| 1. |
- Harrysson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer, a relational disease exploring the needs of relatives to cancer patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2631 .- 1748-2623. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syfte: I denna kvalitativa studie studerade vi erfarenheter bland familjemedlemmar till cancerpatienter. Vårt syfte var att undersöka och differentiera deras behov från de behov som cancer patienten uppvisar.Metod: Fem fokusintervjuer och sex individuella narrativa intervjuer med 17 familje medlemmar till cancerpatiener i Sverige genomfördes och jämförda med 19 intervjuer med cancerpatienter. Vår analys var inspirerad av klassisk grundad teori.Resaultat: Familjemedlemmar till cancerpatienter uppvisade egen sjukdom kopplad till höga stressnivåer och svårigheter att erkänna egen stress till följd av pågående jämförelser med cancerpatienten. Familjemedlemmar var fastlåsta i en momentan terrorlik situation där de blev den sjukes skyddsnät. En upplevd oförmåga till att förbättra den sjukes hälsa och välmående bidrog till känslor av skukld. Önskan om att allt skulle vara över var inbäddat i skam då slutet innebar möjlig död.Slutsatser: Genom att erkänna cancer som en sjukdom som påverkar både kropp och relationer kan familjemedlemmar ges kontroll över sina egna kamper skilda från patientens upplevelser. Vi definierar skillnaderi behov mellan cancer patienter och anhöriga. De anhöriga till cancerpatienter kan ges stöd i att utveckla balanserade strategier för mindre stress, ökad trygghet och stunder av förnöjsamhet.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Persson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Virtual Smash Room for Venting Frustration or Just Having Fun: Participatory Design of Virtual Environments in Digitally Reinforced Cancer Rehabilitation
- 2021
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Ingår i: JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2369-2529. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Cancer rehabilitation is central for helping patients and relatives create a functional everyday life based on the changes in life conditions. The needs are highly individual and include physical, mental, and social challenges. Cancer rehabilitation programs offer coping strategies, including guidelines on how to handle emotions.Objective:This paper presents a participatory design activity where patients in cancer rehabilitation use a virtual smash room, which is a virtual environment where the user can break things, mainly porcelain or glass items such as vases or plates. The objective is to understand attitudes to, and some effects of, using this application, as well as eliciting ideas of other virtual environments that would be desired.Methods:The virtual environment presented here, the virtual smash room, was designed at the request of a patient with cancer who wanted a tool for venting frustration. In this virtual environment, the user can break porcelain, vases, and plates. Patients participating in a week-long cancer rehabilitation program tested the virtual smash room and reported their experiences through a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three sections: (1) a subset of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), (2) a subset of the Virtual Reality Symptoms Questionnaire (VRSQ), and (3) a free-text response section.Results:A total of 101 responses were gathered. The results from the IMI questions showed that the participants found the virtual experience enjoyable (mean 4.52, maximum 5, SD 0.73), and it helped them retain their focus (mean 4.44, maximum 5, SD 0.74). The VRSQ revealed that there were only minor symptoms related to general discomfort (5.9%, n=6), fatigue (5.9%, n=6), nausea (3.0%, n=3), and tired eyes (8.9%, n=9), while several participants experienced dizziness (22.8%, n=23). Since only postmeasurements were gathered, nothing could be concluded about the prevalence of these symptoms before testing. The free-text responses indicated that the user group had many ideas for other virtual environments to use in cancer rehabilitation.Conclusions:This study presents a concept of using virtual reality in the cancer rehabilitation process and exemplifies activities of patient participation in the design process. Virtual reality has potential in being both distracting and enjoyable, while certain aspects of cybersickness might be especially important to consider for a user group already experiencing physical and mental issues. The results will act as input in the process of further designing virtual applications in digitally reinforced cancer rehabilitation.
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| 4. |
- Rynning, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Juridiska aspekter på obstetrik
- 2014. - 2
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Ingår i: Obstetrik. - Stockholm : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144095707 ; , s. 643-656
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Sandén, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1)/GPR30 Localizes in the Plasma Membrane and Trafficks Intracellularly on Cytokeratin Intermediate Filaments.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Pharmacology. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 1521-0111 .- 0026-895X. ; 79:3, s. 400-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GPR30, or G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), was recently introduced as a membrane estrogen receptor and a candidate cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. However, several questions surround the subcellular localization and signaling of this receptor. In native cells, including mouse myoblast C(2)C(12) cells, Madine-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells, and human ductal breast epithelial tumor T47-D cells, G-1, a GPER1 agonist, and 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulated GPER1-dependent cAMP production, a defined plasma membrane (PM) event, and recruitment of β-arrestin2 to the PM. Staining of fixed and live cells showed that GPER1 was localized both in the PM and on intracellular structures. One such intracellular structure was identified as cytokeratin (CK) intermediate filaments, including those composed of CK7 and CK8, but apparently not endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi, or microtubules. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation of GPER1 and CKs confirmed an association of these proteins. Live staining also showed that the PM receptors constitutively internalize apparently to reach CK filaments. Receptor localization was supported using FLAG- and HA-tagged GPER1. We conclude that GPER1-mediated stimulation of cAMP production and β-arrestin2 recruitment occur in the PM. Furthermore, the PM receptors constitutively internalize and localize intracellularly on CK. This is the first observation that a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is capable of associating with intermediate filaments, which may be important for GPER1 regulation in epithelial cells and the relationship of this receptor to cancer.
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| 6. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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A perspective-taking university course for cancer survivors, loved ones and healthcare professionals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - : Elsevier. - 2590-2911. ; 2024:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports the results of a university course aimed at exploring and improving cooperation in healthcare with both cancer survivors, loved ones and healthcare professionals as students.Central to the course was the understanding of and moving between each other's perspectives. Operating within a framework inspired by problem-based learning (PBL), small groups consisting of at least one cancer survivor, one loved one and one healthcare professional, collaboratively created scenarios based on their personal experiences. The students developed, elaborated, and identified problems and potential solutions. The pedagogical framing illustrated an empowering process of defining and elaborating a problem of their combined concerns, using their different knowledge. Although cooperation presented challenges, most students were able to explore and appreciate each other's perspectives when provided with a safe environment. Our experiences highlight the importance of both contextual safety and personal development as key factors in addressing power imbalances in healthcare.
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| 7. |
- Sandén, Ulrika
(författare)
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An autobiography
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking the patientification process - through co-creation of care, using old arctic survival knowledge
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2631 .- 1748-2623. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Cancer research and connected innovation processes often lack a major component; patient participation. We revisit three studies (a-c) in order to explore how Momentary contentment theory may be used to improve patient participation and psychosocial health.Method: We revisited data from the initial (a) classic grounded theory study on Momentary contentment, based on four years of observation and 14 interviews. It explains a way of dealing with life close to death and morbidity. In the imminence of danger the studied culture resembles the context of cancer patients. The two following studies used focus group interviews with (b) 19 cancer patients and (c) 17 relatives of cancer patients in southern Sweden.Results: We suggest a process where cancer patients are taught to be submissive and that the support they receive from health providers may be counterproductive to contentment; a patientification process. We present alternative ways for people to handle issues such as hope, waiting, knowledge gaps and healthcare navigation while living with cancer. We introduce an alternative to patientification and passive patients where active patients create their own safety and truly participates in their care. Conclusions: We propose clinical studies to introduce such a shift from patentification to co-creation of care.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring health navigating design : momentary contentment in a cancer context.
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 12:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The technocratic and medicalized model of healthcare is rarely optimal for patients. By connecting two different studies we explore the possibilities of increasing quality of life in cancer care.METHODS: The first study captures survival strategies in a historically isolated Arctic village in Norway resulting in Momentary contentment theory, which emerged from analysing four years of participant observation and interview data. The second study conceptualizes everyday life of cancer patients based on in-depth interviews with 19 cancer patients; this was conceptualized as Navigating a new life situation. Both studies used classic grounded theory methodology. The connection between the studies is based on a health design approach.RESULTS: We found a fit between cancer patients challenging life conditions and harsh everyday life in an Arctic village. Death, treatments and dependence have become natural parts of life where the importance of creating spaces-of-moments and a Sense of Safety is imminent to well-being. While the cancer patients are in a new life situation, the Arctic people show a natural ability to handle uncertainties.CONCLUSION: By innovation theories connected to design thinking, Momentary contentment theory modified to fit cancer care would eventually be a way to improve cancer patients' quality of life.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Momentary Contentment : A Modern Version of an Old Survival Culture
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Grounded Theory Review. - : Sociology Press. - 1556-1542 .- 1556-1550. ; 14:2, s. 74-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a classic grounded theory based in longitudinal data from everyday life in an environment in Northern Norway characterized by long distances, a harsh climate and people living close to nature and each other. The place has a history of poverty and isolation. Yet, old survival strategies prevail despite modernisation. The theory reveals a culture of momentary contentment with three dimensions: Doing safety, destiny readiness and middle consciousness. This momentary contentment culture explains how the participants resolve their main concern of enjoying life. Doing safety means that common and individual acts create stability. Destiny readiness illuminates a discourse of acceptance, a way of thinking that, with the aid of linguistic strategies, prepares for life changing events. Middle consciousness shows a way of handling difficulties by dividing and separating different phenomena.
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| 13. |
- Sandén, Ulrika
(författare)
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Momentary contentment : exploring needs and innovation possibilities in a psychosocial cancer context
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte: I denna avhandling utforskar jag behov och innovationsmöjligheter inompsykosocial cancervård. Finns det ett onödigt högt lidande? Kan den grundade teorin Nuets förnöjsamhet vara till hjälp för att möta behoven hos människor som är drabbade av cancer?Inkluderade skrifter: Denna avhandling innehåller förutom en kappa två rapporter och två tidskriftsartiklar. De två rapporterna utforskar cancerpatienter och närståendesbehov. Den första artikeln introducerar den grundade teorin Nuets förnöjsamhet och den andra applicerar teorin på en cancerkontextMetoder: Studierna bakom rapporterna bygger på djupintervjuer med 19cancerpatienter och 17 närstående. Jag använder mig av klassisk grundad teori ianalysprocessen men utan teorigenerering, medan den första artikeln fullföljer det steget. I enlighet med design thinking har jag fokuserat på brukarperspektivet, i detta fall patienters och närståendes behov. Jag har också inkluderat min egen cancererfarenhet i kappan genom aktionsforskning.Resultat: På en teoretisk nivå hittade jag en koppling mellan Nuets förnöjsamhet och cancersjukas behov av navigering. Deras sammanhang liknar på flera sätt varandra. Fysiska svårigheter såsom död, sjukdom och olyckor samt beroende har blivit naturliga delar. Att skapa trygghet är viktigt för såväl förnöjsamhet som balans. De närstående tycks fastna i ett förstadie till Nuets förnöjsamhet, i en jakt efter trygghet.Slutsatser: På teoretisk nivå kan den gamla arktiska överlevnadskunskapen återvinnas för att möta behov i psykosocial cancervård. Teorin om Nuets förnöjsamhet behöver fördjupas ytterligare för att en formell teori ska framstå. Det finns emellertid strategier som redan kan användas och det finns strukturella möjligheter att skapa en disruptive innovation inom psykosocial cancerrehabilitering.Framtida forskning: Nuets förnöjsamhet som formell teori är en möjlig innovation som kräver ny genomgång av all insamlad data. Det saknas sammanhållen hälsoforskning kopplat till sjukvård där brukarperspektivet sätts främst. Genom att skapa en forskningsdisciplin och en avdelning för forskning med och kring patientperspektiv så skulle man skapa en bas för framtida forskning.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Nuets förnöjsamhet: en grundad teori om livsval och överlevnadsstrategier
- 2015
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Ingår i: Sociologisk Forskning. - Falun : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 2002-066X .- 0038-0342. ; 52:3, s. 235-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Contentment in the moment" is a classic grounded theory exploring safety and contentment within a small community in northern Norway. The purpose of the study was to explore the village's everyday life from a participant's perspective and to develop an understanding of their living conditions. We found different survival strategies, which have their roots in the village's history of poverty, isolation and harsh climate. Today these Strategies have changed from a matter of life and death to a modern psychosocial foundation of contentment. The study is based on four and a half years of observations, in-depth interviews and informal but focused conversations with people living in Polarfjorden. The data was analysed using the constant comparative method of classic grounded theory. In this article we further relate our work to more general sociological theory, more specifically to Charles Tilly's work on reason and routines.
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| 16. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, 1969-
(författare)
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Organdonation från avlidna
- 2020. - 1
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Ingår i: Medicinsk rätt. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139117148 ; , s. 201-215
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, 1969-
(författare)
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Organdonation från avlidna
- 2022. - 2
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Ingår i: Medicinsk rätt. - Stockholm : Norstedts Juridik AB. - 9789139025269 ; , s. 255-269
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Sandén, Ulrika
(författare)
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På okänt cancervatten - närståendes perspektiv
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samtidigt som alltfler drabbas av cancer ökar överlevnaden. Det betyder att fler lever med en cancerdiagnos. De närstående ökar i antal och deras insatser för samhället och den enskilde är stora medan behoven i liten grad står utforskade. Genom kvalitativa utforskande intervjuer av närstående till cancersjuka har vi sökt förstå de närståendes upplevelser av sin roll. Berättelserna har visat en spretande roll med upplevd hög kravnivå. Flera närstående har vittnat om hur den sjuke inte hade överlevt vissa situationer utan deras insats. I intervjuerna framkommer avsaknad av en samordnande funktion, någon som tar ett samlat medicinskt grepp kring patienten. En roll många närstående upplever sig fastna i. De kastas in i en fragmentiserad sjukvårdsprocess som de förväntas hantera utan vare sig utbildning eller kontaktvägar in i vården. Studien visar närstående som lever under hög psykisk stress och ohälsa. Som tar på sig ansvaret när sjukvårdens organisation brister. Närståenderollen skulle behöva konkretiseras och kravbilden sänkas för att de närstående skulle må bättre och den resurs de är tas till vara på ett långsiktigt hållbart sätt.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Regelverk : lagar, förordningar, föreskrifter
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Medicinsk informatik. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147134083 ; , s. 397-407
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Sandén, Ulrika, 1969-
(författare)
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Sekretess och tystnadsplikt inom offentlig och privat hälso- och sjukvård : ett skydd för patientens personliga integritet
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the protection of the patient’s privacy in health care in Sweden. It is crucially important that the patient has confidence in the health care and that patient data are kept secret from other persons and authorities. A patient who is unsure about secrecy and confidentiality may choose not to provide data that could prove necessary for health care personnel to arrive at an accurate diagnosis. Some individuals might even avoid seeking medical help from fear that data may be spread to outsiders. Inadequate protection of sensitive data may lead to the confidence of citizens in health care eventually eroding or vanishing completely. Protection of patient privacy is thus of fundamental importance in this area.In the area of health care, the intention of the legislator is that the regulations regarding secrecy in public health care and confidentiality in private health care will guarantee protection of patient privacy. Secrecy in public health care is regulated mainly in Chapter 25, Section 1 of the Swedish Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009:400). In private health care, confidentiality is regulated mainly in Chapter 6, Section 12, first paragraph, and Section 16 of the Swedish Act on Patient Safety (2010:659).The overall purpose of the thesis is to examine and analyse the legislator’s intentions and the juridical construction regarding the rules of secrecy and confidentiality, from the perspective of patient privacy. The starting point of the thesis is that the patient’s privacy should be strongly protected.One of the main conclusions is that the legal construction cannot be considered to be in accordance with the legislator’s intention that the regulation of patient privacy protection should constitute a strong protection for the patient’s privacy, be comprehensible, clear and easy to apply for health care personnel, as well as being the same in both public and private health care.
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| 22. |
- Sandén, Ulrika
(författare)
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The art of bouncing back : Patient perspective on cancer rehabilitation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Momentary contentment theory is a grounded theory explaining how to find safety and balance in life despite an awareness of life´s unpredictability. The theory is based on communion with others, proactivity and acceptance. It explains cognitive and emotional ways of finding a sense of safety and enjoyment despite illness and accidents. Three concepts are central to Momentary contentment theory: doing safety, destiny readiness and middle consciousness.In this thesis, I look at the lives of cancer patients through an explanatory model from Momentary contentment theory. I also examine whether Momentary contentment theory can help find a way to feeling safe in a cancer context. 20 narrative unstructured interviews were conducted with 19 cancer patients and 17 relatives. Methodologically I have used design thinking and classic grounded theory in an abductive process. I have used my own experiences as a relative and as a patient and used the intuition and empathy that has been built up through those experiences as inspiration.Patients struggle to be believed before a diagnosis. Then they have to deal with physical symptoms and fear of death during treatment. For those who survive, a life remains with the late effects of cancer and its treatments as well as living with the worry of relapse. Relatives struggle to keep their everyday lives going, where in several cases they take on different roles in their attempts to create a safety net to protect the patient against both the various effects of the disease and the mistakes of healthcare.Through activity, an acceptance of life's unpredictability and by focusing on everyday life, one can create increased security and contentment in the moment. The "moment" is seen as clusters of moments, defined as longer or shorter periods of time. By referring to the moment as a subjective experience, which does not follow the timetable and which differs between different situations for different people, life and one's own demands can be better adapted to illness. Momentary contentment theory can serve as an alternative approach to cancer rehabilitation, it explains and illustrates how activity, participation and acceptance can be means of learning to adapt to new living conditions. A way to bounce back during the fluctuations of a life with cancer illness.
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| 23. |
- Sandén, Ulrika
(författare)
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Tillgång till försäljningsuppgifter om humanläkemedel, SOU 2022:72
- 2023. - 72
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Utredningens uppdrag är att undersöka vilka åtgärder som behövervidtas för att skapa en långsiktig och hållbar rättslig reglering för utlämnande av försäljningsstatistik som avser läkemedel för människor.Behovet av en mer ändamålsenlig reglering har aktualiserats som enföljd av att E-hälsomyndigheten och Socialstyrelsen efter rättsligaställningstaganden, med hänsyn till bestämmelsen om statistiksekretess enligt 24 kap. 8 § offentlighets- och sekretesslagen (2009:400), harbegränsat sina utlämnanden av uppgifter om försäljningsstatistik förläkemedel. Utredningen ska enligt uppdraget även se över de behovsom finns hos flera myndigheter av att ta emot fler uppgifter elleruppgifter för fler ändamål än i dag, så att de till fullo ska kunna genomföra regeringsuppdrag eller fullgöra det som de blivit ålagda i sina instruktioner. Utredningens uppdrag innebär även att undersöka behovet av ändringar i regelverket om olika aktörers skyldighet att tillE-hälsomyndigheten lämna försäljningsuppgifter om läkemedel.
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| 24. |
- Thulesius, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Pluralistic retasking. Re-thinking cancer diagnostics from a primary care physician perspective. A grounded theory study.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Core values of family medicine: Threats and opportunities. - : WONCA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCancer diagnostics is heterogeneous depending on disease type, age, gender, socioeconomical and geographical contexts of patients and caregivers.QuestionsHow could cancer be diagnosed in a more timely way from a primary care perspective?MethodsData from 1752 primary care physician (PCP) respondents in 20 countries and 20 Spanish and 7 Swedish PCP interviewees 2013-2019 analysed with classic grounded theory, especially free text responses to “How do you think the speed of diagnosis of cancer in primary care could be improved?”. Secondary analysis of interviews and literature. OutcomesWe call PCP's ideas on improved cancer work-up pluralistic retasking: task shifting among physicians, nurses, assistants and secretaries involving task redistribution, task sharing, task collaboration, changing tasks – cancer fast tracks or cancer screening instead of cancer case finding when appropriate. Cognitive retasking involves both slow rational thinking in algorithms and fast intuitive thinking through gut feelings. Digital retasking bridges time and place by eHealth to reduce “elsewhereism” of experts and power symmetry issues between patient/caregiver. Shrinking gaps between and amongst patients and caregivers requires care restructuring and reallocation of funds. Care refinancing is thus necessary to improve diagnostic timeliness. Good cancer diagnostics needs good time management. Not too early (to avoid overdiagnosis) and never too late.DiscussionPluralistic retasking is a conceptual summary of multiple strategies needed to optimise the timeliness of cancer diagnostics.Take Home Message for PracticeCan I do something differently to diagnose cancer in a more timely way?
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| 25. |
- Thulesius, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Pluralistic task shifting for a more timely cancer diagnosis. A grounded theory study from a primary care perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 39:4, s. 486-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To explore how cancer could be diagnosed in a more timely way. Design Grounded theory analysis of primary care physicians' free text survey responses to: 'How do you think the speed of diagnosis of cancer in primary care could be improved?'. Secondary analysis of primary care physician interviews, survey responses, literature. Setting Primary care in 20 European orenas Research Group countries. Subjects Primary care physicians: 1352 survey respondents (2013-2016), 20 Spanish and 7 Swedish interviewees (2015-2019). Main outcome measures Conceptual explanation of how to improve timeliness of cancer diagnosis. Results Pluralistic task shifting is a grounded theory of a composite strategy. It includes task sharing - among nurses, physicians, nurse assistants, secretaries, and patients - and changing tasks with cancer screening when appropriate or cancer fast-tracks to accelerate cancer case finding. A pluralistic dialogue culture of comprehensive collaboration and task redistribution is required for effective pluralistic task shifting. Pluralistic task shifting relies on cognitive task shifting, which includes learning more about slow analytic reasoning and fast automatic thinking initiated by pattern recognition; and digital task shifting, which by use of eHealth and telemedicine bridges time and place and improves power symmetry between patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Financial task shifting that involves cost tracking followed by reallocation of funds is necessary for the restructuring and retraining required for successful pluralistic task shifting. A timely diagnosis reduces expensive investigations and waiting times. Also, late-stage cancers are costlier to treat than early-stage cancers. Timing is central to cancer diagnosis: not too early to avoid overdiagnosis, and never too late. Conclusions We present pluralistic task shifting as a conceptual summary of strategies needed to optimise the timeliness of cancer diagnosis.
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| 26. |
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