| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A Th1/Th2-associated chemokine imbalance during infancy in children developing eczema, wheeze and sensitization
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 41:12, s. 1729-1739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Analyses of circulating chemokines offer novel tools to investigate the T helper (Th)1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanObjective To relate circulating Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines in infancy to allergic disease, sensitization and probiotic supplementation. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods Circulating levels of Th1-associated CXC-chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and Th2-associated CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)17 and CCL22 were assessed with Luminex and CCL18 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at birth (n = 109), 6 (n = 104), 12 (n = 116) and 24 months (n = 123) in 161 infants completing a double-blind placebo-controlled allergy prevention trial with Lactobacillus reuteri during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life. The infants were followed regarding the development of allergic disease and sensitization until 2 years of age. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults The Th2-associated chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 were the highest at birth and then decreased, whereas CCL18 and the Th1-associated chemokines increased with age. High Th2-associated chemokine levels were observed in children developing allergic disease. Sensitization was preceded by elevated levels of the Th2-associated CCL22 and reduced levels of the Th1-associated CXCL11 already at birth. The Th2-associated CCL17 was also elevated at birth in infants developing recurrent wheeze. A high Th2/Th1 ratio (CCL22/CXCL10) at birth associated with both sensitization and eczema development. The presence of L. reuteri in stool in the first week of life was associated with low CCL17 and CCL22 and high CXCL11 levels at 6 months of age. High Th1-associated chemokine levels were associated with day-care. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusion and Clinical Relevance Allergic disease and sensitization in infancy was associated with low circulating Th1- and high Th2-associated chemokine levels already from birth. Circulating chemokines are useful for investigating the Th1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo. Elucidation of the role of chemokines in allergic diseases may lead to future treatments.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A Th1/Th2-associated chemokine imbalance preceding allergic disease is influenced by birth size, breastfeeding, daycare and probiotics
- 2009
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Ingår i: in Allergy, vol 64. ; , s. 56-56
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Analyses of circulating chemokines offer novel tools to investigate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in allergic disease in vivo and explore the influence of pre- and postnatal factors in infancy. Objective: To relate circulating Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines to the development of allergic disease, pre- and postnatal factors and probiotic supplementation in infancy. Methods: Circulating levels of Th1-associated CXC-chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and Th2-associated CC-chemokine ligand (CCL)17, CCL18 and CCL22 were assessed with Luminex and ELISA at birth (n=109), 6 (n=104), 12 (n=116) and 24 months (n=123) in 179 infants completing a double-blind placebo-controlled allergy prevention trial with Lactobacillus reuteri during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life. The infants were followed regarding development of allergic disease and sensitization until two years of age. Results: The Th2-associated chemokines were as highest at birth and then decreased, whereas the Th1-associated chemokines increased with age. Low Th1- and high Th2-associated chemokine levels were observed in children developing allergic disease. Sensitization was preceded by elevated CCL22 and reduced CXCL11 levels. High Th2-associated chemokine46 levels were associated with increased birth length and weight and long duration of breastfeeding, and high Th1-associated chemokine levels with day-care attendance. Presence of L. reuteri in stool the first week of life was associated with low CCL17 and CCL22 and high CXCL11 levels at 6 months. Conclusion: Allergic disease in infancy was associated with low circulating Th1- and high Th2-associated chemokine levels during the first year of life. The chemokine levels were affected by both pre and –postnatal factors.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Anette, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Wire-Plane Electrode System for Electrical Tree Initiation Exposed to AC and DC Voltage Stress
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, s. C-025. - 9783800733644
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrical treeing in XLPE exposed to DC (of both polarities) and 50 Hz AC voltages has been analysed in a wire-plane electrode geometry using real-time optical detection and microscopic observations. It has been found that treeing mechanisms differ between AC and DC stresses. For AC voltage, the tree initiation and growth is easily observable in real time during the testing. In the case of DC stress a complete breakdown of the XLPE occurs before electrical trees can be discerned with the use of CCD camera. However, in the microscopic observations of the specimens, very fine tree structures can be distinguished. The effect of voltage ramping rate was also analysed. For AC stress, the faster ramping results in a higher tree inception voltage. The opposite trend is true for DC stress, where the faster ramp results in a lower breakdown voltage level. When comparing the effect on polarity of the DC breakdown voltage, negative polarity results in higher voltage levels than positive polarity.
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