| 1. |
- Asplund Samuelsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity and expression of bacterial metacaspases in an aquatic ecosystem
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 7, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metacaspases are distant homologs of metazoan caspase proteases, implicated in stress response, and programmed cell death (PCD) in bacteria and phytoplankton. While the few previous studies on metacaspases have relied on cultured organisms and sequenced genomes, no studies have focused on metacaspases in a natural setting. We here present data from the first microbial community-wide metacaspase survey; performed by querying metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets from the brackish Baltic Sea, a water body characterized by pronounced environmental gradients and periods of massive cyanobacterial blooms. Metacaspase genes were restricted to ~4% of the bacteria, taxonomically affiliated mainly to Bacteroidetes, Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. The gene abundance was significantly higher in larger or particle-associated bacteria (<0.8 μm), and filamentous Cyanobacteria dominated metacaspase gene expression throughout the bloom season. Distinct seasonal expression patterns were detected for the three metacaspase genes in Nodularia spumigena, one of the main bloom-formers. Clustering of normalized gene expression in combination with analyses of genomic and assembly data suggest functional diversification of these genes, and possible roles of the metacaspase genes related to stress responses, i.e., sulfur metabolism in connection to oxidative stress, and nutrient stress induced cellular differentiation. Co-expression of genes encoding metacaspases and nodularin toxin synthesis enzymes was also observed in Nodularia spumigena. The study shows that metacaspases represent an adaptation of potentially high importance for several key organisms in the Baltic Sea, most prominently Cyanobacteria, and open up for further exploration of their physiological roles in microbes and assessment of their ecological impact in aquatic habitats.
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| 2. |
- Dupont, Chris L., et al.
(författare)
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Functional Tradeoffs Underpin Salinity-Driven Divergence in Microbial Community Composition
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2, s. e89549-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacterial community composition and functional potential change subtly across gradients in the surface ocean. In contrast, while there are significant phylogenetic divergences between communities from freshwater and marine habitats, the underlying mechanisms to this phylogenetic structuring yet remain unknown. We hypothesized that the functional potential of natural bacterial communities is linked to this striking divide between microbiomes. To test this hypothesis, metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities along a 1,800 km transect in the Baltic Sea area, encompassing a continuous natural salinity gradient from limnic to fully marine conditions, was explored. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that salinity is the main determinant of dramatic changes in microbial community composition, but also of large scale changes in core metabolic functions of bacteria. Strikingly, genetically and metabolically different pathways for key metabolic processes, such as respiration, biosynthesis of quinones and isoprenoids, glycolysis and osmolyte transport, were differentially abundant at high and low salinities. These shifts in functional capacities were observed at multiple taxonomic levels and within dominant bacterial phyla, while bacteria, such as SAR11, were able to adapt to the entire salinity gradient. We propose that the large differences in central metabolism required at high and low salinities dictate the striking divide between freshwater and marine microbiomes, and that the ability to inhabit different salinity regimes evolved early during bacterial phylogenetic differentiation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of microbial distributions and stress the need to incorporate salinity in future climate change models that predict increased levels of precipitation and a reduction in salinity.
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| 3. |
- Ghali, Jalal K, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of renal function on clinical outcome and response to beta-blockade in systolic heart failure: insights from Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic HF (MERIT-HF).
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiac failure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8414 .- 1071-9164. ; 15:4, s. 310-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the risk and impact of renal dysfunction on the response to beta-blockade and mode of death in systolic heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Renal function was estimated with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Patients from the Metoprolol CR/XL Controlled Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic HF (MERIT-HF) were divided into 3 renal function subgroups (MDRD formula): eGFR(MDRD) > 60 (n = 2496), eGFR(MDRD) 45 to 60 (n = 976), and eGFR(MDRD) < 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area (n = 493). Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for prespecified risk factors. Placebo patients with eGFR < 45 had significantly higher risk than those with eGFR > 60: HR for all-cause mortality, 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 2.81) comparing placebo patients with eGFR < 45 and eGFR > 60, and for the combined end point of all-cause mortality/hospitalization for worsening HF (time to first event): HR, 1.91 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.53). No significant increase in risk with deceased renal function was observed for those randomized to metoprolol controlled release (CR)/extended release (XL) due to a highly significant decrease in risk on metoprolol CR/XL in those with eGFR < 45. For total mortality, metoprolol CR/XL vs placebo: HR, 0.41 (95% CI. 0.25 to 0.68; P < .001) in those with eGFR < 45 compared with HR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.95; P < .021) for those with eGFR > 60; corresponding data for the combined end point was HR, 0.44 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.63; P < .0001) and HR, 0.75 (0.62 to 0.92; P = .005, respectively; P = .095 for interaction by treatment for total mortality; P = .011 for combined end point). Metoprolol CR/XL was well tolerated in all 3 renal function subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Renal function as estimated by eGFR was a powerful predictor of death and hospitalizations from worsening HF. Metoprolol CR/XL was at least as effective in reducing death and hospitalizations for worsening HF in patients with eGFR < 45 as in those with eGFR > 60.
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| 4. |
- Mellqvist, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of industrial emissions of alkenes in Texas using the solar occultation flux method
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-8996 .- 2169-897X .- 0148-0227. ; 115:D7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [1] Solar occultation flux (SOF) measurements of alkenes have been conducted to identify and quantify the largest emission sources in the vicinity of Houston and in SE Texas during September 2006 as part of the TexAQS 2006 campaign. The measurements have been compared to emission inventories and have been conducted in parallel with airborne plume studies. The SOF measurements show that the hourly gas emissions from the large petrochemical and refining complexes in the Houston Ship Channel area and Mount Belvieu during September 2006 corresponded to 1250 ± 180 kg/h of ethene and 2140 ± 520 kg/h of propene, with an estimated uncertainty of about 35%. This can be compared to the 2006 emission inventory value for ethene and propene of 145 ± 4 and 181 ± 42 kg/h, respectively. On average, for all measurements during the campaign, the discrepancy factor is 10.2(+8,-5) for ethene and 11.7(+7,-4) for propene. The largest emission source was Mount Belvieu, NE of the Houston Ship Channel, with ethene and propene emissions corresponding to 440 ± 130 kg/h and 490 ± 190 kg/h, respectively. Large variability of propene was observed from several petrochemical industries, for which the largest reported emission sources are flares. The SOF alkene emissions agree within 50% with emissions derived from airborne measurements at three different sites. The airborne measurements also provide support to the SOF error budget.
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| 5. |
- Samuelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Poor metabolic control in childhood strongly correlates to diabetes-related premature death in persons <30 years of age-A population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 21:3, s. 479-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectiveThe importance of metabolic control in childhood regarding excess risk of death in young persons has not been well studied. This registry‐based study aimed to investigate mortality rates and cause of death related to metabolic control in young persons (≤29 years) in Sweden with type 1 diabetes.MethodsAll 12 652 subjects registered in the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality register, from 2006 to 2014, were included. Data were merged with the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using the official Swedish population register.ResultsOf 68 deaths identified, 38.2% of the deaths were registered as being due to diabetes whereof the major cause of death was acute complications. Overall standardized mortality ratio was 2.7 (2.1‐3.4, 95% CI). Subjects who died from diabetes had a mean HbA1c of 74 ± 19 mmol/mol (8.9 ± 1.7%) during childhood vs 62 ± 12 mmol/mol (7.8 ± 1.1%) in those still alive (P < .001).ConclusionsIn this nationwide cohort of young subjects with type 1 diabetes, there was a high mortality rate compared to the general population. Mean HbA1c in childhood was significantly higher in those who died from diabetes, compared to subjects who were still alive. To decrease mortality in young persons with type 1 diabetes it is essential not only to achieve but also to maintain a good metabolic control during childhood and adolescence.
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| 6. |
- Asplund-Samuelsson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Prokaryotic Caspase Homologs : Phylogenetic Patterns and Functional Characteristics Reveal Considerable Diversity
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e49888-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caspases accomplish initiation and execution of apoptosis, a programmed cell death process specific to metazoans. The existence of prokaryotic caspase homologs, termed metacaspases, has been known for slightly more than a decade. Despite their potential connection to the evolution of programmed cell death in eukaryotes, the phylogenetic distribution and functions of these prokaryotic metacaspase sequences are largely uncharted, while a few experiments imply involvement in programmed cell death. Aiming at providing a more detailed picture of prokaryotic caspase homologs, we applied a computational approach based on Hidden Markov Model search profiles to identify and functionally characterize putative metacaspases in bacterial and archaeal genomes. Out of the total of 1463 analyzed genomes, merely 267 (18%) were identified to contain putative metacaspases, but their taxonomic distribution included most prokaryotic phyla and a few archaea (Euryarchaeota). Metacaspases were particularly abundant in Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, which harbor many morphologically and developmentally complex organisms, and a distinct correlation was found between abundance and phenotypic complexity in Cyanobacteria. Notably, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, known to undergo genetically regulated autolysis, lacked metacaspases. Pfam domain architecture analysis combined with operon identification revealed rich and varied configurations among the metacaspase sequences. These imply roles in programmed cell death, but also e.g. in signaling, various enzymatic activities and protein modification. Together our data show a wide and scattered distribution of caspase homologs in prokaryotes with structurally and functionally diverse subgroups, and with a potentially intriguing evolutionary role. These features will help delineate future characterizations of death pathways in prokaryotes.
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| 7. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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A behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of research in reading (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-0423 .- 1467-9817. ; 31:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self-teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. © United Kingdom Literacy Association 2008.
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| 8. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on aspects of literacy and language in early childhood : Continuity and change from preschool to Grade 2
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 22:3, s. 219-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early literacy and language skills of twin children in the USA, Australia, and Scandinavia were explored in a genetically sensitive design (maximum N = 615 pairs). For this article, we report aspects of preschool and Grade 2 data. In Grade 2, there were strong genetic influences on word reading, reading comprehension, and spelling. Vocabulary was about equally affected by genes and shared environment. Multivariate analyses indicated substantial genetic overlap among the Grade 2 literacy variables. Longitudinal analyses showed that genetic factors evident at the preschool stage continued to affect literacy and vocabulary three years later in Grade 2, but there was also evidence of new genetic factors coming into play over the time interval, at least for literacy. Suggestions are made about the search for underlying biological and cognitive processes, and educational implications are explored.
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| 9. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on early literacy
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of research in reading (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-0423 .- 1467-9817. ; 29:1, s. 33-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prereading and early reading skills of preschool twin children in Australia, Scandinavia and the United States were explored in a genetically sensitive design (max. N = 627 preschool pairs and 422 kindergarten pairs). Analyses indicated a strong genetic influence on preschool phonological awareness, rapid naming and verbal memory. Print awareness, vocabulary and grammar/morphology were subject primarily to shared environment effects. There were significant genetic and shared environment correlations among the preschool traits. Kindergarten reading, phonological awareness and rapid naming were primarily affected by genes, and spelling was equally affected by genes and shared environment. Multivariate analyses revealed genetic and environmental overlap and independence among kindergarten variables. Longitudinal analyses showed genetic continuity as well as change in phonological awareness and rapid naming across the 2 years. Relations among the preschool variables of print awareness, phonological awareness and rapid naming and kindergarten reading were also explored in longitudinal analyses. Educational implications are discussed. © United Kingdom Literacy Association 2006.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal twin study of early literacy development : Preschool and kindergarten phases
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scientific Studies of Reading. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1088-8438 .- 1532-799X. ; 9:3, s. 219-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted behavior-genetic analyses of kindergarten reading, spelling, phonological awareness, rapid naming, and spoken sentence processing in 172 pairs of monozygotic and 153 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twin kindergarten children sampled in the United States and Australia. We also modeled progress from preschool to kindergarten in literacy-related variables, with larger numbers of twins contributing to the preschool phase. Reading, phonological awareness, and rapid naming at kindergarten showed substantial effects of genes and modest effects of shared environment, spelling was influenced by genes and environment equally, and sentence processing was affected primarily by shared environment. Longitudinal analyses indicated that the same genes affect phonological awareness in preschool and kinder garten but that a new genetic factor comes into play in rapid naming as letters and digits are introduced in kindergarten. At preschool, print knowledge and phonological awareness share one source of genetic influence, which in turn affects reading and spelling in kindergarten. Phonological awareness is subject to a second genetic factor, but only the one it shares with print also influences kindergarten reading and spelling. In contrast to the genetic effects, a single source of shared environment affects preschool print knowledge and phonological awareness and kindergarten reading. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical and practical issues in literacy development. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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| 12. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal twin study of early literacy development : Preschool through Grade 1
- 2007
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 20:1-2, s. 77-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grade 1 literacy skills of twin children in Australia (New South Wales) and the United States (Colorado) were explored in a genetically sensitive design (N = 319 pairs). Analyses indicated strong genetic influence on word and nonword identification, reading comprehension, and spelling. Rapid naming showed more modest, though reliable, genetic influence. Phonological awareness was subject to high nonshared environment and no reliable genetic effects, and individual measures of memory and learning were also less affected by genes than nonshared environment. Multivariate analyses showed that the same genes affected word identification, reading comprehension, and spelling. Country comparisons indicated that the patterns of genetic influence on reading and spelling in Grade 1 were similar, though for the U.S. but not the Australian children new genes came on stream in the move from kindergarten to Grade 1. We suggest that this is because the more intensive kindergarten literacy curriculum in New South Wales compared with Colorado, consistent with the mean differences between the two countries, means that more of the genes are "online" sooner in Australia because of accelerated overall reading development. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Christopher, Micaela, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental etiologies of the longitudinal relations between prereading skills and reading
- 2015
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Ingår i: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 86:2, s. 342-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explored the environmental and genetic etiologies of the longitudinal relations between prereading skills and reading and spelling. Twin pairs (n = 489) were assessed before kindergarten (M = 4.9 years), post-first grade (M = 7.4 years), and post-fourth grade (M = 10.4 years). Genetic influences on five prereading skills (print knowledge, rapid naming, phonological awareness, vocabulary, and verbal memory) were primarily responsible for relations with word reading and spelling. However, relations with post-fourth-grade reading comprehension were due to both genetic and shared environmental influences. Genetic and shared environmental influences that were common among the prereading variables covaried with reading and spelling, as did genetic influences unique to verbal memory (only post-fourth-grade comprehension), print knowledge, and rapid naming.
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| 16. |
- Christopher, Micaela, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the etiology of individual differences in early reading development : Evidence for strong genetic influences
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific Studies of Reading. - : Routledge. - 1088-8438 .- 1532-799X. ; 17:5, s. 350-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored the etiology of individual differences in reading development from post-kindergarten to post–4th grade by analyzing data from 487 twin pairs tested in Colorado. Data from three reading measures and one spelling measure were fit to biometric latent growth curve models, allowing us to extend previous behavioral genetic studies of the etiology of early reading development at specific time points. We found primarily genetic influences on individual differences at post–1st grade for all measures. Genetic influences on variance in growth rates were also found, with evidence of small, nonsignificant, shared environmental influences for two measures. We discuss our results, including their implications for educational policy.
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| 17. |
- Christopher, Micaela, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in early reading growth in Australia, the United States and Scandinavia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of experimental child psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-0965 .- 1096-0457. ; 115:3, s. 453-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This first cross-country twin study of individual differences in reading growth from post-kindergarten to post-second grade analyzed data from 487 twin pairs from the United States, 267 twin pairs from Australia, and 280 twin pairs from Scandinavia. Data from two reading measures were fit to biometric latent growth models. Individual differences for the reading measures at post-kindergarten in the United States and Australia were due primarily to genetic influences and to both genetic and shared environmental influences in Scandinavia. In contrast, individual differences in growth generally had large genetic influences in all countries. These results suggest that genetic influences are largely responsible for individual differences in early reading development. In addition, the timing of the start of formal literacy instruction may affect the etiology of individual differences in early reading development but have only limited influence on the etiology of individual differences in growth.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Davis, J, et al.
(författare)
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Specific recommendations for Early Childhood Education
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Gothenburg Recommendations on Education for Sustainable Development, Adopted November 12. - Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Dumesic, Phillip A, et al.
(författare)
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Noncanoncial signal recognition particle RNAs in a major eukaryotic phylum revealed by purification of SRP from the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nucleic acids research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 43:18, s. 9017-9027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite conservation of the signal recognition particle (SRP) from bacteria to man, computational approaches have failed to identify SRP components from genomes of many lower eukaryotes, raising the possibility that they have been lost or altered in those lineages. We report purification and analysis of SRP in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, providing the first description of SRP in basidiomycetous yeast. The C. neoformans SRP RNA displays a predicted structure in which the universally conserved helix 8 contains an unprecedented stem-loop insertion. Guided by this sequence, we computationally identified 152 SRP RNAs throughout the phylum Basidiomycota. This analysis revealed additional helix 8 alterations including single and double stem-loop insertions as well as loop diminutions affecting RNA structural elements that are otherwise conserved from bacteria to man. Strikingly, these SRP RNA features in Basidiomycota are accompanied by phylum-specific alterations in the RNA-binding domain of Srp54, the SRP protein subunit that directly interacts with helix 8. Our findings reveal unexpected fungal SRP diversity and suggest coevolution of the two most conserved SRP features-SRP RNA helix 8 and Srp54-in basidiomycetes. Because members of this phylum include important human and plant pathogens, these noncanonical features provide new targets for antifungal compound development.
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| 21. |
- Engdahl, Ingrid, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Early Childhood Education for Sustainability: Recommendations for development
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Early Childhood. - 0020-7187 .- 1878-4658. ; 42:2, s. 113-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The following recommendations for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in Early Childhood Education were the product of an extended international collaboration that was supported by a number of bodies including the Centre for Environment and Sustainability in Gothenburg, the Swedish Ministry of Education and Research, the Swedish National Commission for UNESCO, and the Swedish International Centre for Education for Sustainable Development. The recommendations were formally adopted in November 2008.
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| 22. |
- Harnesk, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Action research supported implementation of a crisis competence centre
- 2009
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Ingår i: ISCRAM 2009. - Göteborg. - 9789163346040
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a regional crisis competence centre in Sweden. The overall research approach utilizes action research methodology to support the development process. The overall development process is divided into three steps; early need finding, the organizational platform, and business development. This paper is devoted to the first phase - early need finding - which deals with the specific needs and demand of four municipality organizations and how these requirements can be converged into a organizational setting that correspond to national crisis management strategies as well as regional responsibilities in crisis management. The research approach is action based and the theoretical considerations to support progress in development activities are from the Actor Network Theory (ANT). The main conclusion from the research is that the formation of a crisis competence centre revolves around sharing competences, and compromising between internal and external objectives in the progress towards a common goal.
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| 23. |
- Harnesk, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-technical design approach for crisis management information systems
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. - : IGI Global. - 1937-9390 .- 1937-9420. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes research in progress of a design approach for crisis management information systems. A qualitative study was designed to gather data from four municipalities in northern Sweden, which all have responsibility for crisis management in each local environment. The purpose with the article is to discuss broad but strongly related information issues to crisis management and from that suggest a socio-technical oriented approach for crisis management information systems design. The preliminary design approach suggests that a network of knowledge, IT management and information integration is a promising base for design in the area. Considering that responsible actors in crisis environments have great knowledge in crisis planning and operation indicate that such an environment can be understood as a network of knowledge that account for both the social and technical dimension during crises. Theories from IT management and information integration provide input to the technical dimension of the suggested design approach.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ilinca, Andreea, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-Exome Sequencing in 22 Young Ischemic Stroke Patients With Familial Clustering of Stroke
- 2020
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Ingår i: Stroke. - 1524-4628. ; 51:4, s. 1056-1063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Backgrounds and Purpose- Although new methods for genetic analyses are rapidly evolving, there are currently knowledge gaps in how to detect Mendelian forms of stroke. Methods- We performed whole-exome sequencing in 22 probands, under 56 years at their first ischemic stroke episode, from multi-incident stroke families. With the use of a comprehensive stroke-gene panel, we searched for variants in stroke-related genes. The probands' clinical stroke subtype was related to clinical characteristics previously associated with pathogenic variants in these genes. Relatives were genotyped in 7 families to evaluate stroke-gene variants of unknown significance. In 2 larger families with embolic stroke of unknown source, whole-exome sequencing was performed in additional members to examine the possibility of identifying new stroke genes. Results- Six of 22 probands carried pathogenic or possibly pathogenic variants in genes reported to be associated with their stroke subtype. A known pathogenic variant in NOTCH3 and a possibly pathogenic variant in ACAD9 gene were identified. A novel JAK2:c.3188G>A (p.Arg1063His) mutation was seen in a proband with embolic stroke of undetermined source and prothrombotic status. However, penetrance in the family was incomplete. COL4A2:c.3368A>G (p.Glu1123Gly) was detected in 2 probands but did not cosegregate with the disease in their families. Whole-exome sequencing in multiple members of 2 pedigrees with embolic stroke of undetermined source revealed possibly pathogenic variants in genes not previously associated with stroke, GPR142:c.148C>G (p.Leu50Val), and PTPRN2:c.2416A>G (p.Ile806Val); LRRC1 c.808A>G (p.Ile270Val), SLC7A10c.1294dupG (p.Val432fs), IKBKB: c.1070C>T (p.Ala357Val), and OXGR1 c.392G>A (p.Arg131His), respectively. Conclusions- Screening with whole-exome sequencing using a comprehensive stroke-gene panel may identify rare monogenic forms of stroke, but careful evaluation of clinical characteristics and potential pathogenicity of novel variants remain important. In our study, the majority of individuals with familial aggregation of stroke lacked any identified genetic causes.
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| 26. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Altered chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of suicide attempters
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 38:6, s. 853-862
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemokines constitute a class of small inflammatory proteins that control the chemotaxis of leukocytes. They are also present in the central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to diverse physiological functions, such as the regulation of cell migration, axonal growth and neuronal survival. It is to date not known whether chemokines in the CNS are affected in psychiatric disorders. In this study, chemokine levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 137 psychiatric patients in conjunction to a suicide attempt, and 43 healthy controls. A subgroup of patients (n = 42) was followed up with blood samples 12 years after the initial CSF collection, when they did not show suicidal behavior. The follow-up chemokine levels were compared to those of psychiatric patients (n = 17) who had never attempted suicide. Ultrasensitive chemokine multiplex immunoassay was used to quantify eotaxin-1 (CCL11), interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10, CXCL10), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta, CCL4), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), MCP-4 (CCL13) and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC, CCL17). Patients were diagnosed using DSM-III-R/DSM-IV, and assessed using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), including subscales, and the Suicidal Intent Scale (SIS). CSF eotaxin-1, MIP-1 beta, MCP-1, MCP-4 and TARC were significantly lower in suicide attempters than in healthy controls. Low chemokine levels were specifically associated with psychotic symptoms and pain. In the samples collected at follow-up, TARC was significantly lower in suicide attempters compared to psychiatric patients who had never attempted suicide. We also found a positive correlation between blood TARC and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Our study thus provides evidence of reduced chemokine levels in suicide attempters, both in the acute suicidal setting, and at long-term, compared to non-attempters. These results warrant future studies on the detailed neurobiological functions of chemokines in psychiatric patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
- Johansson, John, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emission measurements of alkenes, alkanes, SO2, and NO2 from stationary sources in Southeast Texas over a 5 year period using SOF and mobile DOAS
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202 .- 2169-897X. ; 119:4, s. 1973-1991
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mobile platform for flux measurements of VOCs (alkanes and alkenes), SO2, and NO2 emissions using the Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) method and mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) was used in four different studies to measure industrial emissions. The studies were carried out in several large conglomerates of oil refineries and petrochemical industries in Southeast and East Texas in 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2012. The measured alkane emissions from the Houston Ship Channel (HSC) have been fairly stable between 2006 and 2011, averaging about 11,500kg/h, while the alkene emissions have shown greater variations. The ethene and propene emissions measured from the HSC were 1511kg/h and 878kg/h, respectively, in 2006, while dropping to roughly 600kg/h for both species in 2009 and 2011. The results were compared to annual inventory emissions, showing that measured VOC emissions were typically 5-15 times higher, while for SO2 and NO2 the ratio was typically 0.5-2. AP-42 emission factors were used to estimate meteorological effects on alkane emissions from tanks, showing that these emissions may have been up to 35-45% higher during the studies than the annual average. A more focused study of alkene emissions from a petrochemical complex in Longview in 2012 identified two upset episodes, and the elevation of the total emissions during the measurement period due to the upsets was estimated to be approximately 20%. Both meteorological and upset effects were small compared to the factor of 5-15, suggesting that VOC emissions are systematically and substantially underestimated in current emission inventories.
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| 28. |
- Johansson, John, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative measurements and modeling of industrial formaldehyde emissions in the Greater Houston area during campaigns in 2009 and 2011
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 119:7, s. 4303-4322
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sensitive Mobile differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system with real-time evaluation capability and HCHO detection limit of 3 ppb over 100 m has been developed. The system was operated together with a Solar Occultation Flux system for large-scale vertical flux measurements of HCHO, NO2, SO2, and VOCs in the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria area during two studies, in 2009 (Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors campaign) and in 2011 (Air Quality Research Program study). Both in 2009 and 2011, HCHO plumes from five separate local sources in Texas City, Mont Belvieu, and Houston Ship Channel (HSC) were repeatedly detected using Mobile DOAS with emissions varying between 6 and 40 kg/h. In many cases significant alkene emissions were detected simultaneously with the HCHO plumes. Furthermore, in 2011 two additional sources were observed in Texas City and in HSC, with 10 kg/h and 31 kg/h HCHO, respectively. A plume chemistry model was applied to 13 cases to investigate whether the detected HCHO was emitted directly from the industries or was produced by photochemical degradation of VOCs. The model results showed that on average 90% of the detected HCHO was of primary origin and the photochemical production contributed more than 10% in only three cases. Based on the repeatability, it is likely that the most significant HCHO sources in the area are included in this study with an overall emission of 120 kg/h. On a regional scale, this emission is small compared to the secondary HCHO formed from oxidation of reactive VOCs emitted from the same industries, estimated to be an order of magnitude higher.
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| 29. |
- Lindström, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Business continuity planning methodology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - : Emerald. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 19:2, s. 243-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a multi-usable business continuity planning methodology. It comprises business continuity planning on the organizational and departmental levels.Design/methodology/approach - The methodology has been developed, tested and confirmed in three comprehensive cases. Senior management, IT managers and employees in the three case organizations have participated in this action research effort during the development, implementation or training on business continuity plans and planning.Findings - The methodology has been tested and confirmed, and is suitable for explaining business continuity planning to senior managements and employees in both public and private sector organizations.Practical implications - The methodology description can be used for explaining the issues to senior managements and forms the foundation for a business continuity plan, which is part of an organization's IT- and information security program. It may also be used to explain business continuity planning to other staff in an organization. The methodology can also be used to model business continuity planning, as a basis for training planning, and as support in different training contexts to achieve individual and organizational learning on business continuity plans and activities.Originality/value - The methodology of using a staircase or capability maturity model is a commonly used concept and can be adapted to any organization.
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| 30. |
- Lindström, John, et al.
(författare)
-
The need for improved alignment between actability, strategic planning of IS and information security
- 2008
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Ingår i: 13th International ITA Workshop. ; , s. 14-27
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to high-light problems regarding user actability and security implementations – what are the important mechanisms that affect actability in usage situations? Alignment between actability and strategic IS-planning and security issues is of the essence. However, serious gaps in alignment have been identified concerning strategic IS-planning as well as in development or implementation of security controls, and selection and use of security standards. The analysis of the alignment gaps show that there is a need to bring in the users view on business requirements in IS, or rather what they need to be allowed to do - to be able to work efficiently.
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| 31. |
- Mellqvist, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
An uncertainty methodology for solar occultation flux measurements: ammonia emissions from livestock production
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 17:8, s. 2465-2479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia (NH3/ emissions can negatively affect ecosystems and human health, so they should be monitored and mitigated. This study presents methodology for the estimation of uncertainties in NH3 emissions measurements using the solar occultation flux (SOF) method. The reactive nature of NH3 makes its measurement challenging, but SOF offers a reliable open-path passive method which utilizes solar spectrum data, thereby avoiding gas adsorption within the instrument. To compute NH3 gas fluxes, horizontal and vertical wind speed profiles, as well as plume height estimates and spatially resolved column measurements, are integrated. A unique aspect of this work is the first-time description of plume height estimations derived from ground and column NH3 concentration measurements aimed at uncertainty reduction. Initial validation tests indicated measurement errors between -31 % and C14 % on average, which was slightly larger than the estimated expanded uncertainty ranging from ± 12 % to ± 17 %. Application of the methodology to assess emission rates from farms of various sizes showed uncertainties between ± 21 % and ± 37 %, generally influenced by systematic wind uncertainties and random errors. The method demonstrates the capacity to measure NH3 emissions from both small (~ 0.5 1 kg h-1/ and large (~ 100 kg h-1/ sources in high-density farming areas. Generally, the SOF method provided an expanded uncertainty below 30 % in measuring NH3 emissions from livestock production, which could be further improved by adhering to best application practices. This paper s findings offer the potential for broader applications, such as measuring NH3 fluxes from fertilized fields and in the oil and gas sector. However, these applications would require further research to adapt and refine the methodologies for these specific contexts.
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| 32. |
- Mellqvist, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurements of industrial emissions of alkenes in Texas using the solar occultation flux method
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar occultation flux (SOF) measurements of alkenes have been conducted to identify and quantify the largest emission sources in the vicinity of Houston and in SE Texas during September 2006 as part of the TexAQS 2006 campaign. The measurements have been compared to emission inventories and have been conducted in parallel with airborne plume studies. The SOF measurements show that the hourly gas emissions from the large petrochemical and refining complexes in the Houston Ship Channel area and Mount Belvieu during September 2006 corresponded to 1250 +/- 180 kg/h of ethene and 2140 +/- 520 kg/h of propene, with an estimated uncertainty of about 35%. This can be compared to the 2006 emission inventory value for ethene and propene of 145 +/- 4 and 181 +/- 42 kg/h, respectively. On average, for all measurements during the campaign, the discrepancy factor is 10.2(+ 8,-5) for ethene and 11.7(+ 7,-4) for propene. The largest emission source was Mount Belvieu, NE of the Houston Ship Channel, with ethene and propene emissions corresponding to 440 +/- 130 kg/h and 490 +/- 190 kg/h, respectively. Large variability of propene was observed from several petrochemical industries, for which the largest reported emission sources are flares. The SOF alkene emissions agree within 50% with emissions derived from airborne measurements at three different sites. The airborne measurements also provide support to the SOF error budget.
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| 33. |
- Mellqvist, Johan, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantification of Gas Emissions from Refineries, Gas Stations, Oil Wells and Agriculture using Optical Solar Occultation Flux and Tracer Correlation Methods
- 2016
-
Ingår i: AGU Fall meeting San Francisco Dec 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industrial volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions may contribute significantly to ozone formation. In order to investigate how much small sources contribute to the VOC concentrations in the Los Angeles metropolitan area a comprehensive emission study has been carried out on behalf of the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). VOC emissions from major sources such as refineries, oil wells, petrol stations oil depots and oil platforms were measured during September and October 2015 using several unique optical methods, including the Solar Occultation Flux method (SOF) and tracer correlation technique based on extractive FTIR and DOAS combined with an open path multi reflection cell. In addition, measurements of ammonia emissions from farming in Chino were demonstrated. The measurements in this study were quality assured by carrying out a controlled source gas release study and side by side measurements with several other techniques. The results from the field campaign show that the emissions from the above mentioned sources are largely underestimated in inventories with potential impact on the air quality in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The results show that oil and gas production is a very significant VOC emission source. In this presentation the techniques will be discussed together with the main results from the campaign including the quality assurance work.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Nilsson, John, et al.
(författare)
-
High HbA1c at onset cannot be used as a predictor for future metabolic control for the individual child with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 18:8, s. 848-852
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To study how metabolic control at onset of type 1 diabetes correlates to metabolic control and clinical parameters during childhood until transition from pediatric care to adult diabetes care.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data at onset, three months, one, three, and five years after diagnosis and at transition, on HbA1c and clinical parameters, on 8084 patients in the Swedish pediatric quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS, were used. Of these patients, 26% had been referred to adult diabetes care by 2014.RESULTS: Children with HbA1c < 72 mmol/mol (8.7%) (20% of patients, low group) at diagnosis continued to have good metabolic control during childhood, in contrast to children with HbA1c > 114 mmol/mol (12.6%) (20% of patients, high group) at diagnosis, who continued to have high HbA1c at follow-up. For the individual, there was no significant correlation between high HbA1c at onset and during follow-up. During follow-up, children in the high group were more often smokers, less physically active, and more often had retinopathy than children in the low group (P < .01, .01, .03 respectively).CONCLUSION: High HbA1c at onset was associated with high HbA1c during follow-up on a group level, but it cannot be used as a predictor of future metabolic control on an individual level. These results emphasize the important work done by the diabetes team in the first years after diagnosis. It is important to continuously set high goals for the achievement of tight metabolic control, in order to decrease the risk of microvascular complications.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Olson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Vocabulary and Reading Development
- 2011
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Ingår i: SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING. - : Taylor and Francis. - 1088-8438 .- 1532-799X. ; 15:1, s. 26-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic and environmental relations between vocabulary and reading skills were explored longitudinally from preschool through Grades 2 and 4. At preschool there were strong shared-environment and weak genetic influences on both vocabulary and print knowledge but substantial differences in their source. Separation of etiology for vocabulary and reading continued for word recognition and decoding through Grade 4, but genetic and environmental correlations between vocabulary and reading comprehension approached unity by Grade 4, when vocabulary and word recognition accounted for all of the genetic and shared environment influences on reading comprehension.
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| 39. |
- Padra, Médea, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter suis binding to carbohydrates on human and porcine gastric mucins and glycolipids occurs via two modes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Virulence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2150-5594 .- 2150-5608. ; 9:1, s. 898-918
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helicobacter suis colonizes the stomach of most pigs and is the most prevalent non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species found in the human stomach. In the human host, H. suis contributes to the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and MALT lymphoma, whereas in pigs it is associated with gastritis, decreased growth and ulcers. Here, we demonstrate that the level of H. pylori and H. suis binding to human and pig gastric mucins varies between individuals with species dependent specificity. The binding optimum of H. pylori is at neutral pH whereas that of H. suis has an acidic pH optimum, and the mucins that H. pylori bind to are different than those that H. suis bind to. Mass spectrometric analysis of mucin O-glycans from the porcine mucin showed that individual variation in binding is reflected by a difference in glycosylation; of 109 oligosaccharide structures identified, only 14 were present in all examined samples. H. suis binding to mucins correlated with glycans containing sulfate, sialic acid and terminal galactose. Among the glycolipids present in pig stomach, binding to lactotetraosylceramide (Gal beta 3GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta 4Glc beta 1Cer) was identified, and adhesion to Gal beta 3GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta 4Glc at both acidic and neutral pH was confirmed using other glycoconjugates. Together with that H. suis bound to DNA (used as a proxy for acidic charge), we conclude that H. suis has two binding modes: one to glycans terminating with Gal beta 3GlcNAc, and one to negatively charged structures. Identification of the glycan structures H. suis interacts with can contribute to development of therapeutic strategies alternative to antibiotics.
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| 40. |
- Pennay, Amy, et al.
(författare)
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“There’s a lot of stereotypes going on” : A cross-national qualitative analysis of the place of gender in declining youth drinking
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International journal of drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Significant declines in drinking among young people have been recorded in many high-income countries over the past 20 years. This analysis explored the role of gender – which we interpret as socially constructed and relational – to provide insight into whether and how gender might be implicated in declining youth drinking.Methods: Interview data from four independent qualitative studies from Australia, Denmark, Sweden and the UK (n=194; participants aged 15-19 years) were analysed by researchers in each country following agreement about analytical focus. Findings were collated by the lead author in a process of ‘qualitative synthesis’ which involved successive rounds of data synthesis and feedback from the broader research team.Findings: Our analysis raised two notable points in relation to the role of gender in declining youth drinking. The first concerned the consistency and vehemence across three of the countries at which drinkers and states of intoxication were pejoratively described in gendered terms (e.g., bitchy, sleazy). The second related to the opportunities non- and light-drinking offered for expressing alternate and desirable configurations of femininities and masculinities.Conclusions: We identified an intolerance towards regressive constructions of gender that emphasise weakness for women and strength for men and a valorisation of gendered expressions of maturity through controlled drinking. Though subtle differences in gendered drinking practices between and within countries were observed, our findings offer insight into how young people’s enactions of gender are embedded in, and evolve alongside, these large declines in youth drinking.
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| 41. |
- Pirinen, Aleksis, et al.
(författare)
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Aerial View Localization with Reinforcement Learning: Towards Emulating Search-and-Rescue
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate-induced disasters are and will continue to be on the rise, and thus search-and-rescue (SAR) operations, where the task is to localize and assist one or several people who are missing, become increasingly relevant. In many cases the rough location may be known and a UAV can be deployed to explore a given, confined area to precisely localize the missing people. Due to time and battery constraints it is often critical that localization is performed as efficiently as possible. In this work we approach this type of problem by abstracting it as an aerial view goal localization task in a framework that emulates a SAR-like setup without requiring access to actual UAVs. In this framework, an agent operates on top of an aerial image (proxy for a search area) and is tasked with localizing a goal that is described in terms of visual cues. To further mimic the situation on an actual UAV, the agent is not able to observe the search area in its entirety, not even at low resolution, and thus it has to operate solely based on partial glimpses when navigating towards the goal. To tackle this task, we propose AiRLoc, a reinforcement learning (RL)-based model that decouples exploration (searching for distant goals) and exploitation (localizing nearby goals). Extensive evaluations show that AiRLoc outperforms heuristic search methods as well as alternative learnable approaches, and that it generalizes across datasets, e.g. to disaster-hit areas without seeing a single disaster scenario during training. We also conduct a proof-of-concept study which indicates that the learnable methods outperform humans on average. Code and models have been made publicly available at https://github.com/aleksispi/airloc.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Priftakis, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Human polyomavirus DNA is not detected in Guthrie cards (dried blood spots) from children who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Medical and Pediatric Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0098-1532 .- 1096-911X. ; 40:4, s. 219-223
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Epidemiological evidence has suggested that some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be initiated in utero and may have an infectious etiology. The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) has been discussed as a candidate virus, but its presence has not been demonstrated in leukemia cells from children with ALL. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate if prenatal human polyomavirus infection could still indirectly be correlated to the development of childhood ALL. Procedure Fifty-four Guthrie cards (stored, dried blood spots filter papers, routinely collected from newborns for different screening analyses), collected at 3–5 days of age, from Swedish children who subsequently developed ALL, as well as from 37 healthy controls, were investigated by nested PCR for the presence of human polyomaviruses JCV and BK virus (BKV). Results JCV and BKV DNA were not detected in any of the Guthrie cards from ALL patients or from healthy controls, although all tested samples had amplifiable DNA as confirmed by an HLA DQ PCR. Conclusions JCV or BKV were not found in any of the dried blood spots of children who later developed ALL or in the healthy controls. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that childhood ALL is associated with an in utero infection with JCV or BKV, although it is not possible to exclude an association with an in utero infection that has become latent in the kidneys with very low levels of circulating virus at birth.
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| 44. |
- Renberg, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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A metabolomic approach to study major metabolite changes during acclimation to limiting CO2 in chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 154:1, s. 187-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-time of flight technique, we determined major metabolite changes during induction of the carbon-concentrating mechanism in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In total, 128 metabolites with significant differences between high-and low-CO2-grown cells were detected, of which 82 were wholly or partially identified, including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. In a 24-h time course experiment, we show that the amino acids serine and phenylalanine increase transiently while aspartate and glutamate decrease after transfer to low CO2. The biggest differences were typically observed 3 h after transfer to low-CO2 conditions. Therefore, we made a careful metabolomic examination at the 3-h time point, comparing low-CO2 treatment to high-CO2 control. Five metabolites involved in photorespiration, 11 amino acids, and one lipid were increased, while six amino acids and, interestingly, 21 lipids were significantly lower. Our conclusion is that the metabolic pattern during early induction of the carbon-concentrating mechanism fit a model where photorespiration is increasing.
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| 45. |
- Rutter, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2)
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty-three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range of hydrometeorological and forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) or depth were compared to observations at forest and open sites at each location. Precipitation phase and duration of above-freezing air temperatures are shown to be major influences on divergence and convergence of modeled estimates of the subcanopy snowpack. When models are considered collectively at all locations, comparisons with observations show that it is harder to model SWE at forested sites than open sites. There is no universal "best'' model for all sites or locations, but comparison of the consistency of individual model performances relative to one another at different sites shows that there is less consistency at forest sites than open sites, and even less consistency between forest and open sites in the same year. A good performance by a model at a forest site is therefore unlikely to mean a good model performance by the same model at an open site (and vice versa). Calibration of models at forest sites provides lower errors than uncalibrated models at three out of four locations. However, benefits of calibration do not translate to subsequent years, and benefits gained by models calibrated for forest snow processes are not translated to open conditions.
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| 46. |
- Samuelsson, Bo, 1942, et al.
(författare)
-
From Here to Sustainability – Is the Lisbon/Göteborg agenda delivering?
- 2004
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Executive Summary The European Councils held in Lisbon (2000) and in Göteborg (2001) gave the Union a new direction by establishing a long term strategy with sustainable development as the overarching objective. Sustainable development means, in this context, goals for economic, social and environmental policy, which are both mutually consistent and capable of delivering enhanced economic growth. To assure progress towards an agreed range of targets, the open method of coordination (OMC) has been adopted as the process for the implementation of the strategy. The strategy for sustainable development is a long-term one and, although the deadline originally set for the Lisbon agenda was 2010, it is clear that sustainable development has a much longer time-horizon and also that there is a global dimension to sustainable development, not just an EU one. In the run up to the mid-term review of the Lisbon strategy, this report by the European Panel for Sustainable Development, EPSD, offers an assessment of the EU approach to sustainable development. The report is based on official documents, research reports and background reports prepared by researchers from different disciplines. It concentrates on the EU-15 Member States, because the ten new members that acceded to the EU in May 2004 have not (yet!) been subject to the same commitments in relation to sustainable development. However, in future work by the EPSD, it is anticipated that the coverage will be extended to embrace all 25 Member States. The report starts with a discussion on the political process, followed by an examination of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the strategy, of the potential of new technologies, and of the results delivered by the Member States. The final chapters include discussions on impact assessment and the global dimension of sustainable development. The focus of the report is on: − The integration of the three dimensions of sustai nable development and the policies that affect them into one coherent strategy − The implementation of the strategy through the open method of co-ordination The main messages of the report are that it is vital to: • Maintain the original commitment to sustainable development as the overarching objective of the Lisbon strategy and improve the co-ordination between the three pillars of the strategy: the economic, social and environmental dimensions [...]
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| 47. |
- Samuelsson, John, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Autoimmune comorbidity in type 1 diabetes and its association with metabolic control and mortality risk in young people: a population-based study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : SPRINGER. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: This register-based study aimed to describe autoimmune comorbidity in children and young adults from type 1 diabetes onset, and to investigate whether such comorbidity was associated with a difference in HbA1c or mortality risk compared with children/young adults with type 1 diabetes without autoimmune comorbidity. Methods: A total of 15,188 individuals from the Swedish National Diabetes Register, registered with type 1 diabetes before 18 years of age between 2000 and 2019, were included. Five randomly selected control individuals from the Swedish population (Statistics Sweden) were matched to each individual with type 1 diabetes (n=74,210 [346 individuals with type 1 diabetes were not found in the Statistics Sweden register at the date of type 1 diabetes diagnosis, so could not be matched to control individuals]). The National Patient Register was used to attain ICD-10 codes on autoimmune diseases and the Cause of Death Register was used to identify deceased individuals. Results: In the total type 1 diabetes cohort, mean±SD age at onset of type 1 diabetes was 9.5±4.4 years and mean disease duration at end of follow-up was 8.8±5.7 years. Of the individuals with type 1 diabetes, 19.2% were diagnosed with at least one autoimmune disease vs 4.0% of the control group. The HRs for comorbidities within 19 years from onset of type 1 diabetes were 11.6 (95% CI 10.6, 12.6) for coeliac disease, 10.6 (95% CI 9.6, 11.8) for thyroid disease, 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.6) for psoriasis, 4.1 (95% CI 3.2, 5.3) for vitiligo, 1.7 (95% CI 1.4, 2.2) for rheumatic joint disease, 1.0 (95% CI 0.8, 1.3) for inflammatory bowel disease, 1.0 (95% CI 0.7, 1.2) for systemic connective tissue disorder, 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9) for uveitis, 18.3 (95% CI 8.4, 40.0) for Addison’s disease, 1.8 (95% CI 0.9, 3.6) for multiple sclerosis, 3.7 (95% CI 1.6, 8.7) for inflammatory liver disease and 19.6 (95% CI 4.2, 92.3) for atrophic gastritis. Autoimmune disease in addition to type 1 diabetes had no statistically significant effect on HbA1c or mortality risk. Conclusions/interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study where young individuals with type 1 diabetes were followed regarding development of a wide spectrum of autoimmune diseases, from onset of type 1 diabetes. In this nationwide and population-based study, there was already a high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in childhood, especially coeliac and thyroid disease. The presence of autoimmune comorbidity did not have a statistically significant effect on metabolic control or mortality risk. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 48. |
- Samuelsson, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Breaking axi-symmetry in stenotic flow lowers the critical transition Reynolds number
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow through a sinuous stenosis with varying degrees of non-axisymmetric shape variations and at Reynolds numberranging from 250 to 750 is investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and global linear stability analysis. At low Reynolds numbers (Re < 390), the flow is always steady and symmetric for an axisymmetric geometry. Two steady state solutions are obtained when the Reynolds number is increased: a symmetric steady state and an eccentric, non-axisymmetric steady state. Either one can be obtained in the DNS depending on the initial condition. A linear global stability analysis around the symmetric and non-axisymmetric steady state reveals that both flows are linearly stable for the same Reynolds number, showing that the first bifurcation from symmetry to antisymmetry is subcritical. When the Reynolds number is increased further, the symmetric state becomes linearly unstable to an eigenmode, which drives the flow towards the non-axisymmetric state. The symmetric state remains steady up to Re = 713, while the non-axisymmetric state displays regimes of periodic oscillations for Re ≥ 417 and intermittency for Re ≳ 525. Further, an offset of the stenosis throat is introduced through the eccentricity parameter E. When eccentricity is increased from zero to only 0.3% of the pipe diameter, the bifurcation Reynolds number decreases by more than 50%, showing that it is highly sensitive to non-axisymmetric shape variations. Based on the resulting bifurcation map and its dependency on E, we resolve the discrepancies between previous experimental and computational studies. We also present excellent agreement between our numerical results and previous experimental results.
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| 49. |
- Samuelsson, John, 1981-
(författare)
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Metabolic Control, Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes with Onset in Childhood/Adolescence
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study mortality in individuals with onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in childhood and adolescence in Sweden, related to clinical characteristics such as metabolic control in childhood/adolescence and comorbidity. Methods: All studies in this thesis were register-based observational studies using a nationwide and population-based quality register, the paediatric part of the Swe-dish National Diabetes Register (NDR), for identification and collection of clinical data of individuals with T1D diagnosed before 18 years of age. Study I included 8084 individuals between 2000 and 2014, and compared these during follow-up based on HbA1c at onset of T1D. In studies II and IV 16,537 individuals with T1D registered from 2000 to 2014 were identified. This population was merged with the Swedish Cause of Death register (CDR) to identify deceased individuals during the study period and retrieve causes of death. In study II, the study period was set between 2006 and 2014, including 12,652 individuals. Standardised mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated using data from the Swedish population register. Study III included 15,188 individuals with onset of T1D between 2000 and 2019. Five randomly selected control individuals from the Swedish population were matched to each individual with T1D. These cohorts were linked to the National Patient Register to retrieve ICD codes on autoimmune diseases (AIDs), and to the CDR to identify deceased individuals. Medical records were retrieved from treating clinics for all de-ceased individuals in study IV. Results: Individuals in the highest quintile of HbA1c at onset of T1D (>114 mmol/mol) had higher HbA1c during follow-up compared to the lowest quintile (<72 mmol/mol) at onset, but there was no significant correlation between individual HbA1c at onset and during follow-up. In study II, 68 individuals were identified as deceased, of which almost 40% died due to diabetes, mainly caused by acute complications. The overall SMR was 2.7 per 1000 person-year. Those who died due to diabetes had significantly elevated HbA1c in childhood compared to those who died from other causes or were still alive. In study III, almost 20% of individuals with T1D developed at least one other AID. Coeliac disease was the most common followed by thyroid disease. Individuals with an additional AID did not have worse outcome in terms of metabolic control or mortality risk. In study IV, after review, 72 individuals had information in the medical records which was possible to evaluate regarding cause of death. Hypoglycaemia was the cause of death in two individuals (2.8%) and ketoacidosis in eight individuals (11.1%). In 16 (22.2%) individuals with cause of death due to diabetes with coma, no conclusion on whether death was caused by hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis could be drawn. HbA1c was significantly elevated both in childhood and in the last year before death in medical records in those deceased due to diabetes. Conclusions: High HbA1c at onset of T1D cannot be used as a predictor of future metabolic control in the individual child or adolescent. Children and adolescents with high HbA1c in childhood have an increased risk of premature mortality, mainly due to acute complications of T1D. Hypoglycaemia was uncommon as a cause of death, contributing for certain to only 2.8 % of the mortality. Individuals with T1D have a high risk of developing other AIDs from the onset of diabetes; however such comorbidity was not associated with worse outcome in terms of metabolic control or mortality risk.
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- Samuelsson, Jerker, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of VOC emissions using tracer dispersion, Mobile Extractive FTIR (MEFTIR) and Mobile Whitecell-DOAS (MWDOAS)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's Annual Conference and Exhibition, AWMA. - 1052-6102. - 9781510815582 ; 3, s. 2310-2317
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of Mobile Extractive FTIR and Mobile Whitecell Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy to establish VOC emission factors for tank filling operations and for discharge of petroleum products to trucks and vessels is described. An example of VOC emissions related to discharge of gasoline to trucks at a depot, which was connected to vapor recovery unit, is presented. Discharge of gasoline to ships was found to have an alkane (CH4 emission factor of about 5x10-5 kg emitted VOC/kg discharged product, comparable to the corresponding for trucks. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 108th AWMA Annual Conference and Exhibition (Raleigh, NC 6/22-25/2015).
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