| 1. |
- Rasmussen, Robert Otto, et al.
(författare)
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The Little Book of Quieter Pavements
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The idea of designing and building quieter pavements is not new, but in recent years there has been a groundswell of interest in making this a higher priority. Various State Highway Agencies and the Federal Highway Administration have responded accordingly with both research and implementation activities that both educate on the state-of-the-practice, and advance the state-of-the-art. The Little Book of Quieter Pavements was developed with this purpose in mind to help educate the transportation industry, and in some cases the general public, about the numerous principles behind quieter pavements, and how they connect together.
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| 2. |
- Adrian-Martinez, S., et al.
(författare)
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A first search for coincident gravitational waves and high energy neutrinos using LIGO, Virgo and ANTARES data from 2007
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of the first search for gravitational wave bursts associated with high energy neutrinos. Together, these messengers could reveal new, hidden sources that are not observed by conventional photon astronomy, particularly at high energy. Our search uses neutrinos detected by the underwater neutrino telescope ANTARES in its 5 line configuration during the period January - September 2007, which coincided with the fifth and first science runs of LIGO and Virgo, respectively. The LIGO-Virgo data were analysed for candidate gravitational-wave signals coincident in time and direction with the neutrino events. No significant coincident events were observed. We place limits on the density of joint high energy neutrino - gravitational wave emission events in the local universe, and compare them with densities of merger and core-collapse events.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson Ersman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Screen printed digital circuits based on vertical organicelectrochemical transistors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Flexible and Printed Electronics. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-8585. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have been manufactured solely using screenprinting. The OECTs are based on PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid)), which defines the active material for both the transistor channel and the gateelectrode. The resulting vertical OECT devices and circuits exhibit low-voltage operation, relativelyfast switching, small footprint and high manufacturing yield; the last three parameters are explainedby the reliance of the transistor configuration on a robust structure in which the electrolyte verticallybridges the bottom channel and the top gate electrode. Two different architectures of the verticalOECT have been manufactured, characterized and evaluated in parallel throughout this report. Inaddition to the experimental work, SPICE models enabling simulations of standalone OECTs andOECT-based circuits have been developed. Our findings may pave the way for fully integrated, lowvoltageoperating and printed signal processing systems integrated with e.g. printed batteries, solarcells, sensors and communication interfaces. Such technology can then serve a low-cost basetechnology for the internet of things, smart packaging and home diagnostics applications.
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| 5. |
- Báder, Mátyás, et al.
(författare)
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Wood densification processing for newly engineered materials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Processing Technologies for the Forest and Bio-based Products Industries (PTF BPI 2018), Freising/Münich, September 20-21. - Kuchl. ; , s. 255-263
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood is a renewable, bio-based material with a mixture of different properties and qualities, used in numerous applications. Beside many species with high wood qualities several species suffer due to a number of disadvantages, where low hardness and abrasive resistance are characteristic for low-density species. This paper presents examples of on-going European research projects and industrial processes mostly related to wood densification methods. Wood densification is a classical thermohydro-mechanical (THM) wood treatment process, through which density is increased by mechanical compression of wood perpendicular to the grain, by impregnation of cell lumens or cell walls with solutions or melted substances (resins, waxes), or by a combination of both. The purpose is to produce newly designed and engineered materials and products with new property profiles, which would potentially find new markets. In general, the THM processes consist of three stages: plasticization of the wood cells, followed by the actualcompression, and finally solidification of the compressed wood in order to prevent elastic spring-back and the moisture-induced set-recovery. The wood densification process refers but is not limited to solid wood and might apply to whole wood pieces, or to local areas within given pieces only. Another THM method is the mechanical compression of wood parallel to the grain, which leads to a product with high flexibility. A European wood research network, represented by the authors of this contribution, has extended experience in many wood modification processes, as demonstrated through ongoing researches and case studies in this paper
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| 6. |
- Barman, Malin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in infants’ plasma and corresponding mother's milk and plasma in relation to subsequent sensitisation and atopic disease
- 2024
-
Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - 2352-3964. ; 101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents may influence immune function, while less is known about SCFAs in blood plasma. The aims were to investigate the relation between infants’ and maternal plasma SCFAs, as well as SCFAs in mother's milk, and relate SCFA concentrations in infant plasma to subsequent sensitisation and atopic disease. Methods: Infant plasma (N = 148) and corresponding mother's milk and plasma were collected four months postpartum. Nine SCFA (formic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, succinic, valeric, isovaleric, and caproic acid) were analysed by UPLC-MS. At 12 months of age, atopic disease was diagnosed by a pediatric allergologist, and sensitisation was measured by skin prick test. All families participated in the Swedish birth cohort NICE (Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment). Findings: Infants with sensitisation, atopic eczema, or food allergy had significantly lower concentrations of five, three, and two SCFAs, respectively, in plasma at four months. Logistic regressions models showed significant negative associations between formic, succinic, and caproic acid and sensitisation [ORadj (95% CI) per SD: 0.41 (0.19–0.91); 0.19 (0.05–0.75); 0.25 (0.09–0.66)], and between acetic acid and atopic eczema [0.42 (0.18–0.95)], after adjusting for maternal allergy. Infants’ and maternal plasma SCFA concentrations correlated strongly, while milk SCFA concentrations were unrelated to both. Butyric and caproic acid concentrations were enriched around 100-fold, and iso-butyric and valeric acid around 3-5-fold in mother's milk, while other SCFAs were less prevalent in milk than in plasma. Interpretation: Butyric and caproic acid might be actively transported into breast milk to meet the needs of the infant, although mechanistic studies are needed to confirm this. The negative associations between certain SCFAs on sensitisation and atopic disease adds to prior evidence regarding their immunoregulatory potential. Funding: Swedish Research Council (Nr. 2013-3145 and 2019-0137 to A-S.S.), Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare FORTE, Nr 2018-00485 to A.W.), The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Fund (2020-0020 to A.S.).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bonagas, Nadilly, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
- 2022
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Ingår i: NATURE CANCER. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-1347. ; 3:2, s. 156-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors. Helleday and colleagues describe a nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitor that causes replication stress and DNA damage accumulation in cancer cells via thymidine depletion, demonstrating a potential therapeutic strategy in AML tumors in vivo.
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| 9. |
- Brooke, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Infrared electrochromic conducting polymer devices
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : The Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 5:23, s. 5824-5830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is well known for its electrochromic properties in the visible region. Less focus has been devoted to the infrared (IR) wavelength range, although tunable IR properties could enable a wide range of novel applications. As an example, modern day vehicles have thermal cameras to identify pedestrians and animals in total darkness, but road and speed signs cannot be easily visualized by these imaging systems. IR electrochromism could enable a new generation of dynamic road signs that are compatible with thermal imaging, while simultaneously providing contrast also in the visible region. Here, we present the first metal-free flexible IR electrochromic devices, based on PEDOT:Tosylate as both the electrochromic material and electrodes. Lateral electrochromic devices enabled a detailed investigation of the IR electrochromism of thin PEDOT:Tosylate films, revealing large changes in their thermal signature, with effective temperature changes up to 10 [degree]C between the oxidized (1.5 V) and reduced (-1.5 V) states of the polymer. Larger scale (7 [times] 7 cm) vertical electrochromic devices demonstrate practical suitability and showed effective temperature changes of approximately 7 [degree]C, with good optical memory and fast switching (1.9 s from the oxidized state to the reduced state and 3.3 s for the reversed switching). The results are highly encouraging for using PEDOT:Tosylate for IR electrochromic applications.
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| 10. |
- Brooke, Robert, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Infrared electrochromic conducting polymer devices
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 5:23, s. 5824-5830
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is well known for its electrochromic properties in the visible region. Less focus has been devoted to the infrared (IR) wavelength range, although tunable IR properties could enable a wide range of novel applications. As an example, modern day vehicles have thermal cameras to identify pedestrians and animals in total darkness, but road and speed signs cannot be easily visualized by these imaging systems. IR electrochromism could enable a new generation of dynamic road signs that are compatible with thermal imaging, while simultaneously providing contrast also in the visible region. Here, we present the first metal-free flexible IR electrochromic devices, based on PEDOT:Tosylate as both the electrochromic material and electrodes. Lateral electrochromic devices enabled a detailed investigation of the IR electrochromism of thin PEDOT:Tosylate films, revealing large changes in their thermal signature, with effective temperature changes up to 10 °C between the oxidized (1.5 V) and reduced (-1.5 V) states of the polymer. Larger scale (7 × 7 cm) vertical electrochromic devices demonstrate practical suitability and showed effective temperature changes of approximately 7 °C, with good optical memory and fast switching (1.9 s from the oxidized state to the reduced state and 3.3 s for the reversed switching). The results are highly encouraging for using PEDOT:Tosylate for IR electrochromic applications.
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| 11. |
- Edberg, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Laser-induced graphitization of a forest-based ink for use in flexible and printed electronics
- 2020
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Ingår i: npj Flexible Electron.. - : Nature Research. - 2397-4621. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser-induced graphitization (LIG) is a method of converting a carbon-rich precursor into a highly conductive graphite-like carbon by laser scribing. This method has shown great promise as a versatile and low-cost patterning technique. Here we show for the first time how an ink based on cellulose and lignin can be patterned using screen printing followed by laser graphitization. Screen printing is one of the most commonly used manufacturing techniques of printed electronics, making this approach compatible with existing processing of various devices. The use of forest-based materials opens the possibility of producing green and sustainable electronics. Pre-patterning of the ink enables carbon patterns without residual precursor between the patterns. We investigated the effect of the ink composition, laser parameters, and additives on the conductivity and structure of the resulting carbon and could achieve low sheet resistance of 3.8 Ω sq-1 and a high degree of graphitization. We demonstrated that the process is compatible with printed electronics and finally manufactured a humidity sensor which uses lignin as the sensing layer and graphitized lignin as the electrodes.
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| 12. |
- Englund-Ögge, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in the NICE birth cohort: an assessment of self-selection bias
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-7058 .- 1476-4954. ; 35:25, s. 9014-9022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prospective birth cohorts are essential for identifying associations between exposures and outcomes. However, voluntary participation introduces a potential bias due to self selection since the persons that chose to participate may differ in background characteristics and behaviors. Objectives: To investigate potential bias due to self-selection in the Nutritional impact onImmunological maturation duringChildhood in relation to theEnvironment (NICE) birth cohort in northern Sweden. Methods: Women in the NICE birth cohort (N = 621) were compared to nonparticipating pregnant women in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden who were eligible for participation (N = 4976) regarding maternal characteristics and lifestyle. Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the groups and associations between exposures (smoking, folic acid, BMI, parity, education) and pregnancy outcomes (birth weight and gestational age) were analyzed by linear regression analyses, examining any interaction with the group. Results: NICE participants were more highly educated, older and more likely to cohabit than the non-participants. They more often took folic acid and multivitamin supplements and less often smoked during early pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes (mode of delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight and APGAR score) did, however, not differ significantly between participants and non-participants. Smoking, BMI, education and parity affected gestational age and birth weight, but the associations were of similar magnitude in participants and non-participants, with no significant effect on the group. Conclusion: Self-selection to the NICE study was evident in some factors related to lifestyle and socioeconomic characteristics but did not appear to skew pregnancy outcomes or alter well-known effects of certain lifestyle parameters on pregnancy outcomes.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Friesgaard, Kristian Dahl, et al.
(författare)
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Opioids for Treatment of Pre-hospital Acute Pain : A Systematic Review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pain and Therapy. - : Springer. - 2193-8237 .- 2193-651X. ; 11:1, s. 17-36
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Acute pain is a frequent symptom among patients in the pre-hospital setting, and opioids are the most widely used class of drugs for the relief of pain in these patients. However, the evidence base for opioid use in this setting appears to be weak. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics in the pre-hospital setting and to assess potential alternative therapies. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Scopus, and Epistemonikos databases were searched for studies investigating adult patients with acute pain prior to their arrival at hospital. Outcomes on efficacy and safety were assessed. Risk of bias for each included study was assessed according to the Cochrane approach, and confidence in the evidence was assessed using the GRADE method. Results A total of 3453 papers were screened, of which the full text of 125 was assessed. Twelve studies were ultimately included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis was not undertaken due to substantial clinical heterogeneity among the included studies. Several studies had high risk of bias resulting in low or very low quality of evidence for most of the outcomes. No pre-hospital studies compared opioids with placebo, and no studies assessed the risk of opioid administration for subgroups of frail patients. The competency level of the attending healthcare provider did not seem to affect the efficacy or safety of opioids in two observational studies of very low quality. Intranasal opioids had a similar effect and safety profile as intravenous opioids. Moderate quality evidence supported a similar efficacy and safety of synthetic opioid compared to morphine. Conclusions Available evidence for pre-hospital opioid administration to relieve acute pain is scarce and the overall quality of evidence is low. Intravenous administration of synthetic, fast-acting opioids may be as effective and safe as intravenous administration of morphine. More controlled studies are needed on alternative routes for opioid administration and pre-hospital pain management for potentially more frail patient subgroups.
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| 15. |
- Gabrielsson, Britt, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1107-3756 .- 1791-244X. ; 29:3, s. 331-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and high fish intake has been associated with vascular health in population studies. However, intervention studies have been inconclusive. In this study, male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given 16-week high fat/high sucrose diets, supplemented with either minced herring fillets or minced beef. The diets were matched in total fat and cholesterol content; taurine content and fatty acid composition was analysed. Body weights were recorded throughout the study; plasma lipids were analysed at week 8 and 16. Body composition and adipocyte size were evaluated at study end. Atherosclerosis was evaluated at week 12 (ultrasound) and at termination (en face histology). Herring-fed mice had a higher proportion of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) and phospholipid fractions. The herring-fed mice had increased body weight (P=0.007), and reduced epididymal adipocyte size (P=0.009), despite similar food intake and body composition as the beef-fed mice. The herring-fed mice had lower plasma TAG and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations throughout the study (TAG; P=0.0012 and 0.004, VLDL-cholesterol; P=0.006 and 0.041, week 8 and 16, respectively). At week 16, the herring-fed had higher plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (P=0.004) and less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch (P=0.007) compared with the beef-fed mice. In conclusion, dietary herring in comparison to beef markedly improved vascular health in this mouse model, suggesting that herring provides an added value beyond its content of macronutrients.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Guy, Yifat, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of zeta-potential and tortuosity in rat organotypic hippocampal cultures from electroosmotic velocity measurements under feedback control.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 81:8, s. 3001-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular translational motion in the brain is generally considered to be governed by diffusion and tortuosity. However, the brain as a whole has a significant zeta-potential, thus translational motion is also governed by electrokinetic effects under a naturally occurring or applied electric field. We have previously measured zeta-potential and tortuosity in intact brain tissue; however, the method was tedious. In this work, we use a four-electrode potentiostat to control the potential difference between two microreference electrodes in the tissue, creating a constant electric field. Additionally, some alterations have been made to simplify our previous procedure. The method entails simultaneously injecting two 70 kDa dextran conjugated fluorophores into rat organotypic hippocampal cultures and observing their mobility using fluorescence microscopy. We further present two methods of data analysis: regression and two-probe analysis. Statistical comparisons are made between the previous and current methods as well as between the two data analysis methods. In comparison to the previous method, the current, simpler method with data analysis by regression gives statistically indistinguishable mean values of zeta-potential and tortuosity, with a similar variability for zeta-potential, -21.3 +/- 2.8 mV, and a larger variability for the tortuosity, 1.98 +/- 0.12. On the other hand, we find that the current method combined with the two-probe analysis produces accurate and more precise results, with a zeta-potential of -22.8 +/- 0.8 mV and a tortuosity of 2.24 +/- 0.10.
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| 18. |
- Hussain, Ahmed, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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A maternal diet of fatty fish reduces body fat of offspring compared with a maternal diet of beef and a post-weaning diet of fish improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in adult C57BL/6 male mice.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 209:3, s. 220-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the long-term health of the offspring. Our aim was to study how a fish or meat diet perinatal and after weaning affects body composition, insulin sensitivity and the profile of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk, fat depots, skeletal muscle and liver in male adult mice offspring. Methods During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a herring- or beef-based diet. Half of the pups in each group changed diets after weaning. In offspring, body composition measured by DEXA, plasma lipid profile and insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp or QUICKI were monitored to adulthood. Analysis of total FAs by GC-MS were performed in the diet, breast milk and in different tissues. Results At 9 week of age, offspring of herring-fed dams had less body fat than offspring of beef-fed dams. Mice fed herring after weaning had increased insulin sensitivity at 15 week of age, reduced total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and compared with beef-fed mice, larger interscapular brown adipose tissue depots. The FA composition of the maternal diet was mirrored in breast milk, and the herring diet significantly affected the FA profile of different tissues, leading to an increased content of n-3 PUFAs. Conclusion A herring-based maternal diet reduces body fat in the offspring, but the insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and amount of brown adipose tissue are affected by the offspring's own diet; the herring diet is more beneficial than the beef diet.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Keshmiri, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
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A Silicon-Organic Hybrid Voltage Equalizer for Supercapacitor Balancing
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2156-3357 .- 2156-3365. ; 7:1, s. 114-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell voltage equalizers are an important part in electric energy storage systems comprising series-connected cells, for example, supercapacitors. Hybrid electronics with silicon chips and printed devices enables electronic systems with moderate performance and low cost. This paper presents a silicon-organic hybrid voltage equalizer to balance and protect series-connected supercapacitor cells during charging. Printed organic electrochemical transistors with conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are utilized to bypass excess current when the supercapacitor cells are fully charged to desired voltages. In this study, low-cost silicon microcontrollers (ATtiny85) are programmed to sense voltages across the supercapacitor cells and control the organic electrochemical transistors to bypass charging current when the voltages exceed 1 V. Experimental results show that the hybrid equalizer with the organic electrochemical transistors works in dual-mode, switched-transistor mode or constant-resistor mode, depending on the charging current applied (0.3-100 mA). With the voltage equalizer, capacitors are charged equally regardless of their capacitances. This work demonstrates a low-cost hybrid solution for supercapacitor balancing modules at large-scale packs.
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| 21. |
- Keshmiri, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
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The applications of OECTs in supercapacitor balancing circuits
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 7th International Conference on Computer Aided Design for Thin-Film Transistor Technologies (CAD-TFT). - : IEEE. - 9781509026876 ; , s. 23-23
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate using OECTs in differential amplifiers and cell voltage equalizers for supercapacitor balancing circuits. The differential amplifier based on OECTs can sense voltage difference and the voltage equalizer consisting of a microcontroller and OECTs can be used to charge supercapacitors to desired voltages.
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| 22. |
- Kragh, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of thin asphalt layers : state-of-the-art review
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ERA-NET ROAD initiated a transnational research project titled "Optimization of thin asphalt layers" (OPTHINAL). The DRI-BRRC-VTI Consortium was trusted with carrying out the project and began with a State-of-the-Art report covering, among other things, a literature study and an inventory of experience with using thin asphalt layers (TAL). The results of this phase of the project are given in the present report.This study was limited to thin asphalt mixtures with a maximum thickness of 30 mm, which means that surface dressings or slurry seals were outside the scope of the project. Neither were top layers of double-layer porous pavements considered as TAL, even though such top layers often are 20-30 mm thick. Mix design and optimization was the subject of another study in this project and is therefore not treated here. The main conclusions are that the application of TAL is certainly worthwhile, in particular asa renewable “skin” of a stable road construction having sufficient bearing capacity. The skin serves road users’ need for sufficient skidding resistance and other important functions.
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| 23. |
- Kragh, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of thin asphalt layers, OPTHINAL. Final report
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ERA-NET ROAD initiated a transnational research project titled "Optimization of thin asphalt layers". Thin asphalt layers have been used extensively and with promising results for more than 15 years in several countries in Europe and abroad. They seem to be cost effective, fast to build and may have good surface properties. In recent years thin asphalt layers have been shown to imply reduced traffic noise levels, increased traffic safety (skid resistance and forward visibility during wet condition) and to be durable compared with traditional alternatives.The DRI-BRRC-VTI Consortium was trusted with carrying out the ERA-NET ROAD project and began with a State-of-the-Art report covering, among other things, a literature study and an inventory of experience with using thin asphalt layers. The results of this phase of the project were documented in a separate project report.The main conclusions were that the application of thin asphalt layers is certainly worthwhile, in particular as a renewable "skin" of a stable road construction having sufficient bearing capacity. The skin serves road users' need for skid resistance and other important functions. Compared with more conventional and traditional surfacing such as dense asphalt concrete 0/11 or stone mastic asphalt 0/11, thin asphalt layers in general come out somewhat better in most respects; for example concerning cost, use of nature resources, rolling resistance, and traffic noise emission. However, there are also drawbacks or problems under special traffic that need to be handled, for example TAL durability when exposed to wear from studded tyres. The availability of premium quality aggregate is a prerequisite for applying thin asphalt layers, and good quality aggregate may be difficult to procure.The present report looks at possibilities to optimize the application of thin asphalt layers, including an analysis of the cost of applying thin asphalt layers compared with the cost of applying more conventional solutions. The study has been limited to thin asphalt layers with a maximum thickness of 30 mm.Recommendations are given concerning the best practice in applying thin asphalt layers and suggestions are given for future research needed to fill the gaps in available knowledge.
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| 24. |
- Kunnus, Kristjan, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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| 25. |
- Lundberg, Thomas, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Reference calculations and implementation of mean profile depth
- 2023
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Ingår i: Roads and Airports Pavement Surface Characteristics. - London : CRC Press. - 9781003429258
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ISO/TC 43/SC 1/WG 39 is a working group under the Acoustics/Noise committee working with standardization of the subject, “Measurement of pavement surface texture using a profiling method”. The standardization is focusing on road surface properties in the texture range, i.e., wavelengths under 500 mm. Currently, the main topic is to characterize road surface texture by use of surface profiles and providing standardized measures to be used for noise and road condition investigations. One of the standards developed by WG 39 is ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles — Part 1: Determination of mean profile depth (MPD) (International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 2019). The standard was revised 2019 and a correction was published in June 2021.WG 39 has proposed an unofficial procedure to make a common interpretation of the standard to help researchers, system providers and developers of macrotexture calculations with a “reference” program code. Four members of WG 39 made calculations of MPD from eight digital reference raw texture profiles. During the work some ambiguities were detected in the standard that led to the corrected version in June 2021. The main reasons for the correction are related to how to process dropouts and some filtering details. It was decided how to address the ambiguities before the work was finalized. The calculations of the four members organizations of WG 39 provided their interpretation of the calculations and the results were compared. The comparison between calculated MPD values from the reference profiles shows very good results with only small differences that can be explained. To spread the work done by WG 39, the reference data, reference program code and the calculated MPD values are publicly available via https://www.erpug.org/ (European Road Profile Users’ Group). This work shows the importance of making a reference implementation of a standard when the standard is under development to ensure avoiding parts which can be interpreted in different ways.
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| 26. |
- Lundkvist, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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A proactive plan-do-check-act approach to defect management based on a Swedish construction project
- 2014
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 32:11, s. 1051-1065
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to continuously improve quality and avoid reoccurrence of defects, defect management (DM) in construction needs to take a more proactive approach. The classification of construction information is important for the efficient exchange and integration of data between the many roles and phases of construction and facility management, but it also provides a framework for standardization, which in turn is paramount for improvement. In order to better understand how defects can be managed proactively we conducted a case study on inspection practices at a large construction project in Sweden, using observation and analysis of inspection reports. We identified opportunities and obstacles in the classification of defect data. The project’s defect descriptions were often ambiguous and the records lacked important contextual information. We believe that this was because current practice is not designed with proactivity in mind, and there are only regulatory requirements on the data, making classification difficult. In addition, by viewing the project’s practices through the lenses of continuous improvement and plan-do-check-act theory to identify missing or inadequate steps, we propose a framework for a proactive version of the current defect management process that could potentially help to prioritize improvement work and reduce the incidence of defects
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| 27. |
- Malenczyk, Katarzyna, et al.
(författare)
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A TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis controls pancreatic β-cell survival by modulating protein turnover
- 2017
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - : EMBO. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 36:14, s. 1993-2176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ca2+-sensor proteins are generally implicated in insulin release through SNARE interactions. Here, secretagogin, whose expression in human pancreatic islets correlates with their insulin content and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, is shown to orchestrate an unexpectedly distinct mechanism. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals retained expression of the TRP family members in β-cells from diabetic donors. Amongst these, pharmacological probing identifies Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channels (TRPV1) as potent inducers of secretagogin expression through recruitment of Sp1 transcription factors. Accordingly, agonist stimulation of TRPV1s fails to rescue insulin release from pancreatic islets of glucose intolerant secretagogin knock-out(-/-) mice. However, instead of merely impinging on the SNARE machinery, reduced insulin availability in secretagogin-/- mice is due to β-cell loss, which is underpinned by the collapse of protein folding and deregulation of secretagogin-dependent USP9X deubiquitinase activity. Therefore, and considering the desensitization of TRPV1s in diabetic pancreata, a TRPV1-to-secretagogin regulatory axis seems critical to maintain the structural integrity and signal competence of β-cells.
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| 28. |
- Manousou, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A Paleolithic-type diet results in iodine deficiency: a 2-year randomized trial in postmenopausal obese women.
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 72:1, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different diets are used for weight loss. A Paleolithic-type diet (PD) has beneficial metabolic effects, but two of the largest iodine sources, table salt and dairy products, are excluded. The objectives of this study were to compare 24-h urinary iodine concentration (24-UIC) in subjects on PD with 24-UIC in subjects on a diet according to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) and to study if PD results in a higher risk of developing iodine deficiency (ID), than NNR diet.A 2-year prospective randomized trial in a tertiary referral center where healthy postmenopausal overweight or obese women were randomized to either PD (n=35) or NNR diet (n=35). Dietary iodine intake, 24-UIC, 24-h urinary iodine excretion (24-UIE), free thyroxin (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured at baseline, 6 and 24 months. Completeness of urine sampling was monitored by para-aminobenzoic acid and salt intake by urinary sodium.At baseline, median 24-UIC (71.0μg/l) and 24-UIE (134.0μg/d) were similar in the PD and NNR groups. After 6 months, 24-UIC had decreased to 36.0μg/l (P=0.001) and 24-UIE to 77.0μg/d (P=0.001) in the PD group; in the NNR group, levels were unaltered. FT4, TSH and FT3 were similar in both groups, except for FT3 at 6 months being lower in PD than in NNR group.A PD results in a higher risk of developing ID, than a diet according to the NNR. Therefore, we suggest iodine supplementation should be considered when on a PD.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 13 September 2017; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2017.134.
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| 29. |
- Meng, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Online preconcentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) by SDS-modified reversed phase column for microbore and capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673. ; 1071:1-2, s. 179-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-amide) is an important tripeptide existing in biological systems at low concentrations. It is a fairly hydrophilic peptide, cationic in acidic solutions. Preconcentration online before reversed phase chromatography separation can enhance concentration detection limits of hydrophobic, but not hydrophilic species. The hydrophilic TRH can be preconcentrated using a reversed phase precolumn charged with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The separation also uses SDS. The preconcentration is effective for a microbore system, achieving detection limit of 250 pM for a sample size of 500 microl with electrochemical detection of the biuret complex formed post column. Preconcentration using an online precolumn is also effective in packed capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a detection limit of 3 nM in 24 microl.
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| 30. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Raatiniemi, Lasse, et al.
(författare)
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Femoral nerve blocks for the treatment of acute pre-hospital pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1038-1047
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pain management is one of the most important interventions in the emergency medical services. The femoral nerve block (FNB) is, among other things, indicated for pre- and post-operative pain management for patients with femoral fractures but its role in the pre-hospital setting has not been determined. The aim of this review was to assess the effect and safety of the FNB in comparison to other forms of analgesia (or no treatment) for managing acute lower extremity pain in adult patients in the pre-hospital setting. Methods A systematic review (PROSPERO registration (CRD42018114399)) was conducted. The Cochrane and GRADE methods were used to assess outcomes. Two authors independently reviewed each study for eligibility, extracted the data and performed risk of bias assessments. Results Four studies with a total of 252 patients were included. Two RCTs (114 patients) showed that FNB may reduce pain more effectively than metamizole (mean difference 32 mm on a 100 mm VAS (95% CI 24 to 40)). One RCT (48 patients) compared the FNB with lidocaine and magnesium sulphate to FNB with lidocaine alone and was only included here for information regarding adverse effects. One case series included 90 patients. Few adverse events were reported in the included studies. The certainty of evidence was very low. We found no studies comparing FNB to inhaled analgesics, opioids or ketamine. Conclusions Evidence regarding the effectiveness and adverse effects of pre-hospital FNB is limited. Studies comparing pre-hospital FNB to inhaled analgesics, opioids or ketamine are lacking.
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| 35. |
- Rademacher, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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European co-operation in wood research From native wood to engineered materials : Part 3: engineered hybrid wood-based products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pro Ligno. - Romania : Pro Ligno Foundation. - 1841-4737 .- 2069-7430. ; 13:4, s. 361-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest-based industries have been continuously developing advanced processes, materials and wood-based solutions, to meet evolving demands and increase competitiveness. Engineered wood products (EWPs) constitute one emerging group of materials aiming at improved property profiles of wood, and provide desired shapes and functionality. In this paper, the main principles for different processes to soften wood and make it more flexible for bending and moulding, such as longitudinal compression, plasticization by water vapour and gaseous ammonia, and a dielectric heating technique, are discussed. Examples of implementation of these techniques for the production of wooden products are presented, and the use of reed canary grass, and a novel technique for embossment of hybrid particleboards are also further discussed.
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| 36. |
- Rademacher, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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European co-operation in wood research From native wood to engineered materials : Part 2: densification modification in product development
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pro Ligno. - Romania : Pro Ligno Foundation. - 1841-4737 .- 2069-7430. ; 13:4, s. 351-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood is a renewable, biological material used in numerous applications and it is growing in importance due to sustainable development efforts. Wood also suffers from a number of disadvantages, were low hardness and abrasive resistance are characteristic for low-density species. This paper presents state of the art on different wood densification processes as one emerging process technology for increased use of low-density species. The presentation is based on work by different European research groups in wood science, collaborating in the field mainly through different COST Actions. The main principles for processes are discussed, such as bulk and surface densification, as well as methods for reducing the shape memory effect of densified wood. The main challenges for the future are in the field of finding fast and environmental friendly method for elimination of the set-recovery and scaling up to profitable industrial applications. To provide a better understanding with this regard, some relevant applications of densified wood are presented.
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| 37. |
- Reinius, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance of female-biased and paucity of male-biased somatically expressed genes on the mouse X-chromosome.
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC genomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2164. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Background: Empirical evaluations of sexually dimorphic expression of genes on the mammalian X-chromosome are needed to understand the evolutionary forces and the gene-regulatory mechanisms controlling this chromosome. We performed a large-scale sex-bias expression analysis of genes on the X-chromosome in six different somatic tissues from mouse. Results: Our results show that the mouse X-chromosome is enriched with female-biased genes and depleted of male-biased genes. This suggests that feminisation as well as de-masculinisation of the X-chromosome has occurred in terms of gene expression in non-reproductive tissues. Several mechanisms may be responsible for the control of female-biased expression on chromosome X, and escape from X-inactivation is a main candidate. We confirmed escape in case of Tmem29 using RNA-FISH analysis. In addition, we identified novel female-biased non-coding transcripts located in the same female-biased cluster as the well-known coding X-inactivation escapee Kdm5c, likely transcribed from the transition-region between active and silenced domains. We also found that previously known escapees only partially explained the overrepresentation of female-biased X-genes, particularly for tissue-specific female-biased genes. Therefore, the gene set we have identified contains tissue-specific escapees and/or genes controlled by other sexually skewed regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of gene age showed that evolutionarily old X-genes (>100 myr, preceding the radiation of placental mammals) are more frequently female-biased than younger genes. Conclusion: Altogether, our results have implications for understanding both gene regulation and gene evolution of mammalian X-chromosomes, and suggest that the final result in terms of the X-gene composition (masculinisation versus feminisation) is a compromise between different evolutionary forces acting on reproductive and somatic tissues.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Saiz-Vivo, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate characteristic based modelling of atrial fibrillatory rate using implanted cardiac monitor data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physiological Measurement. - : IOP Publishing. - 0967-3334 .- 1361-6579. ; 44:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of using heart rate characteristics to estimate atrial fibrillatory rate (AFR) in a cohort of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients continuously monitored with an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM). We will use a mixed model approach to investigate population effect and patient specific effects of heart rate characteristics on AFR, and will correct for the effect of previous ablations, episode duration, and onset date and time.APPROACH: The f-wave signals, from which AFR is estimated, were extracted using a QRST cancellation process of the AF episodes in a cohort of 99 patients (67% male; 57±12 years) monitored for 9.2(0.2-24.3) months as median(min-max). The AFR from 2453 f-wave signals included in the analysis was estimated using a model-based approach. The association between AFR and heart rate characteristics, prior ablations, and episode-related features were modelled using fixed-effect and mixed-effect modelling approaches.MAIN RESULTS: The mixed-effect models had a better fit to the data than fixed-effect models showing higher coefficients of determination (R2=0.49 vs R2=0.04) when relating the variations of AFR to the heart rate features. However, when correcting for the other factors, the mixed-effect model showed the best fit (R2=0.56). AFR was found to be significantly affected by previous catheter ablations (p<0.05), episode duration (p<0.05), and irregularity of the RR interval series (p<0.05).SIGNIFICANCE: Mixed-effect models are more suitable for AFR modelling. AFR was shown to be faster in episodes with longer duration, less organized RR intervals and after several ablation procedures.
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| 40. |
- Sandberg, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Process Control and Grading in Primary Wood Processing
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030813147 - 9783030813154 ; , s. 1019-1073
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Round timber and wood products are measured, sorted, and graded at different stages in the wood-value chain starting already at the stem level in the forest. This chapter gives an overview of grading methodologies and techniques for the measurement and grading of round timber, sawn timber, veneer, and wood-panel products. The section concerning round timber focuses on the grading and sorting of logs for sawmill and veneer production. For sawn timber, visual and strength grading are discussed, for both the European and the North American markets. Techniques for measurement and process control in the wood-panel industry are finally discussed, where the different industrial methods used today are in focus rather than the specific grading rules used in the industry. The technologies presented have a broader application outside the field of the wood-panel industry, and can be of interest for the measurement of wood composites in general.
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| 41. |
- Sandberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing recalled versus experienced symptoms of breathlessness ratings : An ecological assessment study using mobile phone technology
- 2022
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Ingår i: Respirology (Carlton South. Print). - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1323-7799 .- 1440-1843. ; 27:10, s. 874-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objective: Recall of breathlessness is important for clinical care but might differ from the experienced (momentary) symptoms. This study aimed to characterize the relationship between momentary breathlessness ratings and the recall of the experience. It is hypothesized that recall is influenced by the peak (worst) and end (most recent) ratings of momentary breathlessness (peak-end rule). Methods: This study used mobile ecological momentary assessment (mEMA) for assessing breathlessness in daily life through an application installed on participants' mobile phones. Breathlessness ratings (0–10 numerical rating scale) were recorded throughout the day and recalled each night and at the end of the week. Analyses were performed using regular and mixed linear regression. Results: Eighty-four people participated. Their mean age was 64.4 years, 60% were female and 98% had modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) ≥ 1. The mean number of momentary ratings of breathlessness provided was 7.7 ratings/participant/day. Recalled breathlessness was associated with the mean, peak and end values of the day. The mean was most closely associated with the daily recall. Associations were strong for weekly values: peak breathlessness (beta = 0.95, r2 = 0.57); mean (beta = 0.91, r2 = 0.53); and end (beta = 0.67, r2 = 0.48); p < 0.001 for all. Multivariate analysis showed that peak breathlessness had the strongest influence on the breathlessness recalled at the end of the week. Conclusion: Over 1 week, recalled breathlessness is most strongly influenced by the peak breathlessness; over 1 day, it is mean breathlessness that participants most readily recalled. © 2022 The Authors. Respirology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.
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| 42. |
- Sandberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Relating Experienced To Recalled breathlessness Observational (RETRO) study : A prospective study using a mobile phone application
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Respiratory Research. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2052-4439. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Breathlessness, the subjective sensation of breathing discomfort, is common and appears in the daily life of people with cardiorespiratory diseases. Physicians often rely on patient's history based on symptom recall. The relation between recalled and experienced breathlessness is still poorly understood. This paper presents the protocol for a study primarily aimed at evaluating the relationship between experienced breathlessness and (1) recalled breathlessness and (2) predicted future breathlessness. Methods: A mobile phone application will be used to collect data during daily life. Medically stable participants, ≥18 years of age with mean daily breathlessness of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) 3/10 and able to use a mobile phone with internet will rate their breathlessness intensity on a 0-10 NRS prompted the user several times daily for 1 week. Participants will recall their breathlessness each day and week. Multivariable random effects regression models will be used for statistical analyses. Results: Results of the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences. Discussion: This protocol describes a study aimed at investigating previously unknown areas of the experience and recall of breathlessness using a new method of data collection. © 2019 Author(s).
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| 43. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A design automation development process for building and bridge design
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd CIB W78 Conference 2016, Oct. 31st – Nov. 2nd 2016, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing industrialization and standardization of construction opens up for the field of design automation. Such applications, for buildings and infrastructural products, are starting to appear by using software from the manufacturing industry. A challenge is, however, to develop such design automation applications since approaches combining product analyses, requirements management, and development of product platforms and configurators are lacking for construction. Using a bottom up approach to study existing best practice and create more general approaches is one way. In this paper we study the design automation development process from three cases; 1) edge beams, focusing on requirements management, 2) outer non-bearing walls, considering configurator development, and 3) end frame bridge superstructures, featuring the development of generic analysis procedures. These three processes are analyzed and merged into a more generic process which can be used to guide future developments of design automation applications within construction.
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| 44. |
- Sandberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Design automation in construction : An overview
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 33rd CIB W78 Conference 2016, Oct. 31st – Nov. 2nd 2016, Brisbane, Australia.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the construction industry continues its digital journey the applications within design automation is growing, making development processes less time-demanding and more organized. Design automation applications can show design impact on e.g. cost, equipment availability, staff capabilities and buildability. It can also facilitate reuse of successful solutions instead of reinventing the wheel for every project. Thanks to automation it becomes easier to generate several solutions and trying different what-if-conditions. The field has many different approaches but an overview for construction where the connections between the different approaches are indicated is needed. The purpose of this paper is to describe our view of how the design automation fields of building information modelling, master models, nowledge-based engineering, configuration, modularization, platforms and simulation are onnected and to provide input to the design automation discussion in construction. Each of hese areas are introduced and then they are analyzed in relation to each other and presented as an overview. These results will serve as a base for future studies.
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| 45. |
- Sandberg, Marten, et al.
(författare)
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Ketamine for the treatment of prehospital acute pain: a systematic review of benefit and harm
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2044-6055. ; 10:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundFew publications have addressed prehospital use of ketamine in analgesic doses. We aimed to assess the effect and safety profile of ketamine compared with other analgesic drugs (or no drug) in adult prehospital patients with acute pain.MethodsA systematic review of clinical trials assessing prehospital administration of ketamine in analgesic doses compared with other analgesic drugs or no analgesic treatment in adults. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Epistemonikos from inception until 15 February 2020, including relevant articles in English and Nordic languages. We used the Cochrane and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodologies and exclusively assessed patient-centred outcomes. Two independent authors screened trials for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risk of bias.ResultsWe included eight studies (2760 patients). Ketamine was compared with various opioids given alone, and intranasal ketamine given with nitrous oxide was compared with nitrous oxide given alone. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one cluster randomised trial included 699 patients. One prospective cohort included 27 patients and two retrospective cohorts included 2034 patients. Five of the eight studies had high risks of bias. Pain score with ketamine is probably lower than after opioids as demonstrated in a cluster-RCT (308 patients) and a retrospective cohort (158 patients) study, Delta visual analogue scale -0.4 (-0.8 to 0.0) and Delta numeric pain rating scale -3.0 (-3.86 to -2.14), respectively. Ketamine probably leads to less nausea and vomiting (risk ratio (RR) 0.24 (0.11 to 0.52)) but more agitation (RR 7.81 (1.85 to 33)) than opioids.ConclusionsThis systematic literature review finds that ketamine probably reduces pain more than opioids and with less nausea and vomiting but higher risk of agitation. Risk of bias in included studies is high.OtherScandinavian society of anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine funded meetings and software. The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation funded publication. Otherwise this research received no grant from any agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018114399.
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| 46. |
- Sandberg, Robert
(författare)
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Corporate consulting for customer solutions : bridging diverging business logics
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The change from mere product supply to customer solutions, integrated and customized offerings (including e.g. products, software and services), has been argued to be a route to success in the 21st century. However, current literature offers little support for leaders who must manage the customer solutions business’ need for bridging the diverging business logics of products and consulting. The thesis addresses this organizational challenge and aims for an understanding of the phenomenon corporate consulting, consulting businesses in product-based organizations. More specifically, the author investigates whether, and if so how, corporate consulting can be a general way of providing customer solutions. The author was formerly a marketing director of just such a corporate consultancy, and has remained a part-time employee throughout the research project. An in-depth study from within the organization enabled the collection of a rich set of longitudinal empirical data through self-ethnography and insider action research. It also led to a marked emphasis on aspects relevant to both academy and industry. A subsequent broader study into other corporate consultancies helped to generalize the findings further. The thesis investigates corporate consulting using two levels of analysis. The subsequent findings indicate firstly that, within the consulting unit, the simultaneous existence of consulting logic and product logic can lead to dual organizational identities (a consultant- and a staff identity) in corporate consultancies. The importance of managing these identities through conscious rhetoric is emphasized. Secondly, on an overall company level, the relation between the product business and the consulting business is in focus. The main conclusion here is that, despite a consulting unit’s responsibility for customized offerings, customer-orientation cannot be delegated to corporate consultancies in order to enable the traditional product business to carry on with “business as usual.” In a customer solutions business, top management must, instead, infuse a general customer-orientation into the whole organization, and the corporate consultancy must be handled as an integral part, rather than a mere extension for customization.
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| 47. |
- Sandberg, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Corporate consulting in product innovation : overcoming the barriers for utilization
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - : Emerald. - 1460-1060. ; 6:2, s. 101-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Companies in the business-to-business segment increasingly try to expand their product offerings into customer solutions offerings. This often implies adding value through professional services such as systems integration and business consulting related to the parent organization’s products. The addition of a consultative component to the product business both poses new challenges and provides new possibilities for the product organization’s innovation processes. We argue that corporate consulting units provide a vital source of knowledge for organizations seeking to increase their innovation capacity by learning about and from their customers. The current paper discusses the knowledge created in such consulting business as well as the filters that hinder utilizing this knowledge in the innovation processes of the product-oriented organization.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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