| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Göransson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
The Interface is Often Not the Problem
- 1987
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Association of Computing Machinery. CHI+GI'87. ; , s. 133-136
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer systems in the form of tools for specific functions within a work environment are becoming increasingly common. because the users are not computer experts, and because the introduction of the new tools can dramatically change their tasks, problems arise. It is argued that even if the proper design of the MMI is very important, this will not solve all the problems. More basic problems concern what functions should be included in the system and how the users can understand what the system can do in different work situations and how the response would be evaluated in the context of the work situations. This is demonstrated by experiences from application projects. It is concluded that more research must be devoted to these problem areas. Another important result is the fact that the possibilities to develop more generally applicable computer based tools are limited. Adaptation to local circumstances and needs is usually a necessity.
|
|
| 5. |
- Janols, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Användarnas synpunkter på IT-lösningar i vården - Sammanfattande erfarenheter från utvärderingar vid Landstinget i Uppsala län (2008-2012)
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det ständigt pågående IT-förändringsarbetet inom vården har potentialen att bidra till ökad vårdkvalitet, effektivitet, patientsäkerhet, patientservice och en förbättrad arbetsmiljö. Om man lyckas med detta är IT-investeringar nyttiga för vården, patienterna och landstinget. Idag finns emellertid en dålig kunskap om vilken nyttan är och det saknas modeller för att beräkna den. All erfarenhet från det hittills genomförda arbetet, liksom från mycket annan tidigare forskning, pekar på att det finns stora problem med utveckling och införande av IT i vården. Problemen består dels i att man inte förmår utnyttja den nyttopotential som finns, dels att såväl IT-system som förändringsprocesserna inte håller nog hög kvalitet, vilket resulterar i negativa reaktioner och effekter hos användarna, dvs. hos vårdpersonalen. Denna rapport presenterar en sammanfattning av användarnas synpunkter på IT lösningar i vården. Innehållet i rapporten är grundat i både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier genomfört inom ramen for projektet IVAN. Projektet IVAN (Informationssystem i vården Användbarhet och Nytta) är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Landstinget Uppsala Län (LUL) och forskare vid avdelningen for visuell information och interaktion, Institutionen för informationsteknologi vid Uppsala universitet. Projektet startade med en 6 månaders förstudie på Akademiska sjukhuset hösten 2008 och har mellan jan 2010- dec 2011 fungerat som ett Landstingsprojekt. Projektet var ett IVAN har till stor del fokuserat på kartläggningar och analyser av de system, processer och organisation som finns runt dagens IT-system. Bilden av de problem som finns idag, särskilt när det gäller vårdpersonalens upplevda situation, har klarnat. Många behov av förändringar och förbättringar har framkommit.
|
|
| 6. |
- Janols, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of User Adoption during Three Module Deployments of Region-wide Electronic Patient Record Systems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Medical Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-5056 .- 1872-8243. ; 83:6, s. 438-449
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:In Sweden there are modular region-wide EPR systems that are implemented at various health organisations in the region. The market is dominated by four IT systems that have been procured and deployed in 18 out of 21 regions.METHODS:In a 2.5-year research study, deployments of three region-wide EPR modules: a patient administration system, eReferral module and eMedication module were followed and evaluated. Health professionals, EPR maintenance organisation, IT and health care managers were observed, interviewed and responded to questionnaires.RESULTS:Although the same deployment process was used during the three deployments, large variations in the units' adoptions were observed. The variations were due to: (1) expectation and attitude, (2) management and steering, (3) end-user involvement, (4) EPR learning, and (5) usability and the possibility of changing and improving the EPR.CONCLUSIONS:If changes in work processes are not considered in development and deployment, the potential benefits will not be achieved. It is therefore crucial that EPR deployment is conceived as organisational development. Users must be supported not just before and during the go-live phase, but also in the post-period. A problem often encountered is that it is difficult to make late changes in a region-wide EPR, and it is an open question whether it is possible to talk about a successful deployment if the usability of the introduced system is low.
|
|
| 7. |
- Janols, Rebecka, 1981-
(författare)
-
Evolving Systems – Engaged Users : Key Principles for Improving Region-wide Health IT Adoption
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many countries have formulated their eHealth visions and billions of dollars have been spent on supporting the eHealth development throughout the world. An important part of the development is the electronic patient record (EPR). To enable sharing and increase cooperation between care providers, most Swedish county councils have decided to use a region-wide EPR. The health professionals often experience numerous problems and consider the region-wide EPR to be too generic and require them to tailor their practices instead of the system evolving towards supporting their needs.The aim of the PhD research is to gain knowledge of adoption when deploying and using region-wide health IT systems. This is accomplished by studying, analysing and reflecting upon what region-wide health IT systems are and how professionals use them in their practice. In the research a grounded theory method has been used, which means that the empirical data, not theories and hypotheses, have driven the research process. The data-gathering methods have been interviews, observations, participating in meetings, questionnaires, seminars and conducting literature reviews.In order to be able to improve the adoption, a set of four key principles has been identified: (1) Evolving systems-Engaged users, (2) Treat IT deployment and usage as part of organisational development, (3) Identify, respect and support differences, and (4) Identify what must be customised and what can be centralised.These four principles challenge the traditional way of developing enterprise-wide IT and emphasise the importance that users must engage in the development, procurement and deployment process to identify their similar and unique needs and procedures. It is crucial that both the similarities and uniqueness are respected and supported. The similarities can be supported by a centralised, standardised solution, while uniqueness requires a customised solution. In order to accomplish that, the IT deployment and usage needs to be treated as an important part of the on-going organisational development, and the IT systems must evolve, i.e., be continuously developed in order to engage the users to participate.
|
|
| 8. |
- Janols, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Physicians' concept of time usage : A key concern in EPR deployment
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on an interview study with 19 resident, specialist and senior physicians. The study was initiated by a Swedish Hospital management to investigate physicians’ attitude towards their EPR (Electronic Patient Records) and give recommendations for improvement in organization, development, deployment and training. The management had experienced that the physicians were unwilling to take part in the EPR deployment process and simultaneously complained about the low usability and potential safety risks of the systems. The study shows that the EPR must be considered a shared responsibility within the whole organization and not just a property of the IT department. The physicians must consider, and really experience, EPR as efficient support in their daily work rather than something they are forced to use. This includes considering work with the EPR as an important part of their work with patients.
|
|
| 9. |
- Janols, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
-
Slutrapport för Projektet IVAN 2008-2011
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet IVAN (Informationssystem i vården Användbarhet och nytta) var ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Landstinget Uppsala Län (LUL) och forskare vid institutionen för informationsteknologi, avdelningen människa datorinteraktion vid Uppsala universitet (UU). Projektet startade med en förstudie på Akademiska sjukhuset hösten 2008 och har mellan jan 2010- dec 2011 fungerat som ett Landstingsprojekt. Det övergripande målet med IVAN var att skapa en bättre användning av IT i vården lokalt på LUL:s förvaltningar (Akademiska sjukhuset, Primärvården, Hjälpmedel och habilitering samt lasarettet i Enköping).I den här rapporten presenteras slutsatser från 2.5 års forskarstudier.
|
|
| 10. |
- Janols, Rebecka
(författare)
-
Tailor the system or tailor the user? : How to make better use of electronic patient record systems
- 2011
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health care organisations are extremely complex because they consist of heterogeneous groups of people (clinical professions, patients, managers), use advanced technology (medical devices and patient record systems), and apply many organisational and clinical routines. When introducing Electronic Patient Record systems (EPR) in health care organisations, all these aspects get affected. Using a sociotechnical perspective is necessary in order to get a "successful" EPR usage.The aim of my PhD studies is to provide health care organisations with knowledge and insights into how they can improve their organisation and practice in relation to usage of EPR systems. In my research I have used a grounded theory methodology for studying, analysing and reflecting on how electronic patient record systems are used by professionals in their practice. Studies have been conducted during a 2.5 years collaborative research project. Within the studied health care organisation there are differing opinions if an EPR system is mainly a technical system or a tool to support the clinical organisation. This conceptual division leads to an uncertainty in who is responsible for the proper function of the EPR system and have a major effect for the clinicians in their clinical practice. During the research seven potential problems areas, mandate, usability, education, participation, improvements, support and evaluation have been identified as crucial for the health care organisation to manage to achieve an effective EPR usage.The main results are 1) The health care organisation needs to establish a problem-solving strategy that questions the reasons behind the problems occurred, 2) The different stakeholder groups need to interact, create a better understanding for each other's perspective and agree on the same goal for the EPR system, 3) The clinical organisation needs help to improve their clinical practice in relation to the EPR system, 4) The EPR deployment and usage affect the clinicians in different ways. Their attitude towards the EPR system is dependent on the usability of the EPR system, the deployment process, their experience of participation, education, support and possibilities to improve the system.
|
|
| 11. |
- Janols, Rebecka, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Three Key Concerns for a Successful EPR Deployment and Usage
- 2011
-
Ingår i: User Centred Networked Health Care. - 9781607508069 - 9781607508052 ; , s. 260-264
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The health care environment is unique because of the large and complex organisation with a traditional hierarchic structure that is governed by laws and regulations. This paper examines how a large Swedish health care organisation work with usability issues regarding Electronic Patient Record (EPR) deployment and usage. EPR systems have great impact on work environment and clinical work routines will not be performed in the same way as before. This paper analyse how the EPR management and core business understand their EPR responsibilities and work with usability aspects at different levels in the organisations. The paper reveals that there is a conflict about responsibility between EPR management and core business management. The reasons for the confusion are contradictive understanding of what an EPR system is, an IT system or a tool for the core business to perform better health care work. This leads to that care staff's experience regarding the EPR system's usability, is not being listened to within the organisation. Three key concerns for a successful EPR deployment and usage are identified and further analysed; education, evaluation and support & improvement ideas.
|
|
| 12. |
- Lind, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Förstudierapport : Införande av verksamhetsstödjande IT-system. Problem, effekter och nytta
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under hösten 2011 har en förstudie genomförts för att kartlägga och analysera dagens processer för utveckling, anskaffande, införande och utvärdering av administrativa IT-system vid Uppsala universitet (UU). Förstudien, Införande av verksamhetsstödjande IT-system. Problem, effekter och nytta, har genomförts av forskare vid avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion (MDI) vid institutionen för informationsteknologi, UU. Förstudien har gjorts på uppdrag av universitetsdirektör Ann Fust och kontaktperson har varit Britta Nyberg, enheten för planering, uppföljning och stöd för verksamhetsutveckling.Arbetet har dels bestått av en kartläggning och analys av dagens utvecklings- och införandeprocesser och de problem man upplever i samband med dessa, dels några analyser av hur användare uppfattar de IT-system man idag har.Sammanfattningsvis har kartläggningen och analysen visat att det finns en stor förbättringspotential när det gäller processer för verksamhets- och IT-utveckling samt hur användbarhetsaspekter beaktas i utveckling, anskaffande, införande och utvärdering av IT-system. Kartläggningen av processer som används vid UU visar att det inte finns några enhetliga processer som används generellt inom UU, men att det lokalt finns fungerande sådana. Några exempel är förvaltningen som sedan några år arbetar enligt PM3, och avdelningen för IT och inköp som använder sig av ITIL. I de idag pågående IT-projekten varierar arbetssättet mycket. Det finns inga rekommenderade processer eller arbetssätt utan projektledaren lägger upp arbetet baserat på egna erfarenheter.Inom UU arbetar man generellt inte med användarcentrerade processer, och användbarhetsaspekter är inte prioriterade. Inom vissa projekt och i viss förvaltning förekommer en del arbete med fokus på användbarhet. Referensgrupper används som en form av användarmedverkan, men med olika mål och syften. Införandeprocesser upplevs generellt som problematiska inom UU och här finns påtagliga problem. Den upplevda användbarheten i de administrativa IT-systemen varierar, men generellt anser förstudiens intervjupersoner att det finns stor förbättringspotential.Fallstudien av Raindanceportalen visar att olika användargrupper upplever systemet på helt olika sätt. De som har utbildning i Raindance (ekonomiadministratörer) och använder det i sina kärnuppgifter upplever att systemet i ganska stor utsträckning stöder arbetet. Övriga användare som använder systemet mer sällan och som administrativt stödsystem har klart större problem med systemet.I en avslutande diskussion ger vi en sammanställning av de observerade problemen, ger förslag på vad som fordras för att utveckla kunskaper kring problem och möjligheter och för att införa förbättrade processer, samt för att på sikt få bättre och effektivare administrativa IT-system inom UU.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Sandblad, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Work environment and computer systems development
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Behaviour and Information Technology. - OXON, ENGLAND : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-3001 .- 0144-929X. ; 22:6, s. 375-387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work environment and occupational health problems of different nature are constantly increasing in computer supported work. Most efforts to improve the work environment are focused primarily on physical aspects, and to some extent on psychosocial aspects. Mental workload and cognitive problems are of a more complex nature, more difficult to measure and provide efficient solutions to, and are more seldom studied or solved. Solutions to work environment problems are usually applied to already existing work situations through improved equipment and work place design, health programmes, education, reorganizations, etc. The problems are seldom prevented by means of applying relevant methods early in the systems development process, before the artefacts have been designed and implemented. This paper, and the following papers of this special issue, will focus on the need to integrate different interdisciplinary methods at different phases in the development process of computerized support systems, with the ultimate goal to prevent work environment problems and decrease the health risks to the users.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Borälv, Erik
(författare)
-
Design and usability in telemedicine
- 2001
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A design of computer systems, that effectively supports the user, is a major goal within human-computer interaction. To achieve this, we must understand and master several tasks. These tasks concern firstly what to develop and secondly how to develop the system.The design and implementation of effective and efficient user interfaces is a prerequisite for the successful introduction of computer support in the medical domain. We base our work on a fundamental understanding of cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction, as well as on detailed analysis of the specific needs and requirements of the end users, i.e., the medical professionals.This thesis presents several approaches for development of systems for computer-supported work in health care. The solutions described concern vital problem areas: (1) the focus on the work tasks to be performed, (2) the cost of software and the way competition works in a networked world. Solutions to these problems can lead to more usable systems from a user's perspective but may also change the nature of computer applications.
|
|
| 20. |
- Borälv, Erik, 1968-
(författare)
-
Design in Telemedicine : Development and Implementation of Usable Computer Systems
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designing computer systems that effectively support the user is the major goal within human-computer interaction. To achieve this, we must understand and master several tasks. This process must initially deal with the question of knowing what to develop and later, with the question of knowing how to design and develop the system. This view might seem off-target at first, since it does not explicitly mention the goals or functions of the system. However, more often than not, there is no objective goal to aim for that can be formally specified and used as a target criterion that will signal when we have designed an appropriate system. Instead, there is a large set of vague goals – some of which may last through the entire project and some that will not. It is therefore somewhat confounding that most of the current methods of systems development require that these goals are explicitly laid out, in order to steer development. For researchers in Human-Computer Interaction, the existence of many varying – and possibly conflicting goals – presents is a great challenge. The constructive main focus on producing usable systems is a matter of understanding this complex situation and knowing how to proceed from there. There are many existing approaches that can be used to carry out this complex development process. This thesis presents one approach, based on the notion that the elements that constitute a successful system are also a part of the solution. This thesis presents this approach as it is applied to the development of systems for computer-supported work in health care. The projected solution suggests that we need to focus more intently on active user involvement in iterative development that is significantly long-term. The traditional, rather narrow circle of focus that encompasses design, development and evaluation is not sufficient.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Cajander, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Användbara IT-stöd : En utvärdering av ett forskningsprojekt vid CSN, Centrala studiestödsnämnden
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvecklingsrådet för den statliga sektorn har tagit ett initiativ för att stödja myndigheternas arbete med att förbättra arbetsmiljön och sänka sjukfrånvaron. Därför startades programmet Satsa friskt. Programmet ger stöd i form av ekonomiskt bidrag och experthjälp till olika projekt inom statliga myndigheter. Ett av Satsa Friskts insatsområden är Människa IT . Inom detta område har det sedan 2004 bedrivits ett antal olika projekt vid flera statliga verk. Vi har från MDI (avdelningen för människa-datorinteraktion, institutionen för informationsteknologi) vid Uppsala universitet varit mer omfattande inblandad i tre olika sådana projekt: vid CSN, Migrationsverket och SMHI. Syftet och innehållet har varierat en del mellan de olika projekten, men ett huvudsakligt fokus har varit hur man kan se till att de framtida IT-stödda arbetena inom myndigheterna blir effektivare och arbetsmiljön bättre. Genom att bättre beakta användbarhets- och arbetsmiljöaspekter vid kravställande, utveckling och införande av IT-stöd kan man stödja en positiv utveckling av verksamheten som sådan liksom av arbetsinnehåll och arbetsmiljö för den enskilde individen. Resultatet kan då bli effektivare verksamhet, bättre service till kunder och ett hälsosammare och hållbarare arbete för de anställda. Denna rapport beskriver det arbete som under åren 2005-2007 genomförts i samverkan mellan CSN, Centrala studiestödsnämnden, och MDI, Uppsala universitet. Förutom en kort beskrivning av innehållet i det arbete som gjorts inom projektet redovisar denna rapport en utvärdering av resultatet, de lärdomar som vi gjort från projektet, de råd vi kan ge till andra som vill ta del av dessa lärdomar samt en förteckning av de rapporter av olika slag som producerats.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Dinka, David, 1974-
(författare)
-
Role, Identity and Work : Extending the design and development agenda
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to make technology easier to handle for its users, the field of HCI (Human- Computer Interaction) has recently often turned the environment and the context of use. In this thesis the focus is on the relation between the user and the technology. More specifically, this thesis explores how roles and professional identity effects the use and views of the technology used. The exploration includes two different domains, a clinical setting and a media production setting, where the focus is on the clinical setting. These are domains that have strong professional identities in common, in the clinical setting neurosurgeons and physicists, and the media setting journalists. These settings also have a strong technological profile, in the clinical setting the focus has been on a specific neurosurgical tool called Leksell GammaKnife and in the journalistic setting the introduction of new media technology in general has been in focus. The data collection includes interviews, observations and participatory design oriented workshops. The data collected were analyzed with qualitative methods inspired by grounded theory. The work with the Leksell GammaKnife showed that there were two different approaches towards the work, the tool and development, depending on the work identity. Depending on if the user were a neurosurgeon or a physicist, the definition of the work preformed was inline with their identity, even if the task preformed was the same. When it comes to the media production tool, the focus of the study was a participatory design oriented development process. The outcome of the process turned out to be oriented towards the objectives that were inline with the users identity, more than with the task that were to be preformed. At some level, even the task was defined from the user dentity.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Golightly, David, et al.
(författare)
-
A socio-technical comparison of rail traffic control between GB and Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Rail Human Factors. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 9781138000377 ; , s. 367-376
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is strong motivation for having rail technology that is both international and interoperable. The practice, however, of moving technology that works well in one operational setting to another is not straightforward. This paper takes one type of technology, traffic control automation, and looks at variability between two contexts – GB and Sweden. The output from this work is a socio-technical framework which will be used to asses the viability of applying new advances in traffic management across a number of EU countries.
|
|
| 30. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Information Utilization (AIU)
- 1997
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilization (AIU) is a method for describing and analyzing how information entities identified in information analysis are being used in the work situation. AIU aims at complementing existing methods for user interface design by identifying additional requirements for human-computer interaction. The method focuses on aspects, of computer-supported work, related to cognitive load, aspects of which end users often not are explicitly aware. For skilled workers in a professional work environment, the efficiency of the user interface is extremely important. We earlier stressed that important criteria for design of user interfaces deals with making the interface "obvious" to the users, by minimizing the cognitive load associated with the handling of it. AIU is performed through observation interviews in which human-computer experts interview representative users about their work situation and observe physical information-handling routines. The analysis identifies work tasks in terms of judgments and decision-making situations, requirements concerning the tasks that may have to be performed simultaneously, important features and priorities of the information, actions the user can initiate and so on. The method supports the interface designer with human-computer interaction requirements structured for a workspace-oriented design. It is integrated in user-centered development model and supports the simultaneous development of competence, organization, work activity, and information technology. This article describes the background and contents of the method and how the results of the analysis are documented and used in the design process. A number of application projects have shown that AIU makes it possible to capture aspects of human work and information processing that are important to the design of better interfaces. AIU is not a new method for system development but complements today methods for task and information analysis with more...
|
|
| 31. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of information utilization (AIU)
- 1997
-
Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION. - 1044-7318. ; 9:3, s. 255-282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of information utilisation (AIU) is a method for specifying how information entities encountered in information analysis are being physically manipulated in the work situation undergoing analysis. It focuses especially on factors affecting cognitive load. The method supports the human-computer interface designer with relevant and appropriate information structured specifically for a document oriented design methodology. It gives a suitable basis for user centred interface design, without the possible limitations that improper user participation could cause, and focuses on all aspects relevant for a ”good” work environment, such as competence, organisation, work activity and information technology development.Analysis of information utilisation is performed through ”observation-interviews” in which a human-computer expert interviews a typical user about his work situation in the domain of work and observes information handling routines that the user might not be aware of. A number of development projects have shown that this method can constitute an additional step in existing methodologies for capturing aspects of the work situation that can be directly design controlling. This paper describes the method of analysis of information utilisation, and what information that has to be documented while performing the method. It suggests how the method can be incorporated into existing in-house development methodologies, and gives an example of documented analysis results from a development project within the Swedish National Tax Board.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Domain specific design of user interfaces
- 1995
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1044-7318 .- 1532-7590. ; 7:2, s. 135-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of graphical user interfaces in a computerized work environment is often considered to substantially improve the work situation. The outcome can, however, often be the opposite. Inappropriate use of windowing techniques, scrolling, and colors can result in tedious and confusing interaction with the computer. Today's standards and style guides define basic design principles but are insufficient for design of interfaces to end‐user applications. Here detailed domain knowledge is indeed essential. A domain‐specific style guide (DSSG) is an extension of today's standard with domain‐specific primitives, interface elements, and forms, together with domain‐specific guidelines. Careful dedicated analysis of information utilization in a domain is the development basis for a DSSG. The development is performed with an object‐oriented approach to facilitate the reuse of interface components and to support consistency and structure. Using a DSSG, the development of applications can be performed with a simplified information analysis. Therefore a more effective design process is possible, one in which end users can participate in the design using their own familiar domain‐related terminology. Time and costs for the development process can be drastically reduced if domain‐specific style guides, design guidelines, and development tools are used.
|
|
| 33. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Domain Specific Design of User Interfaces - Case Handling and Data Entry Problems.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Domain Specific Design of User Interfaces - Case Handling and Data Entry Problems.. - : Springer London.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New approaches on human-computer issues are required in designing user interfaces for skilled professionals in specific domains. By including domain knowledge earlier in the development process applications development can be simplified. The advantages of a domain specific design are obvious; 1. Increased efficiency in the development process and in the final application. 2. Enhanced possibilities for effective user participation. 3. Reduced development time and cost. Domain specific design requires a careful analysis of information utilisation. The analysis results in a design specified in a special design language interpretable by the construction tool. This paper outlines a framework for a domain specific design and development process. Design was earlier supported mainly by cognitive theories on human computer interaction and user modelling. In the domain specific approach design issues are concentrated on efficient development of effective human-computer interfaces. Our purpose is to identify the main steps of the process analysis of information utilisation, design and construction with special emphasis on their documentation. The different documentations can be seen as interfaces or bridges between preceding and succeeding steps in the development process, and are to be specified in some kind of formal or semiformal language. We are currently working on the specification of these languages. Our development process is compared to development using traditional UIMS, with emphasis on the possible benefits; cost and time savings, increased possibilities for effective user participation and increased modularity. The domain of case handling accentuates the domain specific development as a general approach on a large number of administrative work situations where case administrators interact with customers or clients. Case handling is an important domain with many end-users using their skills for complex information retrieval and decision making. This domain is described from the case administrators perspective on customer interaction, information retrieval, decision support and information systems. We stress some general aspects on case handling, important for the design of efficient computer support for personnel working in this domain. Some basic work flow entities, to describe and categorise the case handling domain, are presented, like e. g. the initialisation phase, the information retrieval process, the case administrators decision process, and the documentation and information services.
|
|
| 34. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
The nature of user interface design : The role of domain knowledge
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Domain knowledge for interactive systems design. - : Chapman-Hall, London.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance and growing awareness of domain knowledge acquisition in information systems development and, especially, in the process of design of human-computer interfaces, are becoming more evident. In several in-house development projects, methods for efficiently capturing and utilising domain knowledge have been defined and tested (e.g., through the definition of domain specific style guides and analysis of information utilisation). Also, methods for modelling case handling work in general terms, which is the main application focus of our studies, have been developed and tested in larger organisations.This paper focuses on the relation between domain knowledge models and conceptual models in information system development and user models in human-computer interaction. Based on Norman's model of user perception of an existing computer system, different limitations are identified and possible extensions are discussed. By introducing the domain context, several additional models of the work task by the user, as well as the designer, occur. If the dynamic iterative system development process is regarded, additional models and dynamic changes in the models over time can be traced. Furthermore, these models are related to the state-of-the-art knowledge on mental models and domain modelling. Implications for design, such as work modelling, iterative system development, analysis of information utilisation, design and evaluation methods, are discussed.
|
|
| 35. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nature Of User Interface Design - The Role Of Domain Knowledge
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Domain Knowledge for Interactive System Design. - : Springer London.
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance and growing awareness of domain knowledge acquisition in information systems development and, especially, in the process of design of human-computer interfaces, are becoming more evident. In several in-house development projects, methods for efficiently capturing and utilising domain knowledge have been defined and tested (e.g., through the definition of domain specific style guides and analysis of information utilisation). Also, methods for modelling case handling work in general terms, which is the main application focus of our studies, have been developed and tested in larger organisations. This paper focuses on the relation between domain knowledge models and conceptual models in information system development and user models in human-computer interaction. Based on Norman's model of user perception of an existing computer system, different limitations are identified and possible extensions are discussed. By introducing the domain context, several additional models of the work task by the user, as well as the designer, occur. If the dynamic iterative system development process is regarded, additional models and dynamic changes in the models over time can be traced. Furthermore, these models are related to the state-of-the-art knowledge on mental models and domain modelling. Implications for design, such as work modelling, iterative system development, analysis of information utilisation, design and evaluation methods, are discussed.
|
|
| 36. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
The need for new application specific interface elements
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics 19B, Human Computer Interaction. ; , s. 15-20
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of user interfaces for skilled workers in professional work settings should be based on style guides that certify efficiency. Most of today's style guides and design guidelines overemphasise general aspects or aspects relevant to novices. To increase efficiency both of the design process and of the resulting interface, more domain specific interface elements should be used. This paper explains the basic ideas of such domain specific style guides and gives some examples from the health care domain.
|
|
| 37. |
- Gulliksen, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
User-Centred Systems Design as Organizational Change : A Longitudinal Action Research Project to Improve Usability and the Computerized Work Environment in a Public Authority
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction. - : IGI Global. - 1548-3908 .- 1548-3916. ; 5:3, s. 13-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a longitudinal case study in which six Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers worked extensively in an action research cooperation with a public authority over a period of four years. The purpose of the cooperation was to increase the focus on usability in the authority, and the main research question was how user centered systems design and increased awareness on work environment in relation to computer usage could promote organizational change in a public authority. The overarching research approach in this project has been action research and the data used in this paper is derived from an evaluation performed at the end of the project, as well as through our experiences from working with the project. The results involve aspects relating to organizational issues, management support, strategic documents and end-user participation. Moreover the results include methodological support for bringing users and developers closer together and individual and organizational attitudes to development. The purpose of this paper is to make some general conclusions on how to bring about change when approaching a large public authority with the purpose of introducing usability and user centered systems design.
|
|
| 38. |
- Hardenborg, Niklas, 1977-
(författare)
-
Designing Work and IT Systems : A Participatory Process that Supports Usability and Sustainability
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the use of computers and IT systems has become an essential part of many people’s daily work, the quality of IT systems’ is becoming more important for efficient, healthy and sustainable work. It has often been argued that the full potential of a new, supportive IT system seldom is achieved, because – despite implementation of the new system - outdated work procedures are still being preserved. We can also see an increase in occupational health problems that are related to the use of poorly designed IT systems. This thesis addresses the questions of how to create a process for developing a sustainable, IT- supported work for the future and how to provide a solid foundation for the development of IT systems. What underlying perspectives should be applied and how can such a process be carried out in practice? Utilizing an action research approach inspired by participatory design methods, a user-centred seminar process called the Vision Seminar Process (VSP) has been developed to address these questions. Observations are presented from three cases in which the VSP has contributed to the organizations’ development and during which the Vision Seminar Process itself continued to evolve. The process provides a framework where practitioners and designers cooperate in the design of both sustainable work and usable IT systems. It is of central importance that a reflective in-depth analysis of users’ work practices is carried out, that their entire work situation and organization is questioned and discussed, and that the design process is carried out with a focus on healthy and sustainable work. Underlying perspectives that advocate a focus on a future work are essential for the successful implementation of the process, in that IT should be the engine that drives the development of work and creates the conditions for a healthy, sustainable work.
|
|
| 39. |
- Hardenborg, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Performing the Vision Seminar Process
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Vision Seminar Process is a process for developing an efficient, sustainable, IT-supported future work and a tool for proving a solid basis for the development of IT systems. The process provides a framework where practitioners and designers cooperate in the design of both sustainable work and usable IT systems. A practical approach is provided to facilitate for practitioners' reflective in-depth analysis of their work practices as well as to question and discuss their entire work situation and organization.This report gives a practical and basic description of the process procedure based on experiences from several projects where the process has been carried out in different contexts and organizations.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Isaksson-Lutteman, Gunnika, et al.
(författare)
-
All or nothing : Deployment must also be user-centred
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Ergonomics Open Journal. - 1875-9343.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article describes the importance ofusing a user-centred deployment process.The article is based on a case study of twotrain traffic control centres where the samesystem, STEG, was deployed with differentcontexts.
|
|
| 43. |
- Isaksson-Lutteman, Gunnika
(författare)
-
Future Train Traffic Control : Development and deployment of new principles and systems in train traffic control
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The train traffic control system of the future requires new solutions and strategies in order to better meet tomorrow’s demands and goals. Uppsala University and Trafikverket have been collaborating for several years in research regarding train traffic control and how to improve traffic controllers’ support systems and working environment. At an early stage in the collaboration studies and analysis of important aspects of the traffic controller’s tasks, strategies, decision making, use of information and support systems were undertaken. This research resulted in new control paradigms, from control by exception to control by replanning. By using this paradigm we developed and designed prototype systems and interfaces that could better meet future goals and contribute to more optimal use of infrastructure capacity. Based on this research, a new operational traffic control system called STEG was developed in an iterative and user-centred design process. The system was deployed and tested operatively at a train traffic control centre in Sweden. The following evaluations focused on what happens when STEG is introduced in train traffic controllers’ work places. The evaluation of STEG showed satisfied users with a feeling of active involvement during the design and deployment processes, and gave confirmation that the new control strategies are functioning. STEG was seen as successful and was thereafter developed into MULTI-STEG, intended to be used by several users simultaneously, supporting them to share information in a new way. MULTI-STEG was deployed and tested at another train traffic control centre in Sweden. The following evaluations of MULTI-STEG focused on what happens when several users are involved and how train traffic controllers felt when sharing information, that before would have only been in their own minds, with each other. Some complications occurred due to mistakes in the deployment process, but altogether the evaluation showed positive attitudes towards the new system and MULTI-STEG was perceived as an efficient system for train traffic control.The main results are that STEG and MULTI-STEG can be used as an efficient train traffic control system and the new system can reduce the unnecessary cognitive load currently placed upon traffic controllers in today’s system. Also the deployment process is fundamental to the acceptance or non-acceptance of a new system by users. STEG was developed in a user-centred design process, but it is important that the deployment process is also user-centred.
|
|
| 44. |
- Isaksson-Lutteman, Gunnika, et al.
(författare)
-
Operative tests of a new system for train traffic control
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Rail Human Factors around the World. - 9780415644754 ; , s. 424-433
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tomorrow’s train traffic systems requires new strategies and solutions for efficient traintraffic control and utilization of track capacity, especially in traffic systems with a highdegree of deregulated and mixed traffic. There are many different goals associated withthe traffic control tasks and the work of the traffic controllers (dispatchers). Examples aresafety, efficiency of the traffic with regard to timeliness and energy consumption, goodservice and information to passengers and customers etc. Today’s traffic controlsystems and user interfaces do not efficiently support such goals. In earlier research wehave analyzed important aspects of the traffic controller’s tasks, strategies, decisionmaking, use of information and support systems etc. Based on this research we,together with Banverket (Swedish Rail Administration), have designed prototypesystems and interfaces that better can meet future goals and contribute to more optimaluse of infrastructure capacity. These prototype systems have now been developed into afully operational system which has been tested during 6 months, for control of train trafficin a section of the Swedish rail system. The evaluation shows that the system efficientlysupports control tasks and is well accepted by the involved traffic controllers.
|
|
| 45. |
- Isaksson-Lutteman, Gunnika, et al.
(författare)
-
Operative Tests of a New System for Train Traffic Control
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tomorrow's train traffic systems requires new strategies and solutions for efficient train traffic control and utilization of track capacity, especially in traffic systems with a high degree of deregulated and mixed traffic. There are many different goals associated with the traffic control tasks and the work of the traffic controllers (dispatchers). Examples are safety, efficiency of the traffic with regard to timeliness and energy consumption, good service and information to passengers and customers etc. Today's traffic control systems and user interfaces do not efficiently support such goals. In earlier research we have analyzed important aspects of the traffic controller's tasks, strategies, decision making, use of information and support systems etc. Based on this research we, together with Banverket (Swedish Rail Administration), have designed prototype systems and interfaces that better can meet future goals and contribute to more optimal use of infrastructure capacity.
|
|
| 46. |
- Isaksson-Lutteman, Gunnika, et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing unnecessary cognitive load in train traffic control
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uppsala University has collaborated with Swedish National Railway Administration in research about train traffic control and how to improve traffic controllers’ work environment, so that they can better meet future demands. This has resulted in a new operational train traffic control system called STEG. The traffic controllers are today forced to develop and use very complex mental models which take a long time to learn. We have also found that their cognitive capacity is more used to indentify, understand and analyze the traffic situation and less to solve problems and find optimal solutions to disturbances. The objective for developing STEG was to change this situation and reduce unnecessary cognitive load. Interviews with traffic controllers show that STEG has reduced the complexity of their mental models and contributed to less unnecessary cognitive load in operation. Our conclusion is that by reducing the complexity of their mental model, they can be skilled much faster and they are now able to use their cognitive capacity and skills on the important parts of their work.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Johansson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient IT support in care for the elderly : Experiences from the VIHO project
- 2005
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The main research objective for the VIHO project (Efficient Computer Support in Care for the Elderly) was to investigate how a home care and help service organization can be developed in order to be better prepared for future challenges, and how new technical systems could support the development process. We have studied the home help personnel’s need for support and investigated how the new organization could be formed in order to provide a healthy and sustainable work. Initial focus has been on the essential parts of the work and how the work could be improved in the future, and not on design of the technical support systems. Our basic point of view has been that correctly used, new technology can contribute, so that work and organisation develops in a positive way, patients are feeling sequre and the personnel’s work environment is improved. This means that the organisation better can fulfil expectations and requirements. The professions can be strengthened and the organisation will be able to meet future challanges. In this report we briefly describe the results and the methods used in the project.
|
|
| 50. |
- Johansson, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Usability in IT Systems for Mobile Work
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Mobile Virtual Work – A new Paradigm?. - 3540283641 ; , s. 177-202
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
