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- Aasmundtveit, K.E., et al.
(författare)
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Structural anisotropy of poly(alkylthiophene) films
- 2000
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 33:8, s. 3120-3127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural anisotropy of various poly(alkylthiophene) films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, using both conventional methods and synchrotron radiation at grazing incidence. Solution-cast films orient with the side chains preferably normal to the film surface, whereas spin-cast films of nonstereoregular material orient with both the main and the side chains in the film plane. For thick (10-50 µm) solution-cast films, the degree of orientation depends strongly on the solvent used for casting, and on the stereoregularity of the polymer, films of stereoregular materials being more oriented than those of nonregular materials. The most oriented nonregular films are those cast from mixtures of chloroform and tetrahydrofuran. Thin (50-500 nm) solution-cast films are more oriented than the thicker ones, and the effects of different stereoregularity or different casting solvents are small. For spin-cast films, the degree of orientation is independent of substrate and solvent. Spin-cast films of stereoregular material have two different phases: One with the side chains normal to the substrate, and another where they are parallel to the substrate. The diffraction peaks of spin-cast poly(octylthiophene) narrow considerably upon heating.
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- Elmlund, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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The cyclin-dependent kinase 8 module sterically blocks Mediator interactions with RNA polymerase II
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 103:43, s. 15788-15793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CDK8 (cyclin-dependent kinase 8), along with CycC, Med12, and Med13, form a repressive module (the Cdk8 module) that prevents RNA polymerase II (pol II) interactions with Mediator. Here, we report that the ability of the Cdk8 module to prevent pol II interactions is independent of the Cdk8-dependent kinase activity. We use electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction to demonstrate that the Cdk8 module forms a distinct structural entity that binds to the head and middle region of Mediator, thereby sterically blocking interactions with pol II.
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- Holvik, K, et al.
(författare)
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Low serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol are associated with increased risk of hip fracture : A NOREPOS study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 25:11, s. 2545-2554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the risk of hip fracture according to circulating alpha-tocopherol, a plant-derived substance with antioxidant properties, in community-dwelling older Norwegians. We found a linear increasing risk of hip fracture with lower serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations, with a 51 % higher risk in the lowest compared to the highest quartile.INTRODUCTION:Oxidative stress is a suggested contributing cause of osteoporosis and fractures. Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) has potent antioxidant properties in humans. The relationship between circulating α-tocopherol and fracture risk is not established. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum α-tocopherol concentrations and risk of hip fracture during up to 11 years of follow-up.METHODS:We performed a case-cohort analysis among 21,774 men and women aged 65-79 years who participated in four community-based health studies in Norway 1994-2001. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations at baseline were determined in 1,168 men and women who subsequently suffered hip fractures (median follow-up 8.2 years) and in a random sample (n = 1,434) from the same cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression adapted for gender-stratified case-cohort data was performed.RESULTS:Median (25, 75 percentile) serum α-tocopherol was 30.0 (22.6, 38.3) μmol/L, and it showed a linear inverse association with hip fracture: hazard ratio (HR) 1.11 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.20) per 10-μmol/L decrease in serum α-tocopherol, adjusted for gender and study center. The lowest compared to the highest quartile conferred an HR of 1.51 (95 % CI 1.17-1.95), adjusted for gender and study center. Adjustment for smoking, month of blood sample, BMI, education, physical inactivity, self-rated health, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) yielded similar results. Taking serum total cholesterol concentration into account attenuated the association somewhat: HR of hip fracture was 1.37 (95 % CI 1.05-1.77) in first versus fourth quartile of serum α-tocopherol/total cholesterol ratio.CONCLUSIONS:Low serum concentrations of α-tocopherol were associated with increased risk of hip fracture in older Norwegians.
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- Samuelsen, Orjan, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Epidemiology of Metallo-beta-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Norway and Sweden Shows Import of International Clones and Local Clonal Expansion
- 2010
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 1098-6596. ; 54:1, s. 346-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scandinavia is considered a region with a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. However, the number dof multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria is increasing, including metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates identified in Norway (n = 4) and Sweden (n = 9) from 1999 to 2007 were characterized. Two international clonal complexes (CC), CC111 (n = 8) and CC235 (n = 2), previously associated with MBL-producing isolates, were dominant. CC111 isolates (ST111/229; serotype O12; bla(VIM-2)) included clonally related isolates identified in Skane County, Sweden (n = 6), and two isolates associated with importation from Greece and Denmark. In all CC111 isolates, bla(VIM-2) was located in integron In59.2 or In59 variants. The two CC235 isolates (ST235/ST230; serotype O11; bla(VIM-4)) were imported from Greece and Cyprus, were possibly clonally related, and carried bla(VIM-4) in two different integron structures. Three isolates imported from Ghana (ST233; serotype O6; bla(VIM-2)), Tunisia (ST654; serotype O11; bla(VIM-2)), and Thailand (ST260; serotype O6; bla(IMP-14)) were clonally unrelated. ST233 was part of a new CC (CC233) that included other MBL-producing isolates, while ST654 could also be part of a new CC associated with MBL producers. In the isolates imported from Ghana and Tunisia, bla(VIM-2) was part of unusual integron structures lacking the 3' conserved segment and associated with transposons. The bla(VIM) gene was found to be located on the chromosome in all isolates. Known risk factors for acquisition of MBL were reported for all patients except one. The findings suggest that both import of successful international clones and local clonal expansion contribute to the emergence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in Scandinavia.
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- Spåhr, H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mediator reveals a set of essential subunits conserved between yeast and metazoan cells.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 98:21, s. 11985-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the identification of eight new polypeptides, we here complete the subunit characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. The complex contains homologs to all 10 essential gene products present in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mediator, but lacks clear homologs to any of the 10 S. cerevisiae components encoded by nonessential genes. S. pombe Mediator instead contains three unique components (Pmc2, -3, and -6), which lack homologs in other cell types. Presently, pmc2(+) and pmc3(+) have been shown to be nonessential genes. The data suggest that S. pombe and S. cerevisiae share an essential protein module, which associates with nonessential speciesspecific subunits. In support of this view, sequence analysis of the conserved yeast Mediator components Med4 and Med8 reveals sequence homology to the metazoan Mediator components Trap36 and Arc32. Therefore, 8 of 10 essential genes conserved between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae also have a metazoan homolog, indicating that an evolutionary conserved Mediator core is present in all eukaryotic cells. Our data suggest a closer functional relationship between yeast and metazoan Mediator than previously anticipated.
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