| 1. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Vi står gärna bakom en utfallsbaserad vård
- 2017
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Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jörgen Nordenström försöker få det till att vår kritik av värdebaserad vård egentligen handlar om att vi vill ha mer resurser. Han har helt missuppfattat oss, skriver 26 specialistläkare i en replik.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alix, James J. P., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the reliability of the motor unit size index (MUSIX) in single subject "round-robin" and multi-centre settings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Neurophysiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 1388-2457 .- 1872-8952. ; 130:5, s. 666-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The motor unit size index (MUSIX) is incorporated into the motor unit number index (MUNIX). Our objective was to assess the intra-/inter-rater reliability of MUSIX in healthy volunteers across single subject "round robin" and multi-centre settings.Methods: Data were obtained from (i) a round-robin assessment in which 12 raters (6 with prior experience and 6 without) assessed six muscles (abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, biceps brachii, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis) and (ii) a multi-centre study with 6 centres studying the same muscles in 66 healthy volunteers. Intrafinter-rater data were provided by 5 centres, 1 centre provided only intra-rater data. Intrafinter-rater variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (COV), Bland-Altman plots, bias and 95% limits of agreement.Results: In the round-robin assessment intra-rater COVs for MUSIX ranged from 7.8% to 28.4%. Inter-rater variability was between 7.8% and 16.2%. Prior experience did not impact on MUSIX values. In the multi-centre study MUSIX was more consistent than the MUNIX. Abductor hallucis was the least reliable muscle.Conclusions: The MUSIX is a reliable neurophysiological biomarker of reinnervation.Significance: MUSIX could provide insights into the pathophysiology of a range of neuromuscular disorders, providing a quantitative biomarker of reinnervation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Baliakas, Panagiotis, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical effect of stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a retrospective multicentre study
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet Haematology. - 2352-3026. ; 1:2, s. 74-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background About 30% of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) carry quasi-identical B-cell receptor immunoglobulins and can be assigned to distinct stereotyped subsets. Although preliminary evidence suggests that B-cell receptor immunoglobulin stereotypy is relevant from a clinical viewpoint, this aspect has never been explored in a systematic manner or in a cohort of adequate size that would enable clinical conclusions to be drawn. Methods For this retrospective, multicentre study, we analysed 8593 patients with CLL for whom immunogenetic data were available. These patients were followed up in 15 academic institutions throughout Europe (in Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK) and the USA, and data were collected between June 1, 2012, and June 7, 2013. We retrospectively assessed the clinical implications of CLL B-cell receptor immunoglobulin stereotypy, with a particular focus on 14 major stereotyped subsets comprising cases expressing unmutated (U-CLL) or mutated (M-CLL) immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes. The primary outcome of our analysis was time to first treatment, defined as the time between diagnosis and date of first treatment. Findings 2878 patients were assigned to a stereotyped subset, of which 1122 patients belonged to one of 14 major subsets. Stereotyped subsets showed significant differences in terms of age, sex, disease burden at diagnosis, CD38 expression, and cytogenetic aberrations of prognostic significance. Patients within a specific subset generally followed the same clinical course, whereas patients in different stereotyped subsets-despite having the same immunoglobulin heavy variable gene and displaying similar immunoglobulin mutational status-showed substantially different times to first treatment. By integrating B-cell receptor immunoglobulin stereotypy (for subsets 1, 2, and 4) into the well established Dohner cytogenetic prognostic model, we showed these, which collectively account for around 7% of all cases of CLL and represent both U-CLL and M-CLL, constituted separate clinical entities, ranging from very indolent (subset 4) to aggressive disease (subsets 1 and 2). Interpretation The molecular classification of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia based on B-cell receptor immunoglobulin stereotypy improves the Dohner hierarchical model and refines prognostication beyond immunoglobulin mutational status, with potential implications for clinical decision making, especially within prospective clinical trials.
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| 7. |
- Baliakas, Panagiotis, et al.
(författare)
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Not all IGHV3-21 chronic lymphocytic leukemias are equal: prognostic considerations.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 125:5, s. 856-859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unresolved issue in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is whether IGHV3-21 gene usage, in general, or the expression of stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulin defining subset #2 (IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21), in particular, determines outcome for IGHV3-21-utilizing cases. We reappraised this issue in 8593 CLL patients of whom 437 (5%) used the IGHV3-21 gene with 254/437 (58%) classified as subset #2. Within subset #2, immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV)-mutated cases predominated, whereas non-subset #2/IGHV3-21 was enriched for IGHV-unmutated cases (P = .002). Subset #2 exhibited significantly shorter time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) compared with non-subset #2/IGHV3-21 (22 vs 60 months, P = .001). No such difference was observed between non-subset #2/IGHV3-21 vs the remaining CLL with similar IGHV mutational status. In conclusion, IGHV3-21 CLL should not be axiomatically considered a homogeneous entity with adverse prognosis, given that only subset #2 emerges as uniformly aggressive, contrasting non-subset #2/IGVH3-21 patients whose prognosis depends on IGHV mutational status as the remaining CLL.
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| 8. |
- Bayer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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How accurate is molecular dynamics?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Born-Oppenheimer dynamics is shown to provide an accurate approximation of time-independent Schrödinger observables for a molecular system with an electron spectral gap, in the limit of large ratio of nuclei and electron masses, without assuming that the nuclei are localized to vanishing domains. The derivation, based on a Hamiltonian system interpretation of the Schrödinger equation and stability of the corresponding hitting time Hamilton-Jacobi equation for non ergodic dynamics, bypasses the usual separation of nuclei and electron wave functions, includes caustic states and gives a different perspective on theBorn-Oppenheimer approximation, Schrödinger Hamiltonian systems and numerical simulation in molecular dynamics modeling at constant energy.
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| 9. |
- Brackmann, Christian, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear microscopy of lipid storage and fibrosis in muscle and liver tissues of mice fed high-fat diets
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 15:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hallmarks of high-fat Western diet intake, such as excessive lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver as well as liver fibrosis, are investigated in tissues from mice using nonlinear microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), supported by conventional analysis methods. Two aspects are presented; intake of standard chow versus Western diet, and a comparison between two high-fat Western diets of different polyunsaturated lipid content. CARS microscopy images of intramyocellular lipid droplets in muscle tissue show an increased amount for Western diet compared to standard diet samples. Even stronger diet impact is found for liver samples, where combined CARS and SHG microscopy visualize clear differences in lipid content and collagen fiber development, the latter indicating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis induced at a relatively early stage for Western diet. Characteristic for NAFLD, the fibrous tissue-containing lipids accumulate in larger structures. This is also observed in CARS images of liver samples from two Western-type diets of different polyunsaturated lipid contents. In summary, nonlinear microscopy has strong potential (further promoted by technical advances toward clinical use) for detection and characterization of steatohepatitis already in its early stages.
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| 10. |
- Duval, Florent, et al.
(författare)
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The Lyman alpha reference sample VI. Lyman alpha escape from the edge-on disk galaxy Mrk 1486
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Recent numerical simulations suggest that the strength of the Lyman alpha (Ly alpha) line of star-forming disk galaxies strongly depends on the inclination at which they are observed: from edge-on to face-on, we expect to see a change from a strongly attenuated Ly alpha line to a strong Ly alpha emission line.Aims. We aim to understand how a strong Ly alpha emission line is able to escape from the low-redshift highly inclined (edge-on) disk galaxy Mrk 1486 (z similar to 0.0338). To our knowledge, this work is the first observational study of Ly alpha transport inside an edge-on disk galaxy.Methods. Using a large set of HST imaging and spectroscopic data, we investigated the interstellar medium (ISM) structure and the dominant source of Ly alpha radiation inside Mrk 1486. Moreover, using a 3D Monte Carlo Ly alpha radiation transfer code, we studied the radiative transfer of Ly alpha and UV continuum photons inside a 3D geometry of neutral hydrogen (HI) and dust that models the ISM structure at the galaxy center. Our numerical simulations predicted the Ly alpha line profile that we then compared to the one observed in the HST/COS spectrum of Mrk 1486.Results. While a pronounced Ly alpha absorption line emerges from the disk of Mrk 1486, very extended Ly alpha structures are observed at large radii from the galaxy center: a large Ly alpha-halo and two very bright Ly alpha regions located slightly above and below the disk plane. The analysis of IFU H alpha spectroscopic data of Mrk 1486 indicates the presence of two bipolar outflowing halos of HI gas at the same location as these two bright Ly alpha regions. Comparing different diagnostic diagrams (such as [OIII](5007)/H beta versus [OI](6300)/H alpha) to photo-and shock-ionization models, we find that the Ly alpha production of Mrk 1486 is dominated by photoionization inside the galaxy disk. From this perspective, our numerical simulations succeed in reproducing the strength and shape of the observed Ly alpha emission line of Mrk 1486 by assuming a scenario in which the Ly alpha photons are produced inside the galaxy disk, travel along the outflowing halos, and scatter on cool HI materials toward the observer.Conclusions. Extended bipolar galactic winds are frequently observed from star-forming disk galaxies. Given the advantage Ly alpha photons take of such outflowing HI materials to easily escape from Mrk 1486, this mechanism may explain the origin of strong Ly alpha emission lines frequently observed from highly inclined galaxies at high-redshift. This therefore challenges the robustness of the expected viewing-angle effect on the Ly alpha properties of star-forming disk galaxies.
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| 11. |
- Hashemi, J, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype analysis and age estimation of the 113insR CDKN2A founder mutation in Swedish melanoma families.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Genes, chromosomes & cancer. - : Wiley. - 1045-2257 .- 1098-2264. ; 31:2, s. 107-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Germline mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene located on 9p21 have been linked to development of melanomas in some families. A germline 3-bp insertion in exon 2 of CDKN2A, leading to an extra arginine at codon 113 (113insR), has been identified in 17 Swedish melanoma families. Analysis of 10 microsatellite markers, spanning approximately 1 Mbp in the 9p21 region, showed that all families share a common allele for at least one of the markers closest to the CDKN2A gene, suggesting that the 113insR mutation is an ancestral founder mutation. Differences in the segregating haplotypes, due to meiotic recombinations and/or mutations in the short-tandem-repeat markers, were analyzed further to estimate the age of the mutation. Statistical analysis using a maximum likelihood approach indicated that the mutation arose 98 generations (90% confidence interval: 52-167 generations), or approximately 2,000 years, ago. Thus, 113insR would be expected to have a more widespread geographic distribution in European and North American regions with ancestral connections to Sweden. Alternatively, CDKN2A may lie in a recombination hot spot region, as suggested by the many meiotic recombinations in this narrow approximately 1-cM region on 9p21.
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| 12. |
- Hayes, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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THE LYMAN ALPHA REFERENCE SAMPLE : EXTENDED LYMAN ALPHA HALOS PRODUCED AT LOW DUST CONTENT
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 765:2, s. L27-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on new imaging observations of the Lyman alpha emission line (Ly alpha), performed with the Hubble Space Telescope, that comprise the backbone of the Lyman alpha Reference Sample. We present images of 14 starburst galaxies at redshifts 0.028 < z < 0.18 in continuum-subtracted Ly alpha, H alpha, and the far ultraviolet continuum. We show that Ly alpha is emitted on scales that systematically exceed those of the massive stellar population and recombination nebulae: as measured by the Petrosian 20% radius, RP20, Ly alpha radii are larger than those of H alpha by factors ranging from 1 to 3.6, with an average of 2.4. The average ratio of Ly alpha-to-FUV radii is 2.9. This suggests that much of the Ly alpha light is pushed to large radii by resonance scattering. Defining the Relative Petrosian Extension of Ly alpha compared to H alpha, xi(Ly alpha) = R-P20(Ly alpha)/R-P20(H alpha), we find xi(Ly alpha) to be uncorrelated with total Ly alpha luminosity. However, xi(Ly alpha) is strongly correlated with quantities that scale with dust content, in the sense that a low dust abundance is a necessary requirement (although not the only one) in order to spread Ly alpha photons throughout the interstellar medium and drive a large extended Ly alpha halo.
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| 13. |
- Hayes, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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THE LYMAN ALPHA REFERENCE SAMPLE. II. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING RESULTS, INTEGRATED PROPERTIES, AND TRENDS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 782:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report new results regarding the Ly alpha output of galaxies, derived from the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample, and focused on Hubble Space Telescope imaging. For 14 galaxies we present intensity images in Ly alpha, H alpha, and UV, and maps of H alpha/H beta, Ly alpha equivalent width (EW), and Ly alpha/H alpha. We present Ly alpha and UV radial light profiles and show they are well-fitted by Sersic profiles, but Ly alpha profiles show indices systematically lower than those of the UV (n approximate to 1-2 instead of greater than or similar to 4). This reveals a general lack of the central concentration in Ly alpha that is ubiquitous in the UV. Photometric growth curves increase more slowly for Ly alpha than the far ultraviolet, showing that small apertures may underestimate the EW. For most galaxies, however, flux and EW curves flatten by radii approximate to 10 kpc, suggesting that if placed at high-z only a few of our galaxies would suffer from large flux losses. We compute global properties of the sample in large apertures, and show total Ly alpha luminosities to be independent of all other quantities. Normalized Ly alpha throughput, however, shows significant correlations: escape is found to be higher in galaxies of lower star formation rate, dust content, mass, and nebular quantities that suggest harder ionizing continuum and lower metallicity. Six galaxies would be selected as high-z Ly alpha emitters, based upon their luminosity and EW. We discuss the results in the context of high-z Ly alpha and UV samples. A few galaxies have EWs above 50 angstrom, and one shows f(esc)(Ly alpha) of 80%; such objects have not previously been reported at low-z.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Jones, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the effect of a combined chemical and thermal modification of wood though the use of bicine and tricine.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 13:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of thermal modification of wood have been well established, particularly in terms of reductions in mechanical performance. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies related to the Maillard reaction. More commonly associated with food chemistry, it involves the reaction of amines and reducing sugars during cooking procedures. This study has attempted to combine the use of amines and thermal modification, with subsequent properties investigated for the treatment of spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In this initial study, the combined effects of chemical treatments by tricine and bicine were investigated with thermal modification. Along with some preliminary data on mechanical properties, the modifications which appeared in the wood structure were evaluated by infrared spectroscopy and biological studies according to EN113 and EN117 methodologies. The hierarchal study interpretation of FTIR suggested interactions between the bicine or tricine and the wood, which was partly supported by the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC), though other tests were not as conclusive. The potential of the method warrants further consideration, which will be described.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Kang, BooJoong, et al.
(författare)
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Intrusion Resilience for PV Inverters in a Distribution Grid Use-Case Featuring Dynamic Voltage Control
- 2020
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Ingår i: CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURES SECURITY (CRITIS 2019). - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 97-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT-enabled smart grid devices, potentially introduce new cyber vulnerabilities that weaken the resilience of the electric grid. Using real and simulated PV inverters, this work demonstrates how cyber-attacks on IEC 61850 communications to field devices can force an unstable state, causing voltage oscillations or overvoltage situations in a distribution grid. An automated resilience mechanism is therefore presented, combining intrusion detection and decentralised resilient controllers, which is demonstrated to assure stable operation of an energy system by counteracting cyber-attacks targeting embedded PV inverters.
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| 19. |
- Kindström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic capabilities approach to service infusion in manufacturing
- 2009
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Ingår i: QUIS 11 (11<sup>th</sup> Quality in Services Symposium). - Wolfsburg, Germany : Ingolstadt School of Management. - 9783000273421 ; , s. 331-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores key dynamic capabilities needed for industrial firms to become more service oriented, i.e. to increase the service content in the offerings. Applying a dynamic capabilities framework in a service context is novel and by doing this, new, valuable insights can be gained into the research on how to address the increasing service infusion in industrial firms. Based on an explorative, multiple case study (10 companies) with in-depth interviews and focus groups, seven dynamic capabilities are identified.
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| 20. |
- Kindström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling service innovation : A dynamic capabilities approach
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 66:8, s. 1063-1073
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The point of departure for this article is the need for product-centric firms to compete in the market by adding services to their portfolio, which requires a greater focus on service innovation if they are to remain competitive. A major challenge associated with the shift from product-centeredness to a product and-service orientation is the management of the essential dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring needed for service innovation. The research study reported identifies key microfoundations forming the basis of successful realignment of a firm's dynamic capabilities so as to achieve a better fit with service innovation activities. Eight qualitative case studies of product-centric firms form the basis of the study. The findings make three primary contributions to the body of knowledge. First, they extend the existing literature on dynamic capabilities by specifically discussing microfoundations related to service innovation. Second, the study extends existing work on service innovation into the manufacturing industries by identifying the key microfoundations in that context. Third, the research provides empirical evidence of dynamic capabilities in practice, especially in product-centric settings in which the service context is novel.
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| 21. |
- Lilja, Gisela, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Hypothermia vs Normothermia on Societal Participation and Cognitive Function at 6 Months in Survivors After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Predefined Analysis of the TTM2 Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jama Neurology. - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 80:10, s. 1070-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Targeted Hypothermia vs Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial reported no difference in mortality or poor functional outcome at 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This predefined exploratory analysis provides more detailed estimation of brain dysfunction for the comparison of the 2 intervention regimens. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of targeted hypothermia vs targeted normothermia on functional outcome with focus on societal participation and cognitive function in survivors 6 months after OHCA. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study is a predefined analysis of an international multicenter, randomized clinical trial that took place from November 2017 to January 2020 and included participants at 61 hospitals in 14 countries. A structured follow-up for survivors performed at 6 months was by masked outcome assessors. The last follow-up took place in October 2020. Participants included 1861 adult (older than 18 years) patients with OHCA who were comatose at hospital admission. At 6 months, 939 of 1861 were alive and invited to a follow-up, of which 103 of 939 declined or were missing. INTERVENTIONS Randomization 1:1 to temperature control with targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or targeted normothermia and early treatment of fever (37.8 degrees C or higher). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Functional outcome focusing on societal participation assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended ([GOSE] 1 to 8) and cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ([MoCA] 0 to 30) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test ([SDMT] z scores). Higher scores represent better outcomes. RESULTS At 6 months, 836 of 939 survivors with a mean age of 60 (SD, 13) (range, 18 to 88) years (700 of 836 male [84%]) participated in the follow-up. There were no differences between the 2 intervention groups in functional outcome focusing on societal participation (GOSE score, odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.17; P =.46) or in cognitive function by MoCA (mean difference, 0.36; 95% CI,-0.33 to 1.05; P =.37) and SDMT (mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI,-0.16 to 0.27; P =.62). Limitations in societal participation (GOSE score less than 7) were common regardless of intervention (hypothermia, 178 of 415 [43%]; normothermia, 168 of 419 [40%]). Cognitive impairment was identified in 353 of 599 survivors (59%). CONCLUSIONS In this predefined analysis of comatose patients after OHCA, hypothermia did not lead to better functional outcome assessed with a focus on societal participation and cognitive function than management with normothermia. At 6 months, many survivors had not regained their pre-arrest activities and roles, and mild cognitive dysfunction was common.
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| 22. |
- Lindberg, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of mental states in a humanoid robot
- 2017
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Ingår i: Intelligent Virtual Agents - 17th International Conference, IVA 2017, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783319674001 ; 10498 LNAI, s. 247-250
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore to what degree movement together with facial features in a humanoid robot, such as eyes and mouth, can be used to convey mental states. Several animation variants were iteratively tested in a series of experiments to reach a set of five expressive states that can be reliably expressed by the robot. These expressions combine biologically motivated cues such as eye movements and pupil dilation with elements that only have a conventional significance, such as changes in eye color.
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| 23. |
- Malmberg, Donald, et al.
(författare)
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In-Situ Monitoring of Oxygen Concentration and Gas Temperature in a Metallurgical Process Using Diode-Laser Spectroscopy :
- 2001
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increased demands on quality control, reduced production-time, energy savings and reduction of green-house-gas emission in various metallurgical processes have created an interest for new methods to monitor and control the processes. By using Tunable Diode Laser spectrometers the gas temperature as well as the concentration of 0 2, CO and C02 have been monitored. Laboratory experiments were carried out in a specially designed high-temperature furnace at MEFOS to determine a set of absorption lines suitable for simultaneous 02ffemperature and CO/COz measurements. Field trials were carried out in an Electric Arc Furnace and a reheating furnace.
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| 24. |
- Melinder, Jens, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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The Lyα Reference Sample. XIV. Lyα Imaging of 45 Low-redshift Star-forming Galaxies and Inferences on Global Emission
- 2023
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 266:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Lyα imaging of 45 low-redshift star-forming galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope. The galaxies have been selected to have moderate to high star formation rates (SFRs) using far-ultraviolet (FUV) luminosity and Hα equivalent width criteria, but no constraints on Lyα luminosity. We employ a pixel stellar continuum fitting code to obtain accurate continuum-subtracted Lyα, Hα, and Hβ maps. We find that Lyα is less concentrated than FUV and optical line emission in almost all galaxies with significant Lyα emission. We present global measurements of Lyα and other quantities measured in apertures designed to capture all of the Lyα emission. We then show how the escape fraction of Lyα relates to a number of other measured quantities (mass, metallicity, star formation, ionization parameter, and extinction). We find that the escape fraction is strongly anticorrelated with nebular and stellar extinction, weakly anticorrelated with stellar mass, but no conclusive evidence for correlations with other quantities. We show that Lyα escape fractions are inconsistent with common dust extinction laws, and discuss how a combination of radiative transfer effects and clumpy dust models can help resolve the discrepancies. We present an SFR calibration based on Lyα luminosity, where the equivalent width of Lyα is used to correct for nonunity escape fraction, and show that this relation provides a reasonably accurate SFR estimate. We also show stacked growth curves of Lyα for the galaxies that can be used to find aperture loss fractions at a given physical radius.
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| 25. |
- Pardy, Stephen A., et al.
(författare)
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THE LYMAN ALPHA REFERENCE SAMPLE. III. PROPERTIES OF THE NEUTRAL ISM FROM GBT AND VLA OBSERVATIONS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 794:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new Hi imaging and spectroscopy of the 14 UV-selected star-forming galaxies in the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS), aimed for a detailed study of the processes governing the production, propagation, and escape of Ly alpha photons. New Hi spectroscopy, obtained with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT), robustly detects the Hi spectral line in 11 of the 14 observed LARS galaxies (although the profiles of two of the galaxies are likely confused by other sources within the GBT beam); the three highest redshift galaxies are not detected at our current sensitivity limits. The GBT profiles are used to derive fundamental Hi line properties of the LARS galaxies. We also present new pilot Hi spectral line imaging of five of the LARS galaxies obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). This imaging localizes the Hi gas and provides a measurement of the total Hi mass in each galaxy. In one system, LARS 03 (UGC 8335 or Arp 238), VLA observations reveal an enormous tidal structure that extends over 160 kpc from the main interacting systems and that contains >10(9) M-circle dot of Hi. We compare various Hi properties with global Ly alpha quantities derived from Hubble Space Telescope measurements. The measurements of the Ly alpha escape fraction are coupled with the new direct measurements of Hi mass and significantly disturbed Hi velocities. Our robustly detected sample reveals tentative correlations between the total Hi mass and linewidth, and key Ly alpha tracers. Further, on global scales, these data support a complex coupling between Ly alpha propagation and the Hi properties of the surrounding medium.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Rivera-Thorsen, Thöger E., et al.
(författare)
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THE LYMAN ALPHA REFERENCE SAMPLE. V. THE IMPACT OF NEUTRAL ISM KINEMATICS ANDGEOMETRY ON Lyα ESCAPE
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 805:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present high-resolution far-UV spectroscopy of the 14 galaxies of the Lyα Reference Sample; a sample of strongly star-forming galaxies at low redshifts (0.028 < z < 0.18). We compare the derived properties to global properties derived from multi-band imaging and 21 cm H i interferometry and single-dish observations, as well as archival optical SDSS spectra. Besides the Lyα line, the spectra contain a number of metal absorption features allowing us to probe the kinematics of the neutral ISM and evaluate the optical depth and and covering fraction of the neutral medium as a function of line of sight velocity. Furthermore, we show how this, in combination with the precise determination of systemic velocity and good Lyα spectra, can be used to distinguish a model in which separate clumps together fully cover the background source, from the "picket fence" model named by Heckman et al. We find that no one single effect dominates in governing Lyα radiative transfer and escape. Lyα escape in our sample coincides with a maximum velocity-binned covering fraction of 0.9 and bulk outflow velocities of 50 km s−1, although a number of galaxies show these characteristics and yet little or no Lyα escape. We find that Lyα peak velocities, where available, are not consistent with a strong backscattered component, but rather with a simpler model of an intrinsic emission line overlaid by a blueshifted absorption profile from the outflowing wind. Finally, we find a strong anticorrelation between Hα equivalent width and maximum velocity-binned covering factor, and propose a heuristic explanatory model.
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| 28. |
- Rosenstatter, Thomas, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Extending AUTOSAR's Counter-based Solution for Freshness of Authenticated Messages in Vehicles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing, PRDC. - 1541-0110. ; 2019-December, s. 1-109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays vehicles have an internal network consisting of more than 100 microcontrollers, so-called Electronic Control Units (ECUs), which control core functionalities, active safety, diagnostics, comfort and infotainment. The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is one of the most widespread bus technologies in use, and thus is a primary target for attackers. AUTOSAR, an open system platform for vehicles, introduced in version 4.3 SecOC Profile 3, a counter-based solution to provide freshness in authenticated messages to protect the system against replay attacks. In this paper, we analyse and assess this method regarding safety constraints and usability, and discuss design considerations when implementing such a system. Furthermore, we propose a novel security profile addressing the identified deficiencies which allows faster resynchronisation when only truncated counter values are transmitted. Finally, we evaluate our solution in an experimental setup in regard to communication overhead and time to synchronise the freshness counter.
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| 29. |
- Sarris, Theodore E., et al.
(författare)
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Daedalus MASE (mission assessment through simulation exercise): A toolset for analysis of in situ missions and for processing global circulation model outputs in the lower thermosphere-ionosphere
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-987X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Daedalus MASE (Mission Assessment through Simulation Exercise) is an open-source package of scientific analysis tools aimed at research in the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere (LTI). It was created with the purpose to assess the performance and demonstrate closure of the mission objectives of Daedalus, a mission concept targeting to perform in-situ measurements in the LTI. However, through its successful usage as a mission-simulator toolset, Daedalus MASE has evolved to encompass numerous capabilities related to LTI science and modeling. Inputs are geophysical observables in the LTI, which can be obtained either through in-situ measurements from spacecraft and rockets, or through Global Circulation Models (GCM). These include ion, neutral and electron densities, ion and neutral composition, ion, electron and neutral temperatures, ion drifts, neutral winds, electric field, and magnetic field. In the examples presented, these geophysical observables are obtained through NCAR’s Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. Capabilities of Daedalus MASE include: 1) Calculations of products that are derived from the above geophysical observables, such as Joule heating, energy transfer rates between species, electrical currents, electrical conductivity, ion-neutral collision frequencies between all combinations of species, as well as height-integrations of derived products. 2) Calculation and cross-comparison of collision frequencies and estimates of the effect of using different models of collision frequencies into derived products. 3) Calculation of the uncertainties of derived products based on the uncertainties of the geophysical observables, due to instrument errors or to uncertainties in measurement techniques. 4) Routines for the along-orbit interpolation within gridded datasets of GCMs. 5) Routines for the calculation of the global coverage of an in situ mission in regions of interest and for various conditions of solar and geomagnetic activity. 6) Calculations of the statistical significance of obtaining the primary and derived products throughout an in situ mission’s lifetime. 7) Routines for the visualization of 3D datasets of GCMs and of measurements along orbit. Daedalus MASE code is accompanied by a set of Jupyter Notebooks, incorporating all required theory, references, codes and plotting in a user-friendly environment. Daedalus MASE is developed and maintained at the Department for Electrical and Computer Engineering of the Democritus University of Thrace, with key contributions from several partner institutions.
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| 30. |
- Sekine, Takuya, et al.
(författare)
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TOX is expressed by exhausted and polyfunctional human effector memory CD8(+) T cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science immunology. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2470-9468. ; 5:49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CD8(+) T cell exhaustion is a hallmark of many cancers and chronic infections. In mice, T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) maintains exhausted CD8(+) T cell responses, whereas thymocyte selection-associated HMG box (TOX) is required for the epigenetic remodeling and survival of exhausted CD8(+) T cells. However, it has remained unclear to what extent these transcription factors play analogous roles in humans. In this study, we mapped the expression of TOX and TCF-1 as a function of differentiation and specificity in the human CD8(+) T cell landscape. Here, we demonstrate that circulating TOX+ CD8(+) T cells exist in most humans, but that TOX is not exclusively associated with exhaustion. Effector memory CD8(+) T cells generally expressed TOX, whereas naive and early-differentiated memory CD8(+) T cells generally expressed TCF-1. Cytolytic gene and protein expression signatures were also defined by the expression of TOX. In the context of a relentless immune challenge, exhausted HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells commonly expressed TOX, often in clusters with various activation markers and inhibitory receptors, and expressed less TCF-1. However, polyfunctional memory CD8(+) T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) also expressed TOX, either with or without TCF-1. A similar phenotype was observed among HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells from individuals who maintained exceptional immune control of viral replication. Collectively, these data demonstrate that TOX is expressed by most circulating effector memory CD8(+) T cell subsets and not exclusively linked to exhaustion.
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| 31. |
- Tuma, Katja, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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Towards security threats that matter
- 2017
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 10683, s. 47-62
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Architectural threat analysis is a pillar of security by design and is routinely performed in companies. STRIDE is a well-known technique that is predominantly used to this aim. This technique aims towards maximizing completeness of discovered threats and leads to discovering a large number of threats. Many of them are eventually ranked with the lowest importance during the prioritization process, which takes place after the threat elicitation. While low-priority threats are often ignored later on, the analyst has spent significant time in eliciting them, which is highly inefficient. Experience in large companies shows that there is a shortage of security experts, which have limited time when analyzing architectural designs. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient use of the allocated resources. This paper attempts to mitigate the problem by introducing a novel approach consisting of a risk-first, end-to-end asset analysis. Our approach enriches the architectural model used during the threat analysis, with a particular focus on representing security assumptions and constraints about the solution space. This richer set of information is leveraged during the architectural threat analysis in order to apply the necessary abstractions, which result in a lower number of significant threats. We illustrate our approach by applying it on an architecture originating from the automotive industry.
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| 32. |
- Woll, Petter S, et al.
(författare)
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes Are Propagated by Rare and Distinct Human Cancer Stem Cells In Vivo.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-3686 .- 1535-6108. ; 25:6, s. 794-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for distinct human cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains contentious and the degree to which different cancer cells contribute to propagating malignancies in patients remains unexplored. In low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we establish the existence of rare multipotent MDS stem cells (MDS-SCs), and their hierarchical relationship to lineage-restricted MDS progenitors. All identified somatically acquired genetic lesions were backtracked to distinct MDS-SCs, establishing their distinct MDS-propagating function in vivo. In isolated del(5q)-MDS, acquisition of del(5q) preceded diverse recurrent driver mutations. Sequential analysis in del(5q)-MDS revealed genetic evolution in MDS-SCs and MDS-progenitors prior to leukemic transformation. These findings provide definitive evidence for rare human MDS-SCs in vivo, with extensive implications for the targeting of the cells required and sufficient for MDS-propagation.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Östlin, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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THE Ly alpha REFERENCE SAMPLE. I. SURVEY OUTLINE AND FIRST RESULTS FOR MARKARIAN 259
- 2014
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 797:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Ly alpha Reference Sample (LARS) is a substantial program with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that provides a sample of local universe laboratory galaxies in which to study the detailed astrophysics of the visibility and strength of the Ly alpha line of neutral hydrogen. Ly alpha is the dominant spectral line in use for characterizing high-redshift (z) galaxies. This paper presents an overview of the survey, its selection function, and HST imaging observations. The sample was selected from the combined GALEX+Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalog at z = 0.028-0.19, in order to allow Ly alpha to be captured with combinations of long-pass filters in the Solar Blind Channel (SBC) of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) onboard HST. In addition, LARS utilizes H alpha and H beta narrowband and u, b, i broadband imaging with ACS and the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). In order to study galaxies in which large numbers of Ly alpha photons are produced (whether or not they escape), we demanded an H alpha equivalent width W(H alpha) >= 100 angstrom. The final sample of 14 galaxies covers far-UV (FUV, lambda similar to 1500 angstrom) luminosities that overlap with those of high-z Ly alpha emitters (LAEs) and Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), making LARS a valid comparison sample. We present the reduction steps used to obtain the Ly alpha images, including our LARS eXtraction software (LaXs), which utilizes pixel-by-pixel spectral synthesis fitting of the energy distribution to determine and subtract the continuum at Ly alpha. We demonstrate that the use of SBC long-pass-filter combinations increase the signal-to-noise ratio by an order of magnitude compared to the nominal Ly alpha filter available in SBC. To exemplify the science potential of LARS, we also present some first results for a single galaxy, Mrk 259 (LARS #1). This irregular galaxy shows bright and extended (indicative of resonance scattering) but strongly asymmetric Ly alpha emission. Spectroscopy from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board HST centered on the brightest UV knot shows a moderate outflow in the neutral interstellar medium (probed by low ionization stage absorption features) and Ly alpha emission with an asymmetric profile. Radiative transfer modeling is able to reproduce the essential features of the Ly alpha line profile and confirms the presence of an outflow. From the integrated photometry we measure an Ly alpha luminosity of L-Ly alpha= 1.3x10(42) erg s(-1) an equivalent width W(Ly alpha) = 45 angstrom and an FUV absolute magnitude M-FUV = -19.2 (AB). Mrk 259 would hence be detectable in high-z Ly alpha and LBG surveys. The total Ly alpha escape fraction is 12%. This number is higher than the low-z average, but similar to that at z > 4, demonstrating that LARS provides a valid comparison sample for high-z galaxy studies.
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| 35. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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