| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Bruhn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A New World of Work Challenging Swedish Unions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nordic Lights. Work, Management and Welfare in Scandinavia. - Stockholm : SNS förlag. - 9789186949372 ; , s. 126-186
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
-
Authors' response
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:3, s. 1086-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Torfinn, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of histology in assessing the cause of death in medico-legal autopsies in selected trauma deaths : suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 68:2, s. 509-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of a medico-legal autopsy is primarily to determine the cause and manner of death. To this end, the pathologist often uses auxiliary analyses, including histology. However, the utility of routine histology in all medico-legal autopsies is unknown. Earlier studies on the utility of routine histology have shown inconsistent effects, with some studies recommending it and others rejecting it. To study the degree to which histology informs on the underlying cause of death, we sent autopsy reports from suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths to senior board-certified forensic pathologists and had them assess the cause of death, first without knowledge of the histological findings and then with knowledge thereof. Fifty cases were identified in each of four subgroups: fire-, immersion-, suspension-, and traffic-related deaths. The autopsy reports were anonymized, and the histological findings and conclusions were removed. Two board-certified forensic pathologists independently reviewed the reports in each subgroup and assessed the manner and underlying cause of death (including their certainty of this assessment on a five-level scale) with and without access to histological findings. The probability of changing the underlying cause of death posthistology was low in all study groups. There was a slight increase in the degree of certainty posthistology in cases where the underlying cause of death was not changed, but only when the antehistology certainty was low. Our results suggest that histology does not meaningfully inform on the underlying cause of death in suspension-, immersion-, fire-, and traffic-related deaths except when antehistology certainty is low.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alanärä, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske
- 2021
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SLUs vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd har fått i uppdrag av Jordbruksverket att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske samt att belysa eventuella kunskapsluckor på området. Uppdraget omfattar gräsand, rapphöna, fasan och laxfiskar. Bruket att föda upp fåglar och fiskar för utsättning i syfte att gynna jakt och fiske ifrågasätts inte sällan av etiska skäl, men den diskussionen ligger utanför fokus för denna rapport. Utsättning av fågel och fisk är en antropogen verksamhet som, till skillnad från många andra typer av mänsklig påverkan, syftar till att gynna arterna i fråga. Det kan handla om naturvårdsinsatser, att återinföra försvunna arter eller att på andra sätt berika ekosystemet, inte sällan med ökade möjligheter till jakt eller fiske som slutändamål. Ofta förbereds och åtföljs utsättningar av habitatförbättrande åtgärder som inte endast gynnar de utsatta individerna och deras artfränder, utan även har positiva konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald och ekosystemet i stort. I utarbetandet av regelverket knutet till utsättning av fågel och fisk är det viktigt att även beakta de positiva föresatserna och de konsekvenser som verksamheten kan medföra. Annars riskerar man att engagemang och incitament förloras, till men för biologisk mångfald och en rik och levande landsbygd.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bridel, Claire, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Protein in Neurology : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:9, s. 1035-1048
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate biomarker for neuroaxonal damage. The influence of age and sex is largely unknown, and levels across neurological disorders have not been compared systematically to date.Objectives To assess the associations of age, sex, and diagnosis with NfL in CSF (cNfL) and to evaluate its potential in discriminating clinically similar conditions.Data Sources PubMed was searched for studies published between January 1, 2006, and January 1, 2016, reporting cNfL levels (using the search terms neurofilament light and cerebrospinal fluid) in neurological or psychiatric conditions and/or in HC.Study Selection Studies reporting NfL levels measured in lumbar CSF using a commercially available immunoassay, as well as age and sex.Data Extraction and Synthesis Individual-level data were requested from study authors. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the fixed effects of age, sex, and diagnosis on log-transformed NfL levels, with cohort of origin modeled as a random intercept.Main Outcome and Measure The cNfL levels adjusted for age and sex across diagnoses.Results Data were collected for 10 059 individuals (mean [SD] age, 59.7 [18.8] years; 54.1% female). Thirty-five diagnoses were identified, including inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (n = 2795), dementias and predementia stages (n = 4284), parkinsonian disorders (n = 984), and HC (n = 1332). The cNfL was elevated compared with HC in a majority of neurological conditions studied. Highest levels were observed in cognitively impaired HIV-positive individuals (iHIV), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Huntington disease. In 33.3% of diagnoses, including HC, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease (AD), and Parkinson disease (PD), cNfL was higher in men than women. The cNfL increased with age in HC and a majority of neurological conditions, although the association was strongest in HC. The cNfL overlapped in most clinically similar diagnoses except for FTD and iHIV, which segregated from other dementias, and PD, which segregated from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.Conclusions and Relevance These data support the use of cNfL as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and indicate that age-specific and sex-specific (and in some cases disease-specific) reference values may be needed. The cNfL has potential to assist the differentiation of FTD from AD and PD from atypical parkinsonian syndromes.
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| 9. |
- Djurfeldt, Mikael, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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See-A framework for simulation of biologically detailed and artificial neural networks and systems
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 26-27, s. 997-1003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- See is a software framework for simulation of biologically detailed and artficial neural networks and systems. It includes a general purpose scripting language, based on Scheme,which also can be used interactively, while the basic framework is written in C++. Models can be built on the Scheme level from `simulation objectsa, each representing a population ofneurons, a projection, etc. The simulator provides a flexible and efficient protocol for data transfer between such objects. See contains a user interface to the parallelized, platformindependent, library SPLIT intended for biologically detailed modeling of large-scale networks and is easy to extend with new user code, both on the C++ and Scheme levels.
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| 10. |
- Dumat, Blaise, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Second-Generation Fluorescent Quadracyclic Adenine Analogues: Environment-Responsive Probes with Enhanced Brightness
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 21:10, s. 4039-4048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescent base analogues comprise a group of increasingly important molecules for the investigation of nucleic acid structure, dynamics, and interactions with other molecules. Herein, we report on the quantum chemical calculation aided design, synthesis, and characterization of four new putative quadracyclic adenine analogues. The compounds were efficiently synthesized from a common intermediate through a two-step pathway with the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling as the key step. Two of the compounds, qAN1 and qAN4, display brightnesses (εΦF) of 1700 and 2300, respectively, in water and behave as wavelength-ratiometric pH probes under acidic conditions. The other two, qAN2 and qAN3, display lower brightnesses but exhibit polarity-sensitive dual-band emissions that could prove useful to investigate DNA structural changes induced by DNA-protein or -drug interactions. The four qANs are very promising microenvironment-sensitive fluorescent adenine analogues that display considerable brightness for such compounds. Polarity and pH probes: 2-Aminopurine has long been the standard for fluorescent base analogues. Four new fluorescent probes suitable for the replacement of adenine in nucleic acids are presented. Based on their high structural similarity to their parent compound, quadracyclic adenine, they have the potential to be excellent A analogues. Their improved photophysical properties also suggest that they could be significantly brighter than 2-aminopurine inside nucleic acid systems (see figure; ΦF: fluorescence quantum yield).
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| 11. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Exertional breathlessness related to medical conditions in middle-aged people: the population-based SCAPIS study of more than 25,000 men and women.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Respiratory research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-993X .- 1465-9921. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breathlessness is common in the population and can be related to a range of medical conditions. We aimed to evaluate the burden of breathlessness related to different medical conditions in a middle-aged population.Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study of adults aged 50-64years. Breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC]≥2) was evaluated in relation to self-reported symptoms, stress, depression; physician-diagnosed conditions; measured body mass index (BMI), spirometry, venous haemoglobin concentration, coronary artery calcification and stenosis [computer tomography (CT) angiography], and pulmonary emphysema (high-resolution CT). For each condition, the prevalence and breathlessness population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated, overall and by sex, smoking history, and presence/absence of self-reported cardiorespiratory disease.We included 25,948 people aged 57.5±[SD] 4.4; 51% women; 37% former and 12% current smokers; 43% overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), 21% obese (BMI≥30); 25% with respiratory disease, 14% depression, 9% cardiac disease, and 3% anemia. Breathlessness was present in 3.7%. Medical conditions most strongly related to the breathlessness prevalence were (PAF 95%CI): overweight and obesity (59.6-66.0%), stress (31.6-76.8%), respiratory disease (20.1-37.1%), depression (17.1-26.6%), cardiac disease (6.3-12.7%), anemia (0.8-3.3%), and peripheral arterial disease (0.3-0.8%). Stress was the main factor in women and current smokers.Breathlessness mainly relates to overweight/obesity and stress and to a lesser extent to comorbidities like respiratory, depressive, and cardiac disorders among middle-aged people in a high-income setting-supporting the importance of lifestyle interventions to reduce the burden of breathlessness in the population.
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| 12. |
- Gustavsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term colectomy rate after intensive intravenous corticosteroid therapy for ulcerative colitis prior to the immunosuppressive treatment era
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Gastroenterology. - New York : American College of Gastroenterology. - 0002-9270 .- 1572-0241. ; 102:11, s. 2513-2519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroids are a cornerstone in the treatment of a severe attack of ulcerative colitis (UC). The long-term prognosis in this patient group is not well described. We studied the long-term colectomy and relapse rates in patients given intensive intravenous corticosteroid treatment (IIVT) for acute UC. METHODS: A retrospective clinical study of 158 patients with UC treated in 1975-1982 with IIVT. Patients were followed-up to death, colectomy or last visit. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were excluded due to change of diagnosis (N = 10) or lost to follow-up (N = 1). The indication for index IIVT in the remaining 147 patients was a severe attack (N = 61), a moderately severe attack (N = 45), a mild attack (N = 29) or chronic continuous disease (N = 12). The median (range) duration of follow-up was 173 (4-271) months in patients escaping colectomy during the first 3 months. Three months after IIVT, the colectomy rates were 28/61 (46%) in a severe attack, 4/45 (9%) in a moderately severe, and 1/29 (3%) in a mild attack. After 10 yr, the colectomy rates were 39/61 (64%), 22/45 (49%), and 8/29 (28%), respectively. During follow-up, neither colectomy incidence beyond 3 months, time to first relapse nor relapse incidence was influenced by severity of initial attack, except for a lower relapse incidence after a severe attack. CONCLUSIONS: In patients escaping colectomy during the first 3 months after IIVT, the future prognosis was similar irrespective of initial disease severity.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lansner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Cell assembly dynamics in detailed and abstract attractor models of cortical associative memory
- 2003
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Ingår i: Theory in biosciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1431-7613 .- 1611-7530. ; 122:1, s. 19-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last few decades we have seen a convergence among ideas and hypotheses regarding functional principles underlying human memory. Hebb's now more than fifty years old conjecture concerning synaptic plasticity and cell assemblies, formalized mathematically as attractor neural networks, has remained among the most viable and productive theoretical frameworks. It suggests plausible explanations for Gestalt aspects of active memory like perceptual completion, reconstruction and rivalry. We review the biological plausibility of these theories and discuss some critical issues concerning their associative memory functionality in the light of simulation studies of models with palimpsest memory properties. The focus is on memory properties and dynamics of networks modularized in terms of cortical minicolumns and hypercolumns. Biophysical compartmental models demonstrate attractor dynamics that support cell assembly operations with fast convergence and low firing rates. Using a scaling model we obtain reasonable relative connection densities and amplitudes. An abstract attractor network model reproduces systems level psychological phenomena seen in human memory experiments as the Sternberg and von Restorff effects. We conclude that there is today considerable substance in Hebb's theory of cell assemblies and its attractor network formulations, and that they have contributed to increasing our understanding of cortical associative memory function. The criticism raised with regard to biological and psychological plausibility as well as low storage capacity, slow retrieval etc has largely been disproved. Rather, this paradigm has gained further support from new experimental data as well as computational modeling.
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| 16. |
- Larsen, Anders Foller, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Development of bright fluorescent quadracyclic adenine analogues: TDDFT-calculation supported rational design
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorescent base analogues (FBAs) comprise a family of increasingly important molecules for the investigation of nucleic acid structure and dynamics. We recently reported the quantum chemical calculation supported development of four microenvironment sensitive analogues of the quadracyclic adenine (qA) scaffold, the qANs, with highly promising absorptive and fluorescence properties that were very well predicted by TDDFT calculations. Herein, we report on the efficient synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterization of nine novel quadracyclic adenine derivatives. The brightest derivative, 2-CNqA, displays a 13-fold increased brightness (epsilon Phi(F) = 4500) compared with the parent compound qA and has the additional benefit of being a virtually microenvironment-insensitive fluorophore, making it a suitable candidate for nucleic acid incorporation and use in quantitative FRET and anisotropy experiments. TDDFT calculations, conducted on the nine novel qAs a posteriori, successfully describe the relative fluorescence quantum yield and brightness of all qA derivatives. This observation suggests that the TDDFT-based rational design strategy may be employed for the development of bright fluorophores built up from a common scaffold to reduce the otherwise costly and time-consuming screening process usually required to obtain useful and bright FBAs.
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| 17. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Factors important for health-related quality of life in men and women : The population based SCAPIS study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHealth-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential for human wellbeing, influenced by a complex interplay of factors, and is reported lower in women than men. We aimed to evaluate which factors were the most important for HRQoL in a middle-aged general population.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study of 29,212 men (48%) and women (52%) aged 50-64 in the general population in Sweden. Physical and mental HRQoL (0-100) was assessed using the Short Form 12 questionnaire, and association was evaluated for 356 variables including demographics, lifestyle, symptoms, physiological measurements, and health conditions. Using machine learning, each variable ' s importance for HRQoL was measured by an importance score, comparable to effect size, and summarised in 54 factors, in men and women separately.ResultsMen and women had similar mean and standard deviation (SD) scores for physical HRQoL (53.4 [SD 8.1] vs 51.4 [9.7]) and mental HRQoL (37.1 [5.0] vs 37.3 [5.4]). The most important factors for physical HRQoL were (importance score) physical activity (40), employment (36), pain (33), sleep (33), and sense of control (26). The most important factors for mental HRQoL were sense of control (18), physical activity (12), depression (12), pain (6), and employment (5).ConclusionsThe factors important for HRQoL identified by this study are likely to be amenable to interventions, and our findings can support prioritising interventions. The identified factors need to be a target even before middle-age to lay the foundation for long and happy lives.
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| 18. |
- Olsson, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in a population aged 50-64 years
- 2024
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Breathlessness is a troublesome and prevalent symptom in the population, but knowledge of related factors is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the factors most strongly associated with breathlessness in the general population and to describe the shapes of the associations between the main factors and breathlessness.METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out of the multicentre population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) of adults aged 50 to 64 years. Breathlessness was defined as a modified Medical Research Council breathlessness rating ≥2. The machine learning algorithm extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was used to classify participants as either breathless or nonbreathless using 449 factors, including physiological measurements, blood samples, computed tomography cardiac and lung measurements, lifestyle, health conditions and socioeconomics. The strength of the associations between the factors and breathlessness were measured by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), with higher scores reflecting stronger associations.RESULTS: A total of 28 730 participants (52% women) were included in the study. The strongest associated factors for breathlessness were (in order of magnitude): body mass index ( SHAP score 0.39), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (0.32), physical activity measured by accelerometery (0.27), sleep apnoea (0.22), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (0.21), self-reported physical activity (0.17), chest pain when hurrying (0.17), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (0.17), recent weight change (0.14) and cough (0.13).CONCLUSION: This large population-based study of men and women aged 50-64 years identified the main factors related to breathlessness that may be prevented or amenable to public health interventions.
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| 19. |
- Sandberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Bayesian attractor network with incremental learning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Network. - 0954-898X .- 1361-6536. ; 13:2, s. 179-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A realtime online learning system with capacity limits needs to gradually forget old information in order to avoid catastrophic forgetting. This can be achieved by allowing new information to overwrite old, as in a so-called palimpsest memory. This paper describes an incremental learning rule based on the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network that has palimpsest properties when employed in an attractor neural network. The network does not suffer from catastrophic forgetting, has a capacity dependent on the learning time constant and exhibits faster convergence for newer patterns.
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| 20. |
- Sandberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A palimpsest memory based on an incremental Bayesian learning rule
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 32, s. 987-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Capacity limited memory systems need to gradually forget old information in order to avoid catastrophic forgetting where all stored information is lost. This can be achieved by allowing new information to overwrite old, as in the so-called palimpsest memory. This paper describes a new such learning rule employed in an attractor neural network. The network does not exhibit catastrophic forgetting, has a capacity dependent on the learning time constant and exhibits recency effects in retrieval.
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| 21. |
- Shiriaev, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Explicit formulas for general integrals of motion for a class of mechanical systems subject to virtual constraints
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 43rd IEEE conference on decision and control (CDC), vols 1-5. - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0780386825 ; 2, s. 1158-1163
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper suggests an explicit form of a general integral of motion for some classes of dynamical systems including n-degree-of-freedom mechanical systems subject to (n - 1) virtual holonomic constraints. The computation of this integral opens several possibilities for generating and further exponential orbital stabilization of solutions in nonlinear feedback systems. An illustrative example is given.
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| 22. |
- Shiriaev, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual-Holonomic-Constraints-Based Design of Stable Oscillations of Furuta Pendulum: Theory and Experiments
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Robotics. - 1941-0468 .- 1552-3098. ; 23:4, s. 827-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Furuta pendulum consists of an arm rotating in the horizontal plane and a pendulum attached to its end. Rotation of the arm is controlled by a DC motor, while the pendulum is moving freely in the plane, orthogonal to the arm. Motivated, in particular, by possible applications for walking/running/balancing robots, we consider the Furuta pendulum as a system for which synchronized periodic motions of all the generalized coordinates are to be created and stabilized. The goal is to achieve, via appropriate feedback control action, orbitally exponentially stable oscillations of the pendulum of various shapes around its upright and downward positions, accompanied with oscillations of the arm. Our approach is based on the idea of stabilization of a particular virtual holonomic constraint imposed on the configuration coordinates, which has been theoretically developed recently. Here, we elaborate on the complete design procedure. The results are illustrated not only through numerical simulations but also through successful experimental tests.
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| 23. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Bicarbonate-sensitive cysteine induced elevation of extracellular aspartate and glutamate in rat hippocampus in vitro
- 1997
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Ingår i: Neurochemistry International. - 0197-0186. ; 30:3, s. 253-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of different concentrations of cysteine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) on the net efflux of endogenous amino acids was studied by the incubation of rat hippocampal slices. Addition of cysteine (1 mM) in bicarbonate containing low K+ medium (5 min) selectively increased the basal net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 370% and 396%, respectively. High K+ media (50 mM) containing cysteine (1 mM) evoked the net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 1454% and 1019%, respectively. The corresponding effects in control slices without cysteine were 669% and 404%, respectively. No changes were observed on the concentrations of GABA, glutamine and taurine. The cysteine oxidation products, cysteine sulfinate (0.5 μM) and cystine (0.25 mM) were without effects. The effect of cysteine (0.5 mM) was dramatically reduced in media with no added bicarbonate/CO2. Thus, cysteine in a bicarbonate-sensitive manner selectively increases the extracellular concentration of excitotoxic amino acids in adult rat brain in vitro, possibly by interfering with the carrier-mediated glutamate uptake/ release
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| 24. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Bicarbonate-sensitive cysteine induced elevation of extracellular aspartate and glutamate in rat hippocampus in vitro
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Neurochemistry International. - 0197-0186. ; 30:3, s. 253-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of different concentrations of cysteine (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) on the net efflux of endogenous amino acids was studied by the incubation of rat hippocampal slices. Addition of cysteine (1 mM) in bicarbonate containing low K+ medium (5 min) selectively increased the basal net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 370% and 396%, respectively. High K+ media (50 mM) containing cysteine (1 mM) evoked the net efflux of glutamate and aspartate by 1 454% and 1 019%, respectively. The corresponding effects in control slices without cysteine were 669% and 404%, respectively. No changes were observed on the concentrations of GABA, glutamine and taurine. The cysteine oxidation products, cysteine sulfinate (0.5 μM) and cystine (0.25 mM) were without effects. The effect of cysteine (0.5 mM) was dramatically reduced in media with no added bicarbonate/CO2. Thus, cysteine in a bicarbonate-sensitive manner selectively increases the extracellular concentration of excitotoxic amino acids in adult rat brain in vitro, possibly by interfering with the carrier-mediated glutamate uptake/ release
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ahlen, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Toward Wireless Control in Industrial Process Automation : A Case Study at a Paper Mill
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Control Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1066-033X .- 1941-000X. ; 39:5, s. 36-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless sensors and networks are used only occasionally in current control loops in the process industry. With rapid developments in embedded and highperformance computing, wireless communication, and cloud technology, drastic changes in the architecture and operation of industrial automation systems seem more likely than ever. These changes are driven by ever-growing demands on production quality and flexibility. However, as discussed in "Summary," there are several research obstacles to overcome. The radio communication environment in the process industry is often troublesome, as the environment is frequently cluttered with large metal objects, moving machines and vehicles, and processes emitting radio disturbances [1], [2]. The successful deployment of a wireless control system in such an environment requires careful design of communication links and network protocols as well as robust and reconfigurable control algorithms.
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| 28. |
- Ahlén, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Wireless Control in Industrial Process Automation : A Case Study at a Paper Mill
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1066-033X .- 1941-000X. ; 39:5, s. 36-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless sensors and networks are used only occasionally in current control loops in the process industry. With rapid developments in embedded and highperformance computing, wireless communication, and cloud technology, drastic changes in the architecture and operation of industrial automation systems seem more likely than ever. These changes are driven by ever-growing demands on production quality and flexibility. However, as discussed in "Summary," there are several research obstacles to overcome. The radio communication environment in the process industry is often troublesome, as the environment is frequently cluttered with large metal objects, moving machines and vehicles, and processes emitting radio disturbances [1], [2]. The successful deployment of a wireless control system in such an environment requires careful design of communication links and network protocols as well as robust and reconfigurable control algorithms.
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| 29. |
- Ahmadi, Zainab, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement of the modified Medical Research Council and New York Heart Association scales for assessing the impact of self-rated breathlessness in cardiopulmonary disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The functional impact of breathlessness is assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for chronic respiratory disease and with the New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA) scale for heart failure. We evaluated agreement between the scales and their concurrent validity with other clinically relevant patient-reported outcomes in cardiorespiratory disease.Methods: Outpatients with stable chronic respiratory disease or heart failure were recruited. Agreement between the mMRC and NYHA scales was analysed using Cramér's V and Kendall's tau B tests. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlations with clinically relevant measures of breathlessness, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life. Analyses were conducted for all participants and separately in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure.Results: In a total of 182 participants with cardiorespiratory disease, the agreement between the mMRC and NYHA scales was moderate (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.57) with similar results for COPD (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.66) and heart failure (Cramér's V: 0.46; Kendall's tau B: 0.67). In the total population, the scales correlated in similar ways to other patient-reported outcomes.Conclusion: In outpatients with cardiorespiratory disease, the mMRC and NYHA scales show moderate to strong correlations and similar associations with other patient-reported outcomes. This supports that the scales are comparable when assessing the impact of breathlessness on function and patient-reported outcomes.
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| 30. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Vi står gärna bakom en utfallsbaserad vård
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jörgen Nordenström försöker få det till att vår kritik av värdebaserad vård egentligen handlar om att vi vill ha mer resurser. Han har helt missuppfattat oss, skriver 26 specialistläkare i en replik.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Alderborn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically modified plants for non-food or non-feed purposes : straightforward screening for their appearance in food and feed
- 2010
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 48:2, s. 453-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetically modified (GM) plants aimed at producing food/feed are part of regular agriculture in many areas of the World. Commodity plants have also found application as bioreactors, designated non-food/non-feed GM (NFGM) plants, thereby making raw material for further refinement to industrial, diagnostic or pharmaceutical preparations. Many among them may pose health challenge to consumers or livestock animals, if occurring in food/feed. NFGM plants are typically released into the environment, but are grown under special oversight and any among several containment practices, none of which provide full protection against accidental dispersal. Adventitious admixture with food or feed can occur either through distributional mismanagement or as a consequence of gene flow to plant relatives. To facilitate NFGM surveillance we propose a new mandatory tagging of essentially all such plants, prior to cultivation or marketing in the European Union. The suggested tag--Plant-Made Industrial or Pharmaceutical Products Tag (PMIP-T)--is envisaged to occur as a transgenic silent DNA identifier in host plants and designed to enable technically simple identification and characterisation of any NFGM. Implementation of PMIP-T would permit inexpensive, reliable and high-throughput screening for NFGM specifically. The paper outlines key NFGM prospects and challenges as well as the PMIP-T concept.
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| 34. |
- Ali, Zaheer, et al.
(författare)
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Intussusceptive Vascular Remodeling Precedes Pathological Neovascularization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1079-5642 .- 1524-4636. ; 39:7, s. 1402-1418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective—Pathological neovascularization is crucial for progression and morbidity of serious diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. While mechanisms of ongoing pathological neovascularization have been extensively studied, the initiating pathological vascular remodeling (PVR) events, which precede neovascularization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of preneovascular PVR, by using the adult choriocapillaris as a model.Approach and Results—Using hypoxia or forced overexpression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the subretinal space to induce PVR in zebrafish and rats respectively, and by analyzing choriocapillaris membranes adjacent to choroidal neovascular lesions from age-related macular degeneration patients, we show that the choriocapillaris undergo robust induction of vascular intussusception and permeability at preneovascular stages of PVR. This PVR response included endothelial cell proliferation, formation of endothelial luminal processes, extensive vesiculation and thickening of the endothelium, degradation of collagen fibers, and splitting of existing extravascular columns. RNA-sequencing established a role for endothelial tight junction disruption, cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicle- and cilium biogenesis in this process. Mechanistically, using genetic gain- and loss-of-function zebrafish models and analysis of primary human choriocapillaris endothelial cells, we determined that HIF (hypoxia-induced factor)-1α-VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signaling was important for hypoxia-induced PVR.Conclusions—Our findings reveal that PVR involving intussusception and splitting of extravascular columns, endothelial proliferation, vesiculation, fenestration, and thickening is induced before neovascularization, suggesting that identifying and targeting these processes may prevent development of advanced neovascular disease in the future.Visual Overview—An online visual overview is available for this article.
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| 35. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 5:4, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence. Results On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates. Conclusions We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Emmelie, et al.
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för krisberedskap och totalförsvar i Sverige
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingen av totalförsvaret och framväxten av området samhällsskydd och beredskap. Den ska ge en övergripande bild av hur det ser ut idag på lokal, regional och nationell nivå inom krisberedskap och totalförsvar. Det bör nämnas att rapporten främst fokuserar på utvecklingen av och förändringar i den civila delen i totalförsvaret samt på samhällsskydd och beredskap.Syftet är att ge läsaren en förståelse för dagens krisberedskap och totalförsvar. För att få en uppfattning för varför vi befinner oss där vi är idag, är det av vikt att ha med sig en bild av historiska händelser, förändrade hotbilder och av de beslut (och ickebeslut) som fattats.Författarna vill betona att rapporten ingalunda ger en komplett bild av krisberedskap eller totalförsvar, utan är tänkt att skapa intresse, kunskap och förståelse på ett övergripande plan.Rapporten ska främst ses som ett stöd för högskolestudenter, beslutsfattare och handläggare genom att ge en översiktlig beskrivning över de system och funktioner som utgör svensk krisberedskap och totalförsvar. Rapporten kan läsas i sin helhet, men kan också användas som ett slags uppslagsverk för den läsare som är intresserad av en särskild tidsperiod, händelse eller ett beslut.
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| 38. |
- Andersson, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Kollegialt Lärande i Örebros Skolor – KLÖS-projektet : Hur kan lärares kollegiala lärprocesser stödjas i syfte att skapa hållbara strukturer för utvecklingsarbete?
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet KLÖS har undersökt hur lärares kollegiala lärprocesser kan stödjas i syfte att skapa hållbara strukturer för utvecklingsarbete. Målet var att skapa en Örebromodell för kollegialt lärande. En avslutande reflektion kring resultatet är att etableringen av denna modell kräver ett omfattande engagemang och tar tid att få på plats. Det är vår uppfattning att ett flertal aspekter återstår att undersöka. Bland annat är det intressant att undersöka hur arbetet med det kollegiala lärandet fortskrider på pilotskolan. Frågor som är intressanta är: Vilka faktorer har betydelse för att arbetet med kollegialt lärande ska bli permanent och fungera som ett naturligt sätt att arbeta med utveckling av praktiken? Vad blir resultatet av de utvecklingsomgångar som genomförts? Hur följs detta resultat upp och leder det till bestående gynnsamma förändringar? Frågorna handlar om hållbarhet och därmed om hur projektet går från att vara ett projekt som avslutas och glöms bort till att bli ett levande verktyg för utvecklingsarbete som kan göra en verklig skillnad i och för praktiken över tid. Eftersom mycket tid och resurser används till utvecklingsarbete i skolan är det viktigt att det arbete som görs verkligen leder till en konkret och för verksamheten gynnsam förändring. Det innebär att frågan om utvecklings- arbetets hållbarhet är en av de viktigaste frågorna. Det verktyg som utvecklats i projektet och som kommit att symbolisera det kollegiala arbetet på pilotskolan är KLÖS-hjulet. Frågan om hur KLÖS-hjulet 2.0 kan utvecklas och anpassas så att det verkligen blir ett flexibelt och användbart verktyg för att stötta det kollegiala lärandet är kanske den alla viktigaste konkreta frågan. Frågor som är besläktade med frågan om hållbarhet är de som syftar till att undersöka hur det kollegiala lärandet kan bli mer robust. Till dessa hör frågor om hur lärledarens roll kan förstärkas, hur verktyg som stöttar lärares observation och analys av den egna verksamheten kan designas, hur ansvar och engagemang på alla nivåer kan förstärkas och bli synligt samt hur arbetet med kollegialt lärande kan utvärderas. Vi har under projektets gång sett hur lärare behöver stöd i arbetet med att systematiskt identifiera behov i verksamheten för att sedan utforska möjligheter att utveckla och förändra praktiken. Medverkan från forskare som ställt frågor, problematiserat och belyst olika perspektiv har i flera fall varit avgörande för hur ett utvecklingsbehov har identifierats, avgränsats och formulerats som en undersökningsbar fråga. Det är av avgörande betydelse att utvecklingsarbetet inte står och faller med denna medverkan. Verksamheten måste själv ta fram strukturer för hur lärare och lärledare får ett tillfredsställande stöd i sitt utvecklingsarbete så att de har möjlighet att göra kollegialt lärande till en naturlig del av sitt arbete där de känner sig så bekanta med KLÖS-hjulet att de själva kan ställa de frågor som krävs. Således behöver många funktioner, både centralt och lokalt samverka för att vidareutveckla och stötta kollegialt lärande för att utveckla undervisningen i Örebro skolor.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Andrén Sandberg, Ake, et al.
(författare)
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Early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Is this possible?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Pancreas. - 1590-8577. ; 3:5, s. 25-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One out of ten cases of acute pancreatitis develops into severe acute pancreatitis which is a life threatening disorder with a high mortality rate. The other nine cases are self limiting and need very little therapy. The specificity of good clinical judgement on admission, concerning the prognosis of the attack, is high (high specificity) but misses a lot of severe cases (low sensitivity). The prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis was first suggested by John HC Ranson in 1974. Much effort has been put into finding a simple scoring system or a good biochemical marker for selecting the severe cases of acute pancreatitis immediately on admission. Today C-reactive protein is the method of choice although this marker is not valid until 48-72 hours after the onset of pain. Inflammatory mediators upstream from CRP like interleukin-6 and other cytokines are likely to react faster and preliminary results for some of these mediators look promising. Another successful approach has been to study markers for the activation of trypsinogen such as TAP and CAPAP. This is based on studies showing that active trypsin is the initial motor of the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. In the near future a combined clinical and laboratory approach for early severity prediction will be the most reliable. Clinical judgement predicts 1/3 of the severe cases on admission and early markers for either inflammation or trypsinogen activation should accurately identify 50-60% of the mild cases among the rest, thus missing only 2-4% of the remaining severe cases. One problem is that there is no simple and fast method to analyze any of these parameters.
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| 42. |
- Arnell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Naturvägledning i Sverige - en översikt
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvägledning handlar om att förmedla kunskap om och väcka känslor för naturen och kulturlandskapet. Naturvägledare finns i många verksamheter och kallas ofta för något annat i sin vardag: naturguide, museipedagog, ekoturismföretagare, naturinformatör. Centrum för naturvägledning presenterar i rapporten Naturvägledning i Sverige en bred översikt över begrepp, historik, och pågående aktiviteter inom svensk naturvägledning, med en internationell utblick. Rapporten bygger bland annat på intervjuer och enkäter med cirka 100 personer, som ger sin bilder av mål, glädjeämnen och utmaningar med arbetet som naturvägledare.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Baaz, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Appreciating Lessons Learned
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE Software. ; 27:4, s. 72-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Baum, Seth D., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term trajectories of human civilization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Foresight. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1463-6689 .- 1465-9832. ; 21:11, s. 53-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to formalize long-term trajectories of human civilization as a scientific and ethical field of study. The long-term trajectory of human civilization can be defined as the path that human civilization takes during the entire future time period in which human civilization could continue to exist. Design/methodology/approach: This paper focuses on four types of trajectories: status quo trajectories, in which human civilization persists in a state broadly similar to its current state into the distant future; catastrophe trajectories, in which one or more events cause significant harm to human civilization; technological transformation trajectories, in which radical technological breakthroughs put human civilization on a fundamentally different course; and astronomical trajectories, in which human civilization expands beyond its home planet and into the accessible portions of the cosmos. Findings: Status quo trajectories appear unlikely to persist into the distant future, especially in light of long-term astronomical processes. Several catastrophe, technological transformation and astronomical trajectories appear possible. Originality/value: Some current actions may be able to affect the long-term trajectory. Whether these actions should be pursued depends on a mix of empirical and ethical factors. For some ethical frameworks, these actions may be especially important to pursue.
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| 47. |
- Bayer, C., et al.
(författare)
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Computational error estimates for Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with nearly crossing potential surfaces
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Mathematics Research eXpress. - : Oxford University Press. - 1687-1200 .- 1687-1197. ; :2, s. 329-417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difference of the values of observables for the time-independent Schrödinger equation, with matrix-valued potentials, and the values of observables for ab initio Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, of the ground state, depends on the probability to be in excited states, and the electron/nuclei mass ratio. The paper first proves an error estimate (depending on the electron/nuclei mass ratio and the probability to be in excited states) for this difference of microcanonical observables, assuming that molecular dynamics space-time averages converge, with a rate related to the maximal Lyapunov exponent. The error estimate is uniform in the number of particles and the analysis does not assume a uniform lower bound on the spectral gap of the electron operator and consequently the probability to be in excited states can be large. A numerical method to determine the probability to be in excited states is then presented, based on Ehrenfest molecular dynamics, and stability analysis of a perturbed eigenvalue problem.
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| 48. |
- Bayer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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How accurate is molecular dynamics?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Born-Oppenheimer dynamics is shown to provide an accurate approximation of time-independent Schrödinger observables for a molecular system with an electron spectral gap, in the limit of large ratio of nuclei and electron masses, without assuming that the nuclei are localized to vanishing domains. The derivation, based on a Hamiltonian system interpretation of the Schrödinger equation and stability of the corresponding hitting time Hamilton-Jacobi equation for non ergodic dynamics, bypasses the usual separation of nuclei and electron wave functions, includes caustic states and gives a different perspective on theBorn-Oppenheimer approximation, Schrödinger Hamiltonian systems and numerical simulation in molecular dynamics modeling at constant energy.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Bedövning vid slakt av fisk
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Sverige produceras cirka 11 100 ton matfisk per år, varav ungefär 89 % regnbåge, 11 % fjällröding och en mycket liten andel övrig fisk. Huvuddelen av den svenska matfiskproduktionen sker i s.k. kassodling d.v.s. flytande nätkassar. Bedövning, strupskärning och avblodning sker som regel på den plats där fisken hållits. Majoriteten av all matfisk från svenska producenter bedövas med koldioxid medan en dryg tredjedel bedövas med elektricitet, räknat per vikt. Endast en mindre del bedövas mekaniskt, även om manuell klubbning är en vanlig metod i småskalig produktion. Bedövning med kemiska metoder, eller med nedkylning, förekommer sannolikt inte. Bedövningsmetoden sammanhänger i viss mån med andra steg i slaktprocessen som då också behöver beaktas vid jämförelse av olika bedövningsmetoder. Samhällets ökande krav på god djurvälfärd gäller även fiskproduktion och näringen försöker möta dessa krav. Fiskar är en heterogen grupp och det går inte att definiera välfärdskriterier generellt utan dessa måste vara artspecifika. Ny teknik gör det dock möjligt att studera välfärdsfaktorer även hos fisk och under alla delar av uppfödningen, inklusive slaktprocessen. Detta kan leda fram till artspecifika rekommendationer och på sikt öka välfärden för odlad fisk. Synliga indikatorer på medvetande, såsom beteendemässiga reaktioner, kan användas för att under praktiska förhållanden avgöra om en bedövning har misslyckats, men avsaknaden av sådana reaktioner är inte bevis på att fisken är medvetslös. I brist på vetenskapligt utvärderade och praktiskt tillämpbara indikatorer för att med säkerhet avgöra att en bedövning har lyckats, att fisken är medvetslös, krävs i dagsläget mätningar av hjärnaktivitet, vilket hittills endast har kunnat utföras under försöksmässiga betingelser. Det saknas studier som visar att gas är lämplig för bedövning av laxfiskar och sådan bedövning bör därför tills vidare undvikas. Induktionstiden är alltid flera minuter lång. Koldioxidexponering orsakar kramper, flyktbeteende och fysiologisk stress hos laxfiskar, oavsett koncentration och kombination med andra gaser. Placering i kar med vattenlösning av koldioxid är därför inte en etiskt acceptabel metod för bedövning eller avlivning. Trots detta bedövas majoriteten av all svenskproducerad matfisk med koldioxid. Information om hur exponering för kvävgas och kolmonoxid påverkar fiskarna är knapphändig och motstridande. Dessutom är det oklart hur gasbedövning med kvävgas och kolmonoxid påverkar medvetandet hos fisk, varför det inte går att avgöra om gaserna har potential att ge en effektiv bedövning eller ej. Fler studier av hur kvävgas och kolmonoxid påverkar fiskarnas välfärd fordras innan lämpligheten hos någon av dessa gaser kan bedömas. Kolmonoxid är också farlig för de personer som hanterar gasen och är därför olämplig ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv.Baserat på de få mätningar av medvetande som gjorts i samband elektrisk bedövning av fisk kan den inte rekommenderas som ensam bedövnings- eller avlivningsmetod om man samtidigt vill bibehålla en hög köttkvalitet, vilket är relevant om produkten ska säljas. Trots detta bedövas drygt en tredjedel av all svenskproducerad matfisk med enbart elektricitet. Däremot kan elektricitet eventuellt användas för att kortvarigt förbedöva fisken så att den blir mer hanterbar under efterföljande bedövning och avlivning. Det förutsätter dock att elbehandlingen sker på ett sätt så att inte köttkvaliteten försämras. Mekanisk bedövning är en av de få nu använda bedövningsmetoderna för fisk (dock ej i bruk vid storskalig kommersiell slakt av laxfisk i Sverige) som genererar omedelbar och irreversibel medvetslöshet. För att lyckas med bedövningen behövs kunskap om fiskens anatomi och att kraften i slaget är tillräckligt stor. Eventuellt kan större precision erhållas genom att använda en handhållen tryckluftspistol eller automatiserad slagmaskin, jämfört med en manuell klubba. För att underlätta hanteringen, maximera slagprecisionen och minimera fiskarnas stress inför bedövning skulle dessutom möjligen förbehandling med ett lugnande kemiskt bedövningsmedel kunna användas. Nejlikolja och dess aktiva komponenter euginol och isoeuginol tycks kunna sänka fiskens stressnivå. Informationen om hur dessa substanser kan användas i fiskuppfödning är knapphändig och ibland motsägelsefull. Det saknas kunskap om huruvida de faktiskt inducerar medvetslöshet, liksom hur de skulle kunna användas för att reducera fiskens stress. Det saknas också information om hur vattentemperaturen påverkar substansens effektivitet. Den vetenskapliga litteraturen är mycket sparsam när det gäller bedövningsmetodernas påverkan ur ett hållbarhets- och konkurrensperspektiv. Den samlade kunskapen är för liten för att tydliga slutsatser ska kunna dras. Möjligen skulle de lokala förutsättningarna för en relativt småskalig svensk fiskproduktion kunna skapa konkurrensfördelar på den internationella marknaden, om en djurvälfärdsmässigt acceptabel bedövning i samband med slakt kan uppnås utan alltför stora investeringar i utrustning och kompetens, samt om mervärdena från en sådan produktion kan realiseras genom påverkan på efterfrågan eller betalningsviljan. Dessa effekter har dock inte studerats vetenskapligt. Utveckling av bedövningsmetoder som kan bidra till en hållbar och konkurrenskraftig svensk matfiskproduktion kräver sannolikt samarbete mellan forskare och fiskproducenter.
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