| 1. |
- Geyer, Holly L., et al.
(författare)
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Associations between gender, disease features and symptom burden in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms : an analysis by the MPN QOL International Working Group
- 2017
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 102:1, s. 85-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The myeloproliferative neoplasms, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis, are distinguished by their debilitating symptom profiles, life-threatening complications and profound impact on quality of life. The role gender plays in the symptomatology of myeloproliferative neoplasms remains under-investigated. In this study we evaluated how gender relates to patients' characteristics, disease complications and overall symptom expression. A total of 2,006 patients (polycythemia vera=711, essential thrombocythemia=830, myelofibrosis=460, unknown=5) were prospectively evaluated, with patients completing the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm-Symptom Assessment Form and Brief Fatigue Inventory Patient Reported Outcome tools. Information on the individual patients' characteristics, disease complications and laboratory data was collected. Consistent with known literature, most female patients were more likely to have essential thrombocythemia (48.6% versus 33.0%; P<0.001) and most male patients were more likely to have polycythemia vera (41.8% versus 30.3%; P<0.001). The rate of thrombocytopenia was higher among males than females (13.9% versus 8.2%; P<0.001) and males also had greater red-blood cell transfusion requirements (7.3% versus 4.9%; P=0.02) with shorter mean disease duration (6.4 versus 7.2 years, P=0.03). Despite there being no statistical differences in risk scores, receipt of most therapies or prior complications (hemorrhage, thrombosis), females had more severe and more frequent symptoms for most individual symptoms, along with overall total symptom score (22.8 versus 20.3; P<0.001). Females had particularly high scores for abdominal-related symptoms (abdominal pain/discomfort) and microvascular symptoms (headache, fatigue, insomnia, concentration difficulties, dizziness; all P<0.01). Despite complaining of more severe symptom burden, females had similar quality of life scores to those of males. The results of this study suggest that gender contributes to the heterogeneity of myeloproliferative neoplasms by influencing phenotypic profiles and symptom expression.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Geyer, Holly, et al.
(författare)
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Symptomatic Profiles of Patients With Polycythemia Vera : Implications of Inadequately Controlled Disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 34:2, s. 151-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) associated with disabling symptoms and a heightened risk of life-threatening complications. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of JAK inhibitor therapy in patients with PV patients who have a history of prior hydroxyurea (HU) use (including resistance or intolerance), phlebotomy requirements, and palpable splenomegaly. We aimed to determine how these features contribute alone and in aggregate to the PV symptom burden.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through prospective evaluation of 1,334 patients with PV who had characterized symptom burden, we assessed patient demographics, laboratory data, and the presence of splenomegaly by disease feature (ie, known HU use, known phlebotomy requirements, splenomegaly).RESULTS: The presence of each feature in itself is associated with a moderately high symptom burden (MPN symptom assessment form [SAF] total symptom score [TSS] range, 27.7 to 29.2) that persists independent of PV risk category. In addition, symptoms incrementally increase in severity with the addition of other features. Patients with PV who had all three features (PV-HUPS) faced the highest total score (MPN-SAF TSS, 32.5) but had similar individual symptom scores to patients with known HU use (PV-HU), known phlebotomy (PV-P), and splenomegaly (PV-S).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that patients with PV who have any one of the features in question (known HU use, known phlebotomy, or splenomegaly) have significant PV-associated symptoms. Furthermore, it demonstrates that many PV symptoms remain severe independent of the number of features present.
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| 4. |
- Scotch, Allison H, et al.
(författare)
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Symptom burden profile in myelofibrosis patients with thrombocytopenia : Lessons and unmet needs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Leukemia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0145-2126 .- 1873-5835. ; 63, s. 34-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with progressive cytopenias and high symptom burden. MF patients with thrombocytopenia have poor prognosis but the presence of thrombocytopenia frequently precludes the use of JAK2 inhibitors. In this study, we assessed quality of life and symptom burden in 418 MF patients with (n = 89) and without (n = 329) thrombocytopenia using prospective data from the MPN-QOL study group database, including the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF) and Total Symptom Score (MPN10). Thrombocytopenia, defined as platelet count < 100 x10(9)/L (moderate 51-100 x 10(9)/L; severe <= 50 x10(9)/L), was associated with anemia (76% vs. 45%, p < 0.001), leukopenia (29% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), and need for red blood cell transfusion (35% vs. 19%, p = 0.002). Thrombocytopenic patients had more fatigue, early satiety, inactivity, dizziness, sad mood, cough, night sweats, itching, fever, and weight loss; total symptom scores were also higher (33 vs. 24, p < 0.001). Patients with severe thrombocytopenia were more likely to have anemia (86% vs. 67%, p = 0.04), leukopenia (40% vs. 20%, p = 0.04), and transfusion requirements (51% vs. 20%, p = 0.002) but few differences in symptoms when compared to patients with moderate thrombocytopenia. These results suggest that MF patients with thrombocytopenia experience greater symptomatic burden than MF patients without thrombocytopenia and may benefit from additional therapies.
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| 5. |
- Emanuel, Robyn M, et al.
(författare)
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Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN) Symptom Assessment Form Total Symptom Score : Prospective International Assessment of an Abbreviated Symptom Burden Scoring System Among Patients With MPNs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 30:33, s. 4098-4103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) symptoms are troublesome to patients, and alleviation of this burden represents a paramount treatment objective in the development of MPN-directed therapies. We aimed to assess the utility of an abbreviated symptom score for the most pertinent and representative MPN symptoms for subsequent serial use in assessing response to therapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form total symptom score (MPN-SAF TSS) was calculated as the mean score for 10 items from two previously validated scoring systems. Questions focus on fatigue, concentration, early satiety, inactivity, night sweats, itching, bone pain, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, and fevers.RESULTS MPN-SAF TSS was calculable for 1,408 of 1,433 patients with MPNs who had a mean score of 21.2 (standard deviation [SD], 16.3). MPN-SAF TSS results significantly differed among MPN disease subtypes (P < .001), with a mean of 18.7 (SD, 15.3), 21.8 (SD, 16.3), and 25.3 (SD, 17.2) for patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis, respectively. The MPN-SAF TSS strongly correlated with overall quality of life (QOL; r = 0.59; P < .001) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) functional scales (all P < .001 and absolute r ≥ 0.50 except social functioning r = 0.48). No significant trends were present when comparing therapy subgroups. The MPN-SAF TSS had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .83). Factor analysis identified a single underlying construct, indicating that the MPN-SAF TSS is an appropriate, unified scoring method.CONCLUSIONThe MPN-SAF TSS is a concise, valid, and accurate assessment of MPN symptom burden with demonstrated clinical utility in the largest prospective MPN symptom study to date. This new prospective scoring method may be used to assess MPN symptom burden in both clinical practice and trial settings.
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| 6. |
- Fytagoridis, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Surgical Replacement of Implantable Pulse Generator in Deep Brain Stimulation : Adverse Events and Risk Factors in a Multicenter Cohort
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. - : S. Karger AG. - 1011-6125 .- 1423-0372. ; 94:4, s. 235-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a growing treatment modality, and most DBS systems require replacement of the implantable pulse generator (IPG) every few years. The literature regarding the potential impact of adverse events of IPG replacement on the longevity of DBS treatments is rather scarce. Objective: To investigate the incidence of adverse events, including postoperative infections, associated with IPG replacements in a multicenter cohort. Methods: The medical records of 808 patients from one Australian and five Swedish DBS centers with a total of 1,293 IPG replacements were audited. A logistic regression model was used to ascertain the influence of possible predictors on the incidence of adverse events. Results: The overall incidence of major infections was 2.3% per procedure, 3.7% per patient and 1.7% per replaced IPG. For 28 of 30 patients this resulted in partial or complete DBS system removal. There was an increased risk of infection for males (OR 3.6, p = 0.026), and the risk of infection increased with the number of prior IPG replacements (OR 1.6, p < 0.005). Conclusions: The risk of postoperative infection with DBS IPG replacement increases with the number of previous procedures. There is a need to reduce the frequency of IPG replacements.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Abelsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with polycythemia vera have worst impairment of quality of life among patients with newly diagnosed myeloproliferative neoplasms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 54:10, s. 2226-2230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of life (QoL) at the time of diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) has, to date, not been studied. One hundred and seventy-nine patients with MPN: 80 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 73 with polycythemia vera (PV), 22 with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and four with MPN undifferentiated, were included in this study. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQC30) and the MPN-Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF) were used to evaluate QoL. Fatigue was the most reported symptom in these patients. Patients with PV reported significantly higher mean scores for inactivity, dizziness, cough, itching, depression and lower total QoL compared to patients with ET. Patients with PV had significantly more headache and itching compared to patients with PMF. When the newly diagnosed patients with MPN were compared with a cohort of patients with MPN with mean disease duration of 7.8 years, the differences were most striking for patients with PMF, with significantly more fatigue, abdominal discomfort, concentration problems, insomnia, fever, weight loss and lower overall QoL developed over time.
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| 12. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-
(författare)
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Den dokumentvillkorade garantin
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den dokumentvillkorade garantin, som i praktiken vanligen betecknas som självständig, känneteck-nas av att villkoren i utfästelsen väsentligen endast innefattar villkor som refererar till att vissa angivna dokument presenteras för garanten. Dokumentvillkorade garantier förekommer vanligtvis i avtalsstrukturer som involverar ett flertal olika avtal och parter. De typer av avtal som omfattas av sådana avtalsstrukturer ger upphov till speciella rättsliga frågor. Avhandlingen belyser ett antal sådana frågor ur ett svenskt perspektiv, genom att beskriva rättsnormers utformning och tillämpning på olika typer av fall. Särskild vikt läggs vid att upprätthålla ett språkbruk som möjliggör att detta sker på ett motsägelsefritt och rättvisande sätt.En fråga av grundläggande betydelse är hur garantier kan klassificeras på ett sätt som bidrar till att besvara nyss nämnda typ av frågor. En sådan klassifikation, baserad på garantiers innehåll, klargör vad som skiljer den dokumentvillkorade garantin från andra typer av garantier. När det gäller den rättsliga relationen mellan parterna till ett avtal i vilket det föreskrivs att den ena parten, gäldenären, ska låta ombesörja att det ställs ut en garanti till motparten, berörs i synnerhet frågan under vilka omständigheter motparten är fri att begära fullgörelse av garantin och frågan under vilka omständigheter det uppkommer en återkravsrätt för gäldenären gentemot motparten (beneficienten). I fråga om den rättsliga relationen mellan garanten och beneficienten behandlas särskilt frågorna hur man genom tolkning avgör om en garanti är dokumentvillkorad eller inte, hur dokumentvillkoren i en dokumentvillkorad garanti ska tolkas och i vilken mån det finns speciella rättsnormer tillämpliga på dokumentvillkorade garantier. Ytterligare en fråga rör tillämpningen av den tvingande regeln om rättsmissbruk, enligt vilken beneficienten saknar rätt till fullgörelse av garanten om det föreligger rättsmissbruk. Såvitt avser den rättsliga relationen mellan uppdragsgivare och uppdragstagare i uppdrag som relaterar till utfärdandet av en dokumentvillkorad garanti berörs i synnerhet frågan under vilka omständigheter en uppdragstagare har regressrätt gentemot sin uppdragsgivare. En fråga av allmän betydelse är vad som i olika avseenden krävs för att intresset av att uppdragstagare till sådana uppdrag inte ska ha incitament att undersöka svårbedömda omständigheter ska tillgodoses.
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| 13. |
- Ahlund, Mikael, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Prerafaeliterna
- 2009
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Almström, Peter, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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How to improve productivity by 160%
- 2014
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Ingår i: The sixth Swedish Production Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large capacity increase potential in Swedish industry through increasing productivity of existing resources without investing in more machines or personnel. This article presents a case study where the capacity could increase more than 160% percent. This was proven by a test in running production. This tremendous increase was made possible through standardization and time setting of all work tasks. A new scheduling system was made up of product activity sequences based on a vast library of over 800 standardized generic activities.
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| 15. |
- Annby-Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Maxwell's demon in a double quantum dot with continuous charge detection
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950. ; 101:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Converting information into work has, during the past decade, gained renewed interest as it gives insight into the relation between information theory and thermodynamics. Here, we theoretically investigate an implementation of Maxwell's demon in a double quantum dot and demonstrate how heat can be converted into work using only information. This is accomplished by continuously monitoring the charge state of the quantum dots and transferring electrons against a voltage bias using a feedback scheme. We investigate the electrical work produced by the demon and find a non-Gaussian work distribution. To illustrate the effect of a realistic charge detection scheme, we develop a model taking into account noise as well as a finite delay time and show that an experimental realization is feasible with present day technology. Depending on the accuracy of the measurement, the system is operated as an implementation of Maxwell's demon or a single-electron pump.
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| 16. |
- Annby-Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Fokker-Planck Master Equation for Continuous Feedback Control
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007. ; 129:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement and feedback control are essential features of quantum science, with applications ranging from quantum technology protocols to information-to-work conversion in quantum thermodynamics. Theoretical descriptions of feedback control are typically given in terms of stochastic equations requiring numerical solutions, or are limited to linear feedback protocols. Here we present a formalism for continuous quantum measurement and feedback, both linear and nonlinear. Our main result is a quantum Fokker-Planck master equation describing the joint dynamics of a quantum system and a detector with finite bandwidth. For fast measurements, we derive a Markovian master equation for the system alone, amenable to analytical treatment. We illustrate our formalism by investigating two basic information engines, one quantum and one classical.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bateman, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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RNAcentral: A vision for an international database of RNA sequences.
- 2011
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Ingår i: RNA (New York, N.Y.). - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1469-9001 .- 1355-8382. ; 17:11, s. 1941-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade there has been a great increase in the number of noncoding RNA genes identified, including new classes such as microRNAs and piRNAs. There is also a large growth in the amount of experimental characterization of these RNA components. Despite this growth in information, it is still difficult for researchers to access RNA data, because key data resources for noncoding RNAs have not yet been created. The most pressing omission is the lack of a comprehensive RNA sequence database, much like UniProt, which provides a comprehensive set of protein knowledge. In this article we propose the creation of a new open public resource that we term RNAcentral, which will contain a comprehensive collection of RNA sequences and fill an important gap in the provision of biomedical databases. We envision RNA researchers from all over the world joining a federated RNAcentral network, contributing specialized knowledge and databases. RNAcentral would centralize key data that are currently held across a variety of databases, allowing researchers instant access to a single, unified resource. This resource would facilitate the next generation of RNA research and help drive further discoveries, including those that improve food production and human and animal health. We encourage additional RNA database resources and research groups to join this effort. We aim to obtain international network funding to further this endeavor.
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| 19. |
- Battista, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for nonlocal electron-hole turnstile in the quantum Hall regime
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 83:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theory for a mesoscopic turnstile that produces spatially separated streams of electrons and holes along edge states in the quantum Hall regime. For a broad range of frequencies in the nonadiabatic regime the turnstile operation is found to be ideal, producing one electron and one hole per cycle. The accuracy of the turnstile operation is characterized by the fluctuations of the transferred charge per cycle. The fluctuations are found to be negligibly small in the ideal regime.
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| 20. |
- Battista, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum Heat Fluctuations of Single-Particle Sources
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 110:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal single electron sources emit regular streams of particles, displaying no low-frequency charge current noise. Because of the wave packet nature of the emitted particles, the energy is, however, fluctuating, giving rise to heat current noise. We investigate theoretically this quantum source of heat noise for an emitter coupled to an electronic probe in the hot-electron regime. The distribution of temperature and potential fluctuations induced in the probe is shown to provide direct information on the single-particle wave function properties and display strong nonclassical features. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.126602
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| 21. |
- Battista, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral distribution and wave function of electrons emitted from a single-particle source in the quantum Hall regime
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 85:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate theoretically a scheme for spectroscopy of electrons emitted by an on-demand single-particle source. The total system, with an electron turnstile source and a single-level quantum dot spectrometer, is implemented with edge states in a conductor in the quantum Hall regime. Employing a Floquet scattering approach, the source and the spectrometer are analyzed within a single theoretical framework. The nonequilibrium distribution of the emitted electrons is analyzed via the direct current at the dot spectrometer. In the adiabatic and intermediate source frequency regimes, the distribution is found to be strongly peaked around the active resonant level of the turnstile. At high frequencies the distribution is split up into a set of fringes, resulting from the interplay of resonant transport through the turnstile and absorption or emission of individual Floquet quanta. For ideal source operation, with exactly one electron emitted per cycle, an expression for the single-electron wave function is derived.
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| 22. |
- Battista, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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Statistics of temperature and potential fluctuations induced by coherent single particle sources
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 22nd International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prospect of time controlled information processing with individual electrons in nanoscale systems provides strong motivation for investigations of coupled charge and energy transport properties of single electron sources. Building on our recent work [F. Battista et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 126602 (2013)] we investigate theoretically the statistical properties of temperature and potential fluctuations in an electronic probe coupled to a generic single electron source. A detailed derivation of the cumulant generating function of the joint probability distribution is presented. Moreover, the probability distribution in stationary phase approximation is analysed.
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| 23. |
- Bergenfeldt, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Microwave-Cavity Heat Engine
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 112:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose and analyze the use of hybrid microwave cavities as quantum heat engines. A possible realization consists of two macroscopically separated quantum-dot conductors coupled capacitively to the fundamental mode of a microwave cavity. We demonstrate that an electrical current can be induced in one conductor through cavity-mediated processes by heating up the other conductor. The heat engine can reach Carnot efficiency with optimal conversion of heat to work. When the system delivers the maximum power, the efficiency can be a large fraction of the Carnot efficiency. The heat engine functions even with moderate electronic relaxation and dephasing in the quantum dots. We provide detailed estimates for the electrical current and output power using realistic parameters.
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| 24. |
- Bergenfeldt, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave quantum optics and electron transport through a metallic dot strongly coupled to a transmission line cavity
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 85:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate theoretically the properties of the photon state and the electronic transport in a system consisting of a metallic quantum dot strongly coupled to a superconducting microwave transmission line cavity. Within the framework of circuit quantum electrodynamics, we derive a Hamiltonian for arbitrary strong capacitive coupling between the dot and the cavity. The dynamics of the system is described by a quantum master equation, accounting for the electronic transport as well as the coherent, nonequilibrium properties of the photon state. The photon state is investigated, focusing on, for a single active mode, signatures of microwave polaron formation and the effects of a nonequilibrium photon distribution. For two active photon modes, the intermode conversion and polaron coherences are investigated. For the electronic transport, electrical current and noise through the dot and the influence of the photon state on the transport properties are at the focus. We identify clear transport signatures due to the nonequilibrium photon population, in particular the emergence of superpoissonian shot noise at ultrastrong dot-cavity couplings.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergenfeldt, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlocal transport properties of nanoscale conductor-microwave cavity systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 87:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experimental progress in coupling nanoscale conductors to superconducting microwave cavities has opened up for transport investigations of the deep quantum limit of light-matter interactions, with tunneling electrons strongly coupled to individual cavity photons. We have investigated theoretically the most basic cavity-conductor system with strong, single photon induced nonlocal transport effects: two spatially separated double quantum dots (DQDs) resonantly coupled to the fundamental cavity mode. The system, described by a generalized Tavis-Cummings model, is investigated within a quantum master equation formalism, allowing us to account for both the electronic transport properties through the DQDs as well as the coherent, nonequilibrium cavity photon state. We find sizable nonlocally induced current and current cross-correlations mediated by individual photons. From a full statistical description of the electron transport we further reveal a dynamical channel blockade in one DQD lifted by photon emission due to tunneling through the other DQD. Moreover, large entanglement between the orbital states of electrons in the two DQDs is found for small DQD-lead temperatures.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bernardo, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Combined solar and membrane drying technologies for sustainable fruit preservation in low-income countries – prototype development, modelling, and testing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-1131. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation consisted of developing and evaluating solar dryers together with semi-permeable membrane pouches for drying juicy fruits in low-income tropical countries. Two design iterations were carried out including prototype modelling and testing. The latest developed solar dryers were a passive and an active solar dryer. Modelling was initially carried out mathematically using an equation solver software followed by computational fluid dynamics. Preliminary measurements were carried out on a small-scale solar dryer. Thereafter, full-scale models were developed and tested, both in laboratory and in real conditions in Mozambique. Results from modelling were validated against measurements in laboratory in Sweden and field trials in Mozambique. Prototype building and testing in Mozambique was undertaken in collaboration with local farmers and a university. Measurement results show that the dryers help to prevent microbial growth through increased temperatures. The drying flux was increased by 50% for the passive, and by 100% for the active solar dryers compared to the ambient controls that did not use a solar dryer. The total drying time was below four days for all pouches in the dryers. The active solar dryer was shown to have the shortest drying time and the highest capacity (more pouches) but also the highest costs. Mould growth and juice fermentation were observed on control pouches drying in open air. These problems were solved with the use of solar dryer technology. However, some challenges with the membrane pouches require further development including degradation of the membrane when exposed to direct sunlight.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Berntsson, Thore, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Pulp Mill Biorefineries
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wooden biomass resources have provided the basis for significant industrial activities in Sweden for more than a century. Sawn timber products and pulp and paper have dominated the use of wooden raw material for a long time, but its use for energy purposes has grown stronger during the last decades. The expansion of biomass-based combined heat and power generation is the principal example. During the last decade the climate issue has evoked the interest of producing renewable motor fuels from wood biomass, a research area, which has received increased attention for the research agenda of the Swedish Energy Agency.The development has raised questions regarding competition for raw material, production efficiency and industrial development and consequently how the raw material can be utilised in the best way for various applications. In this context, the interest has grown how various products can be manufactured within different kinds of industrial combines. Terminology differs in the literature. Terms like energy combines, bio combines, biorefineries are mentioned and this reflects the growing interest for this area but also the lack of definitions for these concepts.In the years 2005-2006 the project P22400-1,”Swedish Pulp Mill Bio Refineries” was carried out at Chalmers Institute of Technology. The final report of the project was considered to be of interest for a wider group of people and the Swedish Energy Agency has therefore decided to publish it in its report series.The project contains a literature review of projects relating to biorefineries, which have been conducted during the decade 1996-2005. The report is delimited to pulp plants as the basis for the biorefinery.The report is written in English and is intended for decision makers, governmental agencies, researchers, consultants and other stakeholders, with an interest in this field.The principal author of the report is professor Thore Berntsson, Chalmers Institute of Technology. In addition, Peter Axegård, Birgit Backlund, Åsa Samuelsson, Niklas Berglin and Karin Lindgren at STFI-Packforsk have also contributed to the report.Birgitta Palmberger
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Bioolja från befintliga kraftvärmeverk-en systemstudie : Sammanfattning av ett forskningssamarbete mellan Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Karlstad universitet och Kraftringen Energi
- 2021. - Rapport 123
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Samhällets pågående omställning mot minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser kräver bland annat stora mängder fasta biobränslen och flytande biodrivmedel. Den svenska biobränslepotentialen domineras av bi- och restprodukter från skogen, som sågspån från sågverken och grenar och toppar (sk grot) från avverkning av skog. Att omvandla trä till flytande bränslen med hög omvandlingseffektivitet är utmanande, och kräver kommersialisering av ny och innovativ teknik. Behovet av flytande biodrivmedel i transportsektorn har därför hittills framför allt tillgodosetts genom import. Ett utökat och resurseffektivt utnyttjande av den inhemska potentialen av biomassa från skogen skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent i att nå både målet om ett fossilfritt samhälle och mål om miljömässig hållbarhet och spårbarhet för råvaran. Kraftvärmesektorn är i stora delar redan fossilfri och hanterar redan idag inhemska fasta bio-bränslen från skogen. I befintliga kraftvärmeverk finns potential för ökad nyttjandegrad av anläggningen, en befintlig infrastruktur för bränslehantering och möjlighet till värmeavsättning i fjärrvärmenät. Detta skapar förutsättningar för att i tillägg till el och värme komplettera med processer för produktion av flytande energibärare från inhemska, spårbara och hållbara biobränslen från skogen.I denna skrift sammanfattas ett forskningsprojekt där möjligheten att vidareutveckla en befintlig kraftvärmeanläggning genom integrerad produktion av pyrolysolja undersökts. Vi har ställt oss frågor som: Kan vi åstadkomma inhemsk produktion av flytande bränsle från skogsbaserade fasta biobränslen genom att kraftvärmeproduktion kombineras med pyrolysoljeproduktion? Kan detta förbättra konkurrenskraften för kraftvärmeverket vid ett framtida vikande behov av fjärrvärme inom bostadssektorn? Vad innebär möjligheten att bli producent av pyrolysolja både för egen förbrukning och för andra marknader som transportsektorn, för kraftvärmeverket och för klimatet?
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| 33. |
- Brange, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Minimal Entanglement Witness from Electrical Current Correlations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite great efforts, an unambiguous demonstration of entanglement of mobile electrons in solid state conductors is still lacking. Investigating theoretically a generic entangler-detector setup, we here show that a witness of entanglement between two flying electron qubits can be constructed from only two current cross correlation measurements, for any nonzero detector efficiencies and noncollinear polarization vectors. We find that all entangled pure states, but not all mixed ones, can be detected with only two measurements, except the maximally entangled states, which require three. Moreover, detector settings for optimal entanglement witnessing are presented.
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| 34. |
- Brange, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale quantum calorimetry with electronic temperature fluctuations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motivated by the recent development of fast and ultrasensitive thermometry in nanoscale systems, we investigate quantum calorimetric detection of individual heat pulses in the sub-meV energy range. We propose a hybrid superconducting injector-calorimeter setup, with the energy of injected pulses carried by tunneling electrons. It is shown that the superconductor constitutes a versatile injector, with tunable tunnel rates and energies. Treating all heat transfer events microscopically, we analyze the statistics of the calorimeter temperature fluctuations and derive conditions for an accurate measurement of the heat pulse energies. Our results pave the way for fundamental quantum thermodynamics experiments, including calorimetric detection of single microwave photons.
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| 35. |
- Brange, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Subdecoherence Time Generation and Detection of Orbital Entanglement in Quantum Dots
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent experiments have demonstrated subdecoherence time control of individual single-electron orbital qubits. Here we propose a quantum-dot-based scheme for generation and detection of pairs of orbitally entangled electrons on a time scale much shorter than the decoherence time. The electrons are entangled, via two-particle interference, and transferred to the detectors during a single cotunneling event, making the scheme insensitive to charge noise. For sufficiently long detector dot lifetimes, cross-correlation detection of the dot charges can be performed with real-time counting techniques, providing for an unambiguous short-time Bell inequality test of orbital entanglement.
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| 36. |
- Buttiker, M, et al.
(författare)
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Interference of Independently Emitted Electrons in Quantum Shot Noise
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annalen der Physik. - : Wiley. - 0003-3804 .- 1521-3889. ; 16:10-11, s. 751-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- heory predicts that electrons emitted from independent electron sources (metallic contacts) can nevertheless interfere. This interference is manifest in an exchange contribution to the shot noise correlation of currents at different contacts of a mesoscopic conductor. A geometry has been proposed in which second order (single particle) interference due to superposition of amplitudes is absent but fourth order (two-particle) interference exhibits Aharonov-Bohm oscillations. Recently such a geometry has been realized in an experiment and the theoretically predicted two-particle Aharonov-Bohm effect has been detected. We discuss Bell measurements and quantum state tomography using shot noise correlations. We discuss in addition structures in which two-particle interference effects are generated dynamically by varying electrostatic potentials with the help of gates or by generating electron-hole pairs by irradiating contacts of a mesoscopic conductor. These examples emphasize that two-particle processes are not related to a particular geometry but are a general feature of multiparticle observables like shot noise correlations. (C) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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| 37. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal twin study of early literacy development : Preschool and kindergarten phases
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scientific Studies of Reading. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1088-8438 .- 1532-799X. ; 9:3, s. 219-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted behavior-genetic analyses of kindergarten reading, spelling, phonological awareness, rapid naming, and spoken sentence processing in 172 pairs of monozygotic and 153 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twin kindergarten children sampled in the United States and Australia. We also modeled progress from preschool to kindergarten in literacy-related variables, with larger numbers of twins contributing to the preschool phase. Reading, phonological awareness, and rapid naming at kindergarten showed substantial effects of genes and modest effects of shared environment, spelling was influenced by genes and environment equally, and sentence processing was affected primarily by shared environment. Longitudinal analyses indicated that the same genes affect phonological awareness in preschool and kinder garten but that a new genetic factor comes into play in rapid naming as letters and digits are introduced in kindergarten. At preschool, print knowledge and phonological awareness share one source of genetic influence, which in turn affects reading and spelling in kindergarten. Phonological awareness is subject to a second genetic factor, but only the one it shares with print also influences kindergarten reading and spelling. In contrast to the genetic effects, a single source of shared environment affects preschool print knowledge and phonological awareness and kindergarten reading. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical and practical issues in literacy development. Copyright © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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| 38. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal twin study of early literacy development : Preschool through Grade 1
- 2007
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 20:1-2, s. 77-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grade 1 literacy skills of twin children in Australia (New South Wales) and the United States (Colorado) were explored in a genetically sensitive design (N = 319 pairs). Analyses indicated strong genetic influence on word and nonword identification, reading comprehension, and spelling. Rapid naming showed more modest, though reliable, genetic influence. Phonological awareness was subject to high nonshared environment and no reliable genetic effects, and individual measures of memory and learning were also less affected by genes than nonshared environment. Multivariate analyses showed that the same genes affected word identification, reading comprehension, and spelling. Country comparisons indicated that the patterns of genetic influence on reading and spelling in Grade 1 were similar, though for the U.S. but not the Australian children new genes came on stream in the move from kindergarten to Grade 1. We suggest that this is because the more intensive kindergarten literacy curriculum in New South Wales compared with Colorado, consistent with the mean differences between the two countries, means that more of the genes are "online" sooner in Australia because of accelerated overall reading development. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
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A Proposed Methodology to Evaluate Machine Learning Models at Near-Upper-Bound Predictive Performance—Some Practical Cases from the Steel Industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9717. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work aims to answer three essential research questions (RQs) that have previously not been explicitly dealt with in the field of applied machine learning (ML) in steel process engineering. RQ1: How many training data points are needed to create a model with near-upper-bound predictive performance on test data? RQ2: What is the near-upper-bound predictive performance on test data? RQ3: For how long can a model be used before its predictive performance starts to decrease? A methodology to answer these RQs is proposed. The methodology uses a developed sampling algorithm that samples numerous unique training and test datasets. Each sample was used to create one ML model. The predictive performance of the resulting ML models was analyzed using common statistical tools. The proposed methodology was applied to four disparate datasets from the steel industry in order to externally validate the experimental results. It was shown that the proposed methodology can be used to answer each of the three RQs. Furthermore, a few findings that contradict established ML knowledge were also found during the application of the proposed methodology.
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| 43. |
- Carlsson, Leo, 1992-
(författare)
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Applied Machine Learning in Steel Process Engineering : Using Supervised Machine Learning Models to Predict the Electrical Energy Consumption of Electric Arc Furnaces
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The steel industry is in constant need of improving its production processes. This is partly due to increasing competition and partly due to environmental concerns. One commonly used method for improving these processes is through the act of modeling. Models are representations of the reality that can be used to study and test new processes and strategies without costly interventions. In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as a promising modeling approach for the steel industry. This has partly been driven by the Industry 4.0 development, which highlights ML as one of the key technologies for its realization. However, these models are often difficult to interpret, which makes it impractical to validate if the model accurately represents reality. This can lead to a lack of trust in ML models by domain practitioners in the steel industry. Thus, the present work investigates the practical usefulness of ML models in the context steel process engineering. The chosen application to answer this research question is the prediction of the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF). The EAF process was chosen due to its widespread use in the steel industry and due to the difficulty to accurately model the EE consumption using physical modeling. In the present literature, the use of linear statistical models are commonly used even though the EE consumption is non-linearly dependant on multiple important EAF process variables. In addition, the literature does neither investigate the correlations between input variables nor attempts to find the most optimal model with respect to model complexity, predictive performance, stability, and generalizability. Furthermore, a consistent reporting of predictive performance metrics and interpreting the non-transparent models is lacking. These shortcomings motivated the development of a Model Construction methodology and a Model Evaluation methodology that eliminate these shortcomings by considering both the domain-specific (metallurgical) aspects as well as the challenges imposed by ML modeling. By using the developed methodologies, several important findings originated from the resulting ML models predicting the EE consumption of two disparate EAF. A high model complexity, governed by an elevated number of input variables and model coefficients, is not necessary to achieve a state-of-the-art predictive performance on test data. This was confirmed both by the extensive number of produced models and by the comparison of the selected models with the models reported in the literature. To improve the predictive performance of the models, the main focus should instead be on data quality improvements. Experts in both process metallurgy and the specific process under study must be utilized when developing practically useful ML models. They support both in the selection of input variables and in the evaluation of the contribution of the input variables on the EE consumption prediction in relation to established physico-chemical laws and experiences with the specific EAF under study. In addition, a data cleaning strategy performed by an expert at one of the two EAF resulted in the best performing model. The scrap melting process in the EAF is complex and therefore challenging to accurately model using physico-chemical modeling. Using ML modeling, it was demonstrated that a scrap categorization based on the surface-area-to-volume ratio of scrap produced ML models with the highest predictive performance. This agrees well with the physico-chemical phenomena that governs the melting of scrap; temperature gradients, alloying gradients, stirring velocity, and the freezing effect. Multiple different practical use cases of ML models were exemplified in the present work, since the model evaluation methodology demonstrated the possibility to reveal the true contributions by each input variable on the EE consumption. The most prominent example was the analysis of the contribution by various scrap categories on the EE consumption. Three of these scrap categories were confirmed by the steel plant engineers to be accurately interpreted by the model. However, to be able to draw specific conclusions, a higher model predictive performance is required. This can only be realized after significant data quality improvements. Lastly, the developed methodology is not limited to the case used in the present work. It can be used to develop supervised ML models for other processes in the steel industry. This is valuable for the steel industry moving forward in the Industry 4.0 development.
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| 44. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretable Machine Learning—Tools to Interpret the Predictions of a Machine Learning Model Predicting the Electrical Energy Consumption of an Electric Arc Furnace
- 2020
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning (ML) is a promising modeling framework that has previously been used in the context of optimizing steel processes. However, many of the more advanced ML models, capable of providing more accurate predictions to complex problems, are often impossible to interpret. This makes the domain experts in the steel industry, to a large extent, hesitant to adopt these models. The valuable increase in model accuracy is diminished by the lack of model interpretability. Herein, Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is applied to an advanced ML model, predicting the electrical energy (EE) consumption of an electric arc furnace (EAF). The insights from SHAP reveal the contributions from each input variable on the EE for every single heat in the prediction domain. These contributions are then evaluated based on process metallurgical experience.
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| 45. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting the Electrical Energy Consumption of Electric Arc Furnaces Using Statistical Modeling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI. - 2075-4701. ; 9:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statistical modeling, also known as machine learning, has gained increased attention in part due to the Industry 4.0 development. However, a review of the statistical models within the scope of steel processes has not previously been conducted. This paper reviews available statistical models in the literature predicting the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). The aim was to structure published data and to bring clarity to the subject in light of challenges and considerations that are imposed by statistical models. These include data complexity and data treatment, model validation and error reporting, choice of input variables, and model transparency with respect to process metallurgy. A majority of the models are never tested on future heats, which essentially renders the models useless in a practical industrial setting. In addition, nonlinear models outperform linear models but lack transparency with regards to which input variables are influencing the EE consumption prediction. Some input variables that heavily influence the EE consumption are rarely used in the models. The scrap composition and additive materials are two such examples. These observed shortcomings have to be correctly addressed in future research applying statistical modeling on steel processes. Lastly, the paper provides three key recommendations for future research applying statistical modeling on steel processes.
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| 46. |
- Carlsson, Leo S., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the Effect of Scrap on the Electrical Energy Consumption of an Electric Arc Furnace
- 2020
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 8:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The melting time of scrap is a factor that affects the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process. The EE consumption itself stands for most of the total energy consumption during the process. Three distinct representations of scrap, based partly on the apparent density and shape of scrap, were created to investigate the effect of scrap on the accuracy of a statistical model predicting the EE consumption of an EAF. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was used as a tool to investigate the effects by each scrap category on each prediction of a selected model. The scrap representation based on the shape of scrap consistently resulted in the best performing models while all models using any of the scrap representations performed better than the ones without any scrap representation. These results were consistent for all four distinct and separately used cleaning strategies on the data set governing the models. In addition, some of the main scrap categories contributed to the model prediction of EE in accordance with the expectations and experience of the plant engineers. The results provide significant evidence that a well-chosen scrap categorization is important to improve a statistical model predicting the EE and that experience on the specific EAF under study is essential to evaluate the practical usefulness of the model.
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| 47. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
-
Using interpretable machine learning to predict the electrical energy consumption of an electric arc furnace
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen GmbH. - 0340-4803. ; 139:9, s. 24-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates an Artificial Neural Network model, which is trained using historical data from an Electric Arc Furnace producing stainless steel to predict the end-point electrical energy demand of future heats. Due to the black-box behavior of Artificial Neural Networks, two machine learning interpretability algorithms, Permutation Importance and Shapley Additive Explanations, are used to reveal the influence of the input variables on the model predictions.
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| 48. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
-
Using statistical modeling to predict the electrical energy consumption of an electric arc furnace producing stainless steel
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Metals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-4701. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-linearity of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process and the correlative behavior between the process variables impose challenges that have to be considered if one aims to create a statistical model that is relevant and useful in practice. In this regard, both the statistical modeling framework and the statistical tools used in the modeling pipeline must be selected with the aim of handling these challenges. To achieve this, a non-linear statistical modeling framework known as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been used to predict the Electrical Energy (EE) consumption of an EAF producing stainless steel. The statistical tools Feature Importance (FI), Distance Correlation (dCor) and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests are applied to investigate the most influencing input variables as well as reasons behind model performance differences when predicting the EE consumption on future heats. The performance, measured as kWh per heat, of the best model was comparable to the performance of the best model reported in the literature while requiring substantially fewer input variables.
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| 49. |
- Chung, S. -W. V., et al.
(författare)
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Quantum pump driven fermionic Mach-Zehnder interferometer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 75:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the characteristics of the currents in a pump driven fermionic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The system is implemented in a conductor in the quantum Hall regime, with the two interferometer arms enclosing an Aharonov-Bohm flux Phi. Two quantum point contacts with transparency modulated periodically in time drive the current and act as beam splitters. The current has a flux-dependent part I-(Phi) as well as a flux-independent part I-(0). Both current parts show oscillations as a function of frequency on the two scales determined by the lengths of the interferometer arms. In the nonadiabatic, high-frequency regime I-(Phi) oscillates with a constant amplitude while the amplitude of the oscillations of I-(0) increases linearly with frequency. The flux-independent part I-(0) is insensitive to temperature while the flux-dependent part I-(Phi) is exponentially suppressed with increasing temperature. We also find that for low amplitude, adiabatic pumping rectification effects are absent for semitransparent beam splitters. Inelastic dephasing is introduced by coupling one of the interferometer arms to a voltage probe. For a long charge relaxation time of the voltage probe, giving a constant probe potential, I-(Phi) and the part of I-(0) flowing in the arm connected to the probe are suppressed with increased coupling to the probe. For a short relaxation time, with the potential of the probe adjusting instantaneously to give zero time-dependent current at the probe, only I-(Phi) is suppressed by the coupling to the probe.
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| 50. |
- Chung, VSW, et al.
(författare)
-
Visibility of current and shot noise in electrical Mach-Zehnder and Hanbury Brown Twiss interferometers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physical Review B (Condensed Matter and Materials Physics). - 1098-0121. ; 72:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the visibility of the current and shot-noise correlations of electrical analogs of the optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the Hanbury Brown Twiss interferometer. The electrical analogs are discussed in conductors subject to high magnetic fields where electron motion is along edge states. The transport quantities are modulated with the help of an Aharonov-Bohm flux. We discuss the conductance (current) visibility and shot noise visibility as a function of temperature and applied voltage. Dephasing is introduced with the help of fictitious voltage probes. Comparison of these two interferometers is of interest since the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is an amplitude (single-particle) interferometer, whereas the Hanbury Brown Twiss interferometer is an intensity (two-particle) interferometer. A direct comparison is only possible for the shot noise of the two interferometers. We find that the visibility of shot noise correlations of the Hanbury Brown Twiss interferometer as a function of temperature, voltage or dephasing, is qualitatively similar to the visibility of the first harmonic of the shot noise correlation of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In contrast, the second harmonic of the shot noise visibility of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer decreases much more rapidly with increasing temperature, voltage or dephasing rate.
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