| 1. |
- Gunnarsson, Gudjon, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitory effect of known antioxidants and of press juice from herring (Clupea harengus) light muscle on the generation of free radicals in human monocytes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 54:21, s. 8212-8221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress, which has been linked to various diseases. It has been suggested that antioxidant-rich foods can reduce such oxidative stress. However, the lack of suitable model systems to screen for in vivo effects of food-derived antioxidants has prevented a clear consensus in this area. In this study, the aim was to use a single-cell model system (human monocyte) to evaluate whether certain pure antioxidants and complex muscle extracts (herring light muscle press juice, PJ) could prevent ROS formation under in vivo like conditions. ROS were excreted from the monocytes upon stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and were then detected as isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Adding 2000 units of catalase and 50 units of superoxide dismutase to the monocytes model lowered the CL response by 35 and 86%, respectively. Ascorbate (14.1 mM) lowered the response by 99%, alpha-tocoperhol (188 microM) by 37%, and Trolox (50 microM) by almost 100%. Crude herring PJ gave a dose-dependent reduction in the CL response. At 10, 100, and 1000 times dilution, the PJ reduced the CL signal by 93, 60.5, and 10.6%. PJ fractionated into low molecular weight (LMW) (<1000 Da) and high molecular weight (>3500 Da) fractions decreased the CL response by 52.9 and 71.4%, respectively, at a 100-fold dilution. Evaluation of the PJ samples in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity test indicated that proteins may be the primary radical scavenging compounds of PJ, whereas the ROS-preventing effect obtained from the LMW fraction may also be attributed to other mechanisms. Thus, this study proved that the monocyte assay can be a useful tool for studying whether food-derived antioxidants can limit ROS production under physiologically relevant conditions. It also showed that herring contains numerous aqueous compounds demonstrating antioxidative effects in the monocyte model system.
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| 2. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Serum levels of Vitamin A and Atopic Rhinoconjunctivitis in Swedish adolescents
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of food science and nutrition therapy. - 2641-3043. ; 3:1, s. 014-019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Vitamin A plays a role in mucosal immunity and tolerance, but the association between vitamin A status and allergy is still unclear. The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of vitamin A in serum from adolescents with or without atopic rhinoconjunctivitis. Method: Thirteen-year-old children with atopic rhinoconjunctivitis (n = 53) and non-allergic, non-sensitized controls (n = 52) were randomly selected from a population based prospective birth cohort comprising 1228 children in Northern Sweden born in 1996-1997. Vitamin A (retinol) concentrations in serum were measured with high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between allergy prevalence and serum vitamin A levels. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed no association between serum vitamin A levels and atopic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence; OR = 1.00 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.00), p = 0.81. Stratification for gender revealed a trend for a higher risk for having atopic rhinoconjunctivitis with higher concentrations of vitamin A in serum for females, OR = 1.02 (1.00-1.05), p = 0.07. No such associations were found in male subjects OR = 0.99 (0.97-1.01), p = 0.15. A dose-response relationship between allergy and vitamin A concentrations were also calculated but no such relationships were found, neither for all subjects nor for male and females separately. Conclusions: Serum levels of vitamin A could neither be positively nor negatively associated with atopic rhinoconjunctivitis in Swedish teenagers.
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| 3. |
- Bergkvist, Sharon W, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Improved iron solubility in carrot juice fermented by homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria
- 2005
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Ingår i: Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0740-0020 .- 1095-9998. ; 22:1, s. 53-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate lactic acid fermentation as a means to increase the availability of iron in carrot juice, two strains (Lactobacillus pentosus FSC1 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides FSC2), two types of carrot juice and two modes of fermentation were compared. Fermentation improved iron solubility up to 30 fold. The total mineral content and the yield of soluble iron differed between the two types of juice. Addition of pectolytic enzyme and cellulase further improved iron solubility in fermented juice by about 10%. L. pentosus FSC1 yielded the largest improvement in soluble iron, which was not simply a result of a decrease in pH. The concentration of soluble iron in Ln. mesenteroides FSC2 fermentation was linearly related to the major acids produced. Besides, the mineral inhibitor phytate was completely degraded in all the fermentations. Lactic acid fermentation strongly improves iron solubility in carrot juice. The level of improvement was strain specific and related to the produced acids rather than a simple pH effect. Composition of carrot juice and addition of viscosity-reducing enzymes also contributed to this improvement. Our study suggests that carrot juice with high mineral availability may be achieved by fermentation using selected starter cultures, substrate and process.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Castro-Alba, Vanesa, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of fermentation and dry roasting on the nutritional quality and sensory attributes of quinoa
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food Science and Nutrition. - : Wiley. - 2048-7177. ; 7:12, s. 3902-3911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundQuinoa is a pseudocereal with relatively high content of proteins and minerals that also contains mineral inhibitors such as phytate. The aim of the present study was to evaluate lactic acid fermentation and dry roasting on the nutritional quality and sensory attributes of quinoa. Various processes were evaluated, and quinoa grains were dry-roasted, milled, and fermented, either with or without the addition of wheat phytase or activated quinoa phytase (added as back-slop starter), for 10 hr. In other processes, raw quinoa flour was fermented for 10 hr or 4 hr and dry-roasted. Hedonic sensory evaluation was then performed to evaluate the acceptability of the fermented flours prepared as porridges. ResultsThe combined dry roasting and fermentation processes significantly (p < .05) degraded phytate between 30% and 73% from initial content. The most effective process was fermentation of raw quinoa flour followed by dry roasting, which improved the estimated zinc and iron bioavailability. Particularly, estimated zinc bioavailability improved from low (Phy:Zn 25.4, PhyZn:Ca 295) to moderate (Phy:Zn 7.14, PhyZn:Ca 81.5). Phytate degradation was mainly attributed to the activation of endogenous phytase during fermentation. Dry roasting was effective in improving the sensory attributes of the fermented quinoa flour. Porridge made with raw quinoa flour fermented for 4 hr and dry-roasted was more favorable to overall acceptability than that which was fermented for 10 hr and dry-roasted. ConclusionFermentation of quinoa flour for 4 hr followed by dry roasting was successful in improving both nutritional and sensory attributes of the final product.
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| 9. |
- Fredrikson, Mattias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Phytate content and phytate degradation by endogenous phytase in pea (Pisum sativum)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 1097-0010 .- 0022-5142. ; 81:12, s. 1139-1144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to rapidly reduce the content of inositol tri-hexaphosphates in pea flour by action of the endogenous phytase, raw materials as well as incubation conditions have been evaluated. The phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) content was analysed in 27 pea varieties; the influence of storage time and the difference in phytate content between the germ and the cotyledon were determined. Furthermore, degradation of inositol phosphates by the endogenous phytase enzyme was studied in pea flour, germ and cotyledon. To find the maximum phytate degradation, the effects of temperature and pH during pea flour incubation were investigated. The most efficient phytate degradation in pea flour incubation was achieved at pH 7.5 and 45 degreesC. At this condition an almost complete degradation of phytate and a 66% reduction in the sum of inositol hexa-, penta-, tetra- and triphosphates were reached in 10h. The storage time of pea seeds or removal of the germ did not have a major effect on the phytate content. Since several inositol pentaphosphate isomers were produced during phytate degradation, it can be concluded that peas contain several phytate-degrading enzymes, or one phytate-degrading enzyme with unspecific initial hydrolysation pattern.
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| 10. |
- Fredrikson, Mattias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Production process for high-quality pea-protein isolate with low content of oligosaccharides and phytate
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 49:3, s. 1208-1212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process for pea-protein isolate production, resulting in low content of phytate and oligosaccharides, has been developed. Oligosaccharides were removed from the protein fraction through ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration of 50- and 100-kD molecular-weight cutoffs (MWCOs) were tested, and both effectively separated the oligosaccharides from the protein. Phytate degradation was achieved by incubation of the pea-protein solution by addition of exogenous phytase enzyme. An almost complete degradation of inositol hexa-, penta-, tetra-, and triphosphates was reached using an incubation time of 1 h. The reduced content of oligosaccharides and inositol phosphates is likely to result in reduced flatulence and improved mineral bioavailability. These qualities of the pea-protein isolate make it a suitable protein source for infant formula production.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gabrielsson, Britt, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1107-3756 .- 1791-244X. ; 29:3, s. 331-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and high fish intake has been associated with vascular health in population studies. However, intervention studies have been inconclusive. In this study, male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given 16-week high fat/high sucrose diets, supplemented with either minced herring fillets or minced beef. The diets were matched in total fat and cholesterol content; taurine content and fatty acid composition was analysed. Body weights were recorded throughout the study; plasma lipids were analysed at week 8 and 16. Body composition and adipocyte size were evaluated at study end. Atherosclerosis was evaluated at week 12 (ultrasound) and at termination (en face histology). Herring-fed mice had a higher proportion of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) and phospholipid fractions. The herring-fed mice had increased body weight (P=0.007), and reduced epididymal adipocyte size (P=0.009), despite similar food intake and body composition as the beef-fed mice. The herring-fed mice had lower plasma TAG and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations throughout the study (TAG; P=0.0012 and 0.004, VLDL-cholesterol; P=0.006 and 0.041, week 8 and 16, respectively). At week 16, the herring-fed had higher plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (P=0.004) and less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch (P=0.007) compared with the beef-fed mice. In conclusion, dietary herring in comparison to beef markedly improved vascular health in this mouse model, suggesting that herring provides an added value beyond its content of macronutrients.
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| 13. |
- Hall, Ulrika Andersson, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 10:11, s. 1629-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D).We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Haraldsson, Ann-Katrin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Digestion of barley malt porridges in a gastrointestinal model: Iron dialysability, iron uptake by Caco-2 cells and degradation of beta-glucan
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9963 .- 0733-5210. ; 42:2, s. 243-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron availability and degradation of (1 → 3,1 → 4)-β-D-glucan (β-glucan) in three whole grain porridges made from two optimised barley malts and unprocessed barley were studied in a dynamic gastrointestinal model. The malting processes, with steeping at 15 or 48°C with lactic acid (LA), enabled a complete reduction of phytate by subsequent soaking of ground malt, still with well preserved β-glucan. Iron dialysability and iron uptake by Caco-2 cells were higher in phytate reduced porridges, compared to the reference porridge. During simulated digestion, the extractability of β-glucan increased and the Calcofluor average molecular weight decreased for all porridges, indicating a gradual degradation during passage through the model. The degradation rate, however, appeared lower in porridge prepared from malted barley steeped at 48°C with LA. The gastrointestinal model ranked iron availability according to human absorption data and showed high repeatability when evaluating changes in β-glucan. The results indicate the potential for using high temperature steeping with LA to yield improved iron availability combined with reduced degradation of β-glucan in the small intestine, maintaining the beneficial properties of barley. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Haros, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Phytate degradation by human gut isolated Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ATCC27919 and its probiotic potential
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3460 .- 0168-1605. ; 135:1, s. 7-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing awareness of the relationship between diet and health has led to an increasing demand for food products that support health above and beyond providing basic nutrition. Probiotics are live organisms present in foods, which yield health benefits related to their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract. Phytases are a subgroup of phosphatases that catalyse the desphosphorylation of phytate, which reduces its negative impact on mineral bioavailability, and generates lower inositol phosphates. The aims of this investigation were to (i) study the ability of the probiotic candidate Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum to degrade phytate in synthetic medium, to (ii) identify the lower inositol phosphates generated, to (iii) study its survival under conditions mimicking gastrointestinal passage and finally to (iv) assess adhesion of the bacteria to Caco-2 cells. The first steps of InsP(6) degradation by B. pseudocatenulatum phytate-degrading enzyme/s were preferentially initiated at the DL-6-position and 5-position of the myo-inositol ring. It suggests that the main InsP(6) degradation pathway by B. pseudocatenulatum by sequential removal of phosphate groups was D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P(5) or D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P(5); D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4)P(4); to finally Ins(1,2,3)P(3) and D/L-Ins(1,2,4)P(3)/D/L-Ins(1,3,4)P(3). This human strain also showed a notable tolerance to bile as well as a selective adhesion capacity (adhesion to control surfaces was zero), to human intestinal Caco-2 cells comparable to the commercial probiotic B. lactis. The phytate-degrading activity constitutes a novel metabolic trait which could contribute to the improvement of mineral absorption in the intestine as a nutritional probiotic feature with potential trophic effect in human gut.
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| 18. |
- Hoffmann, Karolina, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro digestive stability of complexes between gliadin and synthetic blocking peptides
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0885-4513 .- 1470-8744. ; 58:3, s. 190-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celiac disease is caused by an inappropriate immune response to incompletely digested gluten proteins. We investigated whether synthetic peptides with high affinity to wheat gliadin could be selected with a phage display technique and whether complexes between such peptides and gliadin could sustain gastric and pancreatic digestion. Two synthetic peptides, P61 and P64, were selected because of their high affinity to immobilized gliadin. They were allowed to form complexes with gliadin, whereafter the complexes were subjected to in vitro digestion with gastric and pancreatic enzymes. The digestion products were analyzed with Western blot and RP HPLC. The results showed that both peptides formed stable complexes with intact gliadin and that complexes between gliadin and peptide P64 partly resisted gastrointestinal digestion. The two peptides reduced the binding of serum anti-gliadin IgA antibodies by 12%, and 11.5%, respectively, and the binding of anti-gliadin antibodies of the IgG isotype by 13% and 10%. Thus peptides produced by a phage display technique could interact stably with gliadin partly masking epitopes for antibody binding. A combination of peptides of this kind may be used to block gliadin-immune system interactions.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Jacobsen, Hans Jákup, et al.
(författare)
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Enzyme pre-treatment of soybean meal: Effects on non-starch carbohydrates, protein, phytic acid, and saponin biotransformation and digestibility in mink (Neovison vison)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401. ; 236, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study was conducted to examine if crude enzymes (E) produced from Aspergillus niger by solid state fermentation could bio-transform carbohydrates, proteins, inositol phosphate (InsP) and saponins in soybean meal (SBM) under low moisture conditions. Two experiments were performed to determine the effect of mixing, moisture content, treatment time and E levels during enzyme hydrolysis. 1) A single replicate 2 3 full factorial screening design was used to determine the effect of the independent continuous variables time (30 and 70 min), moisture (350 and 450 g kg −1 DM), and the category variable mixing (i.e. effect of static conditions vs. active mixing (X3, S/M)) during the enzyme hydrolysis. 2) A three factorial central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effects of moisture content (316–484 g kg −1 DM), time of hydrolysis (16.4–83.6 min), and E content (0.32-3.68 g kg −1 SBM dry matter (DM)). The first experiment demonstrated that hydrolysis of InsP 6 was significantly affected by time (P < 0.01), moisture content (P < 0.0001) and static vs. mixing (P < 0.01). The hydrolysis of Bb-DDMP was also significantly affected by static vs. mixing (P < 0.05). The second experiment demonstrated that the hydrolysis of InsP 6 was significantly affected by time (P < 0.001), moisture (P ˂ 0.001) and enzyme content (P ˂ 0.01). The InsP 6 content was reduced 84% after 70 min, at a moisture content of 450 g kg −1 DM with the addition of 3 g enzyme kg −1 SBM DM, the InsP 5 -InsP 3 were not accumulated at these parameter settings. The hydrolysis of the saponin group Bb was explained by the enzyme square regressor (P < 0.001) and the interaction between moisture and enzyme (P < 0.001) reaching a maximum by the addition of 2.5 g enzymes kg −1 SBM DM at 484 g kg −1 moisture content. No significant effects on soluble protein and dietary fiber were observed. Mink were fed three diets containing 50% of the protein from SBM, SBM treated without enzymes or treated with enzymes. There was a trend of improved ash apparent digestibility in mink by the enzyme treatment (P = 0.07), but not for phosphorous. The apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids (AA) in mink was improved by the heat treatment used to inactivate the enzymes (P < 0.001), however, not by the enzyme treatment itself.
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| 21. |
- Lazarte, Claudia E., et al.
(författare)
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Phytate, zinc, iron and calcium content of common Bolivian food, and implications for mineral bioavailability
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1575 .- 1096-0481. ; 39, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The content of zinc, iron, calcium and phytate in the 16 most consumed foods from 5 villages in a tropical rural area of Bolivia was analyzed. The fooditems were selected according to a completed food frequency questionnaire. Minerals were analyzed by atomic absorption and phytates by HPIC chromatography. The molar ratios of phytate:mineral are presented as indication of the mineral bioavailability. Within the analyzed food, quinoa is a potential source of minerals: zinc 3.65, iron 5.40 and calcium 176 mg/100 g; however, it also has the highest content of phytate 2060 mg/100 g. Cereals and legumes showed high concentration of phytates (from 142 to 2070 mg/100 g), roots and tubers have lower concentrations (from 77 to 427 mg/100 g). In general, both phytate contents and molar ratios Phy:Zn (phytate:zinc), Phy:Fe (phytate:iron) and Phy:Ca (phytate:calcium) in most of the analyzed foods were at levels likely to inhibit the absorption of these minerals. Significant positive associations (p < 0.01) were found between the level of phytate and minerals in food, for zinc (r = 0.714), iron (r = 0.650) and calcium (r = 0.415). The results compared to data from USA or from Bolivia showed some discrepancies, confirming the need for more reliable data for dietary evaluations and interventions. (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 22. |
- Malmberg, Per, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to measuring vitamin D in human adipose tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: A pilot study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B: Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1011-1344. ; 138, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circulating concentrations of vitamin D, 25(OH)D, and 1,25(OH)2D are lower in obese than lean individuals, but little is known about the adipose tissue content of these molecules. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility to use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to measure vitamin D and its metabolites in fat tissue in obese and lean subjects. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained from three lean and three obese women, and paired biopsies SAT and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were obtained from three obese subjects during gastric bypass surgery. TOF-SIMS was used to measure vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in adipose tissue. We found that vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in adipose tissue can be measured with TOF-SIMS. In adipose tissue, vitamin D3 and its metabolites were located in adipocyte lipid droplets. The content of vitamin D3 (P = 0.006) and 25(OH)D3 (P = 0.018) were lower in SAT in obese compared with lean women. TOF-SIMS has the potential to semi-quantitatively measure vitamin D metabolites in adipose tissue, and offers a possibility to compare vitamin D levels in different depots and groups of individuals. It also gives the opportunity to explore the localization of vitamin D metabolites at a cellular level.
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| 23. |
- Mayer Labba, Cecilia, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Lower Non-Heme Iron Absorption in Healthy Females from Single Meals with Texturized Fava Bean Protein Compared to Beef and Cod Protein Meals: Two Single-Blinded Randomized Trials.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meat analogs based on plant protein extracts are rising in popularity as meat consumption declines. A dietary shift away from meat, which has a high iron bioavailability, may have a negative effect on the amount of iron absorbed from the diet. Iron absorption from legumes cultivated in regions not suitable for soy production, such as fava bean, has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate non-heme iron absorption from a meal with texturized fava bean protein compared to beef and cod protein meals. The study included two single-blinded iron isotope trials in healthy Swedish women of the ages 18-45 years, each of whom served as their own control. The participants were served matched test meals containing beef and fava bean protein (Study 1) or cod and fava bean protein (Study 2) with radiolabeled non-heme iron 55Fe and 59Fe. The absorption of non-heme iron from test meals was measured by whole-body counting and erythrocyte incorporation. The absorption of non-heme iron, measured as erythrocyte incorporation ratio, from beef protein meal was 4.2 times higher compared to texturized fava bean meal, and absorption from cod protein meal was 2.7 times higher compared to the fava bean meal. The adjusted non-heme iron absorption, normalized to a 40% reference dose uptake, was 9.2% for cod protein meal, 21.7% for beef protein meal, and 4.2% for texturized fava bean meal. A fava bean protein meal has markedly lower iron bioavailability in healthy females compared with a meal of beef or cod protein. Therefore, a dietary shift from meat and fish protein to fava bean protein may increase the risk of iron deficiency.
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| 24. |
- Omerovic, Elmir, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Aqueous fish extract increases survival in the mouse model of cytostatic toxicity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-9966 .- 0392-9078. ; 4:27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Treatment of cancer patients with anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin (DOX) may be complicated by development of acute and chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), malignant arrhythmias and death. The aim of this study was to test whether an aqueous low molecular weight (LMW) extract from cod muscle decreases acute mortality in the mouse model of acute CHF caused by DOX. Methods: A LMW fraction (< 500 Da) of the aqueous phase of cod light muscle (AOX) was used for treatment of male BALB/c mice (similar to 25 g, n = 70). The animals were divided into four groups, DOX + AOX (n = 20), DOX + saline (NaCl) (n = 30), NaCl + AOX (n = 10) and NaCl only (n = 10). Echocardiography was performed in the separate subgroups (DOX treated n = 6 and controls n = 6) to verify the presence and the grade of acute CHF. The cod extract was delivered by subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps over the period of 2 weeks. High-dose injection of DOX was administered to randomly selected animals. The animals received single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (25 mg/kg) and were followed over two weeks for mortality. Results: Mortality rate was 68% lower (p < 0.05) in the mice treated with the extract. The analyses of cod extract have shown strong antioxidative effect in vitro. Conclusion: The aqueous LMW cod muscles extract decreases mortality in the mouse model of DOX induced acute CHF. This effect may be mediated by cardioprotection through antioxidative mechanisms.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Sannaveerappa, Thippeswamy, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidative Properties of Press Juice From Herring (Clupea harengus) Against Hemoglobin (Hb) Mediated Oxidation of Washed Cod Mince
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. ; 55:23, s. 9581-9591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antioxidative effect of herring (Clupea harengus) light muscle press juice (PJ) against hemoglobin-(Hb-) mediated oxidation of washed cod mince during ice storage was tested. The PJ was fractionatedinto low-molecular-weight (LMM; 1, >3.5, and > 50kDa) fractions; it was preheated (10 min, 100 °C) and tested with or without removing heat coagulatedproteins. Its antioxidative effect was compared with that given by endogenous levels of two tentativeantioxidant candidates: ascorbic acid and uric acid. Oxidation was followed by determining rancidodor, peroxide value, and redness. Whole herring PJ and the LMW-PJ fraction significantly (p
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| 31. |
- Shockravi, Soodeh, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Dephytinisation of Sangak and Barbari bread made from different extraction rate flours increases iron and zinc bioaccessibility in Caco-2 cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2621 .- 0950-5423. ; 47:11, s. 2252-2258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bread is a staple food in many countries and an important source of iron and zinc. The bioavailability of these minerals is generally low because of the content of phytic acid. Traditional Iranian breads were prepared with flours of different extraction rates, Sangak at 93% and Barbari at 82%. Breads were dephytinised by addition of Aspergillus niger phytase during in vitro digestion. The effect upon iron and zinc bioaccessibility in the Caco-2 cell model was investigated. The cellular uptake of iron and zinc was lower from Sangak, compared to Barbari, despite higher mineral content in Sangak. Dephytinisation of both breads increased iron uptake in the Caco-2 cells (0.65 vs. 1.64 in Sangak and 0.77 vs. 1.97 ng mg-1 protein in Barbari). Zinc uptake increased from 0.98 to 2.8 in Sangak and from 1.4 to 2.9 ng mg-1 protein in Barbari. Thus, dephytinisation substantially improves iron and zinc bioaccessibility.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 35. |
- Skoglund, E., et al.
(författare)
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Phytate
- 2010
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Ingår i: HEALTHGRAIN Methods: Analysis of Bioactive Components in Small Grain Cereals. - 9780128104538 ; , s. 129-139
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Skoglund, Erika, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Phytate
- 2009
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Ingår i: Healthgrain Methods. Analuysis of Bioactive Components in Small Grain Cereals (Shewry PR & Ward JL, eds). - 9781891127700 ; , s. 129-139
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- VINCENT, ANDREW, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Herring and chicken/pork meals lead to differences in plasma levels of TCA intermediates and arginine metabolites in overweight and obese men and women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125 .- 1613-4133. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: What effect does replacing chicken or pork with herring as the main dietary source of protein have on the human plasma metabolome? Method and results: A randomised crossover trial with 15 healthy obese men and women (age 24-70 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to four weeks of herring diet or a reference diet of chicken and lean pork, five meals per week, followed by a washout and the other intervention arm. Fasting blood serum metabolites were analysed at 0, 2 and 4 weeks for eleven subjects with available samples, using GC-MS based metabolomics. The herring diet decreased plasma citrate, fumarate, isocitrate, glycolate, oxalate, agmatine and methyhistidine and increased asparagine, ornithine, glutamine and the hexosamine glucosamine. Modelling found that the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate, and arginine metabolism were affected by the intervention. The effect on arginine metabolism was supported by an increase in blood nitric oxide in males on the herring diet. Conclusion: The results suggest that eating herring instead of chicken and lean pork leads to important metabolic effects, particularly on energy and amino acid metabolism. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are metabolic effects of herring intake unrelated to the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
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| 40. |
- Ahlström, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot-Scale Protein Recovery from Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Press Cake: Influence of Solids Recirculation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9717. ; 10:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The agricultural sector is responsible for about 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, and thus there is a need to develop new plant-based proteins with lower climate impact. Rapeseed press cake, a by-product from rapeseed oil production, contains 30% high-quality protein. The purpose of this study was to recover protein from cold-pressed rapeseed press cakes on a pilot scale using a decanter and investigate the effect of recirculation of the spent solids fraction on protein yield. Proteins were extracted under alkaline conditions (pH 10.5) followed by precipitation at pH 3.5. Recirculating the spent solids fraction once increased the accumulated protein yield from 70% to 83%. The efficiency of the recovery process was highest in the first and second cycles. The additional yield after the third and fourth cycles was only 2%. The amino acid composition showed high levels of essential amino acids and was not reduced throughout the recovery process. The glucosinolate and phytate content was reduced in the precipitate after one cycle, although additional process steps are needed to further reduce the phytate content and limit the negative effect on mineral uptake.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Cord Blood Levels of EPA, a Marker of Fish Intake, Correlate with Infants' T- and B-Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Risk for Allergic Disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 12:10, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal fish intake during pregnancy has been associated with reduced allergy development in the offspring and here, we hypothesized that components of fish stimulate fetal immune maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate how maternal fish intake during pregnancy and levels of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the infant's cord serum correlated with different subsets of B- and T-cells in cord blood and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in cord plasma, and with doctor-diagnosed allergy at 3 and 8 years of age in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort consisting of 65 families. Principal component analysis showed that infant allergies at 3 or 8 years of age were negatively associated with the proportions of n-3 LCPUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) in infant cord serum, which, in turn correlated positively with maternal fish intake during pregnancy. Both maternal fish intake and cord serum n-3 LCPUFAs correlated negatively to CD5(+) B cells and the FOXP3(+)CD25(high) of the CD4(+) T cell subsets in cord blood, but not to BAFF in cord plasma. Our observational study suggests that fish might contain components that promote maturation of the infant's immune system in a manner that protects against allergy development.
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| 45. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to a farm environment during pregnancy increases the proportion of arachidonic acid in the cord sera of offspring
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing up in a farm environment is protective against allergy development. Various explanations have been put forward to explain this association. Fatty acids are regulators of immune function and the composition of fatty acids in the circulation system may affect immune development. Here, we investigate whether the fatty acid composition of cord serum differs for infants born to Farm (n = 26) or non-Farm mothers (n =29) in the FARMFLORA birth-cohort. For comparison, the levels of fatty acids in the maternal diet, serum and breast milk around 1 month post-partum were recorded. The fatty acids in the cord sera from infants born to Farm mothers had higher proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4 n-6) than those from infants born to non-Farm mothers. No differences were found for either arachidonic acid or adrenic acid in the diet, samples of the serum, or breast milk from Farm and non-Farm mothers obtained around 1 month post-partum. The arachidonic and adrenic acid levels in the cord blood were unrelated to allergy outcome for the infants. The results suggest that a farm environment may be associated with the fatty acid composition to which the fetus is exposed during pregnancy. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 46. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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High Levels of Both n-3 and n-6 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cord Serum Phospholipids Predict Allergy Development
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) reduce T-cell activation and dampen inflammation. They might thereby counteract the neonatal immune activation and hamper normal tolerance development to harmless environmental antigens. We investigated whether fatty acid composition of cord serum phospholipids affects allergy development up to age 13 years. Methods From a population-based birth-cohort born in 1996/7 and followed until 13 years of age (n = 794), we selected cases with atopic eczema (n = 37) or respiratory allergy (n = 44), as well as non-allergic non-sensitized controls (n = 48) based on diagnosis at 13 years of age. Cord and maternal sera obtained at delivery from cases and controls were analysed for proportions of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids among serum phospholipids. Results The cord serum phospholipids from subject who later developed either respiratory allergy or atopic eczema had significantly higher proportions of 5/8 LCPUFA species, as well as total n-3 LCPUFA, total n-6 LCPUFA and total LCPUFA compared to cord serum phospholipids from controls who did not develop allergy (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Conversely, individuals later developing allergy had lower proportion of the monounsaturated fatty acid 18:1n-9 as well as total MUFA (p<0.001) among cord serum phospholipids. The risk of respiratory allergy at age 13 increased linearly with the proportion of n-3 LCPUFA (Ptrend<0.001), n-6 LCPUFA (Ptrend = 0.001), and total LCPUFA (Ptrend<0.001) and decreased linearly with the proportions of total MUFA (Ptrend = 0.025) in cord serum phospholipids. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier estimates of allergy development demonstrated that total LCPUFA proportion in cord serum phospholipids was significantly associated with respiratory allergy (P = 0.008) and sensitization (P = 0.002), after control for sex and parental allergy. Conclusion A high proportion of long-chain PUFAs among cord serum phospholipids may predispose to allergy development. The mechanism is unknown, but may involve dampening of the physiologic immune activation in infancy needed for proper maturation of the infant's immune system.
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| 47. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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No association between allergy and current 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum or vitamin D intake
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:4, s. 405-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim Vitamin D may be involved in allergy development, but there is conflicting evidence. We investigated if dietary intake of vitamin D and levels of 25OHD in serum differed between allergic and nonallergic adolescents and if serum 25OHD correlated with dietary intake of vitamin D or season of blood sampling. Methods Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were analysed in 13-year-old subjects with atopic eczema (n = 55), respiratory allergy (n = 55) or no allergy (n = 55). Intake of fat-containing foods was assessed by food-frequency questionnaires, and total daily vitamin D intake was calculated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for gender, parental allergy and time of blood sampling. Results Subjects with atopic eczema or respiratory allergy did not differ from nonallergic controls regarding serum 25OHD levels or calculated vitamin D intake. Subjects sampled in the autumn had significantly higher levels of serum 25OHD than subjects sampled in the winter or spring. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to consumption of vitamin D-fortified lean milk (p = 0.001). Conclusion The findings suggest no association between allergy and 25OHD levels in serum or vitamin D intake in adolescents. Serum 25OHD levels correlated to intake of vitamin D-fortified lean milk.
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| 48. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE): a prospective birth cohort in northern Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055 .- 2044-6055. ; 8:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION: Prenatal and neonatal environmental factors, such as nutrition, microbes and toxicants, may affect health throughout life. Many diseases, such as allergy and impaired child development, may be programmed already in utero or during early infancy. Birth cohorts are important tools to study associations between early life exposure and disease risk. Here, we describe the study protocol of the prospective birth cohort, 'Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment' (NICE). The primary aim of the NICE cohort is to clarify the effect of key environmental exposures-diet, microbes and environmental toxicants-during pregnancy and early childhood, on the maturation of the infant's immune system, including initiation of sensitisation and allergy as well as some secondary outcomes: infant growth, obesity, neurological development and oral health.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The NICE cohort will recruit about 650 families during mid-pregnancy. The principal inclusion criterion will be planned birth at the Sunderby Hospital in the north of Sweden, during 2015-2018. Questionnaires data and biological samples will be collected at 10 time-points, from pregnancy until the children reach 4 years of age. Samples will be collected primarily from mothers and children, and from fathers. Biological samples include blood, urine, placenta, breast milk, meconium, faeces, saliva and hair. Information regarding allergic heredity, diet, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including smoking, siblings, pet ownership, etc will be collected using questionnaires. Sensitisation to common allergens will be assessed by skin prick testing and allergic disease will be diagnosed by a paediatrician at 1 and 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, the children will also be examined regarding growth, neurobehavioural and neurophysiological status and oral health.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The NICE cohort has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden (2013/18-31M). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and communicated on scientific conferences.
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| 49. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Proportions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Umbilical Cord Blood at Birth Are Related to Atopic Eczema Development in the First Year of Life
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atopic eczema, the most common atopic disease in infants, may pave the way for sensitization and allergy later in childhood. Fatty acids have immune-regulating properties and may regulate skin permeability. Here we examine whether the proportions of fatty acids among the infant and maternal plasma phospholipids at birth were associated with maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and development of atopic eczema during the first year of age in the Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE) birth cohort. Dietary data were collected with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, fatty acids were measured with GC-MS and atopic eczema was diagnosed by a pediatric allergologist at 12 months of age. We found that higher proportions of n-6 PUFAs (including arachidonic acid) but lower proportions of n-3 PUFAs (including DPA) in the infant's phospholipids at birth were associated with an increased risk of atopic eczema at 12 months of age. The n-6 and n-3 PUFAs were related to maternal intake of meat and fish, respectively. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to unsaturated fatty acids is associated with eczema development in the infant. Maternal diet during pregnancy may partly explain the fatty acid profiles in utero.
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| 50. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Serum fatty acid profile does not reflect seafood intake in adolescents with atopic eczema.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 103:9, s. 968-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are immunomodulatory, but their role in allergy development is controversial. We investigated whether proportions of LCPUFAs in serum phospholipids were related to allergic diagnosis, seafood intake and LCPUFA proportions in cord blood.METHODS:Serum was obtained from 148 birth cohort children at 13 years of age. Forty had atopic eczema, 53 had respiratory allergy, and 55 were nonallergic. Proportions of LCPUFAs were determined in serum phospholipids; cord blood from 128 of the individuals was previously analysed. Seafood intake was estimated using questionnaires.RESULTS:Allergic and nonallergic individuals did not differ significantly regarding individual LCPUFAs. However, arachidonic acid over docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio was higher in allergic, compared with nonallergic, adolescents. In nonallergic individuals, LCPUFA proportions in cord serum and adolescent serum correlated weakly. In individuals with atopic eczema and respiratory allergy, these correlations were weak or absent. A moderate correlation between seafood intake and serum DHA was seen in nonallergic individuals and those with respiratory allergy, but not in those with atopic eczema.CONCLUSION:Serum LCPUFA pattern was similar in allergic and nonallergic adolescents. Fatty acid metabolism may be altered in atopic eczema subjects, suggested by poor correlations between fatty acid intake and serum levels.
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