mostly found among the producers with an all-year outdoor production system following the nutrient substitution strategy related to low feed self-sufficiency. The producers follow an efficiency-based strategy when they cannot accumulate reserves sufficient to cope with shocks. Non-resilience among the farm diversification strategy is related to direct marketing that is labour intensive requires the ability to pay decent wages. To increase the resilience of pig producers in Europe, policies should recognise that these different strategies exist and tailor policies differently for different types of producers.
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| 42. |
- Richert-Stintzing, A., et al.
(författare)
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Application of broiler chicken manure to lettuce and cabbage crops. : Effect on yield, plant nutrient utilisation and mineral nitrogen in soil
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572. ; 571, s. 119-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of broiler chicken manure is increasing in Sweden due to its reputation as a quick-acting nitrogen fertiliser. However, data concerning the effects on crops and the environment are limited. In 1998, a field trial was carried out at Ultuna with the aim of investigating the effects of spreading two different quantities of pelleted and stored broiler manure to iceberg lettuce and white cabbage. The parameters studied were yield, plant nutrient utilisation and amount of soil mineral nitrogen. Results from the field trial show that the pelleted broiler manure gave a better effect on yield than stored broiler manure. Nutrient balances showed that it is difficult to attain a good balance between application and uptake of nutrients when using broiler manure, especially pelleted. Soil samples indicate that the amount of mineral nitrogen in the soil after harvest did not differ significantly between the two broiler manures at the two levels of application. The results from this first year of field trials need to be confirmed with further trials.
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| 47. |
- Råberg, Tora, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic management of nitrogen within an organic cropping system using digestate from biogas production of recirculated crop residues
- 2013
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 9, s. 109-110
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategic management of nitrogen within an organic cropping system using digestate from biogas production of recirculated crop residuesT. Råberg1, E. Kreuger2, L. Björnsson3 and E. S. Jensen1 1Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. box 103, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden, (tora.raberg@slu.se). 2Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. 3Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, John Ericssons väg 1, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. Implications This project investigates strategic management of nitrogen by integrating crop residue management with biogas production. The approach offers potential for diversified farmer income, as food crops, feedstock for biogas and digestate for nutrient cycling are produced simultaneously. This type of diversification provides multifunctional solutions in organic farming, especially in production without access to animal manure. Biogas production from crop residues offers the possibility of reducing both emissions and leaching of nutrients to the surrounding ecosystems, as compared to the case where crop residue is incorporated into the soil for decomposition (Baggs et al. 2000; Velthof et al. 2002). This type of multifunctional cropping system provides solutions that can also help to solve issues on conventional farms, such as N emissions, and can also provide local production of biogas. Background & objectives The main objective is to determine the effects of strategic field application of a biogas digestate on crop yield, crop quality, and methane potential, based on anaerobic digestion of crop residues, catch crop and ley from the cropping system. Our hypothesis is that anaerobic digestion of residues and recycling of the digestate will lead to an improved N use efficiency compared to incorporating the residues untreated in to the soil. This strategy addresses four important aspects of food production: sustainable land use, timely and efficient cycling of nutrients, reduction of N losses and self-sufficiency in renewable energy. There is a need to optimize the sustainable use of agricultural land in consideration of future food supplies, as well as climate change mitigation and adaption due to an increasing level of competition for land used for food or energy production (Harvey & Pilgrim, 2011). By designing multifunctional cropping systems, it is possible to both produce high-quality food crops and biogas in the same cropping season. There is also a need for economically feasible supplies of plant nutrients in organic systems without animal production to increase both yields and quality. Mineralisation of N has to be synchronized with crop growth and N acquisition, in order to decrease the risk for emissions of nitrous oxide and ammonia, as well as reduce leaching of nitrate to the ground water and streams (Doltra et al. 2011). Biogas digestate has a great potential for solving these issues by supplying the crops with N when they are in an intensive growth phase with large needs. Key results & discussion The three crops that gave the highest yield of residual biomass were pea intercropped with barley, lentil intercropped with oat, and barley in pure stand. The dry weight is tightly linked to the energy exchange for methane production. Calculations with theoretical estimates based on the dry weight show that the crop residues, ley and catch crops from the crop rotation can produce approximately 800 m3 methane/ha. A medium sized organic farm in Sweden of 90 ha with a similar crop rotation, could thus potentially produce 7200 m3 of methane/year, equivalent to 72000 kWh, in addition to food products. Three main results will be presented at the conference: 1) Dry matter production and nitrogen content in each crop residue, ley and catch crop. 2) Nitrogen content of the digestate from the whole cropping system. 3) The actual methane production from the crop rotation. How work was carried out? This research project runs from 2012 to 2015. The cropping system was established in 2012 to determine effects of strategic nutrient management, including a treatment involving anaerobic digestion of crop residues and a grass mixture as the feedstock. The crops were chosen to yield food products that are attractive for the Scandinavian market and in addition allow for an additional production of biomass, see table 1. Additionally, all fields were re-sown after harvest of the main crop with an autumn or winter-growing crop, to reduce nitrogen leakage during the winter season (Catt et al. 1998). All crops were fertilised with external biogas digestate during the initial year. In the coming years, we will study the effects of three nutrient management systems on the yield, N-uptake, crop quality, energy balance and economy. The management methods are based on: 1) Leaving the biomass resources in situ in the field. 2) Moving the biomass resources to nitrogen-demanding crops. 3) Collecting the biomass resources for anaerobic digestion and using the resulting digestate for the nitrogen demanding crops. References Baggs E M, Rees R M, Smith K A and Vinten A J A 2000, Nitrous oxide emission from soils after incorporating crop residues Soil Use and Management, 16:82–87. Catt J A, Howse K R, Christian D G, Lane P W, Harris G L and Goss M J 1998, Strategies to decrease nitrate leaching in the Brimstone Farm Experiment, Oxfordshire, UK, 1988–1993: the effects of winter cover crops and unfertilised grass leys Plant and soil, 203: 57-69. Doltra J, Lægdsmand M and Olesen J E 2011, Cereal yield and quality as affected by nitrogen availability in organic and conventional arable crop rotations: A combined modelling and experimental approach European Journal of Agronomy, 34:83-95. Velthof, G L, Kuikman, P J and Oenema, O 2002. Nitrous oxide emission from soils amended with crop residues Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 62: 249-261. Harvey M and Pilgrim S 2011, The new competition for land: Food, energy, and climate change Food Policy, 36:40-51.
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| 48. |
- Röös, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Ekologisk produktion med minskad klimatpåverkan
- 2014
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordbruket har möjlighet att förutom att minska sina egna utsläpp även bidra till övriga samhällets omställning genom produktion av bioenergi och inlagring av kol i mark. Många av det ekologiska jordbrukets klimatutmaningar är gemensamma för alla typer av jordbruk. Men ekologisk produktion bygger på ett antal principer som tar sig uttryck i ett regelverk, vilket skapar specifika förutsättningar för det ekologiska jordbrukets möjligheter att minska sina växthusgasutsläpp. Här sammanfattas viktiga områden när det gäller klimatpåverkan från ekologiskt jordbruk.
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- Röös, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Minskad klimatpåverkan med vallfoder till gris– beräkning av klimatavtrycket ur ett livscykelperspektiv
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den här studien var att uppskatta klimateffekten ur ett livscykelperspektiv av att introducera gräs-klövervall som ingrediens i foder till grisar i konventionell svensk grisproduktion. Resultaten visar att klimatavtrycket för ett kg konventionellt griskött kan minskas med cirka 13 procent genom att en del av grisarnas traditionella foder byts ut mot vallfoder. Minskningen beror på i) lägre kvävegiva till vall i jämförelse med spannmål och därmed lägre lustgasutsläpp och lägre utsläpp från tillverkning av mineralgödsel, ii) minskad dieselanvändning, iii) högre skörd för vallen jämfört med andra fodermedel och iv) förfruktseffekter från vallodlingen i övriga grödor. Inkluderas den förväntade inlagringen av kol i mark när vall introduceras i en spannmålsdominerad växtföljd, minskar utsläppen med ytterligare 18 procent. Dock är uppskattningen vad gäller inlagring av kol från atmosfären i mark osäker och dessutom är processen reversibel, vilket gör att denna minskningspotential ska beaktas med viss försiktighet. Det finns flera ytterligare fördelar med att föra in vallodling i grisproduktionen inklusive förbättrad välfärd för grisarna, ökad markbördighet, ökad mångfald av odlade grödor på jordbruksmark som kan gynna biodiversiteten och minskad användning av insatsvaror. För att odla och hantera vallen och kunna använda vallfoder i foderstaten till grisar behövs en annan typ av maskinpark och utfodringsanläggning än vad som används traditionellt inom grisproduktion. Sådan teknik bör dock kunna komma på plats snabbt i och med att sådana system redan används inom mjölk och nötköttsproduktionen. Rådgivare inom grisproduktionen behöver också information och kunskap kring vilka vallgrödor som är lämpliga till grisar samt hur tekniska lösningar för skörd, lagring och hantering av ensilage på gårdsnivå bör ske. Mycket av den kunskapen finns att hämta hos mjölk- och nötköttsproducenter.
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